A Classic Premillenial Eschatology by Dieter Thom

Version 3/5/2013 © Dieter Thom Reprint Permission [email protected] http://dieterthom.wordpress.com has the latest revision of this ongoing work. For private use only, not for commercial distribution. Not to be sold for profit.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Contents Page

1. About the Author 3

2. An Introduction to Christian Eschatology 4

3. The Main Views of End Times Prophecy 8

4. Basic Approaches in Prophetic Hermeneutics 13

5. The Seven Letters to the Churches of the Book of Revelation 15

6. The Great Tribulation Chronology of the Book of Revelation 19

7. The Synoptic Gospel Narrative Accounts of Jesus’ Prophecies 28

8. The Gospel, Apostasy and Israel in the Plan of God 33

9. The Antichrist and His Kingdom 37

10. Integrating Daniel’s Last Two Chapters 45

11. The Temple of God 49

12. The Great Prostitute 57

13. The One World System 78

14. The Name and Mark of the Beast 88

15. The Battle of Armageddon 95

16. The Rapture of the Saints 98

17. The Millennial Kingdom of Christ 103

18. Conclusion 113

19. Recommended Further Reading 115

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

1. About the Author

‘Eschatology’ is the study of ‘final things’. The author is a reluctant ‘eschatologist’, a cautious student of ‘final things’. The last thing that he ever wanted to do was to write a book on such a controversial topic as ‘the end times’. Born again in 1982 at the age of 12, he has spent all his adult life passionately studying the Bible. After a few years of reading prophecy from various views he shelved the possibility of understanding ‘end times’ events. In the last few years, however, God has given him a renewed interest in the subject, and, he believes, greater understanding. Although it has been a difficult task, this book is the fruit of hundreds of hours of labor to understand the prophetic scriptures. Even if you disagree with him overall or in parts, this book is a useful reference tool to guide the inductive and deductive study of the prophetic scriptures. Both of these approaches will be used in this book.

The author has collected thousands of books on End Times prophecy, most of them ebooks freely available on the internet. Many of them date from as far back as the nineteenth century, and some even further. English, German, Dutch and Afrikaans writers have been consulted. These include nearly a thousand Historicist, five hundred Dispensational, hundreds of Preterist, over a hundred Adventist, a hundred Futurist, some Idealist, and hundreds of other unclassified commentaries. The author initially was taught the Idealist view, adopted the Dispensational view promoted by the majority of popular books on the topic, but then embraced the Historicist view a few years later. His careful study of Scripture has since led him to a Classic/Covenantal/Historic Premillenial view of end times prophecy, which is essentially a combination of Historicist or Futurist, and Premillennial thinking. An extensive list of more than 600 Classic Premillennial works and authors over the past 500 years is given at the end of this book for reference.

The reader needs to understand that this book is non-dispensational, post-tribulational, pre-wrath and premillennial in perspective. In other words, it teaches that the church will go through the Great Tribulation, be raptured just before the final wrath of God on the earth at the Battle of Armageddon, and return at Jesus’ Second Coming with His glorified saints that will inaugurate the 1000 year reign of Christ on earth. It seeks to prepare the people of God to be ready to go through the challenges of the Great Tribulation and be ready for when Jesus comes again.

It is hoped that you will enjoy the studying of this book and be challenged by its contents. Your thoughtful feedback, criticisms and suggestions would be greatly appreciated. The author is prepared to change his views if you can find a better interpretation of the prophetic Scriptures than is presented here. This is a work in progress, so please contact him for the most recent update and revision. No one will understand the prophetic scriptures fully or perfectly, but we can be helped by the careful contemplation of what multitudes of godly Christians have written and taught. At the end of the day, it is the Bible alone that can be our guiding light. Don’t simply accept what this book teaches. “Test all things; hold fast what is good.” (1 Thess. 5:21)

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

2. An Introduction to Christian Eschatology

“But you, go your way till the end; for you shall rest, and will arise to your inheritance at the end of the days” (Daniel 12:13). The last four words of Daniel are “end of the days”, and is the only place in the Bible that uses it. It refers to the end of time or ‘End Times’, as they are popularly known in Christian circles. Eschatology is the study of ‘final things’.

The “Last Days”

The Bible uses the term “last days” in a number of passages. What does “last days” actually mean? Is it the same at the end times or ‘end of the days’?

1 But know this, that in the last days perilous times will come: 2 For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, 3 unloving, unforgiving, slanderers, without self- control, brutal, despisers of good, 4 traitors, headstrong, haughty, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, 5 having a form of godliness but denying its power. And from such people turn away! (2 Tim. 3:1 - 5)

1 God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, 2 has in these last days spoken to us by His Son, whom He has appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the worlds (Heb. 1:1&2)

These two passages were written in the first century A. D., several years after the ascension of Jesus, and during the time of the Apostles. That was around 2000 years ago. According to these passages the ‘last days’ began then. The ‘last days’ will end when He comes again. We must be careful when we interpret these passages. They refer to the time between Jesus’ First and Second coming, not just to the ‘End Times’.

Joel’s Original Prophecy

28 And it shall come to pass afterward that I will pour out My Spirit on all flesh; Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, Your old men shall dream dreams, Your young men shall see visions. 29 And also on My menservants and on My maidservants I will pour out My Spirit in those days. 30 And I will show wonders in the heavens and in the earth: Blood and fire and pillars of smoke. 31 The sun shall be turned into darkness, And the moon into blood, Before the coming of the great and awesome day of the LORD. 32 And it shall come to pass that whoever calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved. For in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there shall be deliverance, As the LORD has said, Among the remnant whom the LORD calls. (Joel 2:28-32)

To what ‘days’ does Joel’s prophecy refer? The ‘End of the Days’ or the ‘Last Days’?

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Peter Quotes Joel’s Prophecy

14 But Peter, standing up with the eleven, raised his voice and said to them, “Men of Judea and all who dwell in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and heed my words. 15 For these are not drunk, as you suppose, since it is only the third hour of the day. 16 But this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel:

17 “And it shall come to pass in the last days, says God, That I will pour out of My Spirit on all flesh; Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, Your young men shall see visions, Your old men shall dream dreams. 18 And on My menservants and on My maidservants I will pour out My Spirit in those days; And they shall prophesy.

19 I will show wonders in heaven above And signs in the earth beneath: Blood and fire and vapor of smoke. 20 The sun shall be turned into darkness, And the moon into blood, Before the coming of the great and awesome day of the LORD. 21 And it shall come to pass that whoever calls on the name of the LORD Shall be saved.’ (Acts 2:14-21)

Peter said all these words on the Day of Pentecost (vs 14 - 16) in the first century, nearly 2000 years ago. He said “this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel” (vs 16). So, what happened on the Day of Pentecost was a prophetic fulfillment of Joel’s prophecy. Clearly vs 17 & 18 of Joel’s prophecy were fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost, the start of the ‘last days’. What about vs 19 – 21 of Joel’s prophecy? The Book of Revelation and other Scriptures, tell us that it will be fulfilled at the end of the ‘last days’ (Is. 13:10; Ezek. 32:7; Matt.24:29; Mark13:24-25; Luke 21:25; Rev. 6:12). Joel’s prophecy marks the beginning and end of the “Last Days”. The first part of Joel’s prophecy was fulfilled in what happened on the Day of Pentecost. The second part of Joel’s prophecy will still be fulfilled at the end of time.

Peter’s Prophecy

1 Beloved, I now write to you this second epistle (in both of which I stir up your pure minds by way of reminder), 2 that you may be mindful of the words which were spoken before by the holy prophets, and of the commandment of us, the apostles of the Lord and Savior, 3 knowing this first: that scoffers will come in the last days, walking according to their own lusts, 4 and saying, “Where is the promise of His coming? For since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of creation.” 5 For this they willfully forget: that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of water and in the water, 6 by which the world that then existed perished, being flooded with water. 7 But the heavens and the earth which are now preserved by the same word, are reserved for fire until the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men. (2 Pet. 3:1-7)

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Many people in the last 2000 years of the ‘Last Days’ have mocked the Second Coming. Many believers have set dates for Jesus’ Second Coming, only to be proved wrong. This does not mean that our hope or our study of the Second Coming is futile.

The Promises of the Book of Revelation

1 The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave Him to show His servants— things which must shortly take place. And He sent and signified it by His angel to His servant John, 2 who bore witness to the word of God, and to the testimony of Jesus Christ, to all things that he saw. 3 Blessed is he who reads and those who hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written in it; for the time is near. (Rev. 1:1-3)

There is a blessing for everyone that reads, hears and keeps the words of the Book of Revelation. Do you want to be blessed? Or do you rather want to rather fear the words of those who tell you that it is too difficult to understand and that it simply divides Christians? It is difficult and can be divisive, but its blessing will remain.

18 For I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone adds to these things, God will add to him the plagues that are written in this book; 19 and if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the Book of Life, from the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. (Rev. 22:18&19)

We must beware not to ‘add to’ or ‘take away’ from what the Book of Revelation actually says. God’s judgment will come on those people. In fact, in dealing with the Word of God, we must be very careful indeed.

The Exhortations of Second Timothy

14 Remind them of these things, charging them before the Lord not to strive about words to no profit, to the ruin of the hearers. 15 Be diligent to present yourself approved to God, a worker who does not need to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. 16 But shun profane and idle babblings, for they will increase to more ungodliness. 17 And their message will spread like cancer. Hymenaeus and Philetus are of this sort, 18 who have strayed concerning the truth, saying that the resurrection is already past; and they overthrow the faith of some. 19 Nevertheless the solid foundation of God stands, having this seal: “The Lord knows those who are His,” and, “Let everyone who names the name of Christ depart from iniquity.” (2 Tim 2:14-19)

This book is written to build your faith in God’s Word, and in the resurrection and Second Coming of Jesus.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

The Apostle Paul goes on to warn us that:

12 Yes, and all who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will suffer persecution. 13 But evil men and impostors will grow worse and worse, deceiving and being deceived. 14 But you must continue in the things which you have learned and been assured of, knowing from whom you have learned them, 15 and that from childhood you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. 16 All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, 17 that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work. (2 Tim. 3:12-17)

Your attitude be towards the prophetic element of the Word of God should be just the same. Some things are definitely difficult to understand, but other things are very clear.

The Signs of the End Times

The Bible teaches the sudden, personal, physical and visible return or Second Coming of Jesus Christ. Jesus warned that nobody knows the day or hour of His return (Mark 13:32; Matt 24:36). People have been setting dates for centuries. However, it is clear that certain signs will immediately precede his coming. These we can call prophecies of the ‘end times’.

1 Then the Pharisees and Sadducees came, and testing Him asked that He would show them a sign from heaven. 2 He answered and said to them, “When it is evening you say, “It will be fair weather, for the sky is red’; 3 and in the morning, “It will be foul weather today, for the sky is red and threatening.’ Hypocrites! You know how to discern the face of the sky, but you cannot discern the signs of the times. (Matthew 16:1-3)

The Pharisees could not discern ‘the signs of the times’ (vs 3). But can normal Christians really understand the Signs of the End Times accurately? If so many Bible scholars and teachers disagree on the events of the End Times, what hope is there for the average Christian? Let us begin by looking at the main views of the ‘End Times’.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

3. The Main Views of End Times Prophecy

Idealists believe that most prophecies cannot be interpreted literally, but that there are spiritual lessons to learn. Idealists deny a literal Second Coming and a physical resurrection of believers from the dead. The Jewish Sadducees in the Bible and modern liberals are examples of Idealist interpreters. This view has little relevance to believers, except to apply a few spiritual truths to our lives.

Preterists believe that most prophecy was already fulfilled by 70 AD, when Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans. They believe that little applies to us today or to the future. The Preterist view is in the minority, but denies many fundamentals. Preterists say that all prophecy is fulfilled, and deny the resurrection and the Second Coming, just like the Idealists.

Partial Preterists believe that all prophecy, except the Second Coming and the resurrection of the dead, has been fulfilled. They use ‘proof texts’ that are wrenched out of their clear meaning to prove their case. The Partial Preterist view is popular in some scholarly circles, does have some merit, but is essentially irrelevant to us today in dealing with the time of the end.

Historicists believe that most prophecy has been fulfilled throughout church history and that little applies to today or the future. They take most of the Book of Revelation and apply it to different periods in the history of the New Testament Church. They teach that the Roman Catholic Church is the Great Prostitute and that the Pope is the Antichrist. Clearly some prophecies have been fulfilled, but the extent of this is important.

Futurists believe that most prophecies in the Book of Revelation are yet to be fulfilled in the Great Tribulation and that little has been fulfilled yet in Church History. The early church was obviously mostly futurist, but two thousand years of Church history has passed, so it is difficult to believe that no prophecies have yet found their fulfillment. The question of past and future fulfillment is crucial to a correct interpretation of prophecy.

The Millennium is the 1000-year reign of Christ mentioned in Revelation 20. Premillennialists believe that Jesus will come to establish His physical earthly Kingdom for 1000 years. Amillennialists do not believe in a literal 1000 years, but they teach that the Millennium is the reign of Christ through His Church on earth. Post-millennialists also do not believe in a literal Millennium, but that the world will largely be converted at some point, reign for a symbolic 1000 years and be presented to Jesus at His Coming.

The Great Tribulation is the period of time based on Jesus’ teaching in the Gospels that the world will go through a great time of trouble and the Church will be severely persecuted. Pre-tribulationalism, a product of the Dispensational system, teaches that Christians will be secretly raptured before the seven-year Great Tribulation and escape suffering. Post-tribulationism teaches that Christians will go through the persecution of the Great Tribulation and that the last three and a half years will be the most difficult, but the overall time period is not clearly defined by Scripture.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Fulfilled by destruction of temple 70 AD Except Resurrection And Second Coming Full Partial Fulfilled in Church History Fulfilled in Great Tribulation

Preterist Historicist - All Popes Antichrist Futurist - Individual Antichrist

Amillennial -Figurative- Postmillennial -Literal- Premillennial (1000 years) Reconstruction Apostasy Dominion Jews Revival Classic/Covenantal

(SDA) (Darby/Scofield) Idealist/Spiritualist Adventist Dispensational | Fulfilment figurative, not literal Last 3 ½ years 7-year trib

The Great Tribulation Post Mid Pre Tribulational Rapture

A Graphical Representation of the Main Views of End Times Biblical Prophecy

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

This author takes a Classic, (New) Covenantal or Historic Premillennial view (different terms for the same thing). This book is essentially a combination of the Historicist and Futurist Premillennial views, acknowledging that some prophecies have been fulfilled in church history, but not denying that some prophecies are yet to happen.

The earthly reign of the Messiah was promised in the Old Testament by God to the Patriarchs and confirmed through the Prophets to the people of Israel. It has been expected by the Jews throughout the ages, and was affirmed by the teaching of Jesus and His Apostles in the New Testament. This view was held by the early church almost without exception, was violently suppressed by the Church establishment for a thousand years, and has been taught by eminent Evangelical figures over the last 500 years.

The Classic Premillennial view was indisputably held by most of the early church in the first few centuries after Christ until the Roman Empire was ‘Christianized’. This view was obviously mostly Futurist in its orientation. It is taught by early Christian writings including The Didache, the Epistle of Barnabus, The Shepherd of Hermas, Papias of Hierapolis (70–155), Justin Martyr (100–165), Irenaeus (130–202), Tertullian (160– 225), Hippolytus of Rome (170–235), Commodian the Syrian (250), Cyprian (200-258), Victorinus of Pettau (died 304), Methodius of Olympus (died 311), Lucius Lactantius (240–320), Hilarion (291–371), Gaudentius of Brescia (died 410), Maximus of Turin (died 408-423), Evodius of North Africa (350–424), Sulpicius Severus (363–425), the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Ephraem and the Bede (672–735).

It was Origen (185–254) and Augustine of Hippo (354–430) that effectively changed the tide of opinion about the Millenium for around a millennium. Their opposition to Millennialism affected both the established church and the fringe groups. The Roman and Byzantine domination of Western and Eastern Christianity effectively made Millennialism a heresy punishable by death. Few believers had the courage to publically dissent. However, there was a late Mediaeval Millennial revival with key figures being Richard of St. Victor (died 1173), Bruno of Segni (1049-1123), Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153), Anselm of Havelberg (1100–1158), Joachim of Fiore (1130-1202), John Wycliffe (1320–1384), Jan Hus (1369–1415) and Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498).

Most English-speaking Classic Premillennialists adopted the prevailing Protestant Historicist view which saw the Pope as the Antichrist and the Vatican as the Great Prostitute. These included, John Robinson (1576–1625), Joseph Mede (1586–1639), Nathaniel Homes (1604-1649), Thomas Shepard (1605–1649), James Ussher (1581– 1656), John Milton (1608–1674), Roger Williams (1603–1683), Henry More (1614– 1687), Increase Mather (1639-1723), Cotton Mather (1663-1728), Isaac Newton (1642– 1727), William Whiston (1667–1752), Henry Alford (1810–1871), William Cunninghame (1775-1849), Edward Bickersteth (1786–1850), Joshua W. Brooks (1790– 1882), Thomas Rawson Birks (1810–1883), Edward Bishop Elliott (1793–1875), Henry Grattan Guinness (1835–1910), Benjamin Wills Newton, (180–1899), Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1813–1875), George Mueller (1805–1898), Charles Haddon Spurgeon (1834– 1892), Horatius Bonar (1808–1889), Andrew Alexander Bonar (1810–1892) and John Charles Ryle (1816–1900).

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Among the German-speaking Classic Premillennialists were Andreas Rudolph Bodenstein von Karlstadt (1486-1541), Philipp Nicolae (1556–1608), Johann Arndt (1555–1621), Jakob Böhme (1575–1624), Johann Heinrich Alsted (1588-1638), Johannes Valentinus Andreae (1586–1654), Johannes Cocceius (1603-1669), Johann Jacob Schütz (1640-1690), Philipp Jakob Spener (1635-1705), Johann Wilhelm Petersen (1649-1727), August Hermann Francke (1663–1727), Johann Albrecht Bengel (1687-1751), Christian August Crusius (1715–1775), Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette (1780-1849), Karl August Auberlen (1824–1864), Richard Rothe (1799-1867), Johann Tobias Beck (1804–1878), Johann Christoph Blumhardt (1805–1880), Isaak August Dorner (1809–1884), Johann Peter Lange (1802-1884), Heinrich Wilhelm Josias Thiersch (1817–1885), Franz Delitzsch (1813–1890), Frédéric Louis Godet (1812-1900), Martin Kaehler (1835–1912), Christoph Blumhardt (1842–1919), Theodor Zahn (1838- 1933) and Adolf Schlatter (1852-1938). They courageously stood in opposition to the entrenched Augustinian Amillennialism of the established Lutheran Church, often with severe consequences for their careers.

Other Classic Premillenialists have included John Amos Comenius (1592– 1670), Jean Labadie (1610-1674), Pierre Jurieu (1637-1713), Jan Jacob van Oosterzee (1817–1882), Adoniram Judson Gordon (1836–1895), Samuel Henry Kellogg (1839–1899), George N. H. Peters (1825–1909), Handley Carr Glyn Moule (1841-1920), Charles A. Blanchard (1848–1925), Amzi Clarence Dixon (1854–1925), John Stuart Holden (1874–1934), Frederick Brotherton Meyer (1847–1929), George Campbell Morgan (1863–1945), Robert Elliott Speer (1867–1947), George Eldon Ladd (1911–1982), Gordon Haddon Clark (1902–1985), Walter Ralston Martin (1928–1989), Bingham, Carl McIntire (1906 –2002), William Jacob Erdman (1834-1923), Charles Rosenbury Erdman (1866-1960), Philip Mauro (1859-1952), Earle Legh Langston, Rowland V. Bingham (1872-1942), Oswald Jeffrey Smith (1889-1986), his son Paul Smith, Harold John Ockenga (1905– 1985), William Gallogly Moorehead (1836-1914), Robert Cameron, Clarence B. Bass, Dinsdale T. Young, Robert Horton Gundry, Millard Erickson, Robert H. Mounce, William D. Mounce, Grant R. Osborne, John Warwick Montgomery, John Stephen Piper, Roger E. Olson, Russell D. Moore, James M. Hamilton Jr., Barry E. Horner, Fred Zaspel, Thomas Schreiner, Craig Keener, Dennis E. Johnson, Gregory K. Beale, Joseph L. Trafton, Frederick J. Murphy, Ben Witherington, Douglas J. Moo, D. A. Carson, J. Andrew Dearman, Craig L. Blomberg, Sung Wook Chung, Oscar A. Campos, Timothy P. Weber, Donald Fairbairn, Bruce A. Demarest, Richard H. Hess, Helene Dallaire, and Don J. Payne.

A number of Christian Seminaries have been associated with the Classic Premillennial position of Bible prophecy, including Fuller Theological Seminary (California), Denver Seminary (Colorado), Bethlehem College and Seminary (Minnesota), Biblical Seminary Pennsylvania), Covenant Theological Seminary (Missouri), Western Theological Seminary (Michigan), Gordon-Conwell Seminary (Massachusetts) and Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (Illinois). Many of the pastors, churches and seminaries of the Southern Baptist Convention, the Bible Presbyterian Church, and the Christian and Missionary Alliance have a strong Classic Premillennial influence.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Three Roman Catholic Jesuit priests had a strategic influence on the development of prophetic interpretation. Luis de Alcazar (1554–1613) was the first theologian to thoroughly develop the Preterist system of interpretation. The Futurism of the early church was picked up by Francisco Ribera (1537–1591), but he was not Premillennial. Both sought to counter the Protestant anti-Catholicism of the Reformation by teaching a past and future Antichrist respectively.

Manuel Lacunza (1731-1801) is poorly understood. He lived at a time when the Jesuit order that he belonged to was dissolved by and alienated from the Catholic Church. Lacunza came to a Premillennial view of prophecy and saw the Second Beast of Revelation as the corrupted Catholic priesthood. His magnum opus "The Coming of the Messiah in Glory and Majesty” (in three volumes), published under the pseudonym ‘Ben- Ezra’, was placed on the Index of Prohibited Books by the Catholic Inquisition. He died under very suspicious circumstances.

Lacunza’s work was translated by Edward Irving and influenced a revival of early church Classic Premillennial futurism amongst writers like Samuel Roffey Maitland (1792– 1866), James Henthorn Todd (1805–1869) and William Burgh. Pretribulational futurism was given through a ‘prophetic utterance’ of Margaret McDonald, a congregant of Edward Irving. This was developed into Dispensationalism by the writings of John Darby, William Kelly, C. I. Scofield (with the Scofield Reference Bible), R. A. Torrey, A. C. Gaebelein, L. S. Chafer, Hal Lindsey, Tim LaHaye, Thomas Ice and countless others regurgitating the same ‘cud’. My book rejects Pretribulational Dispensationalism and teaches Post-tribulational, Pre-wrath Premillenialism.

The reader is encouraged to refer to the four volumes of The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers by LeRoy Edwin Froom (1950). This work is the most comprehensive history of Christian eschatological interpretation ever written. Its nearly 4000 pages are written from a Seventh Day Adventist perspective, but cover all the major views and their development. Seventh Day Adventism teaches Classic Premillennialism from a distinctly Historicist and Post-tribulational perspective, with its doctrinal distinctives forming an important part of its hermeneutical framework. Though it does not cover the last six decades, this book is highly recommended as a detailed reference work with a lot of very useful information.

Classic Premillennialism teaches that the Church will go through the Tribulation (there will be no Pre-tribulation Rapture) and that the Church will be Raptured at Jesus’ Second Coming. But with all the different views out there, what principles can we use to help guide us in the correct interpretation of the prophetic scriptures?

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

4. Basic Approaches in Prophetic Hermeneutics

Hermeneutics is the study of interpretation. In this study both inductive and deductive approaches will be used to study eschatology. The inductive study will look at the evidence and draw conclusions. The deductive study will take conclusions and apply them to the Scriptures. In this study both literal and figurative approaches will be used to study eschatology. Some things in the Bible are literally what they say. Jesus was a literal person who literally went around healing people. Other things in the Bible are figurative, using figures of speech. The prophetic scriptures speak, for example, of beasts that represent empires. There is a lot of argument about whether to use a literal or figurative methodology to interpret Bible prophecy. The author would like to suggest a ‘Third Way’ alternative: a natural reading of the text. This includes the other two ways and doesn’t force an unnatural reading of the Biblical text.

Some other important terms used in Biblical interpretation: Eisegesis – reading your own meaning into Scripture not intended by the writer. Exegesis – finding the correct meaning of Scripture for the original readers. Exposition – applying the current meaning of Scripture to the modern reader.

The Pair of Primary Principles of Prophetic Interpretation

Two guiding principles can assist in understanding End Times prophecy.

1. Let Scripture interpret itself.

a. Read the passage in context. Don’t wrench a text out of context to form a pretext! Much of the figurative language can be decoded by the text of Book of Revelation itself and does not need an external school of thought.

b. Compare Scripture with Scripture. Let the Gospels and the Epistles (Letters) interpret each other. The New interpret the Old Testament.

c. Let the Old Testament interpret the New Testament. Most New Testament prophecy draws from figures and imagery of the Old Testament.

2. Let historical events have their rightful place in interpretation.

a. Do not force historical events into a scriptural framework. This is the error of pure Historicism.

b. Do identify events that have already happened and find their natural fit in Scripture. This is the error of pure Futurism.

c. Identify multiple possible fulfillments of one passage. Try to find the one that fits the best.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Application of the Principles: Three Inductive Studies

1. The Seven Letters to the Churches in the Book of Revelation

Compare and contrast chapters 2 & 3 of the Book of Revelation.

2. The Great Tribulation Chronology in the Book of Revelation

Compare and contrast the following sections of the Book of Revelation.

The First Cycle The Second Cycle

7 Seals (Rev 6: 1-17) 7 Angels (Rev 14:6-20)

7 Trumpets (Rev 8:1-9:15) 7 Bowls (Rev 16:2-17)

Observe the patterns, particularly in the Trumpets and the Bowls.

3. The Synoptic Gospel Narrative Accounts of Jesus’ Prophecies

Compare and contrast the last sections of the synoptic gospels containing Jesus words about the time of the end (Matt. 24&25; Mark 13; Luke 21). Find any references in the Gospels about the end times. Compare them to the above sections in the Book of Revelation.

Remember:

Eschatology is the study of ‘final things’. For our study purposes, the term ‘Last Days’ will always refer to the Church Age, but the term ‘End Times’ will only refer to the short time at the end of the Church Age, the ‘Last of the Last Days’ immediately preceding the Second Coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. The term ‘The End of the Days’ is only used once in Scripture in the Book of Daniel. ‘End of Days’, incidentally, is the title of a popular movie starring Arnold Schwarzenegger. It is an interesting story, but you won’t get much theology out of it.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

5. The Seven Letters to the Churches in the Book of Revelation Chapter 2 Chapter 3 1 “To the angel of the 8 “And to the 12 “And to the angel of the church 18 “And to the angel of the 1 “And to the angel 7 “And to the angel of the 14 “And to the angel of church of Ephesus angel of the in Pergamos write, “These things church in Thyatira write, of the church in church in Philadelphia the church of the write, “These things church in says He who has the sharp two- “These things says the Son Sardis write, write, “These things says Laodiceans write, says He who holds the Smyrna write, edged sword: of God, who has eyes like “These things says He who is holy, He who “These things says the seven stars in His right “These things aflame of fire, and His feet He who has the is true, “He who has the Amen, the Faithful and hand, who walks in the says the First and like fine seven Spirits of God key of David, He who True Witness, the midst of the seven the Last, who brass: and the seven stars: opens and no one shuts, Beginning of the creation golden lampstands: was dead, and and shuts and no one of God: came to life: opens”:

2 “I know your works, 9 “I know your 13 “I know your works, and 19 “I know your works, “I know your 8 “I know your works. 15 “I know your works, your labor, your works, where you dwell, where Satan’s love, service, faith, and your works, See, I have set before you that you are neither cold patience, and that you tribulation, and throne is. patience; and as for your that you have a an open door, and no one nor hot. I could wish you cannot bear those who poverty (but you And you hold fast to My name, and works, the last are more than name that you are can shut it; for you have a were cold or hot. are evil. And you have are rich); and I did not deny My faith even in the the first. alive, but you are little strength, have kept tested those who say know the days in which Antipas was My dead. My word, and have not they are apostles and are blasphemy of faithful martyr, who was killed denied My name. 9 not, and have found those who say among you, where Satan dwells. Indeed I will make those them liars; 3 and you they are Jews and of the synagogue of have persevered and are not, but are Satan, who say they are have patience, and have a synagogue of Jews and are not, but labored for My name’s Satan. 10 Do not lie—indeed I will make sake and have not fear any of those them come and worship become weary. things which you before your feet, and to are about to know that I have loved suffer. Indeed, you. 10 Because you the devil is about have kept My command to throw some of to persevere, I also will you into prison, keep you from the hour that you may be of trial which shall come tested, and you upon the whole world, to will have test those who dwell on tribulation ten the earth. 11 Behold, I am days. Be faithful coming quickly! Hold until death, and I fast what you have, that will give you the no one may take your crown crown. of life.

4 Nevertheless I have 14 But I have a few things against 20 Nevertheless I have a few 2 Be watchful, and 16 So then, because you this against you, that you, because you have there those things against you, because strengthen the are lukewarm, and neither you have left your first who hold the doctrine of Balaam, you allow that woman things which cold nor hot, I will vomit

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love. who taught Balak to put a Jezebel, who calls herself a remain, that are you out of My mouth. 17 5 Remember therefore stumbling block before the children prophetess, to teach and ready to die, for I Because you say, “I am from where you have of Israel, seduce My servants to have not found your rich, have fallen; repent and do the to eat things sacrificed to idols, and commit sexual immorality works perfect become wealthy, and first works, or else I will to commit sexual immorality. and eat things sacrificed to before God. have need of nothing’— come to you quickly and 15 Thus you also have those who idols. 21 And I gave her 3 Remember and do not know that you remove your lampstand hold the doctrine of the Nicolaitans, time to repent of her sexual therefore how you are wretched, miserable, from its place—unless which thing I hate. 16 Repent, or immorality, and she did not have received and poor, blind, and naked— you repent. 6 But this else I will come to you repent.22 Indeed I will cast heard; hold fast and 18 I counsel you to buy you have, that you hate quickly and will fight against them her into a sickbed, and those repent. Therefore if from Me gold refined in the deeds of the with the sword of My mouth. who commit adultery with you will not watch, the fire, that you may be Nicolaitans, which I her into great tribulation, I will come upon rich; and white garments, also hate. unless they repent of their you as a thief, and that you may be clothed, deeds. 23 I will kill her you will not know that the shame of your children with death, and all what hour I will nakedness may not be the churches shall know that come upon you. revealed; and anoint your I am He who searches the 4 You have a few eyes with eye salve, that minds and hearts. And I will names even in you may see. 19 As many give to each one of you Sardis who have not as I love, I rebuke and according to your works. 24 defiled their gar - chasten. Therefore be “Now to you I say, and to ments; and they zealous and repent. the rest in Thyatira, as many shall walk with Me 20 Behold, I stand at the as do not have this doctrine, in white, for they door and knock. If who have not known the are worthy. anyone hears My voice depths of Satan, as they say, and opens the door, I will I will put on you no other come in to him and dine burden. 25 But hold fast with him, and he with what you have till I come. Me. 7 “He who has an ear, 11 “He who has 17 “He who has an ear, let him 26 And he who overcomes, 5 He who 12 He who overcomes, I 21 To him who let him hear what the an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the and keeps My works until overcomes shall be will make him a pillar in overcomes I will Spirit says to the hear what the churches. To him who overcomes I the end, to him I will give clothed in white the temple of My God, grant to sit with Me on churches. To him who Spirit says to the will give power over the nations—27 garments, and I will and he shall go out no My throne, as overcomes I will give to churches. some of the hidden manna to eat. “He shall rule them with a not blot out his more. I will write on him I also overcame and sat eat from the tree of life, He who And I will give him a white stone, rod of iron; They shall be name from the the name of My God and down with which is in the midst of overcomes shall and on the stone a new name dashed to pieces like the Book the name of the city of My Father on His throne. the Paradise of God.”‘ not be hurt written which no one knows except potter’s vessels’ — as I also of Life; but I will My God, the New 22 “He who has an ear, by the second him who receives it.”‘ have received from My confess his name Jerusalem, which comes let him hear what the death.”‘ Father; 28 and I will give before My Father down out of heaven from Spirit says to the him the morning star. and before His My God. And I will write churches. 29 “He who has an ear, let angels. on him My new name. him hear what the Spirit 6 “He who has an 13 “He who has an ear, says to the churches.”‘ ear, let him hear let him hear what the what the Spirit says Spirit says to the to the churches.”‘ churches.”‘

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Satan’s Seat

The letter to the third church, Pergamos, has a very interesting reference.

12 “And to the angel of the church in Pergamos write, “These things says He who has the sharp two-edged sword: 13 “I know your works, and where you dwell, where Satan’s throne is. And you hold fast to My name, and did not deny My faith even in the days in which Antipas was My faithful martyr, who was killed among you, where Satan dwells.” (Rev. 2:12-13)

This passage mentions “Satan’s throne’ or “where Satan dwells”. This is quite a significant statement. The ancient Greek city of Pergamon or Pergamum (in modern day Aeolis, Turkey) was the capital city of the Kingdom of Pergamon under the Attalid dynasty during the Hellenistic period (281 – 133 BC). The Great Altar of Pergamon was dedicated to Zeus, whom John equates with Satan. In 1886 the German engineer Carl Humann moved it to the Pergamon Museum on Berlin’s Museum Island. It is still there. The Altar was the inspiration for Albert Speer’s design of the Zeppelin Tribune at Nuremburg, which became a venue for Nazi rallies. Satan’s Seat therefore symbolized Nazi power.

The Nazi Revival

It is very common for many Conservatives to continue warning about the revival of Communist Socialism. However, in reality, what is happening all over the world is a somewhat more subtle and nefarious shift back to National Socialism (more commonly known as Nazism). China has moved from forbidding corporations to controlling them, just like the Nazis did. America has bailed out banks and car manufacturers, with the government being a significant investor. This is National Socialism, not Communist Socialism.

Communist Socialism and National Socialism, although they are portrayed on opposite (left-right) poles of the political spectrum, are actually ideologically close cousins. Both have the goal of control, though through different spheres (economic-social), and both were originally financed through wealthy Wall Street and London financiers, as many academics have shown. Indeed, big business flourishes under National Socialism, as many former Nazi corporations have demonstrated. Nazis and big business feed on each other.

Communist Socialism has never been achieved. The idealized rule by the people in communes was always usurped by central party control. Even Stalin admitted that Communism could never fully be implemented due to the continual need for centralized governance. Of course, this was simply an excuse for his totalitarian control of the USSR. Chairman Mao, Fidel Castro and other Communist leaders all had the same experience. Communism had died a natural death by feeding upon itself to the point of starvation.

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However, National Socialism is alive and well today. There is a distinguishable resurgence of activist movements of National Socialism all over the world. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy certainly achieved it very successfully. Many South American countries, with thousands of Nazi political refugees, have accomplished it. Peron fostered Nazism for over a decade after the Second World War. The dictatorships of South America were largely modeled after Nazi Germany. All were very successful while they lasted and could stem the democratic tide.

Falangism has long been a significant presence in Spain, South America and the Middle East. The Muslim Brotherhood was strongly influenced by former Nazis after the Second World War, and it is gaining ascendancy today all over the Middle East. Many Middle Eastern countries have lived with defacto Nazi dictatorships for decades and are still trying to break free of them, only to be enslaved by the Theocratic version of Nazism in the masked totalitarianism of the Islamic Brotherhood. Time will see this mask dropped.

The situation in Europe is more worrying. Far right groups are gaining popular support in almost every European country, as the groundswell against foreign immigration and the credit crisis gains momentum. Recent elections in Holland, Belgium, Austria and Switzerland, to name but a few, have seen a significant swing to the right. Embattled Greece is being taken over by the Golden Dawn movement, an overtly National Socialist organization that has popular support. Europeans do not learn from history.

The European Union is fast becoming a Fascist state under the strict control of Germany. What the Germans could not achieve through two world wars by military force, they are now achieving through ‘security’, ‘unity’ and ‘peace’ (as the Nobel Peace Prize committee would have us believe). It is certainly true that the southern European countries (and even Britain) are in an economic mess, but is it only the Germans that can really sort out this mess? Apparently Hitler and his heirs would enthusiastically answer in the affirmative.

The modern Nazis represent the Second Beast of Revelation 12 that will enforce the Mark of the (First) Beast and bring about the Great Tribulation.

11 Then I saw another beast coming up out of the earth, and he had two horns like a lamb and spoke like a dragon. 12 And he exercises all the authority of the first beast in his presence, and causes the earth and those who dwell in it to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed. 13 He performs great signs, so that he even makes fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men. 14 And he deceives those who dwell on the earth by those signs which he was granted to do in the sight of the beast, telling those who dwell on the earth to make an image to the beast who was wounded by the sword and lived. 15 He was granted power to give breath to the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak and cause as many as would not worship the image of the beast to be killed. 16 He causes all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, 17 and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. (Rev. 13:11-18)

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5. The Great Tribulation Chronology in the Book of Revelation

For years I tried to distill from the Scriptures a chronological breakdown of the events of the end of time. This is not an easy task because, except in one place, there is no easy order that gives clarity of the end. There are many distinct trends and a few definite events that mark the time of the end. At the end of this book I have outlined a list of 39 trends and events in relative Biblical sequence. How did I get to this?

The Book of Revelation is a difficult piece of Scripture to understand, but a cursory reading will show certain patterns. The Apocalypse has two very definite pairs of cycles of corresponding sets of Sevens. The following diagram illustrates the pattern.

The First Cycle corresponds with The Second Cycle

7 Seals (Rev 6: 1-17) => 7 Angels (Rev 14:6-20)

The 7th Seal opens: The 7th Angel opens:

7 Trumpets (Rev 8:1-9:15) => 7 Bowls (Rev 16:2-17)

The correlation between the Seals (ch. 6) and the Angels (ch. 14) is not initially evident, but the near identical content of the Trumpets (ch. 8) and the Bowls (ch. 16) is unmissable. This is the key to the prophetic chronology of the Book of Revelation.

Seeing the pattern works best if you read backwards from the Seventh (Last) Trumpet (ch. 8) and Seventh Bowl (ch.16). Both deal with the Final Wrath Judgement of God on the Earth and this is the last judgement of God on the earth. The Rapture will happen AT the Second Coming at the end of the Great Tribulation, but BEFORE the Final Wrath Judgement of God on the earth. It has not happened yet.

The Sixth Trumpet (ch. 8) and Sixth Bowl (ch. 16) deal with the drying up of the Euphrates, the Coming of the Kings of the East and the Battle of Armageddon. These events immediately precede the Rapture and Second Coming. The Rapture will not happen until the Kings of the East gather at Armageddon. It has not happened yet.

The Fifth Trumpet and Fifth Bowl deal with the torture and suffering of unbelievers for 5 (probably literal) months. The Fourth Trumpet and Fourth Bowl deal with the scorching heat of the Sun and its complete darkness. The Third Trumpet and Third Bowl deal with fresh water rivers and springs poisoned and turning to blood. The Second Trumpet and Second Bowl deal with the destruction of marine life from a third to all of it. It has not happened yet, but estimates are that by 2050 our oceans will be depleted.

Reading backwards from this clear correlation we can deduce that the rest of these two pairs of parallel passages are most likely inextricably linked, particularly as the Seventh Seal leads to the Seven Trumpets, and the Seventh Angel with a sickle leads to the Seven Angelic Bowls of Judgement.

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Read the two pairs of passages in sequence both forwards and backwards in the next few pages. These things have all not yet happened, certainly not on the scale that the Bible predicts.

This is not an innovation on my part, nor is it a new observation. Victorinus of Poetovio (3rd century), commonly known as "The first Latin exegete of the Bible", wrote one of the first expositions of the Book of Revelation in his “Commentary on the Apocalypse”. He was also one of the first to recognize the connection between the ‘trumpets’ and the ‘bowls’.

And the trumpet is the word of power. And it may be repeating by the bowls, not as though it was said twice, but because what will happen only once, it is decreed by God that it will be, therefore it is said twice. Accordingly, whatever was said in the trumpets less, it was said in the bowls more. Neither (should you be) regarding the order of sayings, because the sevenfold Holy Spirit, where He hurries through to the final times and the end, returns back to the same time and adds to what little He said. Nor (should you be) seeking order in the Apocalypse, for that is also false prophecy; rather be seeking the meaning. (8:2)

This is the key to the prophetic chronology of the Book of Revelation. Skim through the next section in this book to the end, and then skim through it in reverse. There is a clear chronology here, hence the numbers that are given. As you take each step back ask yourself the question: Have we seen this happen yet on the scale that Scripture suggests?

Starting with the first angel with the sickle, clearly this scripture has not yet been fulfilled yet.

6 Then I saw another angel flying directly overhead, and he had an eternal gospel to proclaim to those who live on the earth – to every nation, tribe, language, and people. 7 He declared in a loud voice: “Fear God and give him glory, because the hour of his judgment has arrived, and worship the one who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water!” (Rev. 14:6&7)

Global mission agencies tell us that we are on the verge of reaching “every nation, tribe, language, and people” (6a). The advent of Christian television is enabling this through satellite television, which is reaching even the most remote areas of the world. Even extremely resistant Muslim areas in very difficult to reach regions have access to a wide range of Christian programming, some of it good, but some of it very embarrassing. Once we have reached the whole world, the Great Tribulation will begin and Jesus will open the Seven Seals of God’s Judgement.

Now read through these passages for yourself and note the clear patterns that emerge.

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First 7 Seals of Scroll and then 7 Angels with Trumpets/First 7 Angels with Sickles and then 7 Angelic Bowls

Rev 6: 1-17 7 Seals of the Scroll 7 Angels Rev 14:6 - 20 Rev 8:1 – 9:15 7 Angelic Trumpets 7 Angel Bowls Rev 16:2 - 17 5:1 Then I saw in the right hand of the one who was seated The Lamb (Jesus) on the throne a scroll written on the front and back and is the only one sealed with seven seals. 5:2 And I saw a powerful angel worthy to open each proclaiming in a loud voice: “Who is worthy to open the of the Seven Seals scroll and to break its seals?” 5:3 But no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll or look into it. 5:4 So I began weeping bitterly because no one was found who was worthy to open the scroll or to look into it. 5:5 Then one of the elders said to me, “Stop weeping! Look, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the root of David, has conquered; thus he can open the scroll and its seven seals.” First Angel 14:6 Then I saw another angel flying directly overhead, and he (Gospel had an eternal gospel to proclaim to those who live on the earth spreads to all – to every nation, tribe, language, and people. 14:7 He declared tribes, tongues in a loud voice: “Fear God and give him glory, because the hour and nations) of his judgment has arrived, and worship the one who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water!” 6:1 I looked on when the Lamb opened one of the seven First Seal seals, and I heard one of the four living creatures saying (White Horse) with a thunderous voice, “Come!” 6:2 So I looked, and here [Conqueror] came a white horse! The one who rode it had a bow, and he was given a crown, and as a conqueror he rode out to conquer. Second Angel 14:8 A second angel followed the first, declaring: “Fallen, (Babylon falls) fallen is Babylon the great city! She made all the nations drink of the wine of her immoral passion.” 6:3 Then when the Lamb opened the second seal, I heard the Second Seal second living creature saying, “Come!” 6:4 And another (Red Horse) horse, fiery red, came out, and the one who rode it was [Third World War] granted permission to take peace from the earth, so that people would butcher one another, and he was given a huge sword.

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Third Angel 14:9 A third angel followed the first two, declaring in a loud (The Mark of voice: “If anyone worships the beast and his image, and takes the Beast the mark on his forehead or his hand, 14:10 that person will enforced) also drink of the wine of God’s anger that has been mixed undiluted in the cup of his wrath, and he will be tortured with fire and sulfur in front of the holy angels and in front of the Lamb. 14:11 And the smoke from their torture will go up forever and ever, and those who worship the beast and his image will have no rest day or night, along with anyone who receives the mark of his name.” 14:12 This requires the steadfast endurance of the saints – those who obey God’s commandments and hold to their faith in Jesus. 14:13 Then I heard a voice from heaven say, “Write this: ‘Blessed are the dead, those who die in the Lord from this moment on!’” “Yes,” says the Spirit, “so they can rest from their hard work, because their deeds will follow them.” 14:14 Then I looked, and a white cloud appeared, and seated on the cloud was one like a son of man! He had a golden crown on his head and a sharp sickle in his hand. 6:5 Then when the Lamb opened the third seal I heard the Third Seal third living creature saying, “Come!” So I looked, and here (Black horse) came a black horse! The one who rode it had a balance [Calculating the scale in his hand. 6:6 Then I heard something like a voice cost] from among the four living creatures saying, “A quart of wheat will cost a day’s pay and three quarts of barley will cost a day’s pay. But do not damage the olive oil and the wine!” Fourth Angel 14:15 Then another angel came out of the temple, shouting in a (Command to loud voice to the one seated on the cloud, “Use your sickle and reap harvest) start to reap, because the time to reap has come, since the earth’s harvest is ripe!” 6:7 Then when the Lamb opened the fourth seal I heard the Fourth Seal voice of the fourth living creature saying, “Come!” 6:8 So I (Pale green horse) looked and here came a pale green horse! The name of the [Death by sword, one who rode it was Death, and Hades followed right famine, disease and behind. They were given authority over a fourth of the earth, wild animals] to kill its population with the sword, famine, and disease, and by the wild animals of the earth. Fifth Angel 14:16 So the one seated on the cloud swung his sickle over the (Reap harvest) earth, and the earth was reaped.

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6:9 Now when the Lamb opened the fifth seal, I saw under Fifth Seal the altar the souls of those who had been violently killed (Martyrs) because of the word of God and because of the testimony they had given. 6:10 They cried out with a loud voice, “How long, Sovereign Master, holy and true, before you judge those who live on the earth and avenge our blood?” 6:11 Each of them was given a long white robe and they were told to rest for a little longer, until the full number was reached of both their fellow servants and their brothers who were going to be killed just as they had been. Sixth Angel 14:17 Then another angel came out of the temple in heaven, (Prepares to and he too had a sharp sickle. reap again) 6:12 Then I looked when the Lamb opened the sixth seal, Sixth Seal and a huge earthquake took place; the sun became as (Natural disasters) black as sackcloth made of hair, and the full moon became blood red; 6:13 and the stars in the sky fell to the earth like a Earthquake fig tree dropping its unripe figs when shaken by a fierce wind. 6:14 The sky was split apart like a scroll being rolled Sun darkened up, and every mountain and island was moved from its Moon reddened place. 6:15 Then the kings of the earth, the very important

people, the generals, the rich, the powerful, and everyone, Falling stars slave and free, hid themselves in the caves and among the

rocks of the mountains. 6:16 They said to the mountains and Mountains move to the rocks, “Fall on us and hide us from the face of the one who is seated on the throne and from the wrath of the Lamb, Islands disappear 6:17 because the great day of their wrath has come, and who (tsunamis) is able to withstand it?” People hide Seventh Angel 14:18 Another angel, who was in charge of the fire, came from (Another the altar and called in a loud voice to the angel who had the reaping) sharp sickle, “Use your sharp sickle and gather the clusters of grapes off the vine of the earth, because its grapes are now ripe.” 14:19 So the [sixth] angel swung his sickle over the earth and gathered the grapes from the vineyard of the earth and tossed them into the great winepress of the wrath of God. 14:20 Then the winepress was stomped outside the city, and blood poured out of the winepress up to the height of horses’ bridles for a distance of almost two hundred miles.

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7:1 After this I saw four angels standing at the four corners The 144 000 (Jews) The Two 11:1 Then a measuring rod like a staff was given to me, and I of the earth, holding back the four winds of the earth so no and the Multitude Witnesses in was told, “Get up and measure the temple of God, and the altar, wind could blow on the earth, on the sea, or on any tree. 7:2 from the Nations Jerusalem and the ones who worship there. 11:2 But do not measure the Then I saw another angel ascending from the east, who had (Gentiles) who have (Jews and outer courtyard of the temple; leave it out, because it has been the seal of the living God. He shouted out with a loud voice come out of the Gentiles) given to the Gentiles, and they will trample on the holy city for to the four angels who had been given permission to damage Great Tribulation persecuted and forty two months. 1:3 And I will grant my two witnesses the earth and the sea: 7:3 “Do not damage the earth or the killed 3 ½ authority to prophesy for 1,260 days, dressed in sackcloth. 11:4 sea or the trees until we have put a seal on the foreheads years before (These are the two olive trees and the two lamp stands that stand the Rapture of of the servants of our God.” 7:4 Now I heard the number of before the Lord of the earth.) 11:5 If anyone wants to harm the Saints and those who were marked with the seal, one hundred and them, fire comes out of their mouths and completely consumes the Final forty-four thousand, sealed from all the tribes of the people Wrath their enemies. If anyone wants to harm them, they must be of Israel… killed this way. 11:6 These two have the power to close up the 7:9 After these things I looked, and here was an enormous sky so that it does not rain during the time they are prophesying. crowd that no one could count, made up of persons from They have power to turn the waters to blood and to strike the every nation, tribe, people, and language, standing before earth with every kind of plague whenever they want. 11:7 When the throne and before the Lamb dressed in long white robes, they have completed their testimony, the beast that comes up and with palm branches in their hands. 7:10 They were from the abyss will make war on them and conquer them and shouting out in a loud voice, “Salvation belongs to our God, kill them. 11:8 Their corpses will lie in the street of the great to the one seated on the throne, and to the Lamb!” 7:11 And city that is symbolically called Sodom and Egypt, where their all the angels stood there in a circle around the throne and Lord was also crucified. 11:9 For three and a half days those around the elders and the four living creatures, and they from every people, tribe, nation, and language will look at their threw themselves down with their faces to the ground before corpses, because they will not permit them to be placed in a the throne and worshiped God, 7:12 saying, “Amen! Praise tomb. 11:10 And those who live on the earth will rejoice over and glory, and wisdom and thanksgiving, and honor and them and celebrate, even sending gifts to each other, because power and strength be to our God for ever and ever. Amen!” these two prophets had tormented those who live on the earth. 7:13 Then one of the elders asked me, “These dressed in 11:11 But after three and a half days a breath of life from God long white robes – who are they and where have they come entered them, and they stood on their feet, and tremendous fear from?” 7:14 So I said to him, “My lord, you know the seized those who were watching them. 11:12 Then they heard a answer.” Then he said to me, “These are the ones who loud voice from heaven saying to them: “Come up here!” So the have come out of the great tribulation. They have washed two prophets went up to heaven in a cloud while their enemies their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb! stared at them. 11:13 Just then a major earthquake took place 7:15 For this reason they are before the throne of God, and and a tenth of the city collapsed; seven thousand people were they serve him day and night in his temple, and the one killed in the earthquake, and the rest were terrified and gave seated on the throne will shelter them. 7:16 They will never glory to the God of heaven. go hungry or be thirsty again, and the sun will not beat down on them, nor any burning heat, 7:17 because the Lamb in the middle of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to springs of living water, and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.”

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

The Seven Final Angelic Trumpets of the Seventh Seal Seventh Seal The Seven Angelic Bowls of Judgement (Seven Trumpets) (Seven Bowls) 8:1 Now when the Lamb opened the seventh seal there was silence in heaven for about half an hour. 8:2 Then I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and seven trumpets were given to them. 8:3 Another angel holding a golden censer came and was stationed at the altar. A large amount of incense was given to him to offer up, with the prayers of all the saints, on the golden altar that is before the throne. 8:4 The smoke coming from the incense, along with the prayers of the saints, ascended before God from the angel’s hand. 8:5 Then the angel took the censer, filled it with fire from the altar, and threw it on the earth, and there were crashes of thunder, roaring, flashes of lightning, and an earthquake. 8:7 The first angel blew his trumpet, and there was hail and First Trumpet First Bowl 16:2 So the first angel went and poured out his bowl on the fire mixed with blood, and it was thrown at the earth so that Hail & fire (Sores on beast earth. Then ugly and painful sores appeared on the people who a third of the earth was burned up, a third of the trees were Flora burnt followers) had the mark of the beast and who worshiped his image. burned up, and all the green grass was burned up. (One Third) 8:8 Then the second angel blew his trumpet, and something Second Trumpet Second Bowl 16:3 Next, the second angel poured out his bowl on the like a great mountain of burning fire was thrown into the Meteorite into sea Destruction of sea and it turned into blood, like that of a corpse, and sea. A third of the sea became blood, 8:9 and a third of Marine life all marine life every living creature that was in the sea died. the creatures living in the sea died, and a third of the destroyed (eventually) ships were completely destroyed. (one third) 8:10 Then the third angel blew his trumpet, and a huge star Third Trumpet Third Bowl 16:4 Then the third angel poured out his bowl on the rivers burning like a torch fell from the sky; it landed on a third of A huge star burns and the springs of water, and they turned into blood. 16:5 Now the rivers and on the springs of water. 8:11 (Now the like a torch I heard the angel of the waters saying: “You are just – the one name of the star is Wormwood.) So a third of the waters who is and who was, the Holy One – because you have passed became wormwood, and many people died from these Rivers and springs Rivers and these judgments, 16:6 because they poured out the blood of your waters because they were poisoned. poisoned springs blood saints and prophets, so you have given them blood to drink. They got what they deserved!” 16:7 Then I heard the altar reply, “Yes, Lord God, the All-Powerful, your judgments are true and just!” 8:12 Then the fourth angel blew his trumpet, and a third of Fourth Trumpet Fourth Bowl 16:8 Then the fourth angel poured out his bowl on the sun, and the sun was struck, and a third of the moon, and a third of Sun, moon and stars Sun scorches it was permitted to scorch people with fire. 16:9 Thus people the stars, so that a third of them were darkened. And there darkened with terrible were scorched by the terrible heat, yet they blasphemed the was no light for a third of the day and for a third of the night heat name of God, who has ruling authority over these plagues, and likewise. 8:13 Then I looked, and I heard an eagle flying they would not repent and give him glory. directly overhead, proclaiming with a loud voice, “Woe!

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Woe! Woe to those who live on the earth because of the remaining sounds of the trumpets of the three angels who are about to blow them!” 9:1 Then the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star Fifth Trumpet Fifth Bowl 16:10 Then the fifth angel poured out his bowl on the throne of that had fallen from the sky to the earth, and he was given Torture of Darkness with the beast so that darkness covered his kingdom, and people the key to the shaft of the abyss. 9:2 He opened the shaft of unbelievers for by pain and began to bite their tongues because of their pain. 16:11 They the abyss and smoke rose out of it like smoke from a giant locust demons suffering of blasphemed the God of heaven because of their sufferings and furnace. The sun and the air were darkened with smoke unbelievers because of their sores, but nevertheless they still refused to from the shaft. 9:3 Then out of the smoke came locusts onto Five (literal) months repent of their deeds. the earth, and they were given power like that of the scorpions of the earth. 9:4 They were told not to damage the grass of the earth, or any green plant or tree, but only those people who did not have the seal of God on their forehead. 9:5 The locusts were not given permission to kill them, but only to torture them for five months, and their torture was like that of a scorpion when it stings a person. 9:6 In those days people will seek death, but will not be able to find it; they will long to die, but death will flee from them. 9:7 Now the locusts looked like horses equipped for battle. On their heads were something like crowns similar to gold, and their faces looked like men’s faces. 9:8 They had hair like women’s hair, and their teeth were like lions’ teeth. 9:9 They had breastplates like iron breastplates, and the sound of their wings was like the noise of many horse-drawn chariots charging into battle. 9:10 They have tails and stingers like scorpions, and their ability to injure people for five months is in their tails. 9:11 They have as king over them the angel of the abyss, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, and in Greek, Apollyon. 9:12 The first woe has passed, but two woes are still coming after these things! 9:13 Then the sixth angel blew his trumpet, and I heard a Sixth Trumpet Sixth Bowl 16:12 Then the sixth angel poured out his bowl on the great single voice coming from the horns on the golden altar that Kings of East Kings of East river Euphrates and dried up its water to prepare the way for is before God, 9:14 saying to the sixth angel, the one holding gathered across the gathered the kings from the east. 16:13 Then I saw three unclean spirits the trumpet, “Set free the four angels who are bound at the Euphrates across the that looked like frogs coming out of the mouth of the dragon, great river Euphrates!” Euphrates out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. 16:14 For they are the spirits of the demons performing signs who go out to the kings of the earth to bring them together for the battle that will take place on the great day of

God, the All-Powerful. 16:15 (Look! I will come like a thief!

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

9:15 Then the four angels who had been prepared for this The Battle of The Battle of Blessed is the one who stays alert and does not lose his clothes hour, day, month, and year were set free to kill a third of Armageddon Armageddon so that he will not have to walk around naked and his shameful humanity. 9:16 The number of soldiers on horseback was condition be seen.) 16:16 Now the spirits gathered the kings and two hundred million; I heard their number. 9:17 Now this is their armies to the place that is called Armageddon in what the horses and their riders looked like in my vision: Hebrew. The riders had breastplates that were fiery red, dark blue, and sulfurous yellow in color. The heads of the horses looked like lions’ heads, and fire, smoke, and sulfur came

out of their mouths. 9:18 A third of humanity was killed by these three plagues, that is, by the fire, the smoke, and the sulfur that came out of their mouths. 9:19 For the power of the horses resides in their mouths and in their tails, because their tails are like snakes, having heads that inflict injuries. 9:20 The rest of humanity, who had not been killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands, so that they did not stop worshiping demons and idols made of gold, silver, bronze, stone, and wood – idols that cannot see or hear or walk about. 9:21 Furthermore, they did not repent of their murders, of their magic spells, of their sexual immorality, or of their stealing. 11:15 Then the seventh angel blew his trumpet, and there Seventh Trumpet Seventh Bowl 16:17 Finally the seventh angel poured out his bowl into the air were loud voices in heaven saying: “The kingdom of the (Last Trumpet) (Last Bowl) and a loud voice came out of the temple from the throne, saying: world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his “It is done!” Christ, and he will reign for ever and ever.” 11:16 Then the twenty-four elders who are seated on their thrones before God threw themselves down with their faces to the ground and worshiped God 11:17 with these words: “We give you thanks, Lord God, the All-Powerful, the one who is and who was, because you have taken your great power and begun to 16:18 Then there were flashes of lightening, roaring, and reign. 11:18 The nations were enraged, but your wrath has crashes of thunder, and there was a tremendous earthquake –

come, and the time has come for the dead to be judged, First Resurrection an earthquake unequaled since humanity has been on the and the time has come to give to your servants, the earth, so tremendous was that earthquake. 16:19 The great city prophets, their reward, as well as to the saints and to was split into three parts and the cities of the nations collapsed. those who revere your name, both small and great, and Final Wrath: Final Wrath: So Babylon the great was remembered before God, and was the time has come to destroy those who destroy the earth.” Lightening, Lightening, given the cup filled with the wine made of God’s furious wrath. 11:19 Then the temple of God in heaven was opened and the Roaring, Roaring, 16:20 Every island fled away and no mountains could be found. ark of his covenant was visible within his temple. And there Thunder, Thunder, 16:21 And gigantic hailstones, weighing about a hundred were flashes of lightning, roaring, crashes of thunder, an Earthquake, Earthquake, pounds each, fell from heaven on people, but they blasphemed earthquake, and a great hailstorm. Hailstones Hailstones God because of the plague of hail, since it was so horrendous.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

7. The Synoptic Gospel Narrative Accounts of Jesus’ Prophecies

(A Comparison of Jesus’ Final Words Before His Crucifixion)

The synoptic gospels have similar parallel accounts of the events and trends of the end of time. This chart puts them next to each other where they match in content. Though they are not strictly chronological, the similarities with each other and the Revelation passages already studied are unmistakable. The end of this book will integrate them all into a chronological sequence of events.

Matthew 24:1 - 44 Mark 13:1 - 37 Luke 21:5 - 33 Commentary 24:1 Now as Jesus was going 13:1 Now as Jesus was going 21:5 Now while some were This has not yet out of the temple courts and out of the temple courts, one speaking about the temple, happened. The walking away, his disciples of his disciples said to him, how it was adorned with destruction of the came to show him the “Teacher, look at these beautiful stones and Jewish temple occurred temple buildings. 24:2 And tremendous stones and offerings, Jesus said, 21:6 in 70 AD. The Western he said to them, “Do you see buildings!” 13:2 Jesus said to “As for these things that (Wailing) wall was part all these things? I tell you him, “Do you see these great you are gazing at, the days of the temple complex, the truth, not one stone will buildings? Not one stone will come when not one and that was not be left on another. All will will be left on another. All stone will be left on another. destroyed. There is still be torn down!” will be torn down!” All will be torn down!” a time coming that will fulfill this. 24:3 As he was sitting on the 13:3 So while he was sitting 21:7 So they asked him, 3 Questions: Mount of Olives, his on the Mount of Olives “Teacher, when will these (All) disciples came to him opposite the temple, Peter, things happen? And what 1. Destruction of privately and said, “Tell us, James, John, and Andrew will be the sign that these Jewish Temple when will these things asked him privately, 13:4 things are about to take (Matthew) happen? And what will be “Tell us, when will these place?” 2. His (2nd) Coming the sign of your coming and things happen? And what 3. End of the Age of the end of the age?” will be the sign that all these All three stages are things are about to take expounded here. place?” 24:4 Jesus answered them, 13:5 Jesus began to say to 21:8 He said, “Watch out “Watch out that no one them, “Watch out that no that you are not misled. For False Christs misleads you. 24:5 For one misleads you. 13:6 many will come in my many will come in my name, Many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’ Deceivers (mislead) saying, ‘I am the Christ,’ and name, saying, ‘I am he,’ and and, ‘The time is near.’ Do they will mislead many. they will mislead many. not follow them! 24:6 You will hear of wars 13:7 When you hear of wars 21:9 And when you hear of Wars and rumors of wars. Make and rumors of wars, do not wars and rebellions, do not Rumours of Wars sure that you are not be alarmed. These things be afraid. For these things Rebellions alarmed, for this must must happen, but the end is must happen first, but the happen, but the end is still to still to come. end will not come at once.” come. 24:7 For nation will rise up 13:8a For nation will rise up 21:10 Then he said to them, Inter-National Wars in arms against nation, and in arms against nation, and “Nation will rise up in arms kingdom against kingdom. kingdom against kingdom. against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. And there will be famines 13:8b There will be 21:11 There will be great Famines and earthquakes in various earthquakes in various earthquakes, and famines Earthquakes places. places, and there will be and plagues in various Plagues famines. places, and there will be terrifying Signs & sights in sights and great signs from heaven heaven. 24:8 All these things are the 13:8c These are but the These are just birth beginning of birth pains. beginning of birth pains. pains

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

13:9 “You must watch out A warning for us all. for yourselves. 24:9a “Then they will hand You will be handed over to 21:12 But before all this, Handed over you over to be persecuted councils and beaten in the they will seize you and Brought to leaders and will kill you. synagogues. You will stand persecute you, handing you Be witnesses before governors and kings over to the synagogues and because of me, as a witness prisons. You will be to them. brought before kings and governors because of my name. 21:13 This will be a time for you to serve as [See verse 10 below] witnesses. 24:10 Then many will be led Falling Away into sin, and they will (Apostasy) betray one another and hate Betrayal one another. 24:11 And False prophets many false prophets will Deception appear and deceive Lawlessness many,24:12 and because Falling Away lawlessness will increase so much, the love of many will grow cold. 13:11 When they arrest you 21:14 Therefore be resolved Do not worry about and hand you over for trial, not to rehearse ahead of what you will say as do not worry about what to time how to make your the Holy Spirit will speak. But say whatever is defense. 21:15 For I will speak through you given you at that time, for it give you the words along is not you speaking, but the with the wisdom that none Holy Spirit. of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict. 13:12 Brother will hand 21:16 You will be betrayed Betrayal by family and over brother to death, and a even by parents, brothers, friends, even to death. father his child. Children relatives, and friends, and will rise against parents and they will have some of you have them put to death. put to death. 24:9b You will be hated by 13:13 You will be hated by 21:17 You will be hated by You will be hated by all the nations because of my everyone because of my everyone because of my everyone because of name. name. name. Jesus. 21:18 Yet not a hair of your You will be protected. head will perish. 24:13 But the person who But the one who endures to 21:19 By your endurance Those who endure to endures to the end will be the end will be saved. you will gain your lives. the end will be saved. saved. 24:14 And this gospel of the [13:10 First the gospel must Gospel Preached to all kingdom will be preached be preached to all nations.] Nations throughout the whole inhabited earth as a testimony to all the nations, and then the end will come. Then the end comes. 24:15 “So when you see the 13:14a “But when you see 21:20 “But when you see The Third Temple abomination of desolation the abomination of Jerusalem surrounded by (Dan. 11:31-35), not – spoken about by Daniel the desolation standing where it armies, then know that its the Second Temple of prophet – standing in the should not be (let the reader desolation has come near. the Seventy Weeks holy place (let the reader understand), (Dan. 9:27b). understand), 24:16 then those in Judea 13:14b then those in Judea 21:21a Then those who are Flee to the mountains. must flee to the mountains. must flee to the mountains. in Judea must flee to the mountains.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

24:17 The one on the roof 13:15 The one on the roof Do not be distracted. must not come down to take must not come down or go anything out of his house, inside to take anything out of 24:18 and the one in the field his house. 13:16 The one in must not turn back to get his the field must not turn back cloak. to get his cloak. 21:21b Those who are Flee from the city to inside the city must depart. the country. Those who are out in the country must not enter it, 21:22 because these are days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written. 24:19 Woe to those who are 13:17 Woe to those who are 21:23a Woe to those who pregnant and to those who pregnant and to those who are pregnant and to those Pregnancy are nursing their babies in are nursing their babies in who are nursing their Breastfeeding those days! those days! babies in those days! 24:20 Pray that your flight 13:18 Pray that it may not be Pray its not in winter may not be in winter or on in winter. a Sabbath. 21:23b For there will be great distress on the earth 21:23c and wrath against this people. 21:24a They will fall by the edge of the sword and 21:24b be led away as captives among all nations. 21:24c Jerusalem will be trampled down by the Gentiles 21:24d until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. 24:21 For then there will be 13:19 For in those days there Great Tribulation great suffering unlike will be suffering unlike anything that has happened anything that has happened from the beginning of the from the beginning of the world until now, or ever will creation that God created happen. until now, or ever will happen. 24:22 And if those days had 13:20 And if the Lord had God will shorten the not been cut short, no one not cut short those days, no days of suffering for would be saved. But for the one would be saved. But the sake of His people. sake of the elect those days because of the elect, whom will be cut short. he chose, he has cut them short. 24:23 Then if anyone says to 13:21 Then if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ or ‘There he is!’ do Christ!’ or ‘Look, there he not believe him. is!’ do not believe him. 24:24 For false messiahs 13:22 For false messiahs False messiah and false prophets will and false prophets will False prophets appear and perform great appear and perform signs Signs and wonders signs and wonders to and wonders to deceive, if Deception of the elect deceive, if possible, even the possible, the elect. elect. 24:25 Remember, I have told 13:23 Be careful! I have told It has been prophesied. you ahead of time. you everything ahead of time.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

24:26 So then, if someone Great Tribulation of the says to you, ‘Look, he is in End the wilderness,’ do not go out, or ‘Look, he is in the Great suffering inner rooms,’ do not believe him. False Christs 24:27 For just like the lightning comes from the False prophets east and flashes to the west, so the coming of the Son of Deceiving signs and Man will be. wonders 24:28 Wherever the corpse is, there the vultures will gather. 24:29 “Immediately after the 13:24 “But in those days, 21:25a “And there will be suffering of those days, the after that suffering, signs sun will be darkened, and the sun will be darkened in the sun Sun darkened the moon will not give its and the moon will not give and moon Moon darkened light; the stars will fall its light; 13:25a the stars and stars, Stars falling from heaven, will be falling from heaven, 21:25b and on the earth nations will be in distress, Nations in distress 21:25c anxious over the roaring of the sea and the Roaring sea surging waves. Surging waves 21:26a People will be fainting from fear and from the expectation of what is coming on the world 24:29d and the powers of 13:25b and the powers in 21:26b for the powers of Angels and demons heaven will be shaken. the heavens will be shaken. the heavens will be and/or Astronomical shaken. phenomenon 24:30a Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn. 24:30b They will see the 13:26 Then everyone will 21:27 Then they will see the The Second Coming Son of Man arriving on the see the Son of Man arriving Son of Man arriving in a visible to everyone clouds of heaven with power in the clouds with great cloud with power and great and great glory. power and glory. glory. 24:31 And he will send his 13:27 Then he will send angels with a loud trumpet angels and they will gather blast, and they will gather his elect from the four The Final (Seventh) his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the Trumpet – The Rapture winds, from one end of earth to the ends of heaven. heaven to the other. 21:28 But when these things begin to happen, stand up and raise your heads, because your redemption is drawing near.” 24:32 “Learn this parable 13:28 “Learn this parable 21:29 Then he told them a The parable of the fig from the fig tree: Whenever from the fig tree: Whenever parable: “Look at the fig tree (and all the other its branch becomes tender its branch becomes tender tree and all the other trees. trees) has nothing to and puts out its leaves, you and puts out its leaves, you 21:30 When they sprout do with Israel, the know that summer is near. know that summer is near. leaves, you see for ‘wild olive’ tree yourselves and know that (Romans 9). It is used summer is now near. as a symbol: ‘the signs of the times’.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

24:33 So also you, when you 13:29 So also you, when you 21:31 So also you, when see all these things, know see these things happening, you see these things that he is near, right at the know that he is near, right at happening, know that the door. the door. kingdom of God is near. 24:34 I tell you the truth, this 13:30 I tell you the truth, this 21:32 I tell you the truth, The generation that generation will not pass generation will not pass this generation will not pass experiences these away until all these things away until all these things away until all these things things will see the end. take place. take place. take place. 24:35 Heaven and earth will 13:31 Heaven and earth will 21:33 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words pass away, but my words pass away, but my words will never pass away. will never pass away. will never pass away. 24:36 “But as for that day 13:32 “But as for that day or Nobody knows the day and hour no one knows it – hour no one knows it – nor the hour. What not even the angels in neither the angels in heaven, about other time spans? heaven – except the Father nor the Son – except the Can we know the year? alone. Father. Certain scriptures do indicate this. 24:37 For just like the days The Days of Noah of Noah were, so the coming of the Son of Man will be. 24:38 For in those days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day Noah entered the ark. 24:39 And they knew nothing until the flood came and took them all away. It will be the same at the coming of the Son of Man. 24:40 Then there will be two The Rapture men in the field; one will be taken and one left. 24:41 There will be two women grinding grain with a mill; one will be taken and one left. The Thief in the Night The Master’s Return 24:42 “Therefore stay alert, 13:33 Watch out! Stay alert! Stay alert! because you do not know on For you do not know when what day your Lord will the time will come. come. 13:34 It is like a man going 24:43 But understand this: If on a journey. He left his the owner of the house had house and put his slaves in known at what time of night charge, assigning to each his the thief was coming, he work, and commanded the would have been alert and doorkeeper to stay alert. would not have let his house 13:35 Stay alert, then, be broken into. because you do not know 24:44 Therefore you also when the owner of the house must be ready, because the will return – whether during Son of Man will come at an evening, at midnight, when hour when you do not expect the rooster crows, or at dawn him. – 13:36 or else he might find you asleep when he returns suddenly. 13:37 What I say to you I say to everyone: Stay alert!”

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

8. The Gospel, Apostasy and Israel in the Plan of God

The first sign of the end is, and the first Angel bears, the Gospel of the Kingdom of God.

And the gospel must first be preached to all the nations. (Mark 13:10)

And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a witness to all the nations, and then the end will come. (Matthew 24:14)

6 Then I saw another angel flying in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach to those who dwell on the earth - to every nation, tribe, tongue, and people - 7 saying with a loud voice, “Fear God and give glory to Him, for the hour of His judgment has come; and worship Him who made heaven and earth, the sea and springs of water.” (Revelation 14:6&7)

What is the Gospel?

The details of the Gospel (Good News) message from the Book of Acts are essentially this: Jesus of Nazareth is God “manifest in the flesh”; He was born supernaturally of the virgin Mary; He lived a perfect and sinless life; He performed many signs and wonders; He died on the cross for the sins of mankind; He rose from the dead on the third day; He ascended into heaven; He rules and reigns on the right hand of the Father; and He will return in the same manner that He went.

What is the appropriate response to the Gospel demanded of people by God?

14 Now after John was put in prison, Jesus came to Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God, 15 and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel.” (Mark 1:14&15)

21 testifying to Jews, and also to Greeks, repentance toward God and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ. (Acts 20:21)

What is repentance?

9 Now I rejoice, not that you were made sorry, but that your sorrow led to repentance. For you were made sorry in a godly manner, that you might suffer loss from us in nothing. 10 For godly sorrow produces repentance leading to salvation, not to be regretted; but the sorrow of the world produces death. (2 Cor. 7:9&10) What is faith?

1 Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. 2 For by it the elders obtained a good testimony. 3 By faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that the things which are seen were not made of things which are visible. (Hebrews 11:1-3)

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Faith is not merely an intellectual assent to the facts of the Gospel. It is not just acknowledging facts.

17 Thus also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead. 18 But someone will say, “You have faith, and I have works.” Show me your faith without your works, and I will show you my faith by my works. 19 You believe that there is one God. You do well. Even the demons believe—and tremble! 20 But do you want to know, O foolish man, that faith without works is dead? (James 2:17-20)

Have you repented of your sins before God and trusted in the Lord Jesus for your eternal salvation? When?

5 Examine yourselves as to whether you are in the faith. Test yourselves. Do you not know yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you?—unless indeed you are disqualified. (2 Cor. 13:5)

17 Even so, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. 18 A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit. 19 Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 20 Therefore by their fruits you will know them. 21 “Not everyone who says to Me, “Lord, Lord,’ shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father in heaven. 22 Many will say to Me in that day, “Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in Your name, cast out demons in Your name, and done many wonders in Your name?’ 23 And then I will declare to them, “I never knew you; depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness!’ (Matt. 7:17-23)

Many people claim to be Christians and even do great miracles, but God says “I never knew you”. Do you know Jesus Christ as your Savior and Lord?

Apostasy from the Gospel

The Bible teaches that there will be a Great Falling Away of professing believers from the visible Church, not a Global Revival as some Bible teachers claim.

9 Then they will deliver you up to tribulation and kill you, and you will be hated by all nations for My name’s sake. 10 And then many will be offended, will betray one another, and will hate one another. 11 Then many false prophets will rise up and deceive many. 12 And because lawlessness will abound, the love of many will grow cold. 13 But he who endures to the end shall be saved. 14 And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a witness to all the nations, and then the end will come. (Matt. 24:9-14)

This passage tells us that ‘many will be offended’ and ‘the love of many will grow cold’.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

3 Let no one deceive you by any means; for that Day will not come unless the falling away comes first, and the man of sin is revealed, the son of perdition… (2 Thess. 2:3)

The Second Coming of Jesus is preceded not by a great revival, but a falling away.

7 And shall God not avenge His own elect who cry out day and night to Him, though He bears long with them? 8 I tell you that He will avenge them speedily. Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will He really find faith on the earth? (Luke 18:7&8)

When Jesus comes again things will be so bad that is will be difficult to find faith on the earth. Thankfully God will save national Israel and preserve a remnant of Gentiles from the nations.

The Salvation of National Israel

For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek. (Rom 1:16)

The Gospel was first given to the Jews, but most of them rejected it, so it was then given to the Gentiles. A time is coming, though, when all national Israel will be saved.

20 “The Redeemer will come to Zion, And to those who turn from transgression in Jacob,” Says the LORD. 21 “As for Me,” says the LORD, “this is My covenant with them: My Spirit who is upon you, and My words which I have put in your mouth, shall not depart from your mouth, nor from the mouth of your descendants, nor from the mouth of your descendants’ descendants,” says the LORD, “from this time and forevermore.” (Isaiah 59:20 – 21)

25 For I do not desire, brethren, that you should be ignorant of this mystery, lest you should be wise in your own opinion, that blindness in part has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. 26 And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: “The Deliverer will come out of Zion, And He will turn away ungodliness from Jacob; 27 For this is My covenant with them, When I take away their sins.” 28 Concerning the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but concerning the election they are beloved for the sake of the fathers. 29 For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable. 30 For as you were once disobedient to God, yet have now obtained mercy through their disobedience, 31 even so these also have now been disobedient, that through the mercy shown you they also may obtain mercy. (Rom. 11:25-31)

4 And I heard the number of those who were sealed. One hundred and forty-four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel were sealed… (Rev 7:4)

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

The State of Modern Judaism

It may surprise the reader to learn that that not all modern Jews are descendents of Abraham. There are two main groups of Jews in the world today. The Ashkenazi (or Germanic) Jews comprise more than 90% and the Sephardic (Meditteranean) Jews less than 10%. Arthur Koestler (The Thirteenth Tribe) and other Jewish authors have shown that Ashkenazi Jews are actually descendents of Jewish converts from the Khazarian Kingdom in the 8th century AD. Thus, the vast majority of modern Jews are not blood descendents of Abraham and are thus not natural heirs to the covenant promises.

In fact, many modern Jews are members of the Sabbataen/Frankist sex cult that is a Jewish front. The founders Sabbatai Svi (17th century) and Jacob Frank (18th century) both claimed to be the Jewish Messiah, led their followers into deviant sexual practices and through the Rothschild family took economic and ideological control of Western nations in the 19th century through sexual and financial manipulation. It was this control that the Germans fought in both world wars in the 20th century, and that will lead to the destruction of the Zionist Israeli State in the 21st century. Zionism teaches that the Messiah is the secular State of Israel and that it will come to rule the world.

“I know your works, tribulation, and poverty (but you are rich); and I know the blasphemy of those who say they are Jews and are not, but are a synagogue of Satan.” (Rev. 2:9)

“Indeed I will make those of the synagogue of Satan, who say they are Jews and are not, but lie—indeed I will make them come and worship before your feet, and to know that I have loved you.” (Rev. 3:9)

Summary

1. The Gospel must first be preached to all nations before the end comes. All the major mission groups testify that we are nearly there. There are only a few unreached people groups left. The Gospel has not yet been preached to every tribe and language, so the Great Tribulation period has not yet begu. 2. The Gospel message demands the response of repentance towards God and faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. A regenerate heart is evidenced by good works. 3. There will be a great apostasy (falling away) of professing believers from the visible Church. This has already started in a generation growing faithless. Young people, even those who were raised in the church, are no longer going to church. No Scriptures describe a revival, except amongst the Jews in the midst of persecution. 4. The nation of Israel and Jews worldwide will be saved during the Great Tribulation. God will open their spiritual eyes and they will recognize that He is the Messiah that they rejected. 5. The vast majority of modern Jewry is not descended of Abraham, but has established a false secular Jewish state that they claim is the Jewish Messiah that will rule the world.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

9. The Antichrist and His Kingdom

Passages that directly mention the antichrist

The English word ‘antichrist’ comes from the Greek antichristos. The Greek term anti means ‘to be against’ and/or ‘to take the place of’. There are only four direct occurrences of the word ‘antichrist’ in Scripture. Interestingly, every one of these occurs in John’s letters (1 John 2:18, 22; 4:3; 2 John 7).

18 Little children, it is the last hour; and as you have heard that the Antichrist is coming, even now many antichrists have come, by which we know that it is the last hour. 19 They went out from us, but they were not of us; for if they had been of us, they would have continued with us; but they went out that they might be made manifest, that none of them were of us. 20 But you have an anointing from the Holy One, and you know all things. 21 I have not written to you because you do not know the truth, but because you know it, and that no lie is of the truth. 22 Who is a liar but he who denies that Jesus is the Christ? He is antichrist who denies the Father and the Son. (1 John 2:18-22)

The Antichrist is an individual that had not yet come in John’s time, but was still expected to come. Many antichrists had already come in John’s time, in a generic sense of being ‘against Christ’ or claiming to be ‘the Christ’. This is an indication that it is “the last hour” (the last days), obviously not a literal hour. The antichrists were initially professing Christians that fell away from the faith and denied that Jesus is the Christ (Messiah). The Antichrist will come from a Christian background, but reject the faith.

Muslims accept Jesus as the Jewish Messiah (as well as His virgin birth, sinless life and ascension to heaven), so the Antichrist cannot become a Muslim. The Pope teaches the pre-incarnate existence of Jesus and that Jesus is the Christ, so the Pope or a Roman Catholic cannot be the antichrist. Buddhists believe in the manifestations of ‘Christs’, but they do not believe that Jesus is (the one and only) Christ. The Antichrist could become a Buddhist.

The Antichrist might acknowledge God the Father, but cannot acknowledge that Jesus is the Son of God. Hence, he denies his divine and pre-incarnate existence with the Father. Ultimately he will also claim to be god.

1 Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits, whether they are of God; because many false prophets have gone out into the world. 2 By this you know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is of God, 3 and every spirit that does not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is not of God. And this is the spirit of the Antichrist, which you have heard was coming, and is now already in the world. (1 John 4:1-3)

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The antichrist spirit denies that Jesus has come in the flesh i.e. the incarnation. This could be that it denies the physical existence of Jesus completely, but more likely that it denies that He is the only God incarnate, and could accept Him as simply a prophet, good man or one of the many manifestations of the christ.

7 For many deceivers have gone out into the world, who do not confess Jesus Christ as coming in the flesh. This is a deceiver and an antichrist. 8 Look to yourselves, that we do not lose those things we worked for, but that we may receive a full reward. 9 Whoever transgresses and does not abide in the doctrine of Christ does not have God. He who abides in the doctrine of Christ has both the Father and the Son. (2 John 7 – 9)

According to this passage we can deduce that the incarnation is a very important part of “the doctrine of Christ”, and those that do not believe in it, are not saved. This includes Jehovah’s Witnesses and other cults. The antichrist spirit was already in the world when John wrote these words, but there seems to have been a clear expectation in the early church that a specific, personal antichrist was still to come. However, there are other less clear scriptures that also seem to indirectly apply to the ‘antichrist’.

Passages of Scripture that indirectly refer to ‘the antichrist’

Compare and contrast the following two passages from the Book of Revelation.

Revelation Chapter 6 Revelation Chapter 19 1 NOW I saw when the Lamb 11 Now I saw heaven opened, and behold, a opened one of the seals; and I heard white horse. And He who sat on him was one of the four living creatures saying called Faithful and True, and in with a voice like thunder, “Come and righteousness He judges and makes war. see.” 12 His eyes were like a flame of fire, and on 2 And I looked, and behold, a white His head were many crowns. He had a horse. He who sat on it had a bow; name written that no one knew except and a crown was given to him, and Himself. 13 He was clothed with a robe he went out conquering and to dipped in blood, and His name is called The conquer. Word of God.

The two persons mentioned in Rev. 6:1&2 (the Lamb and the rider) are different people. The Lamb opens the first seal (vs 1). The horse is white, but the rider’s colour is not mentioned (vs 2). The Lamb is not said to be the rider. If he were, it would say so. The rider has a bow, a weapon of war (vs 2). He is given, so does not naturally have, a crown. He rides out to conquer. The Lamb is Christ. The rider is the antichrist. The first Seal is thus opened as the first Seal of the Judgment of God.

The rider in Rev. 19:11 is clearly Jesus. The horse is white, but the rider is wearing clothes dipped in blood (vs 11). Clearly He is the Lamb, Faithful and True. With justice he judges and goes to war. He has several crowns on His head. He rides out to conquer and RULE the nations. The rider, in this case, is Jesus.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

There are some similarities and differences between the two riders on white horses. The first is the Antichrist the False Messiah, and the second is the Christ, the true Messiah, hence the white horse as symbolism for both. The first inaugurates the Great Tribulation and the second ends it. The second will destroy the first.

1 Now, brethren, concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our gathering together to Him, we ask you, 2 not to be soon shaken in mind or troubled, either by spirit or by word or by letter, as if from us, as though the day of Christ had come. 3 Let no one deceive you by any means; for that Day will not come unless the falling away comes first, and the man of sin is revealed, the son of perdition, 4 who opposes and exalts himself above all that is called God or that is worshiped, so that he sits as God in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God. 5 Do you not remember that when I was still with you I told you these things? (2 Thessalonians 2:1-5)

Before the Second Coming of the Lord Jesus there will be a great “falling away” from the faith. This seems to be connected to the falling away of the antichrists of 1 John who deny the exclusive deity of Christ. Then the “man of sin is revealed”. He certainly is the ultimate antichrist. He is called “the son of perdition (hell)”, as opposed to (by implication) the “Son of God”. The contrast seems clearly to be between the Christ and the antichrist. He is described as “the one opposing and exalting himself over everything being called God, or object of worship”. This individual claims deity for himself and is against any other god of any other religion. He is said “to sit in the temple of God as God, setting forth himself, that he is God”. The Jewish temple would have to be rebuilt.

Is there anyone around today that claims to be God? The Hindu and Buddhist gurus do. More specifically the Dalai Lama, the head of the Buddhists and the deposed ruler of Tibet, has a very unique claim to Godhood. He is getting old and will likely die very soon. Who will replace him? Traditionally the Dalai Lama has always been Tibetan, but the next Dalai Lama could be a European. Which is the largest and most dominant country in Europe? Germany. Who is the most likely candidate in Germany? The deposed German royalty. Could one of these be the god-king that will become the Antichrist? Of course, if this is true, then the Dalai Lama must die first, before the Antichrist is born.

Determining the identity of the Antichrist

Does the Bible give us some clues about the identity of the Antichrist? We need to start in the Old Testament, which is the foundation of the New Testament. Let us first have a look at some foundational passages in the Book of Daniel. We need to understand the development of global kingdoms in history as portrayed in the Bible. We also need to understand what Biblical prophecy has already been fulfilled. Futurists often err on the side of not seeing which prophecy has already been fulfilled, and historicists often force fulfillment of prophecies that are yet to be fulfilled.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

The table below outlines the four major historical global powers prophetically described in the figurative imagery of the Book of Daniel. The first three columns look at different passages and the last two columns explain them. Each row shows the connection.

Man Beast Ram & Goat Empire Major Figures 2:31 – 45. 7:1 – 27. 8:1 – 27. Global Power 2:37&38 7:4 Lion with Babylonian Nebuchadnezzar Gold Head Eagle's wings 626 – 539 BC 2:39a Silver 7:5 Bear that is 8:20 Ram Medo-Persian Cyrus, Darius, Belly & Arms Devouring flesh Two Horns 539 – 323 BC (Arta)Xerxes 2:39b Bronze 7:6 Leopard with 8:21 Greek Alexander the Great Belly & 4 wings & heads Male Goat 323 BC to 146 BC Thigh 2:40 Iron 7:23&24 Terrible Roman Julius Caesar Legs & Feet 10 horns & iron 145 BC–AD 476 Constantine teeth 2:41-43 Holy Roman Empire Western Europe Iron/Clay 800 – 1806 AD Roman Catholic vs Feet & Toes Byzantine Empire Eastern Europe 324 – 1453 AD Orthodox 7:20-22 The Western and Eastern Antichrist the Little Horn: Integration into President of the Arrogant and European Union of European Union Haughty 2000 – 2060 AD

The references in the Book of Daniel are paralleled in the book of Revelation. The table below outlines the four major historical global powers prophetically described as beasts in the Book of Revelation.

Chapter Beast Attributes Empire 12 Red Dragon Ten horns Rome 145 BC–AD 476 13a Leopard Lion's head, bear's feet Holy Roman 800 – 1806 AD 13b Lamb Two horns, dragon's The Nazi International voice movement of National Socialism started by Adolf Hitler 1920 - 2060 17 Scarlet Ten heads, seven horns European 2000 – 2060 AD

Let us examine these passages in greater detail to explain these conclusions more carefully.

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Who is the Dragon?

The dragon is a common symbol, but the Bible uses it very specifically.

3 And another sign appeared in heaven: behold, a great, fiery red dragon having seven heads and ten horns, and seven diadems on his heads. 4 His tail drew a third of the stars of heaven and threw them to the earth. And the dragon stood before the woman who was ready to give birth, to devour her Child as soon as it was born. 5 She bore a male Child who was to rule all nations with a rod of iron. And her Child was caught up to God and His throne…13 Now when the dragon saw that he had been cast to the earth, he persecuted the woman who gave birth to the male Child. 14 But the woman was given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness to her place, where she is nourished for a time and times and half a time, from the presence of the serpent. 15 So the serpent spewed water out of his mouth like a flood after the woman, that he might cause her to be carried away by the flood. 16 But the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed up the flood which the dragon had spewed out of his mouth. 17 And the dragon was enraged with the woman, and he went to make war with the rest of her offspring, who keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Jesus Christ. (Rev. 12:3 – 5, 13 – 17)

Here we have a lot of figurative language that needs to be interpreted very carefully. It is obviously largely not literal. It is also important to note that Chapters 12, 13 and 17 are inextricably linked and build on each other. Most commentators agree on the points of interpretation of this passage. The dragon clearly represents Satan, the leader of the fallen angels. The dragon represents the Roman Empire, the Latin, Western Kingdom (200 BC to 500 AD).

The seven hills represent the seven hills of Rome. The seven crowns represent seven kings or the seven major kingdoms. Ten horns represent the ten kingdoms of the Roman Empire and the ten kings of the Germanic Barbarian tribes that destroyed the Roman Empire in the fifth century. The child represents Jesus. The woman represents the Church, in the Old Testament (Israel) and New Testament (Jewish and Gentile believers together in the same faith, spiritual Israel).

How does God protect His Church against the Dragon? In the wilderness. Remember this for when the Great Tribulation comes. This is a clue from God to believers on how to survive. When the time comes, get out of the cities, because several passages warn that the cities of the world will collapse. The answer: buy farmland and start developing this as a rural retreat for your family and the family of God. Don’t sell everything you have just yet, but watch for the signs of the times. Oh, and you don’t need to send me any money, either. There goes my television ministry…

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Who is the the First Beast of Revelation?

Taking some of the imagery from the previous excerpt, this passage builds upon it.

1 Then I stood on the sand of the sea. And I saw a beast rising up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and on his horns ten crowns, and on his heads a blasphemous name. 2 Now the beast which I saw was like a leopard, his feet were like the feet of a bear, and his mouth like the mouth of a lion. The dragon gave him his power, his throne, and great authority. 3 And I saw one of his heads as if it had been mortally wounded, and his deadly wound was healed. And all the world marveled and followed the beast. 4 So they worshiped the dragon who gave authority to the beast; and they worshiped the beast, saying, “Who is like the beast? Who is able to make war with him?” 5 And he was given a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies, and he was given authority to continue for forty-two months. 6 Then he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme His name, His tabernacle, and those who dwell in heaven. 7 It was granted to him to make war with the saints and to overcome them. And authority was given him over every tribe, tongue, and nation. 8 All who dwell on the earth will worship him, whose names have not been written in the Book of Life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world. 9 If anyone has an ear, let him hear. (Revelation 13:1-8)

Many commentators agree that the first beast represents the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (which is its historical and full name). Notice that Germany was and still is the controlling power of Europe. Most of the languages of Europe are classed as ‘Germanic’ in academia. It was founded by Charlemagne in 800 A. D., who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in Rome. The Roman Catholic Church was always the spiritual force behind the Holy Roman Empire. Protestantism became nominally involved rather late. The seven hills represent the seven hills of Rome. This is commonly accepted by most commentators. The seven crowns represent seven kings, probably the electors of the Holy Roman Empire. Ten horns with ten crowns represent the ten kings of the Germanic Barbarian tribes that destroyed the Roman Empire in the fourth century. They were the forerunners of modern Germany and Europe.

Using the most common year-day prophetic scale used in Scripture, 42 months x 30 days = 1260 days or years. The great Isaac Newton predicted in 1704 that the Second Coming would be in 800 AD + 1260 years (solar) = 2060 AD. This can also similarly be calculated as 800 AD + 1260 years (lunar) = 2045 AD. Can it be this soon? The speed at which things are happening certainly implies that the end could be sooner than we think.

However, some scholars argue that the Ottonian German Roman Empire was founded when Otto was crowned in 962 as Emperor of Germany by Pope John XII and only from 1157 came to be known as the Holy Roman Empire, so Newton’s calculations may be out by a few centuries. It would probably be reasonable to assume that the chances are very good that the Second Coming will occur sometime between 2045 and 2417 AD.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Who is the Scarlet Beast ?

Once again, this passage builds on the previous one.

3 So he carried me away in the Spirit into the wilderness. And I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast which was full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns…8 The beast that you saw was, and is not, and will ascend out of the bottomless pit and go to perdition. And those who dwell on the earth will marvel, whose names are not written in the Book of Life from the foundation of the world, when they see the beast that was, and is not, and yet is. 9 “Here is the mind which has wisdom: The seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits. 10 There are also seven kings. Five have fallen, one is, and the other has not yet come. And when he comes, he must continue a short time. 11 The beast that was, and is not, is himself also the eighth, and is of the seven, and is going to perdition. 12 “The ten horns which you saw are ten kings who have received no kingdom as yet, but they receive authority for one hour as kings with the beast. 13 These are of one mind, and they will give their power and authority to the beast. (Revelation 17:3, 8-13)

The Scarlet Beast is basically the same as the First Beast, but in a different form. The European Union is the modern heir to the Holy Roman Empire. The seven hills represent the seven hills of Rome. This is a consistent prophetic indicator to guide us in the identities of the beasts throughout Scripture. The seven crowns represent the number of Electors of the Holy Roman Empire. One of these electors that received a ‘deathly wound’, will be revived. That is, one of the royal houses of Europe that was forced to abdicate, will rise again.

The ten heads represent the ten countries of the Western European Union, which functioned officially as a separate political entity and parliament until recently, but which still unofficially controls Europe. The European Union President is the secular heir to the historical role played by the Holy Roman Emperor. The Antichrist will rise to power to become the President of the European Union.

Clearly, the antichrist, the ‘man of sin’, and the first and scarlet beasts are one and the same Antichrist. To better understand the connection between the three, we must understand the history of the Roman Empire, which still exists today. The Roman Empire has existed in different forms for more than three millennia (3000 years).

A Brief History of the Roman Empire

According to legend, Rhea Silva, daughter of Numitor, King of Alba Longa, conceived twins by the god Mars. Numitor’s brother Amulius had previously seized power, killed all the male heirs in the family, and forced Rhea Silva to become a Vestal Virgin, ensuring that she would not bear children. When the twins were born, Amulius abandoned them on the Tiber River to die, but they were saved by a series of miracles, suckled by a she-wolf and raised by a shepherd.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

When Romulus and Remus discovered their identities, they killed Amulius, restored Numitor and decided to establish their own city. They quarreled about which hill to choose, and Romulus killed Remus, apparently on 21 April 753 BC. Romulus founded and led Rome till his death.

The official founding of Rome was when a group of rural villages united to form one settlement connecting seven hills. The original seven hills of Rome are found within the ancient city walls: Palatine (which Romulus chose), Aventine, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, Quirinal, and Viminal.

Rome started with a Kingdom, a Republic and an Empire. The Roman Kingdom (753 – 510 BC) was allegedly ruled by 7 kings over 243 years. The Roman Republic (510 - 27 BC) was ruled by a Senate over 483 years. The Roman Empire (27 BC – 476 AD) ruled by an Emperor from Rome over 503 years. The Roman Empire was conquered by the ten Germanic tribes of central and northern Europe.

The Byzantine (Greek) Roman Empire, however, existed for more than a Millennium. In 285 AD the Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into East and West. This is graphically portrayed by the division of the Roman Empire into two legs in Daniel’s vision of the Man (2:31 – 45). In 324 the Emperor Constantine made Constantinople (modern Istanbul) the capital of the East. The official religion became what is now known as Orthodox Christianity. In 1453 it fell to the Muslim Ottoman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was founded in 800 AD when the Pope crowned Charlemagne as the Holy Roman Emperor. Malcolm Cohen in his seminal work From Rome to Holy Roman Empire (2012) shows how the Holy Roman Empire was the explicitly declared and natural successor of the Western Roman Empire. The 7 electors (or prince-electors) of the Holy Roman Empire were both spiritual and secular.

The 3 Spiritual Electors are all Roman Catholic Archbishops. The Elector of Mainz (the Arch-Chancellor of Germany) is currently Cardinal Karl Lehmann. The Elector of Trier (the Arch-Chancellor of Burgundy/France) is currently Cardinal Stephan Ackermann. The Elector of Cologne (Arch-Chancellor of Italy) is currently Cardinal Joachim Meisner.

The 4 Secular Electors are Bohemia, Palatine, Saxony, and the Brandenburg Rulers. The King of Bohemia became the Habsburg Dynasty the historical Kings of Austria and Holy Roman Emperor, currently headed by Karl von Habsburg. The Count Palatine of the Rhine became the Duke of Bavaria currently the title held by Franz von Bayern. The Duke of Saxony and Margrave of Brandenburg became the King of Prussia, the title currently held by Georg Friedrich von Hohenzollern. The Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg is currently Ernst August of Hanover.

The last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II, was forced to abdicate in 1806 by Napoleon, but the Holy Roman Empire was never abolished by itself and continues to this day. After two World Wars, the European Union became the natural successor to the Holy Roman Empire and the final form of the Roman Empire.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

10. Integrating Daniel’s Last Two Chapters

The last two chapters of the Old Testament book of Daniel give us some important clues on how the Antichrist will take control of the world. This section places chapter 11 and 12 of Daniel next to each other with some explanatory commentary. Dan. Then there will arise in his place a despicable Napoleon dethrones the Holy Roman Emperor 11:21 person The King of the North (European Union). to whom the royal honor has not been rightfully The uncrowned King of Prussia (Germany), The Man of Lawlessness (2 Thess 2:3) conferred. deposed elector of the Holy Roman empire. He will come on the scene in a time of prosperity Not in a time of economic crisis. Germany will lead Europe to prosperity. and will seize the kingdom through deceit. 11:22 Armies will be suddenly swept away in defeat By the second beast/false prophet. before him; both they and a covenant leader will be destroyed. Leader of Israel killed. 11:23 After entering into an alliance with him, he will First he enters into an alliance with the Israeli behave treacherously; President and then he betrays and kills him. he will ascend to power with only a small force. NATO/EU forces invade Israel. 11:24 In a time of prosperity for the most productive areas A time of economic prosperity. of the province he will come and accomplish what neither his fathers nor their Europeans finally conquer Jerusalem in a fathers accomplished. final Crusade. He will distribute loot, spoils, and property to his Croneyism and corruption. followers, and he will devise plans against fortified cities, but With the God of Fortresses. not for long. 11:25 He will rouse his strength and enthusiasm against War against a Muslim Alliance centered on the king of the south Saudi Arabia. with a large army. More people now support him – a winner. The king of the south will wage war with a large and A Muslim Alliance centered on Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is the size of Europe. very powerful army, but he will not be able to prevail because of the The Arabs are defeated. plans devised against him. 11:26 Those who share the king’s fine food will attempt to An assassin will be ironically sent to the destroy him, Muslim King, but the attempt will fail. and his army will be swept away; many will be The Muslim army will be destroyed. killed in battle.

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11:27 These two kings, their minds filled with evil They will reach some kind of truce, but not intentions, will trade lies with one another at the intend to actually keep it. same table. 11:27 But it will not succeed, for there is still an end at the Their plans will not come to fruition. 12:5 I, Daniel, watched as two others stood appointed time. there, one on each side of the river. 11:28 Then the king of the north will return to his own From his victories. 12:6 One said to the man clothed in linen land with much property. who was above the waters of the river, “When will the end of these wondrous events occur?” His mind will be set against the holy covenant. Against Israel. 12:7 Then I heard the man clothed in linen He will take action, and then return to his own land. who was over the waters of the river as he raised both his right and left hands to the sky and made an oath by the one who lives forever: “It is for a time, times, and half a time. Then, when the power of the one who shatters the holy people has been exhausted, all these things will be finished.” 11:29 At an appointed time he will again invade the south, Invade Arabia but this latter visit will not turn out the way the Not so successful this time former one did. 11:30 The ships of Kittim will come against him, leaving Jeremiah (2:10) mentions isles of Kittim as him disheartened. the western extremity of the world. He will turn back and direct his indignation against War against Israel the holy covenant. He will return and honor those who forsake the holy Jewish betrayers will be put in charge covenant. 11:31 His forces will rise up and profane the fortified Enter the Jewish Temple and stop their 12:11 From the time that the daily sacrifice sanctuary, stopping the daily sacrifice. rituals. is removed and the abomination that In its place they will set up the abomination that Performs a pagan ritual sacrifice to Odin. causes desolation is set in place, there are causes desolation. The destruction of Israel. 1,290 days. 11:32 Then with smooth words he will defile those who He will deceive those who reject the 12:12 Blessed is the one who waits and have rejected the covenant. Covenant. attains to the 1,335 days. But the people who are loyal to their God will act Jews are converted valiantly. 11:33 These who are wise among the people will teach the masses. However, they will fall by the sword and by

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the flame, and they will be imprisoned and plundered for some time. 11:34 When they stumble, they will be granted some help. But many will unite with them deceitfully. False believers betraying true believers 11:35 Even some of the wise will stumble, resulting in their refinement, purification, and cleansing until the time of the end, for it is still for the appointed time. 11:36 Then the king will do as he pleases. He will exalt The Sovereignty of God and magnify himself above every deity and he will utter presumptuous things against the God of gods. He will succeed until the time of wrath is completed, for what has been decreed must occur. 11:37 He will not respect the gods of his fathers Roman Catholicism – not even the god loved by women. He will not respect any god; he will elevate himself above them all. 11:38 What he will honor is a god of fortresses – The God of War: Odin a god his fathers did not acknowledge Roman Catholics – professing Christianity he will honor with gold, silver, valuable stones, and treasured commodities. 11:39 He will attack mighty fortresses, aided by a foreign deity To those who recognize him he will grant considerable honor. He will place them in authority over many people, and he will parcel out land for a price. 11:40 At the time of the end the king of the south will The Muslim coalition led by the Saudis will attack him. attack him. Then the king of the north will storm against him The ‘small army’ has now become ‘a large with chariots, horsemen, and a large armada of armada of ships’- obviously he has had time ships. to manufacture many more weapons. He will invade lands, passing through them like an His power has clearly increased greatly. overflowing river. 11:41 Then he will enter the beautiful land. Israel Many will fall, but these will escape: Areas just east of the Jordan will be spared Many sacred pagan sites of worship here Edom, Moab, and the Ammonite leadership. i.e. the modern State of Jordan. like Petra, Jerash and Um Qais.

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11:42 He will extend his power against other lands; the land of Egypt will not escape. 11:43 He will have control over the hidden stores of gold He will conquer Egypt, which has one of the and silver, as well as all the treasures of Egypt. largest standing armies in the world. Libyans and Ethiopians will submit to him. Muslim North East Africa will fall to him. 11:44 But reports will trouble him from the east and north, The Kings of the East will come to fight him in and he will set out in a tremendous rage to destroy Armageddon (Russia, China, India, Japan) and wipe out many. Revelation 9:13-21 11:45 He will pitch his royal tents He is of a German royal imperial family between the seas toward the beautiful holy Mediterranean and Sea of Galilee mountain. Armageddon? But he will come to his end, with no one to help him. 12:1 At that time Michael, the great prince who watches Angels watching over us. over your people, will arise. There will be a time of distress unlike any other The Great Tribulation from the nation’s beginning up to that time. But at that time your own people, all those whose The Rapture names are found written in the book, will escape. Before the Final Wrath 12:2 Many of those who sleep in the dusty ground will The First Resurrection 12:13 But you should go your way until the awake – end. You will rest and then at the end of the days you will arise to receive what you have been allotted.” some to everlasting life, Of the blessed and others to shame and everlasting abhorrence. Of the wicked 12:3 But the wise will shine like the brightness of the 12:10 Many will be purified, made clean, heavenly expanse. and refined, but the wicked will go on being wicked. None of the wicked will understand, though the wise will understand. And those bringing many to righteousness will be Those who bring others to Jesus will be 12:8 I heard, but I did not understand. So I like the stars forever and ever. blessed for eternity. said, “Sir, what will happen after these things?” 12:4 “But you, Daniel, close up these words and seal the 12:9 He said, “Go, Daniel. For these matters book until the time of the end. Many will dash are closed and sealed until the time of the about, [run around] and knowledge will increase.” end.

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11. The Temple of God

There are six different forms of the Temple of God in the Bible: The Heavenly Temple, the First Temple of Israel, the Second Jewish Temple, the Third Jewish Temple, the Millennial Temple, and the Temple of God in the New Jerusalem.

1. The Heavenly Temple (Eternal)

David sang to the LORD the words of this song when the LORD rescued him from the power of all his enemies, including Saul. He said: “The LORD is my high ridge, my stronghold, my deliverer. My God is my rocky summit where I take shelter, my shield, the horn that saves me, my stronghold, my refuge, my savior. You save me from violence! I called to the LORD, who is worthy of praise, and I was delivered from my enemies. The waves of death engulfed me; the currents of chaos overwhelmed me. The ropes of Sheol tightened around me; the snares of death trapped me. In my distress I called to the LORD; I called to my God. From his heavenly temple he heard my voice; he listened to my cry for help. (2 Sam. 22:1-7)

After these things I looked, and the temple (the tent of the testimony) was opened in heaven, and the seven angels who had the seven plagues came out of the temple, dressed in clean bright linen, wearing wide golden belts around their chests. Then one of the four living creatures gave the seven angels seven golden bowls filled with the wrath of God who lives forever and ever, and the temple was filled with smoke from God’s glory and from his power. Thus no one could enter the temple until the seven plagues from the seven angels were completed. Then I heard a loud voice from the temple declaring to the seven angels: “Go and pour out on the earth the seven bowls containing God’s wrath.” (Rev. 15:5 – 16:1)

2. The First Temple of Israel (Solomon)

King Hiram of Tyre sent messengers to Solomon when he heard that he had been anointed king in his father’s place. (Hiram had always been an ally of David.) Solomon then sent this message to Hiram: “You know that my father David was unable to build a temple to honor the LORD his God, for he was busy fighting battles on all fronts while the LORD subdued his enemies. But now the LORD my God has made me secure on all fronts; there is no adversary or dangerous threat. So I have decided to build a temple to honor the LORD my God, as the LORD instructed my father David, ‘Your son, whom I will put on your throne in your place, is the one who will build a temple to honor me.’ (1 Kings 5:1 - 5)

The first temple of Israel was built by Solomon for God around 960 BC, was the center of Jewish worship and sacrifice for a few hundred years, but was destroyed by the Neo- Babylonian Empire in 587 BC.

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The Promise of Restoration

In the first year of Darius son of Ahasuerus, who was of Median descent and who had been appointed king over the Babylonian empire – in the first year of his reign I, Daniel, came to understand from the sacred books that, according to the word of the LORD disclosed to the prophet Jeremiah [29:10-14], the years for the fulfilling of the desolation of Jerusalem were seventy in number. …He has carried out his threats against us and our rulers who were over us by bringing great calamity on us – what has happened to Jerusalem has never been equaled under all heaven! Just as it is written in the law of Moses, so all this calamity has come on us. Still we have not tried to pacify the LORD our God by turning back from our sin and by seeking wisdom from your reliable moral standards. The LORD was mindful of the calamity, and he brought it on us. For the LORD our God is just in all he has done, and we have not obeyed him... “So now, our God, accept the prayer and requests of your servant, and show favor to your devastated sanctuary for your own sake. Listen attentively, my God, and hear! Open your eyes and look on our desolated ruins and the city called by your name. …” (Dan. 9:1-18a)

3. The Second Jewish Temple (Herod)

The Second Jewish Temple was built and rededicated in 515 BC by Babylonian exiles under Nehemiah & Ezra. It was desecrated by Antiochus IV Epiphanes (r.175–164 BC) in 167 BC and rededicated by Judas Maccabaeus in 164 BC. Finally, it was destroyed by the Roman military leader Titus (39–81 AD) in 70 AD.

The Second Destruction Prophesied by Daniel

“Seventy weeks have been determined concerning your people and your holy city to put an end to rebellion, to bring sin to completion, to atone for iniquity, to bring in perpetual righteousness, to seal up the prophetic vision, and to anoint a most holy place. So know and understand: From the issuing of the command to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one, a prince arrives, there will be a period of seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will again be built, with plaza and moat, but in distressful times. Now after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one will be cut off and have nothing. As for the city and the sanctuary, the people of the coming prince will destroy them. But his end will come speedily like a flood. Until the end of the war that has been decreed there will be destruction. He will confirm a covenant with many for one week. But in the middle of that week he will bring sacrifices and offerings to a halt. On the wing of abominations will come one who destroys, until the decreed end is poured out on the one who destroys.” (Daniel 9:24-27)

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This passage of Scripture is critical for our understanding of Bible prophecy. On the next page is a breakdown of the verses and dates that relate to the Second Jewish temple and the Messiah.

A Tabular Exegesis of Daniel’s Seventy Weeks (Daniel 9:24 – 27)

Daniel Dates Introduction of the Messiah Destruction of the Temple 9:24 460 BC Seventy weeks have been to determined concerning your 30 AD people and your holy city to put an end to rebellion, to bring sin to completion, to atone for iniquity, to bring in perpetual righteousness, to seal up the prophetic vision, and to anoint a most holy place. 9:25 7+62 = So know and understand: From 69 the issuing of the command to weeks restore and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one, a prince arrives, there will be a period of seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will again be built, with plaza and moat, but in distressful times. 9:26a Jesus Now after the sixty-two weeks, 30 AD an anointed one (‘messiah’) will be cut off and have nothing. 9:26b Titus As for the city and the sanctuary, 70 AD the people of the coming prince will destroy them. But his end will come speedily like a flood. Until the end of the war that has been decreed there will be destruction. 9:27a Jesus He will confirm a covenant with 30 AD many for one week. But in the middle of that week (3.5 years of Jesus’ ministry) he will bring sacrifices and offerings to a halt. 9:27b Titus On the wing of abominations will 70 AD come one who destroys, until the decreed end is poured out on the one who destroys.

Dispensationalist separate the last (seventieth week) and claim that it is fulfilled in the end times. This is one of the sources of their seven-year tribulation. This method is both illogical and unexegetical, and cannot be justified in any way. 51

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4. The Third Jewish Temple

It is the avowed goal of Zionism and international Freemasonry to build the Third Jewish Temple, though its rebuilding is not explicitly stated in Scripture. They must first desecrate or destroy the Holy Muslim shrines of the Dome of the Rock and the Al Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount. This will spark the fury of Muslims worldwide and the declaration of war in the Middle East. The Antichrist will come to support Israel on two occasions by fighting against the Muslim countries coming against Israel. This will allow the Antichrist the opportunity to betray and invade Israel, and desecrate the newly-built temple.

His forces will rise up and profane the fortified sanctuary, stopping the daily sacrifice. In its place they will set up the abomination that causes desolation. Then with smooth words he will defile those who have rejected the covenant. But the people who are loyal to their God will act valiantly. These who are wise among the people will teach the masses. However, they will fall by the sword and by the flame, and they will be imprisoned and plundered for some time. When they stumble, they will be granted some help. But many will unite with them deceitfully. Even some of the wise will stumble, resulting in their refinement, purification, and cleansing until the time of the end, for it is still for the appointed time. (Dan. 11:31-35)

Here we read that the sanctuary (temple) will be fortified (against attack), the abomination of desolation happens at this time, and this all happens at the time of the end. The end has not yet come, so it cannot refer to the 70 AD destruction of Jerusalem, as Preterists would have us believe. Preterists claim that all Bible prophecy was fulfilled by 70 AD when Jesus came to Jerusalem in judgement. They teach that the resurrection has already occurred and that Jesus has already come. This is heretical. Partial Preterists fare a bit better, but even they must rely on simplistic ‘proof texts’ that are taken out of their clear context and meaning.

Then I heard the man clothed in linen who was over the waters of the river as he raised both his right and left hands to the sky and made an oath by the one who lives forever: “It is for a time, times, and half a time. Then, when the power of the one who shatters the holy people has been exhausted, all these things will be finished.” I heard, but I did not understand. So I said, “Sir, what will happen after these things?” He said, “Go, Daniel. For these matters are closed and sealed until the time of the end. Many will be purified, made clean, and refined, but the wicked will go on being wicked. None of the wicked will understand, though the wise will understand. From the time that the daily sacrifice is removed and the abomination that causes desolation is set in place, there are 1,290 days. Blessed is the one who waits and attains to the 1,335 days. But you should go your way until the end. You will rest and then at the end of the days you will arise to receive what you have been allotted.” (Dan. 12:7 -13)

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The Teaching of Jesus at the end of the Synoptic Gospels

Now as Jesus was going out of the temple courts and walking away, his disciples came to show him the temple buildings. And he said to them, “Do you see all these things? I tell you the truth, not one stone will be left on another. All will be torn down!” As he was sitting on the Mount of Olives, his disciples came to him privately and said, “Tell us, when will these things happen? And what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?” Jesus answered them, “Watch out that no one misleads you…“So when you see the abomination of desolation – spoken about by Daniel the prophet – standing in the holy place (let the reader understand), then those in Judea must flee to the mountains. The one on the roof must not come down to take anything out of his house, and the one in the field must not turn back to get his cloak. Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing their babies in those days! Pray that your flight may not be in winter or on a Sabbath. For then there will be great suffering unlike anything that has happened from the beginning of the world until now, or ever will happen. (Matt. 24:1-4,15-21)

The wailing wall is still standing. The temple has not yet been completely destroyed. The destruction of the temple is the sign of His Second Coming and the end of the age (the end of the days). The abomination of desolation is a sign of the end and the coming suffering. The Great Tribulation will bring suffering like nothing else in human history.

The Antichrist

Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction. He opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship, and as a result he takes his seat in God’s temple, displaying himself as God. Surely you recall that I used to tell you these things while I was still with you. And so you know what holds him back, so that he will be revealed in his own time. For the hidden power of lawlessness is already at work. However, the one who holds him back will do so until he is taken out of the way, and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival. The arrival of the lawless one will be by Satan’s working with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders, and with every kind of evil deception directed against those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved. Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false. And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned. (2 Thess 2:3-12)

Here we read that the “man of lawlessness” will sit in God’s temple and claim to be God, and that he will perform great miracles and signs and wonders to deceive unbelievers. No man has done this yet in the whole of history.

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Is It Time for the Temple?

It is important to note that as a result of the June 2005 meeting of the Sanhedrin, they have issued a call for specific plans to rebuild the Temple. “The Israeli rabbinical council involved with re-establishing the Sanhedrin, is calling upon all groups involved in Temple Mount research to prepare detailed architectural plans for the reconstruction of the Jewish Holy Temple.” This demonstrates that increasingly the new Sanhedrin believes that it is taking steps to prepare the modern state of Israel for a new Temple and the coming of Messiah. These stage-setting steps are things that are in concert with the end time events that will take place during a future era known as the tribulation. In order to specifically carry out the Sanhedrin’s call to prepare architectural plans for rebuilding the Temple, “the group will establish a forum of architects and engineers to begin plans for rebuilding the Temple—a move fraught with religious and political volatility.” The Sanhedrin is also “calling on the Jewish people to contribute toward the acquisition of materials for the purpose of rebuilding the Temple—including the gathering and preparation of prefabricated, disassembled portions to be stored and ready for rapid assembly, ‘in the manner of King David.’” (Thomas Ice - Tom's Perspectives, 9 July 2005)

The Temple & Freemasonry

The construction of the original temple is an important highlight in the history of Freemasonry. The story of Hiram Abiff and the construction of the Temple is an important milestone in its mythology. The Jewish temple is the centre of its spiritual and moral lessons and rituals. Global freemasonry looks forward and works towards rebuilding the temple. Most of our current world leaders (even Muslims) are Freemasons.

Destruction or Coexistence?

Originally, Mohammed instructed his followers to face towards Jerusalem when praying, then he changed it to Mecca when Jews and Christians rejected him.The Temple Mount remains the second holiest site for Muslims, as they believe that Ishmael was presented by Abraham to be sacrificed to God. The Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque must be demolished by the Jews or the new temple must be built alongside it.

Currently, Muslims become very angry when any infidel dares to come on to the temple mount. Though the Jews control Jerusalem, the Muslim Mullahs (priests) control the temple mount. In my view, there is no way that the Muslims will tolerate the rebuilding of the Jewish temple on their holy ground and the Jews will have to do it by military force, and they are likely to destroy the Muslim shrines as a result.

This will bring about the wrath of the Muslim world and they will attack Israel. The Antichrist will establish an agreement to defend Israel on two occasions, but after the second time will betray Israel and destroy it. He will then proclaim his Divinity in the Jewish Temple and demand worship from the world.

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5. The Millennial Temple

Ezekiel’s Vision (Ch. 40-48) of the New (Fourth) Temple represents the Millennial Temple. The Temple comprises a vast land area of Israel beyond the city limits of Jerusalem. The Millennium Saints of God make up this temple.

Do you not know that you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit lives in you? If someone destroys God’s temple, God will destroy him. For God’s temple is holy, which is what you are. (1 Cor. 3:16&17)

Flee sexual immorality! “Every sin a person commits is outside of the body” – but the immoral person sins against his own body. Or do you not know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from God, and you are not your own? (1 Cor. 6:18&19)

Do not become partners with those who do not believe, for what partnership is there between righteousness and lawlessness, or what fellowship does light have with darkness? And what agreement does Christ have with Belial? Or what does a believer share in common with an unbeliever? And what mutual agreement does the temple of God have with idols? For we are the temple of the living God, just as God said, “I will live in them and will walk among them, and I will be their God, and they will be my people.” Therefore “come out from their midst, and be separate,” says the Lord, “and touch no unclean thing, and I will welcome you, and I will be a father to you, and you will be my sons and daughters,” says the All-Powerful Lord. (2 Cor. 6:14-18)

So then you are no longer foreigners and noncitizens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of God’s household, because you have been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the cornerstone. In him the whole building, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord, in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling place of God in the Spirit. (Eph. 2: 19 - 22)

“Let not your heart be troubled; you believe in God, believe also in Me. In My Father’s house are many mansions; if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself; that where I am, there you may be also. And where I go you know, and the way you know.” (John 14:1-4)

Ezekiel’s Temple is the people of God reigning and ruling from Jerusalem in the Millennium (see Revelation 20). However, there will be no literal restoration of temple sacrifices like in the Old Testament, as Dispensationalists teach.

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The Visionary Ezekiel Temple plan drawn by the 19th century French architect and Bible scholar Charles Chipiez.

6. The Temple of God in the New Jerusalem

Now I saw no temple in the city, because the Lord God – the All-Powerful – and the Lamb are its temple. The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because the glory of God lights it up, and its lamp is the Lamb. The nations will walk by its light and the kings of the earth will bring their grandeur into it. Its gates will never be closed during the day (and there will be no night there). They will bring the grandeur and the wealth of the nations into it, but nothing ritually unclean will ever enter into it, nor anyone who does what is detestable or practices falsehood, but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life. (Rev. 21:22-27)

The Triune God will be the ultimate temple, so there will be no need for a building of any sort in the Eternal City.

So we have seen that there are six different forms of the Temple of God in the Bible: The Heavenly Temple, the First Temple of Israel, the Second Jewish Temple, the Third Jewish Temple, the Millennial Temple, and the Temple of God in the New Jerusalem.

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12. The Great Prostitute

1 Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke to me. “Come,” he said, “I will show you the condemnation and punishment of the great prostitute who sits on many waters, 2 with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality and the earth’s inhabitants got drunk with the wine of her immorality.” 3 So he carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness, and there I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. 4 Now the woman was dressed in purple and scarlet clothing, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls. She held in her hand a golden cup filled with detestable things and unclean things from her sexual immorality. 5 On her forehead was written a name, a mystery: “Babylon the Great, the Mother of prostitutes and of the detestable things of the earth.” 6 I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and the blood of those who testified to Jesus. I was greatly astounded when I saw her. 7 But the angel said to me, “Why are you astounded? I will interpret for you the mystery of the woman and of the beast with the seven heads and ten horns that carries her. 8 The beast you saw was, and is not, but is about to come up from the abyss and then go to destruction. The inhabitants of the earth – all those whose names have not been written in the book of life since the foundation of the world – will be astounded when they see that the beast was, and is not, but is to come. 9 (This requires a mind that has wisdom.) The seven heads are seven mountains the woman sits on. They are also seven kings: 10 five have fallen; one is, and the other has not yet come, but whenever he does come, he must remain for only a brief time. 11 The beast that was, and is not, is himself an eighth king and yet is one of the seven, and is going to destruction. 12 The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive ruling authority as kings with the beast for one hour. 13 These kings have a single intent, and they will give their power and authority to the beast. 14 They will make war with the Lamb, but the Lamb will conquer them, because he is Lord of lords and King of kings, and those accompanying the Lamb are the called, chosen, and faithful.” 15 Then the angel said to me, “The waters you saw (where the prostitute is seated) are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages. 16 The ten horns that you saw, and the beast – these will hate the prostitute and make her desolate and naked. They will consume her flesh and burn her up with fire. 17 For God has put into their minds to carry out his purpose by making a decision to give their royal power to the beast until the words of God are fulfilled. 18 As for the woman you saw, she is the great city that has sovereignty over the kings of the earth.” (Revelation 17:1-18)

12 Clues About The Identity of the Great Prostitute

Introduction

This portion of the Bible is certainly one of the most important for a variety of reasons.

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a. It is a key to understanding the vivid and difficult imagery of the Book of Revelation.

b. It describes the events immediately preceding the Second Coming of the Lord Jesus Christ.

c. It identifies a religious, political and economic kingdom that will emerge as a leading world power in the world of the future.

d. It provides clues, when interpreted with other parts of Scripture, that clarify its meaning beyond any reasonable doubt.

e. It covers both Revelation chapters 17 and 18.

The Great Prostitute

1. Who is overwhelmingly consistently called “a prostitute” in Scripture?

“In the Old Testament, the metaphor of adultery was frequently used of Israel as God's faithless wife who had proved unfaithful by turning to false gods. Foreign nations were never accused by the prophets of this form of sin. Sometimes Israel's sin was also described in terms of harlotry: "How the faithful city has become a harlot" (Isa. 1:21; see Jer. 2:20; 3:1; Ezek. 16:15; Hos. 2:5; 3:3; 4:15). She has not only been unfaithful to her God; she has sold herself wantonly to any who would ask.” (George Eldon Ladd. A Commentary on the Revelation of John, Amazon Kindle Locations 2729-2732)

“Then the LORD said to Moses, “You are about to die, and then these people will begin to prostitute themselves with the foreign gods of the land into which they are going. They will reject me and break my covenant that I have made with them.” (Deut. 31:16)

Who are these people? The children of Israel.

“How tragic that the once-faithful city has become a prostitute! She was once a center of justice, fairness resided in her, but now only murderers.” (Is. 1:21)

What is the city? Jerusalem.

“Indeed, long ago you threw off my authority and refused to be subject to me. You said, ‘I will not serve you.’ Instead, you gave yourself to other gods on every high hill and under every green tree, like a prostitute sprawls out before her lovers… But you, Israel, have given yourself as a prostitute to many gods. So what makes you think you can return to me?” says the LORD. (Jer. 2:20; 3:1b)

Who committed spiritual prostitution? Israel.

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“‘But you trusted in your beauty and capitalized on your fame by becoming a prostitute. You offered your sexual favours to every man who passed by so that your beauty became his. You took some of your clothing and made for yourself decorated high places; you engaged in prostitution on them. You went to him to become his. You also took your beautiful jewellery, made of my gold and my silver I had given to you, and made for yourself male images and engaged in prostitution with them. You took your embroidered clothing and used it to cover them; you offered my olive oil and my incense to them. As for my food that I gave you – the fine flour, olive oil, and honey I fed you – you placed it before them as a soothing aroma. That is exactly what happened, declares the sovereign LORD. “‘You took your sons and your daughters whom you bore to me and you sacrificed them as food for the idols to eat. As if your prostitution is not enough, you slaughtered my children and sacrificed them to the idols. And with all your abominable practices and prostitution you did not remember the days of your youth when you were naked and bare, kicking around in your blood. “‘After all of your evil – “Woe! Woe to you!” declares the sovereign LORD – you built yourself a chamber and put up a pavilion in every public square. At the head of every street you erected your pavilion and you disgraced your beauty when you spread your legs to every passerby and multiplied your promiscuity. You engaged in prostitution with the Egyptians, your sexually aroused neighbours, multiplying your promiscuity and provoking me to anger. So see here, I have stretched out my hand against you and cut off your rations. I have delivered you into the power of those who hate you, the daughters of the Philistines, who were ashamed by your obscene conduct. You engaged in prostitution with the Assyrians because your sexual desires were insatiable; you prostituted yourself with them and yet you were still not satisfied. Then you multiplied your promiscuity to the land of merchants, Babylonia, but you were not satisfied there either. “‘How sick is your heart, declares the sovereign LORD, when you perform all of these acts, the deeds of a bold prostitute. When you built your chamber at the head of every street and put up your pavilion in every public square, you were not like a prostitute, because you scoffed at payment. “‘Adulterous wife, who prefers strangers instead of her own husband! All prostitutes receive payment, but instead you give gifts to every one of your lovers. You bribe them to come to you from all around for your sexual favours! You were different from other prostitutes because no one solicited you. When you gave payment and no payment was given to you, you became the opposite!’” (Ezek. 6:16-34)

“When the LORD first spoke through Hosea, he said to him, ‘Go marry a prostitute who will bear illegitimate children conceived through prostitution, because the nation continually commits spiritual prostitution by turning away from the LORD.’ ” (Hos. 1:2)

Who is consistently called “a prostitute” in Scripture? Israel.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

2. What is “the great city” (17:18)?

a. This expression in the Greek is used on only two other occasions in the Revelation.

i. “Their corpses will lie in the street of the great city that is symbolically called Sodom and Egypt, where their Lord was also crucified.” (Rev. 11:8)

“If the LORD who commands armies had not left us a few survivors, we would have quickly become like Sodom, we would have become like Gomorrah. Listen to the LORD’s word, you leaders of Sodom! Pay attention to our God’s rebuke, people of Gomorrah!” (Is. 1:9&10)

“But I see the prophets of Jerusalem doing something just as shocking. They are unfaithful to me and continually prophesy lies. So they give encouragement to people who are doing evil, with the result that they do not stop their evildoing. I consider all of them as bad as the people of Sodom, and the citizens of Jerusalem as bad as the people of Gomorrah.” (Jer. 23:14)

In which sense is Israel called “Egypt”? The first national exile of the nation of Israel was in Egypt. Here the children of Israel learned the heathen and occultic ways of the Egyptians. Even after God marvelously and miraculously delivered the nation from their Egyptian bondage, they still hearkened after the ways of Egypt, as demonstrated by the worship of the golden calf at Mount Sinai.

ii. “The great city was split into three parts and the cities of the nations collapsed. So Babylon the great was remembered before God, and was given the cup filled with the wine made of God’s furious wrath.” (Rev. 16:19)

“As for you, son of man, take a sharp sword and use it as a barber’s razor. Shave off some of the hair from your head and your beard. Then take scales and divide up the hair you cut off. Burn a third of it in the fire inside the city when the days of your siege are completed. Take a third and slash it with a sword all around the city. Scatter a third to the wind, and I will unleash a sword behind them. But take a few strands of hair from those and tie them in the ends of your garment. Again, take more of them and throw them into the fire, and burn them up. From there a fire will spread to all the house of Israel. “This is what the sovereign LORD says: This is Jerusalem; I placed her in the center of the nations with countries all around her.” (Ezekiel 5:1-5)

b. “The great city” (Jerusalem) is also contrasted with “the holy city” (the New Jerusalem). “So he took me away in the Spirit to a huge, majestic mountain and showed me the holy city, [the New] Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God.” (Rev. 21:10)

What is “the great city” (17:18)? Jerusalem.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

3. Who is she that “The blood of the saints and prophets was found in her, along with the blood of all those who had been killed on the earth” (18:24 )?

There is only one group that has persecuted both prophets and saints in the Old and New Testaments respectively, including Jesus himself.

a. “Woe to you, experts in the law and you Pharisees, hypocrites! You build tombs for the prophets and decorate the graves of the righteous. And you say, ‘If we had lived in the days of our ancestors, we would not have participated with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ By saying this you testify against yourselves that you are descendants of those who murdered the prophets. Fill up then the measure of your ancestors! You snakes, you offspring of vipers! How will you escape being condemned to hell? “For this reason I am sending you prophets and wise men and experts in the law, some of whom you will kill and crucify, and some you will flog in your synagogues and pursue from town to town, so that on you will come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Barachiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. I tell you the truth, this generation will be held responsible for all these things! O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those who are sent to you! How often I have longed to gather your children together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you would have none of it! Look, your house is left to you desolate! For I tell you, you will not see me from now until you say, ‘Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!’” (Matt. 23:29-39)

b. “For you became imitators, brothers and sisters, of God’s churches in Christ Jesus that are in Judea, because you too suffered the same things from your own countrymen as they in fact did from the Jews, who killed both the Lord Jesus and the prophets and persecuted us severely. They are displeasing to God and are opposed to all people, because they hinder us from speaking to the Gentiles so that they may be saved. Thus they constantly fill up their measure of sins, but wrath has come upon them completely.” (1 Thess. 2:14-16)

c. “They continued to stone Stephen while he prayed, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!” Then he fell to his knees and cried out with a loud voice, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them [the Jews persecuting the Church]!” When he had said this, he died. And Saul agreed completely with killing him.” (Acts 7:59 – 8:1)

“I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and the blood of those who testified to Jesus. I was greatly astounded when I saw her.” (Rev. 17:6)

Who is she that “The blood of the saints and prophets was found in her, along with the blood of all those who had been killed on the earth” (18:24)? Israel.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

4. What does her adornment symbolize (Rev. 17:4;18:16)?

a. “Now the woman was dressed in purple and scarlet clothing, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls. She held in her hand a golden cup filled with detestable things and unclean things from her sexual immorality.” (Rev. 17:4)

b. “Woe, woe, O great city – dressed in fine linen, purple and scarlet clothing, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls…” (Rev. 18:16)

We find the answer, once again, in the Old Testament, with the High Priest’s garments.

“And you, bring near to you your brother Aaron and his sons with him from among the Israelites, so that they may minister as my priests – Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s sons. You must make holy garments for your brother Aaron, for glory and for beauty. You are to speak to all who are specially skilled, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, so that they may make Aaron’s garments to set him apart to minister as my priest. Now these are the garments that they are to make: a breastpiece, an ephod, a robe, a fitted tunic, a turban, and a sash. They are to make holy garments for your brother Aaron and for his sons, that they may minister as my priests. The artisans are to use the gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine linen. They are to make the ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen, the work of an artistic designer. It is to have two shoulder pieces attached to two of its corners, so it can be joined together. The artistically woven waistband of the ephod that is on it is to be like it, of one piece with the ephod, of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen. You are to take two onyx stones and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel, six of their names on one stone, and the six remaining names on the second stone, according to the order of their birth. You are to engrave the two stones with the names of the sons of Israel with the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a seal; you are to have them set in gold filigree settings. You are to put the two stones on the shoulders of the ephod, stones of memorial for the sons of Israel, and Aaron will bear their names before the LORD on his two shoulders for a memorial. You are to make filigree settings of gold and two braided chains of pure gold, like a cord, and attach the chains to the settings. You are to make a breastpiece for use in making decisions, the work of an artistic designer; you are to make it in the same fashion as the ephod; you are to make it of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen. It is to be square when doubled, nine inches long and nine inches wide. You are to set in it a setting for stones, four rows of stones, a row with a ruby, a topaz, and a beryl – the first row; and the second row, a turquoise, a sapphire, and an emerald; and the third row, a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst; and the fourth row, a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper. They are to be enclosed in gold in their filigree settings. The stones are to be for the names of the sons of Israel, twelve, according to the number of their names. Each name according to the twelve tribes is to be like the engravings of a seal. You are to make for the breastpiece braided chains like cords of pure gold, and you are to make for the breastpiece two gold rings and attach the two rings to the upper two ends of the breastpiece. You are to attach the two gold chains to the two rings at the ends of the breastpiece; the other two ends of the two chains you will attach to the two settings and

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology then attach them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front of it. You are to make two rings of gold and put them on the other two ends of the breastpiece, on its edge that is on the inner side of the ephod. You are to make two more gold rings and attach them to the bottom of the two shoulder pieces on the front of the ephod, close to the juncture above the waistband of the ephod. They are to tie the breastpiece by its rings to the rings of the ephod by blue cord, so that it may be above the waistband of the ephod, and so that the breastpiece will not be loose from the ephod. Aaron will bear the names of the sons of Israel in the breastpiece of decision over his heart when he goes into the holy place, for a memorial before the LORD continually. You are to put the Urim and the Thummim into the breastpiece of decision; and they are to be over Aaron’s heart when he goes in before the LORD. Aaron is to bear the decisions of the Israelites over his heart before the LORD continually. You are to make the robe of the ephod completely blue. There is to be an opening in its top in the center of it, with an edge all around the opening, the work of a weaver, like the opening of a collar, so that it cannot be torn. You are to make pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet all around its hem and bells of gold between them all around. The pattern is to be a gold bell and a pomegranate, a gold bell and a pomegranate, all around the hem of the robe. The robe is to be on Aaron as he ministers, and his sound will be heard when he enters the Holy Place before the LORD and when he leaves, so that he does not die. “You are to make a plate of pure gold and engrave on it the way a seal is engraved: “Holiness to the LORD.” You are to attach to it a blue cord so that it will be on the turban; it is to be on the front of the turban, It will be on Aaron’s forehead, and Aaron will bear the iniquity of the holy things, which the Israelites are to sanctify by all their holy gifts; it will always be on his forehead, for their acceptance before the LORD. You are to weave the tunic of fine linen and make the turban of fine linen, and make the sash the work of an embroiderer. For Aaron’s sons you are to make tunics, sashes, and headbands for glory and for beauty. You are to clothe them – your brother Aaron and his sons with him – and anoint them and ordain them and set them apart as holy, so that they may minister as my priests. Make for them linen undergarments to cover their naked bodies; they must cover from the waist to the thighs. These must be on Aaron and his sons when they enter to the tent of meeting, or when they approach the altar to minister in the Holy Place, so that they bear no iniquity and die. It is to be a perpetual ordinance for him and for his descendants after him.” (Ex. 28:1- 43)

The absence of the blue in the great prostitute’s adornment is most likely to show that although she has tried to emulate the priesthood, she has failed in being authentic (‘true blue’). Under the Old Covenant this symbolized the priestly adornments of Israel, but in the New Covenant era the prostitute has perverted the priestly adornments. Israel rejected her Messiah and High Priest, Jesus Christ, and so her claimed priestly role is a complete mockery of the finished priestly work of Christ. The Jews claim to represent God as the priesthood, but they are actually committing spiritual prostitution.

What does her adornment symbolize (Rev. 17:4;18:16)? The Jewish priesthood.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

5. How can Israel be described as “Babylon”?

“A second angel followed the first, declaring: ‘Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great city! She made all the nations drink of the wine of her immoral passion.’ ” (Rev.14:8)

“The great city was split into three parts and the cities of the nations collapsed. So Babylon the great was remembered before God, and was given the cup filled with the wine made of God’s furious wrath.” (Rev.16:19)

“On her forehead was written a name, a mystery: “Babylon the Great, the Mother of prostitutes and of the detestable things of the earth.’ ” (Rev. 17:5)

“Then one powerful angel picked up a stone like a huge millstone, threw it into the sea, and said, ‘With this kind of sudden violent force Babylon the great city will be thrown down and it will never be found again!’ ” (Rev. 18:21)

Israel was conquered by and exiled to Babylon due to her disobedience to God. This was another national exile like that in Egypt. (Remember, that she is also called Egypt.) Many Jews assimilated the occultic beliefs and practices of the great Babylonian kingdom and religion into their own writings and rituals. These extra-biblical writings of the Jews were later compiled into the Talmud and the Kabbalah. There are two main forms of the Talmud: Jerusalem and Babylonian. The two, however, are almost identical (i.e. Jerusalem = Babylon). The Talmud is blatantly anti-Christian and contains some of the most foul, immoral teachings found in any religious literature, justifying sexual perversion, amongst other things. The Kabbalah is mystical, hermetic and occultic in its nature and content. Modern Judaism still hearkens after the things of Babylon. The occult is widely practiced in modern Israel and amongst Jews elsewhere.

6. What is the difference between the bride and the prostitute?

“Then I heard what sounded like the voice of a vast throng, like the roar of many waters and like loud crashes of thunder. They were shouting: ‘Hallelujah! For the Lord our God, the All-Powerful, reigns! Let us rejoice and exult and give him glory, because the wedding celebration of the Lamb has come, and his bride has made herself ready. She was permitted to be dressed in bright, clean, fine linen” (for the fine linen is the righteous deeds of the saints). Then the angel said to me, “Write the following: Blessed are those who are invited to the banquet at the wedding celebration of the Lamb!” He also said to me, “These are the true words of God.”’ ” (Rev. 19:6-9)

In the Bible the bride is the New Testament Church or body of Jesus Christ comprised of Jewish and Gentile believers. The Great Prostitute is the body of Jewish unbelievers who have rejected Jesus as their promised Messiah. The bride (the Church) received her bridegroom. The prostitute (Israel) did not.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

7. Does Jerusalem have “seven mountains”?

The number seven has long been recognized as God’s number, that of spiritual perfection. But “The seven heads are seven mountains the woman sits on.” (Rev. 17:9)

The seven famous mountains of Jerusalem are: Mount Zion, Mount Ophel, Mount Moriah, Mount Bezetha, Mount Acra, Mount Gareb, and Mount Goath.

Interestingly, the popular Jewish Apocraphyl Book of Enoch regularly mentions seven mountains. The Jews consider this to be symbolic of the reign of God.

I saw the treasuries of all the winds: I saw how He had furnished with them the whole creation and the firm foundations of the earth. And I saw the corner-stone of the earth: I saw the four winds which bear [the earth and] the firmament of the heaven. And I saw how the winds stretch out the vaults of heaven, and have their station between heaven and earth: these are the pillars of the heaven. I saw the winds of heaven which turn and bring the circumference of the sun and all the stars to their setting. I saw the winds on the earth carrying the clouds: I saw the paths of the angels. I saw at the end of the earth the firmament of the heaven above. And I proceeded and saw a place which burns day and night, where there are seven mountains of magnificent stones, three towards the east, and three towards the south. And as for those towards the east, was of coloured stone, and one of pearl, and one of jacinth, and those towards the south of red stone. But the middle one reached to heaven like the throne of God, of alabaster, and the summit of the throne was of sapphire. And I saw a flaming fire. And beyond these mountains Is a region the end of the great earth: there the heavens were completed. And I saw a deep abyss, with columns of heavenly fire, and among them I saw columns of fire fall, which were beyond measure alike towards the height and towards the depth. And beyond that abyss I saw a place which had no firmament of the heaven above, and no firmly founded earth beneath it: there was no water upon it, and no birds, but it was a waste and horrible place. I saw there seven stars like great burning mountains, and to me, when I inquired regarding them, The angel said: 'This place is the end of heaven and earth: this has become a prison for the stars and the host of heaven. 15 And the stars which roll over the fire are they which have transgressed the commandment of the Lord in the beginning of 16 their rising, because they did not come forth at their appointed times. And He was wroth with them, and bound them till the time when their guilt should be consummated (even) for ten thousand years.' (Enoch 18:1-16)

And from thence I went to another place of the earth, and he showed me a mountain range of fire which burnt day and night. And I went beyond it and saw seven magnificent mountains all differing each from the other, and the stones (thereof) were magnificent and beautiful, magnificent as a whole, of glorious appearance and fair exterior: three towards the east, one founded on the other, and three towards the south, one upon the other, and deep rough ravines, no one of which joined with any other. And the seventh mountain was in the midst of these, and it excelled them in height, resembling the seat of a throne: and fragrant trees encircled the throne. And amongst them was a tree such as I had never yet smelt, neither was any amongst them nor were others like it: it had a

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology fragrance beyond all fragrance, and its leaves and blooms and wood wither not for ever: and its fruit is beautiful, and its fruit n resembles the dates of a palm. Then I said: 'How beautiful is this tree, and fragrant, and its leaves are fair, and its blooms very delightful in appearance.' Then answered Michael, one of the holy and honoured angels who was with me, and was their leader. (Enoch 24:1-6)

And after these fragrant odours, as I looked towards the north over the mountains I saw seven mountains full of choice nard and fragrant trees and cinnamon and pepper. And thence I went over the summits of all these mountains, far towards the east of the earth, and passed above the Erythraean sea and went far from it, and passed over the angel Zotiel. And I came to the Garden of Righteousness, I and from afar off trees more numerous than I these trees and great-two trees there, very great, beautiful, and glorious, and magnificent, and the tree of knowledge, whose holy fruit they eat and know great wisdom. That tree is in height like the fir, and its leaves are like (those of) the Carob tree: and its fruit is like the clusters of the vine, very beautiful: and the fragrance of the tree penetrates afar. Then I said: 'How beautiful is the tree, and how attractive is its look!' Then Raphael the holy angel, who was with me, answered me and said: 'This is the tree of wisdom, of which thy father old (in years) and thy aged mother, who were before thee, have eaten, and they learnt wisdom and their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked and they were driven out of the garden.' (Enoch 32:1-6)

And the first quarter is called the east, because it is the first: and the second, the south, because the Most High will descend there, yea, there in quite a special sense will He who is blessed for ever descend. And the west quarter is named the diminished, because there all the luminaries of the heaven wane and go down. And the fourth quarter, named the north, is divided into three parts: the first of them is for the dwelling of men: and the second contains seas of water, and the abysses and forests and rivers, and darkness and clouds; and the third part contains the garden of righteousness. I saw seven high mountains, higher than all the mountains which are on the earth: and thence comes forth hoar-frost, and days, seasons, and years pass away. I saw seven rivers on the earth larger than all the rivers: one of them coming from the west pours its waters into the Great Sea. And these two come from the north to the sea and pour their waters into the Erythraean Sea in the east. And the remaining, four come forth on the side of the north to their own sea, two of them to the Erythraean Sea, and two into the Great Sea and discharge themselves there and some say: into the desert. Seven great islands I saw in the sea and in the mainland: two in the mainland and five in the Great Sea. (Enoch 77:1-8)

8. What is the significance of a “wilderness”?

“So he carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness [or ‘desert’]” (Rev. 17:3)

One of the claims of the State of Israel is that she is transforming a wilderness wasteland into a fertile and productive land. Modern Israel was forged out of a “wilderness”.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

9. What relevance does the “cup” have?

“Repay her the same way she repaid others; pay her back double corresponding to her deeds. In the cup she mixed, mix double the amount for her.” (Rev. 18:6)

“Wake up! Wake up! Get up, O Jerusalem! You drank from the cup the LORD passed to you, which was full of his anger! You drained dry the goblet full of intoxicating wine. There was no one to lead her among all the children she bore; there was no one to take her by the hand among all the children she raised. These double disasters confronted you. But who feels sorry for you? Destruction and devastation, famine and sword. But who consoles you? Your children faint; they lie at the head of every street like an antelope in a snare. They are left in a stupor by the LORD’s anger, by the battle cry of your God. So listen to this, oppressed one, who is drunk, but not from wine! This is what your sovereign master, the LORD your God, says: “Look, I have removed from your hand the cup of intoxicating wine, the goblet full of my anger. You will no longer have to drink it. I will put it into the hand of your tormentors who said to you, ‘Lie down, so we can walk over you.’ You made your back like the ground, and like the street for those who walked over you.” (Is. 51:17-23)

Israel drinks of the cup of drunkenness and God’s wrath.

10. What is the meaning of The Great Prostitute’s economic power?

Jews believe that they have been given a divine right to financial dominance over other nations. As such, the global banking sector is dominated by Jewish control. This is not anti-semitism, it is a statement of fact.

“At the end of every seven years you must declare a cancellation of debts. This is the nature of the cancellation: Every creditor must remit what he has loaned to another person; he must not force payment from his fellow Israelite, for it is to be recognized as “the LORD’s cancellation of debts.” You may exact payment from a foreigner, but whatever your fellow Israelite owes you, you must remit. However, there should not be any poor among you, for the LORD will surely bless you in the land that he is giving you as an inheritance, if you carefully obey him by keeping all these commandments that I am giving you today. For the LORD your God will bless you just as he has promised; you will lend to many nations but will not borrow from any, and you will rule over many nations but they will not rule over you.” (Deut. 15:1-6)

“If you indeed obey the LORD your God and are careful to observe all his commandments I am giving you today, the LORD your God will elevate you above all the nations of the earth. All these blessings will come to you in abundance if you obey the LORD your God: You will be blessed in the city and blessed in the field. Your children will be blessed, as well as the produce of your soil, the offspring of your livestock, the calves of your herds, and the lambs of your flocks. Your basket and your mixing bowl will be blessed. You will be blessed when you come in and blessed

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

when you go out. The LORD will cause your enemies who attack you to be struck down before you; they will attack you from one direction but flee from you in seven different directions. The LORD will decree blessing for you with respect to your barns and in everything you do – yes, he will bless you in the land he is giving you. The LORD will designate you as his holy people just as he promised you, if you keep his commandments and obey him. Then all the peoples of the earth will see that you belong to the LORD, and they will respect you. The LORD will greatly multiply your children, the offspring of your livestock, and the produce of your soil in the land which he promised your ancestors he would give you. The LORD will open for you his good treasure house, the heavens, to give you rain for the land in its season and to bless all you do; you will lend to many nations but you will not borrow from any. The LORD will make you the head and not the tail, and you will always end up at the top and not at the bottom, if you obey his commandments which I am urging you today to be careful to do.” (Deut. 28:1 - 13)

The Great Prostitute’s economic power reflects Jewish global financial dominance over other nations.

11. What international political control does Israel exercise?

“Then the angel said to me, ‘The waters you saw (where the prostitute is seated) are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages. The ten horns that you saw, and the beast – these will hate the prostitute and make her desolate and naked. They will consume her flesh and burn her up with fire. For God has put into their minds to carry out his purpose by making a decision to give their royal power to the beast until the words of God are fulfilled. As for the woman you saw, she is the great city that has sovereignty over the kings of the earth.’” (Rev. 17:15)

Wherever Jews are to be found all over the world, they are first loyal to the State of Israel before the country of their own citizenship. Jews make it a point to reach positions of influence and power, and to exert political power on behalf of Jewish interests. This is clearly a conflict of interests, and breeds disloyalty to their home nations. In practice, this is demonstrated by the inordinate amount of Jews that have been caught spying for Israel in the West. Israel maintains global political dominance over countries through the powerful political lobby of Jews all around the world.

12. What is indicative in the manner that she is destroyed?

Revelation chapter 18 describes in graphic detail how The Great Prostitute is destroyed.

a. This passage is parallelled by Ezekiel’s prophecy of judgement on ancient Israel.

1 The word of the LORD came to me: 2 “Son of man, confront Jerusalem with her abominable practices 3 and say, ‘This is what the sovereign LORD says to Jerusalem: Your

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology origin and your birth were in the land of the Canaanites; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite. 4 As for your birth, on the day you were born your umbilical cord was not cut, nor were you washed in water; you were certainly not rubbed down with salt, nor wrapped with blankets. 5 No eye took pity on you to do even one of these things for you to spare you; you were thrown out into the open field because you were detested on the day you were born. 6 “‘I passed by you and saw you kicking around helplessly in your blood. I said to you as you lay there in your blood, “Live!” I said to you as you lay there in your blood, “Live!” 7 I made you plentiful like sprouts in a field; you grew tall and came of age so that you could wear jewelry. Your breasts had formed and your hair had grown, but you were still naked and bare. 8 “‘Then I passed by you and watched you, noticing that you had reached the age for love. I spread my cloak over you and covered your nakedness. I swore a solemn oath to you and entered into a marriage covenant with you, declares the sovereign LORD, and you became mine. 9 “‘Then I bathed you in water, washed the blood off you, and anointed you with fragrant oil. 10 I dressed you in embroidered clothing and put fine leather sandals on your feet. I wrapped you with fine linen and covered you with silk. 11 I adorned you with jewelry. I put bracelets on your hands and a necklace around your neck. 12 I put a ring in your nose, earrings on your ears, and a beautiful crown on your head. 13 You were adorned with gold and silver, while your clothing was of fine linen, silk, and embroidery. You ate the finest flour, honey, and olive oil. You became extremely beautiful and attained the position of royalty. 14 Your fame spread among the nations because of your beauty; your beauty was perfect because of the splendor which I bestowed on you, declares the sovereign LORD. 15 “‘But you trusted in your beauty and capitalized on your fame by becoming a prostitute. You offered your sexual favors to every man who passed by so that your beauty became his. 16 You took some of your clothing and made for yourself decorated high places; you engaged in prostitution on them. You went to him to become his. 17 You also took your beautiful jewelry, made of my gold and my silver I had given to you, and made for yourself male images and engaged in prostitution with them. 18 You took your embroidered clothing and used it to cover them; you offered my olive oil and my incense to them. 19 As for my food that I gave you – the fine flour, olive oil, and honey I fed you – you placed it before them as a soothing aroma. That is exactly what happened, declares the sovereign LORD. 20 “‘You took your sons and your daughters whom you bore to me and you sacrificed them as food for the idols to eat. As if your prostitution not enough, 21 you slaughtered my children and sacrificed them to the idols. 22 And with all your abominable practices and prostitution you did not remember the days of your youth when you were naked and bare, kicking around in your blood. 23 “‘After all of your evil – “Woe! Woe to you!” declares the sovereign LORD – 24 you built yourself a chamber and put up a pavilion in every public square. 25 At the head of every street you erected your pavilion and you disgraced your beauty when you spread your legs to every passerby and multiplied your promiscuity. 26 You engaged in prostitution with the Egyptians, your sexually aroused neighbors, multiplying your promiscuity and provoking me to anger. 27 So see here, I have stretched out my hand against you and cut off your rations. I have delivered you into the power of those who hate you, the daughters of the Philistines, who were ashamed by your obscene conduct. 28 You engaged in prostitution with the Assyrians because your sexual desires were insatiable; you prostituted yourself with them and yet you were still not satisfied. 29 Then you multiplied your promiscuity to the land of merchants, Babylonia, but you were

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology not satisfied there either. 30 “‘How sick is your heart, declares the sovereign LORD, when you perform all of these acts, the deeds of a bold prostitute. 31 When you built your chamber at the head of every street and put up your pavilion in every public square, you were not like a prostitute, because you scoffed at payment. 32 “‘Adulterous wife, who prefers strangers instead of her own husband! 33 All prostitutes receive payment, but instead you give gifts to every one of your lovers. You bribe them to come to you from all around for your sexual favors! 34 You were different from other prostitutes because no one solicited you. When you gave payment and no payment was given to you, you became the opposite! 35 “‘Therefore O prostitute, hear the word of the LORD: 36 This is what the sovereign LORD says: Because your lust was poured out and your nakedness was uncovered in your prostitution with your lovers, and because of all your detestable idols, and because of the blood of your children you have given to them, 37 therefore, take note: I am about to gather all your lovers whom you enjoyed, both all those you loved and all those you hated. I will gather them against you from all around, and I will expose your nakedness to them, and they will see all your nakedness. 38 I will punish you as an adulteress and murderer deserves. I will avenge your bloody deeds with furious rage. 39 I will give you into their hands and they will destroy your chambers and tear down your pavilions. They will strip you of your clothing and take your beautiful jewelry and leave you naked and bare. 40 They will summon a mob who will stone you and hack you in pieces with their swords. 41 They will burn down your houses and execute judgments on you in front of many women. Thus I will put a stop to your prostitution, and you will no longer give gifts to your clients. 42 I will exhaust my rage on you, and then my fury will turn from you. I will calm down and no longer be angry. 43 “‘Because you did not remember the days of your youth and have enraged me with all these deeds, I hereby repay you for what you have done, declares the sovereign LORD. Have you not engaged in prostitution on top of all your other abominable practices? 44 “‘Observe – everyone who quotes proverbs will quote this proverb about you: “Like mother, like daughter.” 45 You are the daughter of your mother, who detested her husband and her sons, and you are the sister of your sisters who detested their husbands and their sons. Your mother was a Hittite and your father an Amorite. 46 Your older sister was Samaria, who lived north of you with her daughters, and your younger sister, who lived south of you, was Sodom with her daughters. 47 Have you not copied their behavior and practiced their abominable deeds? In a short time you became even more depraved in all your conduct than they were! 48 As surely as I live, declares the sovereign LORD, your sister Sodom and her daughters never behaved as wickedly as you and your daughters have behaved. 49 “‘See here – this was the iniquity of your sister Sodom: She and her daughters had majesty, abundance of food, and enjoyed carefree ease, but they did not help the poor and needy. 50 They were haughty and practiced abominable deeds before me. Therefore when I saw it I removed them. 51 Samaria has not committed half the sins you have; you have done more abominable deeds than they did. You have made your sisters appear righteous with all the abominable things you have done. 52 So now, bear your disgrace, because you have given your sisters reason to justify their behavior. Because the sins you have committed were more abominable than those of your sisters; they have become more righteous than you. So now, be ashamed and bear the disgrace of making your sisters appear righteous. 53 “‘I will restore their fortunes, the fortunes of Sodom and her daughters, and the fortunes of Samaria and her daughters (along with your fortunes

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology among them), 54 so that you may bear your disgrace and be ashamed of all you have done in consoling them. 55 As for your sisters, Sodom and her daughters will be restored to their former status, Samaria and her daughters will be restored to their former status, and you and your daughters will be restored to your former status. 56 In your days of majesty, was not Sodom your sister a byword in your mouth, 57 before your evil was exposed? Now you have become an object of scorn to the daughters of Aram and all those around her and to the daughters of the Philistines – those all around you who despise you. 58 You must bear your punishment for your obscene conduct and your abominable practices, declares the LORD. 59 “‘For this is what the sovereign LORD says: I will deal with you according to what you have done when you despised your oath by breaking your covenant. (Ezekiel 16:1-59)

b. Compare this too with Jeremiah’s judgment of the original Babylon.

‘The LORD spoke concerning Babylon and the land of Babylonia through the prophet Jeremiah. “Announce the news among the nations! Proclaim it! Signal for people to pay attention! Declare the news! Do not hide it! Say: ‘Babylon will be captured. Bel will be put to shame. Marduk will be dismayed. Babylon’s idols will be put to shame. Her disgusting images will be dismayed. For a nation from the north will attack Babylon. It will lay her land waste. People and animals will flee out of it. No one will inhabit it.’ “When that time comes,” says the LORD, “the people of Israel and Judah will return to the land together. They will come back with tears of repentance as they seek the LORD their God. They will ask the way to Zion; they will turn their faces toward it. They will come and bind themselves to the LORD in a lasting covenant that will never be forgotten. “My people have been lost sheep. Their shepherds have allowed them to go astray. They have wandered around in the mountains. They have roamed from one mountain and hill to another. They have forgotten their resting place. All who encountered them devoured them. Their enemies who did this said, ‘We are not liable for punishment! For those people have sinned against the LORD, their true pasture. They have sinned against the LORD in whom their ancestors trusted.’ “People of Judah, get out of Babylon quickly! Leave the land of Babylonia! Be the first to depart! Be like the male goats that lead the herd. For I will rouse into action and bring against Babylon a host of mighty nations from the land of the north. They will set up their battle lines against her. They will come from the north and capture her. Their arrows will be like a skilled soldier who does not return from the battle empty-handed. Babylonia will be plundered. Those who plunder it will take all they want,” says the LORD. “People of Babylonia, you plundered my people. That made you happy and glad. You frolic about like calves in a pasture. Your joyous sounds are like the neighs of a stallion. But Babylonia will be put to great shame. The land where you were born will be disgraced. Indeed, Babylonia will become the least important of all nations. It will become a dry and barren desert. After I vent my wrath on it Babylon will be uninhabited. It will be totally desolate. All who pass by will be filled with horror and will hiss out their scorn because of all the disasters that have happened to it. “Take up your battle positions all around Babylon, all you soldiers who are armed with bows. Shoot all your arrows at her! Do not hold any back! For she has sinned against the LORD.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Shout the battle cry from all around the city. She will throw up her hands in surrender. Her towers will fall. Her walls will be torn down. Because I, the LORD, am wreaking revenge, take out your vengeance on her! Do to her as she has done! Kill all the farmers who sow the seed in the land of Babylon. Kill all those who wield the sickle at harvest time. Let all the foreigners return to their own people. Let them hurry back to their own lands to escape destruction by that enemy army. “The people of Israel are like scattered sheep which lions have chased away. First the king of Assyria devoured them. Now last of all King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon has gnawed their bones. So I, the LORD God of Israel who rules over all, say: ‘I will punish the king of Babylon and his land just as I punished the king of Assyria. But I will restore the flock of Israel to their own pasture. They will graze on Mount Carmel and the land of Bashan. They will eat until they are full on the hills of Ephraim and the land of Gilead. When that time comes, no guilt will be found in Israel. No sin will be found in Judah. For I will forgive those of them I have allowed to survive. I, the LORD, affirm it!’” The LORD says, “Attack the land of Merathaim and the people who live in Pekod! Pursue, kill, and completely destroy them! Do just as I have commanded you! The noise of battle can be heard in the land of Babylonia. There is the sound of great destruction. Babylon hammered the whole world to pieces. But see how that ‘hammer’ has been broken and shattered! See what an object of horror Babylon has become among the nations! I set a trap for you, Babylon; you were caught before you knew it. You fought against me. So you were found and captured. I have opened up the place where my weapons are stored. I have brought out the weapons for carrying out my wrath. For I, the Lord GOD who rules over all, have work to carry out in the land of Babylonia. Come from far away and attack Babylonia! Open up the places where she stores her grain! Pile her up in ruins! Destroy her completely! Do not leave anyone alive! Kill all her soldiers! Let them be slaughtered! They are doomed, for their day of reckoning has come, the time for them to be punished.” Listen! Fugitives and refugees are coming from the land of Babylon. They are coming to Zion to declare there how the LORD our God is getting revenge, getting revenge for what they have done to his temple. “Call for archers to come against Babylon! Summon against her all who draw the bow! Set up camp all around the city! Do not allow anyone to escape! Pay her back for what she has done. Do to her what she has done to others. For she has proudly defied me, the Holy One of Israel. So her young men will fall in her city squares. All her soldiers will be destroyed at that time,” says the LORD. “Listen! I am opposed to you, you proud city,” says the Lord GOD who rules over all. “Indeed, your day of reckoning has come, the time when I will punish you. You will stumble and fall, you proud city; no one will help you get up. I will set fire to your towns; it will burn up everything that surrounds you.” The LORD who rules over all says, “The people of Israel are oppressed. So too are the people of Judah. All those who took them captive are holding them prisoners. They refuse to set them free. But the one who will rescue them is strong. He is known as the LORD who rules over all. He will strongly champion their cause. As a result he will bring peace and rest to the earth, but trouble and turmoil to the people who inhabit Babylonia. “Destructive forces will come against the Babylonians,” says the LORD. “They will come against the people who inhabit Babylonia, against her leaders and her men of wisdom. Destructive forces will come against her false prophets; they will be shown to be fools! Destructive forces will come against her soldiers; they will be filled with terror! Destructive forces will come against her horses and her chariots. Destructive forces will come against all the

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology foreign troops within her; they will be as frightened as women! Destructive forces will come against her treasures; they will be taken away as plunder! A drought will come upon her land; her rivers and canals will be dried up. All of this will happen because her land is filled with idols. Her people act like madmen because of those idols they fear. Therefore desert creatures and jackals will live there. Ostriches will dwell in it too. But no people will ever live there again. No one will dwell there for all time to come. I will destroy Babylonia just like I did Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighboring towns. No one will live there. No human being will settle in it,” says the LORD. “Look! An army is about to come from the north. A mighty nation and many kings are stirring into action in faraway parts of the earth. Its soldiers are armed with bows and spears. They are cruel and show no mercy. They sound like the roaring sea as they ride forth on their horses. Lined up in formation like men going into battle, they are coming against you, fair Babylon! The king of Babylon will become paralyzed with fear when he hears news of their coming. Anguish will grip him, agony like that of a woman giving birth to a baby. “A lion coming up from the thick undergrowth along the Jordan scatters the sheep in the pastureland around it. So too I will chase the Babylonians off of their land. Then I will appoint over it whomever I choose. For there is no one like me. There is no one who can call me to account. There is no ruler that can stand up against me. So listen to what I, the LORD, have planned against Babylon, what I intend to do to the people who inhabit the land of Babylonia. Their little ones will be dragged off. I will completely destroy their land because of what they have done. The people of the earth will quake when they hear Babylon has been captured. Her cries of anguish will be heard by the other nations.” The LORD says, “I will cause a destructive wind to blow against Babylon and the people who inhabit Babylonia. I will send people to winnow Babylonia like a wind blowing away chaff. They will winnow her and strip her land bare. This will happen when they come against her from every direction, when it is time to destroy her. Do not give her archers time to string their bows or to put on their coats of armor. Do not spare any of her young men. Completely destroy her whole army. Let them fall slain in the land of Babylonia, mortally wounded in the streets of her cities. “For Israel and Judah will not be forsaken by their God, the LORD who rules over all. For the land of Babylonia is full of guilt against the Holy One of Israel. Get out of Babylonia quickly, you foreign people. Flee to save your lives. Do not let yourselves be killed because of her sins. For it is time for the LORD to wreak his revenge. He will pay Babylonia back for what she has done. Babylonia had been a gold cup in the LORD’s hand. She had made the whole world drunk. The nations had drunk from the wine of her wrath. So they have all gone mad. But suddenly Babylonia will fall and be destroyed. Cry out in mourning over it! Get medicine for her wounds! Perhaps she can be healed! Foreigners living there will say, ‘We tried to heal her, but she could not be healed. Let’s leave Babylonia and each go back to his own country. For judgment on her will be vast in its proportions. It will be like it is piled up to heaven, stacked up into the clouds.’ The exiles from Judah will say, ‘The LORD has brought about a great deliverance for us! Come on, let’s go and proclaim in Zion what the LORD our God has done!’ “Sharpen your arrows! Fill your quivers! The LORD will arouse a spirit of hostility in the kings of Media. For he intends to destroy Babylonia. For that is how the LORD will get his revenge – how he will get his revenge for the Babylonians’ destruction of his temple. Give the signal to attack Babylon’s wall! Bring more guards! Post them all around the city! Put men in ambush! For the LORD will do what he has

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology planned. He will do what he said he would do to the people of Babylon. “You who live along the rivers of Babylon, the time of your end has come. You who are rich in plundered treasure, it is time for your lives to be cut off. The LORD who rules over all has solemnly sworn, ‘I will fill your land with enemy soldiers. They will swarm over it like locusts. They will raise up shouts of victory over it.’ He is the one who by his power made the earth. He is the one who by his wisdom fixed the world in place, by his understanding he spread out the heavens. When his voice thunders, the waters in the heavens roar. He makes the clouds rise from the far-off horizons. He makes the lightning flash out in the midst of the rain. He unleashes the wind from the places where he stores it. All idolaters will prove to be stupid and ignorant. Every goldsmith will be disgraced by the idol he made. For the image he forges is merely a sham. There is no breath in any of those idols. They are worthless, objects to be ridiculed. When the time comes to punish them, they will be destroyed. The LORD, who is the portion of the descendants of Jacob, is not like them. For he is the one who created everything, including the people of Israel whom he claims as his own. He is known as the LORD who rules over all. “Babylon, you are my war club, my weapon for battle. I used you to smash nations. I used you to destroy kingdoms. I used you to smash horses and their riders. I used you to smash chariots and their drivers. I used you to smash men and women. I used you to smash old men and young men. I used you to smash young men and young women. I used you to smash shepherds and their flocks. I used you to smash farmers and their teams of oxen. I used you to smash governors and leaders.” “But I will repay Babylon and all who live in Babylonia for all the wicked things they did in Zion right before the eyes of you Judeans,” says the LORD. The LORD says, “Beware! I am opposed to you, Babylon! You are like a destructive mountain that destroys all the earth. I will unleash my power against you; I will roll you off the cliffs and make you like a burned-out mountain. No one will use any of your stones as a cornerstone. No one will use any of them in the foundation of his house. For you will lie desolate forever,” says the LORD. “Raise up battle flags throughout the lands. Sound the trumpets calling the nations to do battle. Prepare the nations to do battle against Babylonia. Call for these kingdoms to attack her: Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz. Appoint a commander to lead the attack. Send horses against her like a swarm of locusts. Prepare the nations to do battle against her. Prepare the kings of the Medes. Prepare their governors and all their leaders. Prepare all the countries they rule to do battle against her. The earth will tremble and writhe in agony. For the LORD will carry out his plan. He plans to make the land of Babylonia a wasteland where no one lives. The soldiers of Babylonia will stop fighting. They will remain in their fortified cities. They will lose their strength to do battle. They will be as frightened as women. The houses in her cities will be set on fire. The gates of her cities will be broken down. One runner after another will come to the king of Babylon. One messenger after another will come bringing news. They will bring news to the king of Babylon that his whole city has been captured. They will report that the fords have been captured, the reed marshes have been burned, the soldiers are terrified. For the LORD God of Israel who rules over all says, ‘Fair Babylon will be like a threshing floor which has been trampled flat for harvest. The time for her to be cut down and harvested will come very soon.’ “King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon devoured me and drove my people out. Like a monster from the deep he swallowed me. He filled his belly with my riches. He made me an empty dish. He completely cleaned me out.” The person who lives in Zion says, “May Babylon pay for

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology the violence done to me and to my relatives.” Jerusalem says, “May those living in Babylonia pay for the bloodshed of my people.” Therefore the LORD says, “I will stand up for your cause. I will pay the Babylonians back for what they have done to you. I will dry up their sea. I will make their springs run dry. Babylon will become a heap of ruins. Jackals will make their home there. It will become an object of horror and of hissing scorn, a place where no one lives. The Babylonians are all like lions roaring for prey. They are like lion cubs growling for something to eat. When their appetites are all stirred up, I will set out a banquet for them. I will make them drunk so that they will pass out, they will fall asleep forever, they will never wake up,” says the LORD. “I will lead them off to be slaughtered like lambs, rams, and male goats.” “See how Babylon has been captured! See how the pride of the whole earth has been taken! See what an object of horror Babylon has become among the nations! The sea has swept over Babylon. She has been covered by a multitude of its waves. The towns of Babylonia have become heaps of ruins. She has become a dry and barren desert. No one lives in those towns any more. No one even passes through them. I will punish the god Bel in Babylon. I will make him spit out what he has swallowed. The nations will not come streaming to him any longer. Indeed, the walls of Babylon will fall.” “Get out of Babylon, my people! Flee to save your lives from the fierce anger of the LORD! Do not lose your courage or become afraid because of the reports that are heard in the land. For a report will come in one year. Another report will follow it in the next. There will be violence in the land with ruler fighting against ruler.” “So the time will certainly come when I will punish the idols of Babylon. Her whole land will be put to shame. All her mortally wounded will collapse in her midst. Then heaven and earth and all that is in them will sing for joy over Babylon. For destroyers from the north will attack it,” says the LORD. “Babylon must fall because of the Israelites she has killed, just as the earth’s mortally wounded fell because of Babylon. You who have escaped the sword, go, do not delay. Remember the LORD in a faraway land. Think about Jerusalem. ‘We are ashamed because we have been insulted. Our faces show our disgrace. For foreigners have invaded the holy rooms in the LORD’s temple.’ Yes, but the time will certainly come,” says the LORD, “when I will punish her idols. Throughout her land the mortally wounded will groan. Even if Babylon climbs high into the sky and fortifies her elevated stronghold, I will send destroyers against her,” says the LORD. Cries of anguish will come from Babylon, the sound of great destruction from the land of the Babylonians. For the LORD is ready to destroy Babylon, and put an end to her loud noise. Their waves will roar like turbulent waters. They will make a deafening noise. For a destroyer is attacking Babylon. Her warriors will be captured; their bows will be broken. For the LORD is a God who punishes; he pays back in full. “I will make her officials and wise men drunk, along with her governors, leaders, and warriors. They will fall asleep forever and never wake up,” says the King whose name is the LORD who rules over all. This is what the LORD who rules over all says, “Babylon’s thick wall will be completely demolished. Her high gates will be set on fire. The peoples strive for what does not satisfy. The nations grow weary trying to get what will be destroyed.” This is the order Jeremiah the prophet gave to Seraiah son of Neriah, son of Mahseiah, when he went to King Zedekiah of Judah in Babylon during the fourth year of his reign. (Seraiah was a quartermaster.) Jeremiah recorded on one scroll all the judgments that would come upon Babylon – all these prophecies written about Babylon. Then Jeremiah said to Seraiah, “When you arrive in Babylon, make sure you read aloud all these

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology prophecies. Then say, ‘O LORD, you have announced that you will destroy this place so that no people or animals live in it any longer. Certainly it will lie desolate forever!’ When you finish reading this scroll aloud, tie a stone to it and throw it into the middle of the Euphrates River. Then say, ‘In the same way Babylon will sink and never rise again because of the judgments I am ready to bring upon her; they will grow faint.’” The prophecies of Jeremiah end here. (Jer. 50&51)

The literal kingdom of “Babylon will sink and never rise again” (51:64). Modern Israel is spiritual Babylon. It has arisen again in these end times and will be destroyed for ever. It was not recreated by God, but rather by secular Zionist political aspirations. Only the Second Coming of Jesus will see the restoration of spiritual Israel, being the Church, which will include the remnant of national Israel (see Romans 11). The Great Prostitute is destroyed in the same manner and with the same wording as ancient Israel and ancient Babylon.

Conclusion

Exegetically there is only one candidate for the Great Prostitute of the Book of Revelation: the modern state of Israel. Readers need to understand that this author is not anti-Semitic, neither does he wish evil upon Israel, least of all its destruction. However, according to New Testament prophecy, its destruction is inevitable. Historical and contemporary events corroborate this thesis.

The most popular historical Protestant interpretation has always been that The Great Prostitute represents Roman Catholicism. There are certainly very close parallels between the two, and the modern state of Israel was not in existence until 1948, so the Papacy was then the only possible candidate until then. However, there is only one consistent fulfillment of this prophecy: the modern state of Israel. The papacy definitely does feature in another entity, though: the first beast of the Book of Revelation.

Preterists have usually interpreted the Great Prostitute as referring to first century Jerusalem or Rome. However, the Great Prostitute is utterly destroyed, never to be rebuilt, as described in the last few verses of chapter 18. Clearly Rome and Jerusalem are currently still standing, and this prophecy is fulfilled just before the Second Coming. Rome is never metaphorically called a prostitute in Scripture, so we have no right to interpret it as such. Jerusalem is called a prostitute numerous times, so we are compelled to follow this pattern.

This is the only interpretation that one can make of this passage if one uses sound Biblical exegesis. It is not a very popular view to have nowadays because of the theology that says that Israel is still ‘God’s Chosen People’. This author does believe that God still has a wonderful plan of salvation for the physical descendents of Isaac just before the return of Jesus (see Roman 11 and Matthew 24). However, Jews today can only be saved in the way that any other person can be saved: through faith and repentance in Jesus the Messiah.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Summary

1. Only Israel or Jerusalem is consistently called a prostitute in Scripture.

2. Jerusalem is clearly identified as “the great city”.

3. The Bible says that the Jews alone are guilty of the blood of the prophets, saints and all the righteous blood shed on earth.

4. Israel has prostituted her priestly role, as reflected in her symbolic adornment.

5. Prophetically, Jerusalem is spiritual Babylon.

6. The bride (the Church) received her bridegroom. The prostitute (Israel) did not.

7. Jerusalem has seven very famous “holy” mountains.

8. Modern Israel was forged out of a “wilderness”.

9. Israel drinks of the cup of drunkenness and God’s wrath.

10. Jews believe that they have been given a Divine right to global financial dominance over other nations.

11. The State of Israel maintains global political dominance over countries through the powerful political lobby of Jews all around the world.

12. The Great Prostitute (the State of Israel) is destroyed in the same manner and with the same wording as ancient Israel and ancient Babylon.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

13. The One World System

1. One World Economic System: A Single World Currency and Central Bank

There is one world economic system coming with a single world currency called the ‘Phoenix’. This was predicted as far back as 1988 by the prestigious The Economist magazine as being planned for introduction in 2018. Of course it will probably, just like the Euro, take a few years or even decades to be implemented globally. On the left is the cover of the 9 January 1988 edition of The Economist magazine. In the middle is the cover of 20 August 2005. On the right is the emblem of the Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation. Which country do you think will control the ‘Phoenix’?

COVER: "GET READY FOR A WORLD CURRENCY" Title of lead article: Get Ready for the Phoenix Source: Economist; 9- 15 January 1988, Vol. 306, pp 9-10

THIRTY years from now, Americans, Japanese, Europeans, and people in many other rich countries, and some relatively poor ones will probably be paying for their shopping with the same currency. Prices will be quoted not in dollars, yen or D-marks but in, let's say, the phoenix. The phoenix will be favoured by companies and shoppers because it will be more convenient than today's national currencies, which by then will seem a quaint cause of much disruption to economic life in the last twentieth century. At the beginning of 1988 this appears an outlandish prediction. Proposals for eventual monetary union proliferated five and ten years ago, but they hardly envisaged the setbacks of 1987. The governments of the big economies tried to move an inch or two towards a more managed system of exchange rates - a logical preliminary, it might seem, to radical monetary reform. For lack of co-operation in their underlying economic policies they bungled it horribly, and provoked the rise in interest rates that brought on the stock market crash of October. These events have chastened exchange-rate reformers. The market crash taught them that the pretence of policy co-operation can be worse than nothing, and that until real co-operation is feasible (i.e., until governments surrender some economic sovereignty) further attempts to peg currencies will flounder.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

But in spite of all the trouble governments have in reaching and (harder still) sticking to international agreements about macroeconomic policy, the conviction is growing that exchange rates cannot be left to themselves. Remember that the Louvre accord and its predecessor, the Plaza agreement of September 1985, were emergency measures to deal with a crisis of currency instability. Between 1983 and 1985 the dollar rose by 34% against the currencies of America's trading partners; since then it has fallen by 42%. Such changes have skewed the pattern of international comparative advantage more drastically in four years than underlying economic forces might do in a whole generation. In the past few days the world's main central banks, fearing another dollar collapse, have again jointly intervened in the currency markets (see page 62). Market- loving ministers such as Britain's Mr. Nigel Lawson have been converted to the cause of exchange-rate stability. Japanese officials take seriously the idea of EMS-like schemes for the main industrial economies. Regardless of the Louvre's embarrassing failure, the conviction remains that something must be done about exchange rates. Something will be, almost certainly in the course of 1988. And not long after the next currency agreement is signed it will go the same way as the last one. It will collapse. Governments are far from ready to subordinate their domestic objectives to the goal of international stability. Several more big exchange-rate upsets, a few more stockmarket crashes and probably a slump or two will be needed before politicians are willing to face squarely up to that choice. This points to a muddled sequence of emergency followed by a patch-up followed by emergency, stretching out far beyond 2018 - except for two things. As time passes, the damage caused by currency instability is gradually going to mount; and the very tends that will make it mount are making the utopia of monetary union feasible. The new world economy The biggest change in the world economy since the early 1970's is that flows of money have replaced trade in goods as the force that drives exchange rates. As a result of the relentless integration of the world's financial markets, differences in national economic policies can disturb interest rates (or expectations of future interest rates) only slightly, yet still call forth huge transfers of financial assets from one country to another. These transfers swamp the flow of trade revenues in their effect on the demand and supply for different currencies, and hence in their effect on exchange rates. As telecommunications technology continues to advance, these transactions will be cheaper and faster still. With uncoordinated economic policies, currencies can get only more volatile. Alongside that trend is another - of ever-expanding opportunities for international trade. This too is the gift of advancing technology. Falling transport costs will make it easier for countries thousands of miles apart to compete in each others' markets. The law of one price (that a good should cost the same everywhere, once prices are converted into a single currency) will increasingly assert itself. Politicians permitting, national economies will follow their financial markets - becoming ever more open to the outside world. This will apply to labour as much as to goods, partly thorough migration but also through technology's ability to separate the worker form the point at which he delivers his labour. Indian computer operators will be processing New Yorkers' paychecks.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

In all these ways national economic boundaries are slowly dissolving. As the trend continues, the appeal of a currency union across at least the main industrial countries will seem irresistible to everybody except foreign-exchange traders and governments. In the phoenix zone, economic adjustment to shifts in relative prices would happen smoothly and automatically, rather as it does today between different regions within large economies (a brief on pages 74-75 explains how). The absence of all currency risk would spur trade, investment and employment. The phoenix zone would impose tight constraints on national governments. There would be no such thing, for instance, as a national monetary policy. The world phoenix supply would be fixed by a new central bank, descended perhaps from the IMF. The world inflation rate - and hence, within narrow margins, each national inflation rate- would be in its charge. Each country could use taxes and public spending to offset temporary falls in demand, but it would have to borrow rather than print money to finance its budget deficit. With no recourse to the inflation tax, governments and their creditors would be forced to judge their borrowing and lending plans more carefully than they do today. This means a big loss of economic sovereignty, but the trends that make the phoenix so appealing are taking that sovereignty away in any case. Even in a world of more-or-less floating exchange rates, individual governments have seen their policy independence checked by an unfriendly outside world. As the next century approaches, the natural forces that are pushing the world towards economic integration will offer governments a broad choice. They can go with the flow, or they can build barricades. Preparing the way for the phoenix will mean fewer pretended agreements on policy and more real ones. It will mean allowing and then actively promoting the private-sector use of an international money alongside existing national monies. That would let people vote with their wallets for the eventual move to full currency union. The phoenix would probably start as a cocktail of national currencies, just as the Special Drawing Right is today. In time, though, its value against national currencies would cease to matter, because people would choose it for its convenience and the stability of its purchasing power. The alternative - to preserve policymaking autonomy- would involve a new proliferation of truly draconian controls on trade and capital flows. This course offers governments a splendid time. They could manage exchange-rate movements, deploy monetary and fiscal policy without inhibition, and tackle the resulting bursts of inflation with prices and incomes polices. It is a growth-crippling prospect. Pencil in the phoenix for around 2018, and welcome it when it comes.

[Entire article quoted in full and issue covers reprinted from www.economist.com .]

What is the significance of the ‘Phoenix’?

"Among the ancients a fabulous bird called the Phoenix is described by early writers ... in size and shape it resembles the eagle, but with certain differences. The body of the Phoenix is one covered with glossy purple feathers, and the plumes in its tail are alternately blue and red. The head of the bird is light in color, and about its neck is a circlet of golden plumage. At the back of its back the Phoenix has a crest of feathers of

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology brilliant color ... The Phoenix, it is said, lives for 500 years, and at its death its body opens and the new born Phoenix emerges. Because of this symbolism, the Phoenix is generally regarded as representing immortality and resurrection ... The Phoenix is one sign of the secret orders of the ancient world and of the initiate of those orders, for it was common to refer to one who had been accepted into the temples as a man twice-born, or reborn. Wisdom confers a new life, and those who become wise are born again." Freemasonic author, Manly P. Hall, 33rd Degree, in The Phoenix: An Illustrated Review of Occultism and Philosophy, pp. 176-7.

"These were the immortals to whom the term 'phoenix' was applied, and their symbol was the mysterious two-headed bird, now called an eagle, a familiar and little understood Masonic emblem." Manly P. Hall, in The Lost Keys of Freemasonry, p. 108. "Masonry makes no profession of Christianity… but looks forward to the time when the labor of our ancient brethren shall be symbolized by the erection of a spiritual temple… in which there shall be but one altar and one worship; one common altar of Masonry on which the Veda, Shatra, Sade, Zeda-Avesta, Koran and the Holy Bible shall at who's shrine the Hindu, the Persian, the Assyrian, the Chaldean, the Egyptian, the Chinese, the Mohammedan, the Jew and the Christian may kneel." [The Kentucky Monitor, Fellowcraft Degree, p. 95 ]

Global Freemasonry is seeking to introduce a One-World Currency from 2018 onwards. So, which bank will function as the Global Central Bank to control and print this one world currency? The World Bank? The IMF? No, the Bank for International Settlements.

Herewith follows an article printed from the http://www.prisonplanet.com website.

Former Nazi Bank to Rule the Global Economy

The global elite has chosen the Bank for International Settlements, which financed Hitler’s war machine, to boss the financial arm of the new world order.

European Central Bank chief Jean-Claude Trichet’s announcement that the Bank for International Settlements is to become the primary engine for global governance is a shocking admission given the fact that this ultra-secretive menagerie of international bankers was once controlled by top Nazis who, in collusion with global central banks, funneled money through the institution which directly financed Hitler’s war machine.

During a speech to the elitist CFR organization earlier this week, ECB head Trichet said that the Global Economy Meeting (GEM), which regularly meets at the BIS headquarters in Basel, “Has become the prime group for global governance among central banks”.

The GEM is basically a policy steering committee under the umbrella of the Bank for International Settlements. In its current form, the BIS, which itself is not accountable to any national government, is comprised of banking chiefs from global central banks, most of which are private and also have no responsibility to their nation states or their citizens.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

The board of directors who control the BIS include Federal Reserve chief Ben Bernanke and Bank of England head Mervyn King, as well as Trichet himself.

So how did the Bank for International Settlements get started? The BIS was founded in 1930 by Governor of The Bank of England, Montague Norman and his German colleague Hjalmar Schacht, who later became Adolf Hitler’s finance minister.

The bank was initially founded in order to facilitate money transfers related to German reparations arising out of the Treaty of Versailles, but by the start of the second world war, the BIS was largely controlled by top Nazi officials, people like Walter Funk, who was appointed Nazi propaganda minister in 1933 before going on to become Hitler’s Minister for Economic Affairs. Another BIS director during this period was Emil Puhl, who as director and vice-president of Germany’s Reichsbank was responsible for moving Nazi gold. Both Funk and Puhl were convicted at the Nuremberg trials as war criminals.

Other BIS directors included Herman Schmitz, the director of IG Farben, whose subsidiary company manufactured Zyklon B, the pesticide used in Nazi concentration camp gas chambers to kill Jews and political dissidents during the Holocaust. IG Farben worked closely with John D. Rockefeller’s United States-based Standard Oil Co during the second world war.

Baron von Schroeder, the owner of the J.H. Stein Bank, the bank that held the deposits of the Gestapo, was also a BIS director during the war period.

As Charles Higham’s widely acclaimed book Trading With The Enemy, How the Allied multinationals supplied Nazi Germany throughout World War Two, points out, several parties at the Bretton Woods Conference in July 1944 wanted to see the Bank for International Settlements liquidated, because its role in aiding Nazi Germany loot occupied European countries during the war. Norway called for the bank to be shut down, a view supported by Harry Dexter White, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury and Henry Morgenthau, but the BIS survived despite its highly contentious Nazi influence.

Higham writes that the BIS became, “A money funnel for American and British funds to flow into Hitler’s coffers and to help Hitler build up his machine,” founded by Nazi finance minister Hjalmar Schacht on the basis that the “Institution that would retain channels of communication and collusion between the world’s financial leaders even in the event of an international conflict. It was written into the Bank’s charter, concurred in by the respective governments, that the BIS should be immune from seizure, closure or censure, whether or not its owners were at war.”

“The BIS was completely under Hitler’s control by the outbreak of World War II,” writes Higham. “Among the directors under Thomas H. McKittrick were Hermann Shmitz, head of the colossal Nazi industrial trust I.G. Farben, Baron Kurt von Schroder, head of the J.H. Stein Bank of Cologne and a leading officer and financier of the Gestapo; Dr. Walther Funk of the Reichsbank, and, of course, Emil Puhl. These last two figures were Hitler’s personal appointees to the board.”

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Higham details how the gold looted from countries invaded by the Nazis was packed into vaults controlled by the Bank for International Settlements, and how Nazis who controlled the bank then forbade any discussion of the theft.

“The BIS was an instrument of Hitler, but its continuing existence was approved by Great Britain even after that country went to war with Germany, and the British director Sir Otto Niemeyer, and chairman Montagu Norman, remained in office throughout the war,” writes Higham, explaining how Washington State Congressman John M. Coffee objected to American money being invested with the bank in 1944.

“The Nazi government has 85 million Swiss gold francs on deposit in the BIS. The majority of the board is made up of Nazi officials. Yet American money is being deposited in the Bank,” complained Coffee.

In 1948, the BIS was finally compelled to hand over a mere £4 million in looted Nazi gold to the allies, and thanks to people like Harry Truman and the Rockefeller family, the bank was not dissolved. One of its most influential directors, Nazi banker Emil Puhl was later invited to the United States as a guest of honor in 1950.

Despite its inglorious past, the Bank For International Settlements continues today as a major management arm of the global elite. The bank wields power through its control of vast amounts of global currencies. The BIS controls no less than 7% of the world’s available foreign exchange funds, as well as owning 712 tons of gold bullion, presumably a sizeable portion of which is the bullion which was stolen from occupied countries by the Nazis who controlled the bank during the war.

“By controlling foreign exchange currency, plus gold, the BIS can go a long way toward determining the economic conditions in any given country,” writes Doug Casey. “Remember that the next time Ben Bernanke or European Central Bank President Jean- Claude Trichet announces an interest rate hike. You can bet it didn’t happen without the concurrence of the BIS Board.”

The BIS is basically a huge slush fund for global government through which secret transfers of wealth from citizens are surreptitiously handed to the IMF.

“For example, U.S. taxpayer monies can be passed through BIS to the IMF and from there anywhere. In essence, the BIS launders the money, since there is no specific accounting of where particular deposits came from and where they went,” writes Casey.

The fact that top Nazis were intimately involved in the activity of a global central bank that is now being touted as the primary powerhouse of the economic arm of world government is frightening. Every time we delve into the origins of the march towards world government, we find that top Nazis were instrumental in setting up and managing the same institutions that today seek to manage the imposition of global government.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Just as with the institutions that comprised the embryonic stages of the European Union, Nazi fingerprints are all over the origins of the move towards a global authority ruling the planet with nation states and sovereignty playing second fiddle. This fact demolishes any notion that global government is benevolent, humanitarian or progressive. Centralization of power into the hands of the few is inherently undemocratic, elitist, and to the detriment of the people.

The Nazis who breathed life into the same framework of global authoritarianism being used to set up world government today may have been usurped by an elite altogether more patient in their bid to impose a dictatorship run by banking dynasties, but the ultimate agenda remains the same – world government by consent or conquest.

Source: Paul Joseph Watson www.Prison Planet.com Friday, April 30, 2010

2. One World Religious System: Neo-Paganism

What is the religion of the Antichrist?

What he will honor is a god of fortresses – a god his fathers did not acknowledge he will honor with gold, silver, valuable stones, and treasured commodities. He will attack mighty fortresses, aided by a foreign deity. To those who recognize him he will grant considerable honor. He will place them in authority over many people, and he will parcel out land for a price. (Dan. 11:38-39)

Assuming that Antichrist is the President of Europe, his ‘fathers’ were probably Christians and likely Roman Catholic. However, he will “honour a god of fortresses” or a god of war. There are many candidates for this god, as almost every pagan and polytheistic culture has had a ‘god of war’. Significantly, the northern European pagan religion of Asatru, Odinism or Wotanism worships a god of war.

Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits, whether they are of God; because many false prophets have gone out into the world. By this you know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is of God, and every spirit that does not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is not of God. And this is the spirit of the Antichrist, which you have heard was coming, and is now already in the world. (1 John 4:1-3)

The antichrist spirit denies that Jesus has come in the flesh i.e. the incarnation. This could be that they deny the physical existence of Jesus completely, but more likely that they deny that He is God incarnate, and could accept Him as simply a prophet, good man or one of the many manifestations of the ‘christ’ spirit. The English word ‘antichrist’ comes from the Greek antichristos. The Greek term anti means ‘to be against’ and/or ‘to take the place of’. The Antichrist will be both against Jesus and claim to be the Christ, anointed one, or promised Messiah, that has come to save the world.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

The Religion of the Antichrist

The Antichrist will deny his Christian heritage and revert to his northern Germanic neo- pagan and polytheistic roots, and practice a form of Asatru, Odinism or Wotanism. This religion was practiced by the pre-Christian tribes of Scandanavia and northern Europe, before they were Christianized by the Holy Roman Empire. They were polytheists (worshipped many gods and godesses), just like most other nations in the world. The gods have their equivalent in ancient Greece and Rome, as well as places like India and South America. It would seem that they all have a common origin in ancient Babylonia, and the post-deluvian world. The Antichrist will seek to reverse the after-effects of the Tower of Babel, and unite the world in a common currency (Phoenix), and religion (neo- paganism), and attempt to impose a global political New World Order.

Around 1800 the Romantic Movement moved many Germans and Scandanavians to research their ancient heritage and find their pre-Christian roots in ancient pagan religions. Much literature was written and translated documenting the religion of the Germanic nations before the domination of the Holy Roman Empire (800 -1806 AD) for a millennium. J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy (1954) illustrates much of Germanic neo-pagan mythology and cosmology. There is nothing Christian about it, even though many Christians claim that it has many hidden Biblical symbols. The recent film Thor (2011) is another piece of neo-pagan propaganda.

Asatru believes that great warriors join the gods in Valhalla (heaven), that ordinary good people are blessed with a spiritual afterlife (some reincarnated), and the ordinary bad people punished with spiritual suffering. Humans can commune with and be guided by their dead ancestors in the spirit world. Natural law guides humans in a non-legalistic manner, with an emphasis on family and community. Biological evolution guides nature and humans into higher states of consciousness. Asatru means ‘being true’ in the context of family loyalty. The Nine Noble Virtues are Courage, Truth, Honor, Loyalty, Hospitality, Discipline, Industriousness, Self-reliance, and Perseverance.

Asatru has no Scriptures, but they do have the ancient Runes (Germanic symbols representing truths to live by), Eddas and Sagas (stories). Asatru have no churches and no full-time priests, but they gather regularly in communities or Kindreds led by elders in their temples. There is no centralized organizational structure and no ‘pope’ to lead them. The term ‘Gothar’ refers to the collective priesthood of the community and the singular is a ‘Gothi’. Blots are animal sacrifices that are done at home in private with the family and in public with the Asatru community on altars. Asatru Kindreds celebrate various festivals, but the most important is Yuletide around the winter solstice. This is the origin of Christmas, with the use of decorated evergreen trees (Jer. 10:1-5). They also celebrate Ostara, the original pagan festival that Easter is based on. In Christian tradition, the death and resurrection of Jesus is remembered by the Lord’s Supper, not Easter.

The Asatru community is growing, especially amongst the working class, especially poor whites. The prison system has huge amounts of neo-Nazi groups that practice Asatru. The inner circles of the Nazis practiced this form of Germanic neo-paganism. The SS had its

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology own religious books and rituals, as well as annual festivals and celebrations. Odin or Wotan is the main god. Thor, the god of war, is one of his sons. The hammer of Thor is one of the religious symbols used in the Kindred ceremonies for blessing and cursing. Other weapons of war like spears, helmets and shields are also important symbols. Asatru is a militant religion, that is why so many of its adherents are in prison, and they often label themselves as patriots. More often than not, they are also racists and white supremacists, Aryans that believe in the superiority of the European, Caucasian, white race.

How, then does this religious system link in with the emerging global political system?

3. One World Political System: National Socialism/Fascist Dictatorship

The United Nations is working towards a one world political system. It was founded in 1945 immediately after the Second World War by 51 countries. According to its website (www.un.org) the organization (now comprising 192 states) has four main purposes: 1. To keep peace throughout the world; 2. To develop friendly relations among nations; 3. To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms; and 4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.

The Bible has some interesting things to say about these purposes.

First of all, then, I urge that requests, prayers, intercessions, and thanks be offered on behalf of all people, even for kings and all who are in authority, that we may lead a peaceful and quiet life in all godliness and dignity. (1 Tim. 2:1&2)

If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all people. (Rom. 12:18)

Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you; I do not give it to you as the world does. Do not let your hearts be distressed or lacking in courage. (John 14:27)

Rejoice in the Lord always. Again I say, rejoice! Let everyone see your gentleness. The Lord is near! Do not be anxious about anything. Instead, in every situation, through prayer and petition with thanksgiving, tell your requests to God. And the peace of God that surpasses all understanding will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. (Phil. 4:4-7)

“Do not think that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I have not come to bring peace but a sword. For I have come to set a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law, and a man’s enemies will be the members of his household. (Matt. 10:34-36)

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Now on the topic of times and seasons, brothers and sisters, you have no need for anything to be written to you. For you know quite well that the day of the Lord will come in the same way as a thief in the night. Now when they are saying, “There is peace and security,” then sudden destruction comes on them, like labor pains on a pregnant woman, and they will surely not escape. But you, brothers and sisters, are not in the darkness for the day to overtake you like a thief would. For you all are sons of the light and sons of the day. We are not of the night nor of the darkness. So then we must not sleep as the rest, but must stay alert and sober. (1 Thess. 5:1-6)

The Security Council of the United Nations currently has only five permanent members: USA, UK, France, China and the Russian Federation. The United Nations has understandably been anti-Israeli throughout its existence. There are many Muslim member nations. Only USA and some European nations have supported Israel and often vetoed key Security Council resolutions against Israel. It will one day preside over the UN-sanctioned destruction of Israel as a nation. This will probably be as a result of the destruction of the Al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount during the construction of the Third Jewish Temple. However, the Antichrist will never take full political control of the world through the UN. Instead I believe that he will use NATO to attack the Muslim world and Israel, and take control of Jerusalem.

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) was also formed after the Second World War. It is a political and military alliance in the northern hemisphere covering both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 28 member states, most of them EU countries, and including the United States and Canada, as well as Turkey. Spelled backwards (which form appears frequently on its website) it is OTAN (the French form of the acronym), the phonetic equivalent of Wotan or Odin, the North European God of War.

NATO, probably without the Jewish-controlled Britain, Canada, America, Australia and New Zealand, will try to enforce a global economic, political religious system on the world through military force. As Daniel documents, however, it will not succeed.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

14. The Name and Mark of the Beast

There are only three references, all in the Book of Revelation, to ‘The Mark of the Beast’. The first Scripture clearly links the ones having ‘the mark of the beast’ (in the original Greek) to “the ones worshiping its image”. They are one and the same.

1 Then I heard a loud voice from the temple saying to the seven angels, “Go and pour out the bowls of the wrath of God on the earth.” 2 So the first went and poured out his bowl upon the earth, and a foul and loathsome sore came upon the men who had the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. (Rev. 16:1&2) The second passage gives us more detail.

15 He was granted power to give breath to the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak and cause as many as would not worship the image of the beast to be killed. 16 He causes all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, 17 and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. 18 Here is wisdom. Let him who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man: His number is 666. (Rev. 13:15-18)

From this passage we can deduce: 1. Those who will not worship the image of the beast are killed. 2. The worshippers of the image are given a mark on the right hand or forehead. 3. Only worshippers are permitted to buy and sell, presumably with money, though other people could probably still use bartering or other forms of currency. 4. There are three possible ways (all the same) of showing yourself to be a worshipper of the beast: a. Have the mark (probably some kind of permanent tattoo). b. Have his name (not just his initials or title). c. Have the number of his name (definitely calculated in languages). d. Hence the equation: The Mark = His Name = The Number of His Name 5. Wisdom is demonstrated through calculating the number of the beast: a. It is the number of a man. b. The number is 666.

This brings us to the third and final Scripture.

19 And I saw the beast, the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against Him who sat on the horse and against His army. 20 Then the beast was captured, and with him the false prophet who worked signs in his presence, by which he deceived those who received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. These two were cast alive into the lake of fire burning with brimstone. (Rev. 19:19&20)

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

There is a lot of speculation about the meaning of the number of the beast. Everyone from the Roman Caesars, Roman Catholic popes to modern leaders like Napoleon, Hitler and George Bush have had their names calculated as representing 666. English had not been formed by this time and was unknown. It is pointless doing calculations in English or other modern languages.

Clearly, the beast whose number is referred to is the First Beast of Revelation, not the Second. The Second Beast is also called ‘The False Prophet’. As we have seen, the First Beast is the leader of Europe, the President of the European Union, the successor of the Holy Roman Emperor. Western Europe has always been known as the Latin Kingdom, since the crowning of Charlemagne in 800AD by the Pope. The Holy Roman Empire had the full name Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The word ‘German’ is Deutsch in German, which comes from Teutsch, the name also given to the Teutonic (German) Knights. Teutsch refers to the followers of Teuton (Germanic) or Teitan (Greek) or Titan (English). Hence, the Germans were the ancient followers of the Sun god and god of war: Titan.

The Sun god or Solar deity has always been considered the chief and most powerful of the gods in pagan religions all over the world. The pagan festival of the Birth of the Unconquered Sun (Dies Natalis Solis Invicti or Sol Invictus) was celebrated on 25 December in the Roman Empire as the most important celebration of the year.

The name of the Sun god (and god of war) in different cultures includes: Scandanavia – Odin Germany – Wotan or Woden Greece – Helios or Titan Babylon – Saturn

How does one go about doing this calculation of 666? There were four dominant languages in use in the Near East in Biblical times: Greek, Latin, Chaldean and Hebrew.

In Greek

The New Testament was written in Koine Greek, the common language of the people around the Mediterranean. Here is Revelation chapter 13 in the Received, Majority and Byzantine Koine Greek Text:

17 και ινα μη τις δυνηται αγορασαι η πωλησαι ει μη ο εχων το χαραγμα η το ονομα του θηριου η τον αριθμον του ονοματος αυτου 18 ωδε η σοφια εστιν ο εχων τον νουν ψηφισατω τον αριθμον του θηριου αριθμος γαρ ανθρωπου εστιν και ο αριθμος αυτου χξς.

In Koine Greek Isopsephy each letter represents a number (see appended Greek Letters as Numbers table). Hence a name could be calculated as representing a number, and so the term ‘666’ looked like this:

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Capital Letters Small Letters

 or 600 60 6 600 60 6 = 666

Exercise: Write these letters on someone’s forehead and let them look in the mirror. What English word do you see every time you look in the mirror? Interesting, isn’t it? Is there something here? Maybe not. It is not a name, just letters, maybe initials.

Irenaeus (the pupil of Polycarp, the pupil of the Apostle John, who wrote the Revelation) understood 666 to possibly refer to the Koine Greek word ‘Lateinos’ (Latin kingdom).

 30 1 300 5 10 50 70 200 = 666

However, although this works out quite conveniently, and it certainly reflects the early church’s persecution by the Roman (Latin) ‘beast’, it is not the number of a man, nor his name. This certainly does not help the Preterist position (which says it was one or all of the Roman Caesars), it simply shows that Irenaeus believed that it would be a Latin Kingdom, which Western Europe has been for two millennia.

The name ‘Teitan’ or ‘Titan’ was further identified by Irenaeus (2nd century), Victorinus of Pettau (3rd century), Andrew of Caesarea (563 – 637), and Arethas of Caesarea (860 – 932) as a likely name of the Antichrist. It certainly has significant historical precedence.

T E I T A N Sum 300 5 10 300 1 50 666

The Chaldean (Babylonian) equivalent of Teitan, which is Saturn or Stur, calculated according to the Chaldean numbering system (which is quite complex) is:

S T U R Sum 60 400 6 200 666 90

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

According to Alexander Hislop in his volume The Two Babylons (1858, pp. 176, 180-2):

“To those who were initiated the god was revealed; to all else he was hidden. Now, the name Saturn in Chaldee [Babylonian] is pronounced Satur; but, as every Chaldee scholar knows, consists only of four letters, thus - Stur. This name contains exactly the Apocalyptic number 666: S = 060; T = 400; U = 006; R = 200.

It was long ago noticed by Irenaeus, about the end of the second century, that the name Teitan contained the Mystic number 666; and he gave it as his opinion that Teitan was “by far the most probable name" of the beast from the sea. Though the name Teitan was originally derived from Chaldee, yet it became thoroughly naturalised in the Greek language. Therefore, to give the more abundant evidence on this important subject, the Spirit of God seems to have ordered it, that the number of Teitan should be found according to the Greek computation, while that of Satur is found by the Chaldee.

The grounds of his opinion, as stated by him, do not carry much weight; but the opinion itself he may have derived from others who had better and more valid reasons for their belief on this subject. Now, on inquiry, it will actually be found, that while Saturn was the name of the visible head, Teitan was the name of the invisible head of the beast. Teitan is just the Chaldean form of Sheitan, the very name by which Satan has been called from time immemorial by the Devil-worshippers of Kurdistan; and from Armenia or Kurdistan, this Devil worship embodied in the Chaldean Mysteries came westward to Asia Minor, and thence to Etruria and Rome.

The learned reader has no need of examples in proof of this frequent Chaldean transformation of the Sh or S into T; but for the common reader, the following may be adduced: Hebrew, Shekel, to weigh, becomes Tekel in Chaldee; Hebrew, Shabar, to break - Chaldee, Tabar; Hebrew, Seraphim - Chaldee, Teraphim, the Babylonian counterfeit of the Divine Cherubim or Seraphim; Hebrew, Asar, to be rich--Chaldee, Atar; Hebrew, Shani, second - Chaldee, Tanin, etc.

That Teitan was actually known by the classic nations of antiquity to be Satan, or the spirit of wickedness, and originator of moral evil, we have the following proofs: The history of Teitan and his brethren, as given in Homer and Hesiod, the two earliest of all the Greek writers, although later legends are obviously mixed up with it, is evidently the exact counterpart of the Scriptural account of Satan and his angels. Homer says, that "all the gods of Tartarus," or Hell, "were called Teitans." Hesiod tells us how these Teitans, or "gods of hell," came to have their dwelling there. The chief of them having committed a certain act of wickedness against his father, the supreme god of heaven, with the sympathy of many others of the "sons of heaven," that father "called them all by an opprobrious name, Teitans," pronounced a curse upon them, and then, in consequence of that curse, they were "cast down to hell," and "bound in chains of darkness" in the abyss.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

While this is the earliest account of Teitan and his followers among the Greeks, we find that, in the Chaldean system, Teitan was just a synonym for Typhon, the malignant Serpent or Dragon, who was universally regarded as the Devil, or author of all wickedness. It was Typhon, according to the Pagan version of the story, that killed Tammuz, and cut him in pieces; but Lactantius, who was thoroughly acquainted with the subject, upbraids his Pagan countrymen for "worshipping a child torn in pieces by the Teitans." It is undeniable, then, that Teitan, in Pagan belief, was identical with the Dragon, or Satan.”

In Latin

Latin was the language of the Roman Empire (at the time of the early church) and the Holy Roman Empire. The first six primary Roman numerals in Latin (IVXLCD) also represent letters, and they add up to (yes, you guessed it) a total of 666.

I V X L C D 1 5 10 50 100 500 = 666

Note: V and U were often used interchangeably. Hence, DUX could be written DVX.

Victorinus of Pettau, identified Diclux, the Latin equivalent of Teitan, as a possibility.

D I C L VX Sum 500 1 100 50 5 10 666

In the twentieth century, there have been two modern candidates for the 666.

One alternative name could be: The Leader (English - The Duke ) (German - Der Fuhrer) (Latin - Il Duce)

I L D V C X Sum 1 50 500 5 100 10 666

Interestingly this title was given to both Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, the Fascist leaders of Nazi Germany and Italy.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Hebrew

666 is also the number of SVRT, the Hebrew word for the Sun. It occurs in Revelation xiii. 18

S V R T Sum 60 6 R 400 666

Egyptian

Athanasius Kircher the Jesuit states that the ancient Egyptians associated numbers to the Planets, with the sun (Sol) as follows: 6, 36, 111, 666

Other Significant Calculations of the Number of the Beast

Historicists identify Vicarius Filii Dei (the Vicar of the Son of God), a title of the Pope, as the name of Antichrist using Latin letters. Adding the letters gives a total of 666.

V I C A R I V S F I L I I D E I Sum 5 1 100 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 50 1 1 500 0 1 666

However, his title is actually more accurately ‘Vicar of Christ’ (not ‘the Son of God’).

Preterists commonly identify the Roman Caesar Nero as the Antichrist. The Greek nrwn ,"נרון קסר" spelling of Nerōn Kaisar, transliterates into the Aramaic (Hebrew) as qsr. The Aramaic spelling is found in a scroll from Murabba'at dated to the second year of Emperor Nero. Adding the letters from right to left according to the Hebrew Gematria as numbers that they represent gives a total of 666.

Sum(נ) Noon (ר) Resh (ו) Vav(נ) Noon (ק) Qof (ס) Samech (ר) Resh 200 60 100 50 6 200 50 666

Conclusion

The letters in the many variations of the name of Titan, the Sun god and god of War, add up to 666 in five different ancient languages:  Koine Greek = Teitan,  Chaldean (Babylonian) = Saturn  Latin = Dic Lux  Hebrew = SVR, and  Egyptian = Sol (Sun) using the relevant numbering system in each language. This is quite a convincing argument. The mark of the beast could eventually look something like this:

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

What the Mark of the Beast is NOT

1. The actual number 666 in any language (English, Greek, Latin or Hebrew).

2. The barcode on products (though it may be a method of control in the end).

3. An implant under the skin (though it may be a method of control in the end).

4. The Muslim word for Allah (though Muslims are against the Biblical Jesus).

5. The www of internet addresses (though it has electronic daemons).

6. The Jewish star of David (though it is an occultic symbol, not Biblical).

7. The title of Vicarius Fili Dei of the Pope through baptism (Historicist).

8. The name Neron Kaiser (Nero Caesar) in Aramaic (Preterist).

Some or more of these may be part of the system of control that the Antichrist imposes, but they are not actually the ‘Mark of the Beast’.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

15. The Battle of Armageddon

There are two passages in the Book of Revelation describing the Battle of Armageddon.

The Sixth Bowl

12 Then the sixth angel poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates and dried up its water to prepare the way for the kings from the east. 13 Then I saw three unclean spirits that looked like frogs coming out of the mouth of the dragon, out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. 14 For they are the spirits of the demons performing signs who go out to the kings of the earth to bring them together for the battle that will take place on the great day of God, the All-Powerful. 15 (Look! I will come like a thief! Blessed is the one who stays alert and does not lose his clothes so that he will not have to walk around naked and his shameful condition be seen.) 16 Now the spirits gathered the kings and their armies to the place that is called Armageddon in Hebrew. (Rev. 16:12-16)

The Sixth Trumpet

13 Then the sixth angel blew his trumpet, and I heard a single voice coming from the horns on the golden altar that is before God, 14 saying to the sixth angel, the one holding the trumpet, “Set free the four angels who are bound at the great river Euphrates!” 15 Then the four angels who had been prepared for this hour, day, month, and year were set free to kill a third of humanity. 16 The number of soldiers on horseback was two hundred million; I heard their number. 17 Now this is what the horses and their riders looked like in my vision: The riders had breastplates that were fiery red, dark blue, and sulfurous yellow in color. The heads of the horses looked like lions’ heads, and fire, smoke, and sulfur came out of their mouths. 18 A third of humanity was killed by these three plagues, that is, by the fire, the smoke, and the sulfur that came out of their mouths. 19 For the power of the horses resides in their mouths and in their tails, because their tails are like snakes, having heads that inflict injuries. 20 The rest of humanity, who had not been killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands, so that they did not stop worshiping demons and idols made of gold, silver, bronze, stone, and wood – idols that cannot see or hear or walk about. 21 Furthermore, they did not repent of their murders, of their magic spells, of their sexual immorality, or of their stealing. (Rev. 9:13-21)

Here we have 4 P’s. 1. Proclamation: The chronology of the sixth angel with the bowl and trumpet. 2. People: The armies of the Kings of the East cross the Euphrates River. 3. Place: Armageddon is the valley of Megiddo just north of Jerusalem. 4. Purpose: To fight the Battle of the world’s armies at the coming of Jesus. (Initially against each other, but then against the Coming Lord.)

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

These passages link to several others in the Old and New Testament.

41 Then he will enter the beautiful land. Many will fall, but these will escape: Edom, Moab, and the Ammonite leadership. 42 He will extend his power against other lands; the land of Egypt will not escape. 43 He will have control over the hidden stores of gold and silver, as well as all the treasures of Egypt. Libyans and Ethiopians will submit to him. 44 But reports will trouble him from the east and north, and he will set out in a tremendous rage to destroy and wipe out many. 45 He will pitch his royal tents between the seas toward the beautiful holy mountain. But he will come to his end, with no one to help him. (Dan. 11:41-45) The Antichrist will get opposition from the Kings of the East.

3 Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction. 4 He opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship, and as a result he takes his seat in God’s temple, displaying himself as God. 5 Surely you recall that I used to tell you these things while I was still with you. 6 And so you know what holds him back, so that he will be revealed in his own time. 7 For the hidden power of lawlessness is already at work. However, the one who holds him back will do so until he is taken out of the way, 8 and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival. 9 The arrival of the lawless one will be by Satan’s working with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders, 10 and with every kind of evil deception directed against those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved. 11 Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false. 12 And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned. (2 Thess. 2:3 – 12)

The Antichrist will be destroyed by Jesus at His Second Coming.

11 Then I saw heaven opened and here came a white horse! The one riding it was called “Faithful” and “True,” and with justice he judges and goes to war. 12 His eyes are like a fiery flame and there are many diadem crowns on his head. He has a name written that no one knows except himself. 13 He is dressed in clothing dipped in blood, and he is called the Word of God. 14 The armies that are in heaven, dressed in white, clean, fine linen, were following him on white horses. 15 From his mouth extends a sharp sword, so that with it he can strike the nations. He will rule them with an iron rod, and he stomps the winepress of the furious wrath of God, the All-Powerful. 16 He has a name written on his clothing and on his thigh: “King of kings and Lord of lords.”17 Then I saw one angel standing in the sun, and he shouted in a loud voice to all the birds flying high in the sky: “Come, gather around for the great banquet of God, 18 to eat your fill of the flesh of kings, the flesh of generals, the flesh of powerful people, the flesh of horses and those who ride them, and the flesh of all people, both free and slave,

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

and small and great!” 19 Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army. 20 Now the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf – signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. 21 The others were killed by the sword that extended from the mouth of the one who rode the horse, and all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh. (Rev. 19:17-21)

Here we see that: 1. The armies of the Kings of the East (and the North) [Russia, China, Japan, India, etc.] originally seem to come to fight the Antichrist and his armies (the Kings of the West) (Daniel 11:44). 2. They cross the Euphrates River, and gather in the Valley of Meggido (Armageddon) in the north of Israel (the sixth bowl and trumpet). 3. However, it seems that it is at this point that the seventh bowl and trumpet are released, bringing the simultaneous Rapture of the Saints and Coming of Jesus. 4. The focus of the armies of the Kings of the West and the East then seems to switch to fighting Jesus and His heavenly armies (Rev. 19:19). 5. The 200 million soldiers (Rev. 9:16) are obviously completely routed and destroyed. 6. Antichrist and the False Prophet are Destroyed with the Armies. 7. Jesus then will stand on the Mount of Olives and claim Jerusalem for His Saints, which will introduce the 1000 year (Millennium) reign on the earth.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

16. The Rapture of the Saints

‘Rapture’ is not a Biblical word, just like ‘Trinity’, but it does explain a Biblical truth. Christians will rise to meet the Lord in the air when He returns to earth a second time. There is much speculation about the Rapture. A few questions must be asked.

1. When will the Rapture happen? 2. How will it happen? 3. What will be the result?

Let us look at all the relevant scriptures and inductively find the answers.

Some (of the surviving humans on the earth) will be taken (to meet the Lord in the air)

36 “But as for that day and hour no one knows it – not even the angels in heaven – except the Father alone. 37 For just like the days of Noah were, so the coming of the Son of Man will be. 38 For in those days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day Noah entered the ark. 39 And they knew nothing until the flood came and took them all away. It will be the same at the coming of the Son of Man. 40 Then there will be two men in the field; one will be taken and one left. 41 There will be two women grinding grain with a mill; one will be taken and one left. 42 “Therefore stay alert, because you do not know on what day your Lord will come. 43 But understand this: If the owner of the house had known at what time of night the thief was coming, he would have been alert and would not have let his house be broken into. 44 Therefore you also must be ready, because the Son of Man will come at an hour when you do not expect him. (Matt. 24:36-44)

The context of this passage is the Great Tribulation. Christians will go through it. Who will be taken? Those who are spiritually ready: who have repented of their sin. Who will not be taken? Those who are not spiritually ready and have not repented.

Christians Will Be Redeemed (bought back) by Jesus (at His Second Coming)

25 “And there will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, and on the earth nations will be in distress, anxious over the roaring of the sea and the surging waves. 26 People will be fainting from fear and from the expectation of what is coming on the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken. 27 Then they will see the Son of Man arriving in a cloud with power and great glory. 28 But when these things begin to happen, stand up and raise your heads, because your redemption is drawing near.” (Luke 21:25-28)

The signs of verse 25 occur towards the end of the Great Tribulation (see Revelation). There is no ‘Secret Coming’. People will ‘see the Son of Man arriving’ (vs 27). The Bible does not teach 3 comings of Christ, only 2.

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

His Elect (Chosen Ones) Will Be Gathered

24 “But in those days, after that suffering, the sun will be darkened and the moon will not give its light; 25 the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken. 26 Then everyone will see the Son of Man arriving in the clouds with great power and glory. 27 Then he will send angels and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven. (Mark 13:24-27)

After the signs of the end of the Great Tribulation everyone will see Jesus coming. At that point His angels will collect the elect (believers) from all over the world.

Those Believers Who are Alive (the rest will have been martyred)

13 Now we do not want you to be uninformed, brothers and sisters, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve like the rest who have no hope. 14 For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also we believe that God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep as Christians. 15 For we tell you this by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will surely not go ahead of those who have fallen asleep. 16 For the Lord himself will come down from heaven with a shout of command, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. 17 Then we who are alive, who are left, will be suddenly caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will always be with the Lord. 18 Therefore encourage one another with these words. (1 Thess. 4:13-18)

At Jesus Second Coming: 1. There will be a shout of command, with the voice of the archangel, and with the (Seventh and final) trumpet of God (vs 16a). 2. The ‘dead in Christ’ will be resurrected first (vs 16b). Who are these? 3. Followed by those of us who are still alive alive (vs 17).

We Will All Be Changed from a Mortal to an Immortal State

50 Now this is what I am saying, brothers and sisters: Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable. 51 Listen, I will tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed – 52 in a moment, in the blinking of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed. 53 For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality. 54 Now when this perishable puts on the imperishable, and this mortal puts on immortality, then the saying that is written will happen, “Death has been swallowed up in victory.” 55 “Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting?” 56 The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. 57 But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord

A Classic Premillennial Eschatology

Jesus Christ! 58 So then, dear brothers and sisters, be firm. Do not be moved! Always be outstanding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in the Lord. (1 Cor. 15:50-58)

At Jesus’ Second Coming: 1. Some Christians will still be alive. 2. Certain Christians (dead and alive) will be changed. 3. The mortal bodies of Christians (dead or alive) will be raised imperishable. 4. These will be glorified bodies restored to the original state of Adam and Eve. 5. Christians will then never die again.

The Martyred Dead in Christ from the Great Tribulation will be raised first

4 Then I saw thrones and seated on them were those who had been given authority to judge. I also saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of the testimony about Jesus and because of the word of God. These had not worshiped the beast or his image and had refused to receive his mark on their forehead or hand. They came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. 5 (The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were finished.) This is the first resurrection. 6 Blessed and holy is the one who takes part in the first resurrection. The second death has no power over them, but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and they will reign with him for a thousand years. (Rev. 20:4-6)

This passage describes the 1000-year Millennium of Christ’s reign on the earth. 1. The martyrs from the Great Tribulation will be raised from the dead and reign with Christ in the Millennium as priests. This is the first resurrection. 2. The rest of the dead are not raised from the dead until after the Millennium. This is the second resurrection.

At The Seventh (Last) Trumpet

15 Then the seventh angel blew his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven saying: “The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ, and he will reign for ever and ever.” 16 Then the twenty-four elders who are seated on their thrones before God threw themselves down with their faces to the ground and worshiped God 17 with these words: “We give you thanks, Lord God, the All- Powerful, the one who is and who was, because you have taken your great power and begun to reign. 18 The nations were enraged, but your wrath has come, and the time has come for the dead to be judged, and the time has come to give to your servants, the prophets, their reward, as well as to the saints and to those who revere your name, both small and great, and the time has come to destroy those who destroy the earth.” 19 Then the temple of God in heaven was opened and the ark of his covenant was visible within his temple. And there were flashes of lightning, roaring, crashes of thunder, an earthquake, and a great hailstorm. (Rev. 11:15-19)

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The Parallel Account in the Book of Revelation

15 (Look! I will come like a thief! Blessed is the one who stays alert and does not lose his clothes so that he will not have to walk around naked and his shameful condition be seen.) 16 Now the spirits gathered the kings and their armies to the place that is called Armageddon in Hebrew.17 Finally the seventh angel poured out his bowl into the air and a loud voice came out of the temple from the throne, saying: “It is done!” 18 Then there were flashes of lightening, roaring, and crashes of thunder, and there was a tremendous earthquake – an earthquake unequaled since humanity has been on the earth, so tremendous was that earthquake. 19 The great city was split into three parts and the cities of the nations collapsed. So Babylon the great was remembered before God, and was given the cup filled with the wine made of God’s furious wrath. 20 Every island fled away and no mountains could be found. 21 And gigantic hailstones, weighing about a hundred pounds each, fell from heaven on people, but they blasphemed God because of the plague of hail, since it was so horrendous. (Rev. 16:15-21)

This passage describes the Final Wrath of God at the end of the Great Tribulation. Christians will go through the Great Tribulation and endure great suffering, but they will not be completely exterminated.

Christians Will Eventually Escape the Final Wrath of God at the End of the Tribulation

1 “At that time Michael, the great prince who watches over your people, will arise. There will be a time of distress unlike any other from the nation’s beginning up to that time. But at that time your own people, all those whose names are found written in the book, will escape. 2 Many of those who sleep in the dusty ground will awake – some to everlasting life, and others to shame and everlasting abhorrence. 3 But the wise will shine like the brightness of the heavenly expanse. And those bringing many to righteousness will be like the stars forever and ever. 4 “But you, Daniel, close up these words and seal the book until the time of the end. Many will dash about, and knowledge will increase.” (Daniel 12:1-4)

What Do Christians Escape?

Popular view: Christians will be raptured before a seven-year Great Tribulation period of suffering preceding the Second Coming. This is the teaching of Dispensationalism, but is a new doctrine unknown to the Church before two hundred years ago.

Biblical Teaching: Christians will escape just before the Battle of Armageddon and the Second Coming of Jesus and His Final Wrath judgement on people of the earth and the near extermination of believers at the end of the Great Tribulation. When Jesus comes, there will still be Christians living on the earth, but relatively few.

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Christians Escape Extermination, But Not Tribulation

19 For in those days there will be suffering unlike anything that has happened from the beginning of the creation that God created until now, or ever will happen. 20 And if the Lord had not cut short those days, no one would be saved. But because of the elect, whom he chose, he has cut them short. (Mark 13:19&20)

The Pre-7-Year Tribulation Rapture

This is one of the most dangerous and misleading false doctrines taught in the church today. It was invented in the 19th century and was unknown before then by Christians for more than 1800 years. The early church did not teach or believe it. Effectively it teaches the second (supposedly secret) and third (public) coming of Jesus. The Bible does not. It was originally formulated by John Nelson Darby (founder of the Exclusive Brethren) from 1827 onwards. It was taught by his disciple William Kelly, Presbyterian James H. Brookes and Baptist J. R. Graves, and popularized at the Niagara Bible Conference (1878-1909). It was taught by Arno Gaebelein, James M. Gray, R.A. Torrey, Harry Ironside, and Lewis S. Chafer. It was enshrined in the Scofield and Dake Reference Bibles, and dominates the system of Dispensationalism. It is regurgitated by most end times Bible teachers without questioning it. At best it is simply wishful think; at worst it is a terrible deception. It is not scriptural. There is no Scripture that teaches it. At worst it is a serious delusion that will cause Christians not to be ready for Tribulation and question their faith in God, possibly even falling away. The Scriptures teach that Christians will go through the Great Tribulation. Christians will be particularly persecuted during this time, so they need to prepare. If they are unprepared, then they will suffer even more.

Review

1. When will the Rapture really happen? a. After the Great Tribulation. b. After the Last Trumpet. c. At Jesus Coming. d. Before the Final Wrath Judgment of God. 2. How will it happen? a. The martyrs of the Great Tribulation will be resurrected. b. The surviving believers of the Great Tribulation will get glorified bodies. c. They will be ‘raptured’ and meet the Lord in the air. 3. What will be the result? a. Jesus and the Angels will defeat the armies of the world at Armageddon. b. He will reestablish Jerusalem as the dwelling place of the saints. c. They will rule the world from Jerusalem for 1000 years. d. Satan will lead a rebellion at the end of this period. e. The Final Judgement will follow.

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17. The Millennial Kingdom of Christ

For many years I resisted the idea of a literal Millennium reign of Christ on earth. There were just too many questions that it raised and it was easier simply to hold to an Amillennial view. However, the more I read of Scripture, the more I was challenged to reconsider a literal Millennium. It was getting more and more difficult to simply explain away the very consistent and clear teaching on this matter in both Testaments. The prophets promised it, the Jews expected it, Jesus taught it and the Early Church held to it.

The Millennial Kingdom of Christ on the earth after His Second Coming is taught in Scripture.

1 A day of the LORD is about to come when your possessions will be divided as plunder in your midst. 2 For I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem to wage war; the city will be taken, its houses plundered, and the women raped. Then half of the city will go into exile, but the remainder of the people will not be taken away. 3 Then the LORD will go to battle and fight against those nations, just as he fought battles in ancient days. 4 On that day his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives which lies to the east of Jerusalem, and the Mount of Olives will be split in half from east to west, leaving a great valley. Half the mountain will move northward and the other half southward. 5 Then you will escape through my mountain valley, for the mountains will extend to Azal. Indeed, you will flee as you fled from the earthquake in the days of King Uzziah of Judah. Then the LORD my God will come with all his holy ones with him. 6 On that day there will be no light – the sources of light in the heavens will congeal. 7 It will happen in one day (a day known to the LORD); not in the day or the night, but in the evening there will be light. 8 Moreover, on that day living waters will flow out from Jerusalem, half of them to the eastern sea and half of them to the western sea; it will happen both in summer and in winter. 9 The LORD will then be king over all the earth. In that day the LORD will be seen as one with a single name. 10 All the land will change and become like the Arabah from Geba to Rimmon, south of Jerusalem; and Jerusalem will be raised up and will stay in its own place from the Benjamin Gate to the site of the First Gate and on to the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of Hananel to the royal winepresses. 11 And people will settle there, and there will no longer be the threat of divine extermination – Jerusalem will dwell in security. 12 But this will be the nature of the plague with which the LORD will strike all the nations that have fought against Jerusalem: Their flesh will decay while they stand on their feet, their eyes will rot away in their sockets, and their tongues will dissolve in their mouths. 13 On that day there will be great confusion from the LORD among them; they will seize each other and attack one another violently. 14 Moreover, Judah will fight at Jerusalem, and the wealth of all the surrounding nations will be gathered up – gold, silver, and clothing in great abundance. 15 This is the kind of plague that will devastate horses, mules, camels, donkeys, and all the other animals in those camps. 16 Then all who survive from all the nations that came to attack Jerusalem will go up annually to worship the King, the LORD who rules over all, and to observe the Feast of Tabernacles. 17 But if any of the nations anywhere on earth refuse to go up to Jerusalem to worship the King,

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the LORD who rules over all, they will get no rain. 18 If the Egyptians will not do so, they will get no rain – instead there will be the kind of plague which the LORD inflicts on any nations that do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles. 19 This will be the punishment of Egypt and of all nations that do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles. 20 On that day the bells of the horses will bear the inscription “HOLY TO THE LORD.” The cooking pots in the LORD’s temple will be as holy as the bowls in front of the altar. 21 Every cooking pot in Jerusalem and Judah will become holy in the sight of the LORD who rules over all, so that all who offer sacrifices may come and use some of them to boil their sacrifices in them. On that day there will no longer be a Canaanite in the house of the LORD who rules over all. (Zechariah 14:1 – 21)

The clearest Scripture on the Millennium is, of course, Revelation 20.

1 Then I saw an angel coming down from heaven, having the key to the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. 2 He laid hold of the dragon, that serpent of old, who is the Devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years; 3 and he cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal on him, so that he should deceive the nations no more till the thousand years were finished. But after these things he must be released for a little while. 4 And I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was committed to them. Then I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for their witness to Jesus and for the word of God, who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received his mark on their foreheads or on their hands. And they lived and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. 5 But the rest of the dead did not live again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. 6 Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over such the second death has no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with Him a thousand years. 7 Now when the thousand years have expired, Satan will be released from his prison 8 and will go out to deceive the nations which are in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to battle, whose number is as the sand of the sea. 9 They went up on the breadth of the earth and surrounded the camp of the saints and the beloved city. And fire came down from God out of heaven and devoured them. 10 The devil, who deceived them, was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone where the beast and the false prophet are. And they will be tormented day and night forever and ever. 11 Then I saw a great white throne and Him who sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away. And there was found no place for them. 12 And I saw the dead, small and great, standing before God, and books were opened. And another book was opened, which is the Book of Life. And the dead were judged according to their works, by the things which were written in the books. 13 The sea gave up the dead who were in it, and Death and Hades delivered up the dead who were in them. And they were judged, each one according to his works. 14 Then Death and Hades were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death. 15 And anyone not found written in the Book of Life was cast into the lake of fire. (Revelation 20:1-15)

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These two passages, amongst others, describe the Millennial reign of Christ on the earth, which we will look at in greater detail in a later chapter.

For those who have honestly struggled with this issue like me, I would like to recommend an excellent set of 3 volumes (nearly 2200 pages) called The Theocratic Kingdom of Our Lord Jesus, the Christ, as Covenanted in the Old Testament and Presented in the New Testament by George Nathaniel Henry Peters (1889). In 206 propositions he argues for and outlines the Biblical evidence for a literal Millennial Kingdom of Christ on the earth after His Second Coming. Peters’ overall exposition is, in my view, resounding and irrefutable.

Since most people do not have the time to read through this gigantic work, I have here reproduced the 206 propositions, rearranged them a little more topically, and collated them in paragraphs for easier reading. Of course, nothing can substitute for actually diving into the text itself, but be warned that it is full of footnotes and historical references, and one can get lost in the sheer depth of theology.

The topics he covers includes: The Kingdom of God, Its Mysteries, Its Jewish Nature, Its Prophecies, Its Preaching, Rejected by the Jewish Nation, Rejected by Church Teaching, The Sovereignty of God, Its Postponement, Heaven, The Heavens and the Earth, The Church, The Church-Kingdom Theory, The Restoration of the Jewish Nation, Its Establishment, The Millennium, Judgement, the Intermediate State, The Glorified Saints, The Priesthood, The Antichrist, Restored, Receiving It, The Unity of the Witness, and The Christ-Centred Kingdom.

The Kingdom of God (Propositions 1 – 10, Volume 1)

The Kingdom of God is a subject of vital importance. The establishment of this Kingdom was determined before, and designed or prepared from the foundation of the world. The meanings usually given to this Kingdom indicate that the most vague, indefinite notions concerning it exist in the minds of many. The literal, grammatical interpretation of the Scriptures must (connected with the figurative, tropical, or rhetorical) be observed in order to obtain a correct understanding of the Kingdom. The doctrine of the Kingdom is based on the inspiration of the Word of God. The Kingdom of God is intimately connected with the Supernatural. The Kingdom being a manifestation of the Supernatural, miracles are connected with it. The doctrine of the Kingdom presupposes that of sin, the apostasy of man. The nature of, and the things pertaining to, the Kingdom can only be ascertained within the limits of Scripture. This Kingdom should be studied in the light of the Holy Scriptures, and not merely in that of Creeds, Confessions, Formulas of Doctrine, etc. The Mysteries of the Kingdom (Propositions 11 – 19, Volume 1)

The mysteries of the Kingdom were given to the apostles. There is some mystery yet connected with the things of the Kingdom. Some things pertaining to the Kingdom intentionally revealed somewhat obscurely. Some things pertaining to the Kingdom not so easily comprehended as many suppose. The doctrine of the Kingdom can become

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A Classic Premillennial Eschatology better understood and appreciated. This Kingdom cannot be properly comprehended without acknowledging an intimate and internal connection existing between the Old and New Testaments. Without study of the prophecies no adequate idea can be obtained of the Kingdom. The prophecies relating to the establishment of the Kingdom of God are both conditioned and unconditioned. The New Testament begins the announcement of the Kingdom in terms expressive of its being previously well known.

The Jewish Nature of the Kingdom (Propositions 20 – 29, Volume 1)

To comprehend the subject of the Kingdom it is necessary to notice the belief and expectations of the more pious portion of the Jews. The prophecies of the Kingdom interpreted literally sustain the expectations and hopes of the pious Jews. John the Baptist, Jesus, and the disciples employed the phrases "Kingdom of Heaven," "Kingdom of God," etc, in accordance with the usage of the Jews. There must be some substantial reason why the phrases "Kingdom of God", etc. were thus adopted. The Kingdom is offered to an elect nation, viz., the Jewish nation. The Theocracy was an earnest, introductory, or initiatory form of this Kingdom. The Theocracy thus instituted would have been permanently established if the people, in their national capacity, had been faithful in obedience. The demand of the nation for an earthly king was a virtual abandonment of the Theocratic Kingdom by the nation. God makes the Jewish king subordinate to His own Theocracy. This Theocracy, or Kingdom, is exclusively given to the natural descendants of Abraham, in their corporate capacity.

The Prophecies of the Kingdom (Propositions 30 – 36, Volume 1)

The prophets, however, without specifying the manner of introduction, predict that the Gentiles shall participate in the blessings of the Theocracy of Kingdom. This Theocracy was identified with the Davidic Kingdom. This Theocratic Kingdom, thus incorporated with the Davidic, is removed when the Davidic is overthrown. The prophets, some even before the captivity, foreseeing the overthrow of the Kingdom, both foretell its downfall and its final restoration. The prophets describe this restored Kingdom, its extension, glory, etc., without distinguishing between the First and Second Advents. The prophets describe but one Kingdom. The prophets, with one voice, describe this Kingdom, thus restored, in terms expressive of the most glorious additions.

The Preaching of the Kingdom (Propositions 37 – 56, Volume 1)

The Kingdom thus predicted and promised was not in existence when the forerunner of Jesus appeared. John the Baptist preached that this Kingdom, predicted by the prophets, was "nigh at hand". John the Baptist was not ignorant of the Kingdom that he preached. The hearers of John believed that he preached to them the Kingdom predicted by the prophets, and in the sense held by themselves. The Kingdom was not established under John's ministry. Jesus Christ in His early ministry preached that the Kingdom was "nigh at hand". The disciples sent forth by Jesus to preach this Kingdom were not ignorant of the meaning to be attached to the Kingdom. The preaching of the Kingdom, being in accordance with that of the predicted Kingdom, raised no controversy between the Jews

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A Classic Premillennial Eschatology and Jesus, or between the Jews and His disciples and apostles. The phrases "Kingdom of Heaven", "Kingdom of God", "Kingdom of Christ", etc., denote the same Kingdom. The Kingdom anticipated by the Jews at the First Advent is based on the Abrahamic and Davidic covenants. The Jews had the strongest possible assurances given to them that the Kingdom based on these covenants would be realized. The Kingdom being based on the covenants, the covenants must be carefully examined, and (Prop. 4) the literal language of the same must be maintained. The covenants being, in Revelation, the foundation of the Kingdom, must first be received and appreciated. This Kingdom will be the outgrowth of the renewed Abrahamic covenant, under which renewal we live. The relation that the Kingdom sustains to "the covenants of promise" enables us to appreciate the prophecies pertaining to the Kingdom. The promises pertaining to the Kingdom, as given in the covenants, will be strictly fulfilled. The genealogies of our Lord form an important link in the comprehension of the Kingdom. The preaching of the Kingdom by John, Jesus, and the disciples, was confined to the Jewish nation. It was necessary that Jesus and His disciples should, at first, preach the Kingdom as nigh to the Jewish nation. The Kingdom was not established during the ministry of "the Christ".

The Kingdom Rejected by the Jewish Nation (Propositions 57 – 68, Volume 1)

This Kingdom was offered to the Jewish nation, but the nation rejected it. Jesus, toward the close of His ministry, preached that the Kingdom was not nigh. This Kingdom of God offered to the Jewish elect nation, lest the purpose of God fail, is to be given to others who are adopted. This Kingdom of God is given, not to nations, but to one nation. The Kingdom which by promise exclusively belonged to the Jewish nation, the rightful seed of Abraham, was now to be given to an engrafted people. This people, to whom the Kingdom is to be given, gathered out of the nations becomes the elect nation. The present elect, to whom the Kingdom will be given, is the continuation of the previous election chiefly in another engrafted people. The Kingdom being given to the elect only, any adoption into that elect portion must be revealed by express Divine Revelation. Before this Kingdom can be given to this elect people, they must first be gathered out. The Kingdom that was nigh at one time (viz., at the First Advent) to the Jewish nation is now removed to the close of its tribulation, and the times of the Gentiles. The Kingdom could not, therefore, have been set up at that time, viz., at the First Advent. This Kingdom is then essentially a Jewish Kingdom.

The Kingdom in Church Teaching (Propositions 69 – 78, Volume 1)

The death of Jesus did not remove the notion entertained by the disciples and apostles concerning the Kingdom. The apostles, after Christ's ascension, did not preach, either to Jews or Gentiles, that the Kingdom was established. The language of the apostles confirmed the Jews in the Messianic hopes of the Kingdom. The doctrine of the Kingdom, as preached by the apostles, was received by the early Church. The doctrine of the Kingdom preached by the apostles and elders raised no controversy with the Jews. The belief in the speedy Advent of Christ, entertained both by the apostles and the churches under them, indicates what Kingdom was believed in and taught by the first Christians. The doctrine of the Kingdom, as held by the churches established by the

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A Classic Premillennial Eschatology apostles, was perpetuated. The doctrine of the Kingdom was changed under the Gnostic and Alexandrian influence. The doctrine of the Kingdom, as held by the early Church, was finally almost exterminated under the teaching and power of the Papacy. The early Church doctrine was revived after the Reformation.

The Kingdom and the Sovereignty of God (Propositions 79 – 86, Volume 1)

The Kingdom of God, promised by covenant and prophets, is to be distinguished from the general and universal sovereignty of God. This Kingdom of covenant, promise, and prediction is to be distinguished from the from the sovereignty which Jesus exercises in virtue of His Divine nature. This Kingdom, as covenanted, belongs to Jesus as "the Son of Man". This Kingdom is a complete restoration, in the person of the Second man Adam or Man, of the dominion lost by the first Adam or Man. This Kingdom is given to "the Son of Man" by God, the Father. As this Kingdom is specially given to "the Son of Man" as the result of His obedience, sufferings, and death, it must be something different from His Divine nature, or from "piety", "religion", "God's reign in the heart", etc. Neither Abraham nor his engrafted seed have as yet inherited the Kingdom; hence the Kingdom must be something different from "piety", "religion", "God's reign in the heart", etc. The object or design of this dispensation is to gather out these elect to whom, as heirs with Abraham and his seed Christ, this Kingdom is to be given.

The Postponement of the Kingdom (Propositions 87 – 94, Volume 1)

The postponement of the Kingdom is the key to the understanding of the meaning of this dispensation. The Church is then the preparatory stage for this Kingdom. Christ, in view of this future Kingdom, sustains a peculiar relationship to the Church. Members of the Church who are faithful are promised this Kingdom. The Kingdom of God is not the Jewish Church. This Kingdom is not what some call, "the Gospel Kingdom". The covenanted Kingdom is not the Christian Church. The overlooking of the postponement of this Kingdom is a fundamental mistake and fruitful source of error in many systems of Theology.

The Kingdom of Heaven (Propositions 103 – 108, Volume 1 & 2)

This Kingdom is not a Kingdom in "the third heaven". The Christian Church is not denoted by the predicted Kingdom of the prophets. The Lord's Prayer, as given to the disciples, and understood by them, amply sustains our position. Our doctrine of the Kingdom sustained by the temptation of Christ. The passages referring to heaven in connection with the saints, do not conflict with, but confirm, our doctrine of the Kingdom. The formula, "Kingdom of heaven", connected with the parables, confirms our doctrine of the Kingdom.

The Kingdom and the Heavens and the Earth (Propositions 147 – 151, Volume 2)

This Kingdom is preceded by a wonderful shaking of the heavens and the earth. This Kingdom embraces the New Heavens and New Earth. This Kingdom is preceded by the

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A Classic Premillennial Eschatology conflagration of 2 Pet. 3:10-13. The establishment of this Kingdom is not affected by the extent of Peter's conflagration. This Kingdom is identified with "the New Heavens and New Earth" of Isa. 65:17 and 66:22; 2 Pet. 3:13 and Rev. 21:1.

The Church and the Kingdom (Propositions 95 – 102, Volume 1)

If the Church is the Kingdom, then the terms "Church" and "Kingdom" would be synonymous. The differences visible in the Church are evidences that it is not the predicted Kingdom of the Messiah. The various forms of Church government indicate that the Church is not the promised Kingdom. That the church was not the Kingdom promised to David's Son was the belief of the early Church. The opinion that the church is the predicted Kingdom is the Christ was of later origin than the first or second century. The visible Church is not the predicted Kingdom of Jesus Christ. The invisible Church is not the covenanted Kingdom of Christ. Neither the visible nor invisible Church is the covenanted Kingdom.

The Church-Kingdom Theory (Propositions 109 – 110, Volume 2)

An examination of the passages of Scripture, supposed to teach the Church-Kingdom theory, will confirm our doctrine of the Kingdom. The passage most relied on to prove the Church-Kingdom theory, utterly disproves it.

The Restoration of the Jewish Nation (Propositions 111 – 114, Volume 2)

The Kingdom being identified with the elect Jewish nation, it cannot be established without the restoration of that nation. The Kingdom, if established as predicted, demands the national restoration of that nation. The connection of this Kingdom with Jewish restoration necessitates the realization of their predicted repentance and conversion. This Kingdom being identified with the elect Jewish nation, its establishment at the restoration embraces the supremacy of the nation over the nations of the earth.

The Establishment of the Kingdom (Propositions 115 – 118, Volume 2)

The Kingdom is not established without a period of violence and war. This Kingdom is visible, external one, here on earth, taking the place of earthly Kingdoms. The Kingdom of God re-established, will form a divinely appointed, and visibly manifested, Theocracy. This view of the Kingdom is most forcibly sustained by the figure of the Barren Woman.

The Millennial Kingdom (Propositions 119 – 129, Volume 2)

The Kingdom of God is represented, in the Millennial descriptions, as restoring all the forfeited blessings. This Kingdom, with its Millennial blessings, can only be introduced through the power of God in Christ Jesus. This Kingdom, of necessity, requires a Pre- Millennial Personal Advent of Jesus, "the Christ". As "Son of Man", David's Son, Jesus inherits David's throne and kingdom, and also the land of Palestine. The Pre-Millennial Advent and accompanying Kingdom are united with the destruction of Antichrist. This

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Kingdom is delayed several thousand years, to raise up a nation or people capable of sustaining it. This Kingdom to be inherited by these gathered saints requires their resurrection from the dead. In confirmation of our position, the Old Testament clearly teaches a Pre-Millennial resurrection of the saints. In support of our view, the Apocalypse unmistakably teaches a Pre-Millennial resurrection of the saints. The language of the Gospels and Epistles is in strict accord with the requirements of a Pre-Millennial resurrection. The Jewish view of a Pre-Millennial resurrection, requisite for the introduction of the Messianic Kingdom, is fully sustained by the grammatical sense of the New Testament.

Judgement in the Kingdom (Propositions 130 – 135, Volume 2)

This Kingdom is also preceded by a translation of living saints. This Kingdom embraces the visible reign of Jesus, the Christ, here on earth. This view of the Kingdom is confirmed by the judgeship of Jesus. This view of the Kingdom fully sustained by the "Day of Judgment". Our view of the Judgment (and consequence, that also of the Kingdom) is fully sustained by the passage of Scripture, Matt. 25:31-46. The doctrine of the Kingdom in full accord with the scriptural doctrine of the judgment of believers.

The Kingdom and the Intermediate State (Propositions 136 – 146, Volume 2)

The doctrine of the Kingdom in agreement with the doctrine of the intermediate state. This doctrine of the Kingdom sustained by the phrase "the world to come". This doctrine of the Kingdom fully corroborated by "the day of the Lord Jesus, the Christ". The Theocratic-Davidic Kingdom, as covenanted, is sustained by what is to take place in "the morning" of "the day of the Christ". The doctrine of the Kingdom confirmed by the phraseology of the New Testament respecting "the end of the age". This Kingdom necessarily united with the perpetuity of the earth. This Kingdom being related to the earth (extending over it), and involving the resurrection of the saints (in order to inherit it), is sustained by the promise to the saints of inheriting the earth. The early church doctrine of the Kingdom is supported by "the Rest", or the keeping of the Sabbath, mentioned by Paul. The early church of the Kingdom is supported by "the times of the restitution of all things", mentioned in Acts 3:19-21. This Kingdom includes "the regeneration" of Matt. 19:28. This Kingdom is associated with the deliverance of Creation.

The Glorified Saints in the Kingdom (Propositions 152 – 154, Volume 2)

This Kingdom is connected with the perpetuation of the human race. This view of the Kingdom, with its two classes (viz., the translated and resurrected saints, glorified, forming one class, and mortal men the other), is forcibly represented in the transfiguration. This Theocratic Kingdom includes the visible reign of the risen and glorified saints, here on the earth.

Priesthood in the Kingdom (Propositions 155 – 159, Volume 2)

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This Kingdom exhibits Jesus not only as "the King", but also as "the Priest." The doctrine of the Kingdom enforces the future priesthood of the saints. This doctrine of the Kingdom enforces the future ministration of angels. The doctrine of the Kingdom aids in locating the Millennial period. This Theocratic Kingdom of the Lord Jesus, the Christ, will never come to an end.

The Kingdom of the Antichrist (Propositions 160 – 164, Volume 2)

This Kingdom will be set up in the divided state of the Roman Empire. This Kingdom will not be re-established until Antichrist is overthrown. This Kingdom will be preceded by a fearful time of trouble, both in the Church and the world. This Kingdom revealed will be preceded by the predicted "Battle of that great day of God Almighty." This Kingdom ends the Gentile domination.

The Restored Kingdom (Propositions 165 – 172, Volume 3)

The doctrine of this Kingdom enables us to form a correct estimate of human governments. The rudimentary reorganization of the Kingdom will be made at Mount Sinai. The re-establishment of this Kingdom embraces also the reception of a New Revelation of the Divine Will. This Kingdom has its place of manifested royalty. The Theocratic Kingdom includes the marriage of Christ to the New Jerusalem. This doctrine of the Kingdom fully sustained by "the Father's house" of John 14:2. This Kingdom is connected with the Baptism of the Holy Ghost (Spirit) and of Fire. This Kingdom, when restored, does not require the re-introduction of bloody sacrifices.

Receiving the Kingdom (Propositions 173 – 183, Volume 3)

The Kingdom of the Lord Jesus may be near at hand. This Kingdom of the Messiah is preceded by, and connected with, signs. The doctrine of the Kingdom is greatly obscured and perverted by the prevailing one of the conversion of the world prior to the Advent of Jesus. Our doctrine of the Kingdom embraces the conversion of the world, but in Scriptural order. This doctrine of the Kingdom will not be received in faith by the Church, as a body. This doctrine of the Kingdom, and its essentially related subjects, are so hostile to their faith, that numerous organized religious bodies totally reject them. The doctrine of the Kingdom, or essentials of the same, are directly allied by various bodies with doctrines that are objectionable, and hence are made unpalatable to many. This doctrine of the Kingdom will not be received in faith by the world. Our doctrinal position illustrated and enforced by the Parable of the Ten Virgins. This Kingdom embraces "the One Hope". The doctrine of the Kingdom, and its related subjects, have a direct practical tendency.

The Unity of the Witness to the Kingdom (Propositions 184 – 198, Volume 3)

In this Kingdom will be exhibited a manifested unity. This doctrine enforces that of Divine Providence. This doctrine of the Kingdom sustained by the Analogy of Scripture, the Analogy of Faith, and the Analogy of Tradition. This doctrine of the Kingdom gives

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A Classic Premillennial Eschatology coherency to the Gospels, and indicates the unity of design in each of them. This doctrine indicates the unity of the Epistles. It is only through this doctrine of the Kingdom that the Apocalypse can, or will, be understood and consistently interpreted. Our views sustained by the addresses to the Seven Churches. Our doctrine enforced by the general tenor of the Apocalypse. This doctrine of the Kingdom greatly serves to explain Scripture. This doctrine of the Kingdom meets, and consistently removes, the objections brought by the Jews against Christianity. This doctrine of the Kingdom materially aids to explain the world's history. This doctrine of the Kingdom may, analogically, give us a clue to the government of other worlds. This doctrine of the Kingdom gives us a more comprehensive view of the work of Christ for Redemptive purposes. This Kingdom, although visible with a world-dominion, being Theocratic, is also necessarily spiritual. The doctrine of the Kingdom confirms the credibility and inspiration of the Word of God.

The Christ-Centred Kingdom (Propositions 199 – 206, Volume 3)

This doctrine of the Kingdom materially aids in deciding the great Christological question of the day. While the Kingdom is given to Jesus Christ as "the Son of Man", He becomes thereby the actual Representative of God, manifesting God in the person of One related to humanity. If a Kingdom such as is covenanted to "the Son of Man", David's Son, is not set up, then God's effort at government, in and through an earthly rulership, proves a failure. If the Kingdom of "the Son of Man", as covenanted, is not established, then the earth will lack in its history the exhibition of a perfect government. The exaltation of the Christ is not lessened or lowered by thus referring the promises of the Kingdom to an outward manifestation in the future. Such a view gives definiteness and a continued exaltation to the human nature of Christ, and indicates the majestic relationship that it sustains throughout the ages to the race of man. The doctrine of the Kingdom materially aids us in preaching "the Christ", the distinctive "Messiah". This earth will yet witness the re-establishment of a glorious Theocracy - a Theocracy in its perfected form.

From The Theocratic Kingdom of Our Lord Jesus, the Christ, as Covenanted in the Old Testament and Presented in the New Testament by George Nathaniel Henry Peters (1889) in 206 propositions, 3 volumes and nearly 2200 pages. The sub-headings preceding each section are my own, but the words are Peters’.

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18. Conclusion

Here is a summary of 39 events and trends that are expected to happen at the time of the end in a relative chronological sequence.

1. The Dalai Lama dies and his successor is born soon afterwards, but he is only identified sometime within a few years. 2. The child is an elector of the Holy Roman Empire, born of one of the suppressed royal families of Europe. 3. The one-world currency introduced (2018 according to the Economist magazine). 4. Economic control of the world through the Bank of International Settlements, the central bank of central banks founded by the Germans and controlled by Nazis. 5. The Gospel is preached to all nations in all regions of the world. 6. There is a great falling away from the faith. This has already started. 7. The Antichrist takes political power in Europe, ultimately as President. 8. The Antichrist enters into a deceptive alliance with the State of Israel. 9. The Jews rebuild the Temple in the face of opposition from the Muslim World. 10. The Antichrist invades the Middle East and defeats the Arabian Muslim coalition and returns to Europe in victory. 11. He returns to Arabia, but is met by an Anglo-American support force. 12. He then betrays and invades Israel, and destroys the Jewish State. 13. The Antichrist and his forces prevail in the region against the nations. 14. He declares himself to be god and saviour of the world in the Jewish temple. 15. The image of the Beast is set up as a transmitted hologram to be worshipped. 16. The mark and worship of the Beast is enforced on the nations of the world. 17. The earth is engulfed in the Third World War as nations fight against each other. 18. Natural disasters on the earth: earthquakes, tsunamis, meteorites and heat waves. 19. Urban unrest, riots, looting, murder, famine, plagues and disease afflict mankind. 20. People die on a massive scale all over the world. 21. The cities of the world collapse and people seek refuge in mountain areas. 22. The Jews are converted to believing in Jesus as Messiah all over the world. 23. Christians are persecuted for their faith and rejecting the mark of the beast. 24. The last 3 ½ years will be the most difficult to face for believers (Rev. 11:9). 25. The falling away of false professing believers, and the betrayal of believers. 26. Their capture, imprisonment, torture, suffering, testimony, martyrdom 27. The survival of a remnant of true believers in wilderness areas. 28. The destruction of marine life from a third to all of it. 29. Rivers and fresh water springs poisoned and turned to blood. 30. The scorching heat of the Sun and complete darkness. 31. The torture and suffering of unbelievers for 5 (probably literal) months. 32. The Kings of the East (Russia, China, etc.) come to the battle of Armageddon.

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33. The Rapture of the Saints as Christians are changed and meet Jesus in the air. 34. The judgment of the Final Wrath God against the Antichrist and the nations. 35. The Second Coming– according to Isaac Newton’s calculations (2060 according to the solar calendar or 2045 according to the lunar calendar, without adjustments). 36. The Millennium reign of Jesus from Jerusalem over the earth with the saints. 37. The final rebellion of Satan at the end of the Millennium. 38. The final judgment of all men at the end of time. 39. The New Heavens and the New Earth for all eternity.

So, what must Christians do to prepare for ‘The End of the Days’?

1. A strategic retreat out of cities and into rural areas bordering wilderness areas over the next few decades as we watch global events unfolding. 2. Get out of debt as much as possible, save money and pray for God’s financial blessing on your life. 3. Sell church buildings and organize house church networks in the cities with occasional corporate celebration meetings in larger rented facilities. 4. Invest in precious metals (silver and gold) and rural farmland property near wilderness areas. 5. Start weekend and holiday retreats for Christian groups. 6. Learn how to grow and preserve your own food. 7. Make your rural community completely self-sufficient and secure. 8. Educate Christians on rural living and wilderness survival techniques. 9. Establish cordial and friendly relationships with Jews, ready for when God reveals Jesus the Messiah to them. 10. Keep your planning confidential and discreet. 11. Be careful which professing Christians and family members that you forge close relationships with. 12. Pray for God to give you wisdom.

What must Christians avoid doing?

1. Do not sell all that you have. Invest wisely. 2. This is a call to community, not communism. 3. Do not amass weapons. Have enough to defend yourself and your family. 4. Do not create cultic compounds. Remember Waco, Texas? 5. Do not tell everyone what you are doing. Build trust with faithful Christians.

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19. Recommended Further Reading

This is a list of over 600 works of authors from a classic premillennial perspective. Some have a historicist emphasis, while others are more futurist. All are post-tribulational, most pre-wrath and all distinctly premillennial. If you find some that are not, let me know.

Addis, A. (1829). Heaven opened, or, The word of God: being the twelve visions of Nebuchadnezzar, Daniel, and st. John, explained. Addis, A. (1830). The theory of prophecy: as it respects more particularly civil establishments of Christianity, the Nicene heresy of antichrist, and the doctrine of the millennium. Addison, L. (1675). The Present State of the Jews-more Particularly Relating to Those in Barbary. Wherein is Contained an Exact Account of Their Customs, Secular and Religious; to which is Annexed, a Summary Discourse of the Misna, Talmud, and Gemara.: London. Akin, D. L., Nelson, D. P., & Peter R. Schemm, J. (2007). A Theology for the Church. Nashville: B & H Publishing Group. Alford, H. (1870). The Coming of the Bridegroom. London: Hodder & Stoughton. Alford, H. (1871). Alford's Greek Testament: An Exegetical and Critical Commentary, James-Revelation. Chicago: Moody Press. Alford, H. (1877). How to Study the New Testament: The Epistles and the Revelation. London: Strahan & Co. Allwood, P. (1829). A key to the Revelation of St. John. Allwood, P. (1833). A dissertation concerning the chronological numbers recorded in the prophecies of Daniel, as compared with those in the Revelation of St. John.: Rivington. Alsted, J. H. (1630). Diatribe de mille annis apocalypticis, non illis Chiliastarum et Phantastarum, sed beatorum Danielis et Johannis. Alsted, J. H., Brahe, T., Gallus, C., & Burton, W. (1643). The Beloved City: Or, The Saints Reign on Earth a Thovsand Yeares. Amerding, C. E., & Gasque, W. W. (1977). Dreams, Visions, and Oracles: The Layman's Guide to Biblical Prophecy.: Baker Book House. Anderson, W. (1840). An apology for millennial doctrine: in the form in which it was entertained by the primitive church.: O. Rogers. Angelocrator, D. (1604). Die 70 wochen des Propheten Daniels erklärt. Archaicus. (1753). The Rejection, and Restoration of the Jews, According to Scripture, Declar'd: With Indications of the Means by Which, And, Nearly, of the Time When, the Latter of These Great Events is to be Brought to Pass. ... By Archaicus.: R. Baldwin, jun. Archer, G. L. (1996). Three Views on Rapture: Pre, Mid, Or Post-Tribulation.: ZondervanPublishingHouse. Archer, H. (1642). The Personall Reign of Christ Upon Earth. Baker, H. A. (1940). Heaven and Angels. Minneapolis: The Osterhus Publishing House. Baker, H. A. (1960). Through Tribulation. Mineapolis: Calvary Books & Tracts. Baker, H. A. (1973). Visions of Heaven. Minneapolis: The Osterhus Publishing House.

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Baldwin, S. D. (1854). Armageddon: Or, The Overthrow of Romanism and Monarchy; the Existence of the United States Foretold in the Bible: Applegate. Barnard, L. W. (1997). The First and Second Apologies: Paulist Press. Barton, B. B., Osborne, G. R., & Comfort, P. W. (2000). Revelation: Tyndale House Publishers. Barton, H. E. (1963). It's Here: the Time of the End: A Comprehensive Study of Bible Prophecy Fulfilled and Unfulfilled: Exposition Press. Barton, H. E. (1967). Why Time?: God's Plan and Purpose: Burbank Press. Battle, J. A. (1995). Premillennialism and Covenant Theology. WRS Journal, 2:1((February 1995)), 2-6. Battle, J. A. (1998). Spiritual Warfare in Revelation. WRS Journal 5/1( (February 1998) ), 14-18. Battle, J. A. (2004)). Eschatology in the Bible Presbyterian Church. WRS Journal, 11/2 (August 2004), 12-27. Battle Jr, J. A. (1981). Paul's Use of the Old Testament in Romans 9: 25-26. Grace Theological Journal, 2(1), 115-129. Baxter, M., & Bickersteth, E. (1866). The Coming Battle, and Appalling National Convulsions: Expected from Scripture Prophecy, Between 1866 and 1875 ... with Prophetic Views of the Rev. E. Bickersteth ... [et Al.]: William Macintosh. Bayford, J. (1820). Messiah's kingdom, or, A brief inquiry concerning what is revealed in Scripture: relative to the fact, the time, the signs, and the circumstances of the second advent of the Lord Jesus Christ: Printed for the Author by F. Marshall. Begg, J. A. (1831). Lettres to a Minister of the Gospel, on His and the Other Interpretations of Our Saviour's Prediction of His Return, Recorded Matt. 23. 24. 25. Begg, J. A. (1832). The Heresy of Hymeneus and Philetus, Concerning the First Resurrection ... Extracted from the Morning Watch: Paisley. Begg, J. A. (1842). A connected view of some of the scripture evidence of the Redeemer's speedy personal return, and reign on earth with his glorified saints, during the millennium. New York: John Moffet. Begg, J. A. (1843). The Purpose of God in the Separation of the Israelites as a People: The author. Begg, J. A. (1843). The value of prophecy as a light to the church in evil times. Glasgow. Begg, J. A. (1844). The First Resurrection, as Promised to the Saints: The author. Bengel, J. A. (1758). Erklärte Offenbarung Johannis oder vielmehr Jesu Christi: J.C. Erhard. Bengel, J. A. (1788). Sechzig erbauliche Reden über die Offenbarung Johannis: J.C. Erhard. Bengel, J. A. (1858). Gnomon of the New Testament. Bengel, J. A., & Robertson, J. (1757). Bengelius's Introduction to His Exposition of the Apocalypse: With His Preface to that Work and the Greatest Part of the Conclusion of It, and Also His Marginal Notes on the Text, which are a Summary of the Whole Exposition: J. Ryall and R. Withy. Beverley, T. (1684). A scripture-line of time, drawn in brief from the lapsed creation, to the restitution of all things: Discours'd at large, upon the 2300 Ev. morn. Dan.

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8.14. And their collateral lines, from CYRUS, to the kingdom of CHRIST in the New Jerusalem: Printed according to a calendar. Beverley, T. (1687). The First Part of the Scripture Line of Time, Presenting Its Several Joynts in a Clear and Brief View from the First to the Last Sabbatism, Etc: London. Beverley, T. (1689). The prophetical history of the Reformation, or, The Reformation to be reform'd in that great re-reformation that is to be 1697: according to the divine table, or vision of it, Revel. 10. : compared with other visions, especially of the churches, for the further assuring that grand joynt of the line of time, viz. the 1260 years allowed to the beastian kingdom, or to the Roman apostasie (which because it is to end 1697 must therefore have begun 437) : to which is adjoyn'd The apocalyptical vision of the witnesses. Beverley, T. (1690). The Pattern of the Divine Temple, Sanctuary, and City of the New Jerusalem: Measured According to Ezekiel's Last and Greatest Vision, Chap. 40. Eo the End, Etc: London. Beverley, T. (1691). The universal Christian doctrine of the Day of Judgment: applied to the doctrine of the thousand years kingdom of Christ : (herein guided by Mr. Baxter's Reply) to vindicate it from all objections : shewing as is the one, so is the other; (viz.) his judging the quick and the dead; and his appearing and his kingdom : which, seeing it must have some duration, the Scripture 1000 years is on great proof preferr'd. Beverley, T. (1692). A Sermon Upon Revel. 11. 11, &c. Summoning the Expectation of the Witnesses Rising: and of the Great Concurrent Works Daily Shewing Forth Themselves, and to be Compleat by 1697, Etc: London. Beverley, T. (1693). A Fresh Memorial of the Kingdom of Christ:: Demonstrating from that Solemn Oath of Christ, Rev. X. by Express Letter of Scripture, and Most Historical Matter of Fact; it Must Needs Enter Its Succession 1697. And Begin So Great and Happy an Era of Time, that in Regard to It, it Might Well be Sworn, There Shall be Time (viz. Such as Had Been) No More, Or No Farther, for Ever: William Marshal at the Bible in Newgate-Street, and John Salusbury, at the Rising Sun in Corn-hill. Beverley, T. (1696). The Catechism of the Kingdom of Our Lord Jesus Christ, in the Thousand Years: Shewing by Scripture 1. That the Great Articles of the Redemption, 2. The Resurrection, 3. The Mystery of the Saints Not Dying But Chang'd ... Cannot be Explained at Full Dimensions Without it: W. Marshall, and also. Beverley, T. (1697). An Apology for the Hope of the Kingdom of Christ Appearing Within This Approaching Year, 1697 Wherein Some of the Principal Arguments for Such an Expectation Are Briefly Couch'd and the Greater Objections Answered (1697): BiblioBazaar. Beverley, T. (1699). Indiction Or, Accounting by Fifteens, the Great Style of Prophetic Time: Shewn by an Hundred Eighty Two Indictions, Or Fifteens of Years Given in Scripture: W. Marshal ... and J. Marshal. Bicheno, J. (1801). The Destiny of the German Empire; Or, an Attempt to Ascertain the Apocalyptic Dragon, Called that Old Serpent, the Devil, and Satan, and the Millenary State, are Likely to be Altogether Different from what Christian Writers

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Have Taught Us to Expect: Messrs. Johnson; Mathews; and Ogle; Ogle, Edinburgh; Ogle and Niven, Glasgow; James, Bristol; Gregory, Flower, and Nicholson, Cambridge; Hazard, Bath; Snare and Rusher, Reading; and Fuller, Newbury. Bicheno, J. (1807). The restoration of the Jews: The crisis of all nations; to which is now prefixed, a brief history of the Jews, from their first dispersion, to the calling of their Grand Sanhedrim at Paris, October 6th, 1806, and an address on the present state of affairs, in Europe in general, and in this country in particular: J.Barfield. Bicheno, J. (1808). The signs of the times: in three parts: Printed by J. Adlard. Bicheno, J. (1817). The fulfilment of prophecy farther illustrated by the signs of the times; or, An attempt to ascertain the probable issues of the recent restoration of the old dynasties; of the revival of popery; ... as likewise, how far Great Britain is likely to share in the calamities by which divine providence will accomplish the final overthrow of the kingdoms of the Roman monarchy: Printed for Ogles, Duncan, and Cochran. Bickersteth, E. (1831). The Chief Concerns of Man for Time and Eternity. Being a Course of Valedictory Discourses Preached at Wheler Chapel in ... 1830: London. Bickersteth, E. (1837). The Way of Christ Prepared: an Address Both to Christians and Jews. Bickersteth, E. (1838). The Christian Fathers of the First and Second Centuries; Their Principal Remains at Large; with Selections from Their Other Writings, Partly Marginal and Partly in Approved Translations: London. Bickersteth, E. (1839). Remarks on the Dangers of the Church of Christ; Its Final Triumph and Our Present Duties: Designed as a Call to Watchfulness and Prayer: Seeley, Burnside. Bickersteth, E. (1839). The Time to Favour Zion; Or an Appeal to the Gentile Churches in Behalf of the Jews, Being the Substance of Four Sermons, Etc: Edinburgh; L. & G. Seeley: London. Bickersteth, E. (1840). Come Out of Rome; the Voice from Heaven to the People of God. A Sermon, Etc. Bickersteth, E. (1841). The restoration of the Jews to their own land: in connection with their future conversion and the final blessedness of our earth: R.B. Seeley and W. Burnside. Bickersteth, E. (1843). The Second Coming, the Judgment and the Kingdom of Christ: Being Lectures Delivered During Lent, 1843, at St. George's, Bloomsbury. By Twelve Clergymen of the Church of England. Bickersteth, E. (1844). A practical guide to the Prophecies, with reference to their interpretation and fulfilment, and to personal edification: Seeley, Burnside, and Seeley. Bickersteth, E. (1844). The Promised Glory of the Church of Christ: London. Bickersteth, E. (1845). Address to Christians in Behalf of Destitute Jews, who Have Been Baptized, Or are Inquiring Into Christianity. Bickersteth, E. (1845). The Signs of the Times in the East: A Warning to the West (1845): Kessinger Publishing.

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Bickersteth, E. (1846). The Divine Warning to the Church, at this Time, of Our Present Enemies, Dangers, and Duties, and as to Our Future Prospects: A Sermon ... With Notes and an Appendix, Containing Information Respecting the Present Diffusion of Infidelity, Lawlessness and Popery: Seeley, Burnside & Seeley. Bickersteth, E. (1846). Israel's Sins, and Israel's Hopes: Being Lectures Delivered During Lent, 1846, at St. George's, Bloombury: James Nisbet and Company. Bickersteth, E. (1846). Waiting for the Coming of Christ. Bickersteth, E. (1848). The Destruction of Babylon and the Nations, Specially in Reference to England's Position. Bickersteth, E. (1849). The New Covenant with Israel and Judah the Fruit of Christ's More Excellent Ministry. [A Lecture.]. Bickersteth, E. (1865). "Behold He Cometh". Bickersteth, E. (1868). The Victor, on His Throne, Delivering Up the Kingdom. [A Sermon.]. Bickersteth, E. (1870). The Resurrection of the Body: A Sermon, Preached in the Parish Church of Horsendon, on the Second Sunday After Easter, 1870, on the Occasion of the Death of Lucy Olivia Hobart, Wife of the Rev. W.E. Partridge, of Horsendon House, Bucks: Rivingtons. Bickersteth, E., & MARSHALL, J. (1845). The Special Blessedness of Those who Die in the Lord Before the Last Tribulation. A Funeral Sermon for Major General Josiah Marshall, Preached at Trinity Church, Clifton, Wednesday, April 2, 1845: Seeley, Burnside & Seeley. Bickersteth, E., & Society, A. R. (1843). The Judgment According to Works at the Coming of Christ: A Sermon Preached at St. John's Chapel, Bedford Row, Bloomsbury ... June 15, 1843: Seeley and Company. Bickersteth, E. H. (1854). Ezekiel: John Deighton. Bickersteth, E. H. (1869). Hades and heaven: or, What does Scripture reveal of the estate and employments of the blessed dead and of the risen saints: R. Carter and brothers. Bickersteth, E. H. (1869). The Second Death: Or, The Certainty of Everlasting Punishment : a Paper Read Before the London Clerical Conference, in the Vestry Room of St. Giles-in-the-Fields: Rivingtons. Bickle, M. (2008). Book of Revelation Study Guide: Strang Book Group. Birks, T. R. (1843). First elements of sacred prophecy: including an examination of several recent expositions and of the year-day theory: W.E. Painter. Birks, T. R. (1845). The Four Prophetic Empires and the Kingdom of Messiah: Being an Exposition of the First Two Visions of Daniel: Seeley, Burnside and Seeley. Birks, T. R. (1846). The two later visions of Daniel: historically explained: Seeley, Burnside, and Seeley. Birks, T. R. (1852). A memoir of the rev. Edward Bickersteth. Birks, T. R. (1880). Thoughts on the times and seasons of sacred prophecy. Blomberg, C. (1998). Eschatology and the Church: Some New Testament Perspectives. Themelios, 23, 3-26. Blomberg, C. L., & Chung, S. W. (2009). A case for historic premillennialism: an alternative to "left behind" eschatology: Baker Publishing Group.

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Boice, J. M. (1972). The Bible Study Hour Presents Bible Studies: Studies in Prophecy, Christmas Message: Bible Study Hour. Boice, J. M. (1974). The Last and Future World: Zondervan Publishing House. Boice, J. M. (1986). Foundations of the Christian Faith: InterVarsity Press. Boice, J. M. (2006). Daniel: Baker Publishing Group. Bonar, H. (1851). The grace, the service and the kingdom: Nisbet & Co. Bonar, H. (1852). The new Jerusalem, a hymn [ed. by H. Bonar]. Bonar, H. (1853). The Church in Sardis: A Sermon, Delivered on Sunday Evening, August 28th, 1853, at Ranelagh Presbyterian Church, George Street, Sloane Square, Chelsea. Bonar, H. (1854). The eternal day. Bonar, H. (1863). Behold, I make all things new, or, the lines of pre-millennialism: Charles Campbell. Bonar, H. (1868). Revelation: Dust & Ashes Publications. Bonar, H. (1875). Signs of the nearing Advent of Christ: Mason, Firth, & McCutcheon, Printers. Bonar, H., & Barnes, C. E. (1878). The second personal coming of Christ: Advent Christian Publication Society. Bonar, H., & Blackwood, S. A. (1879). The Sure Word of Prophecy. Bonar, H., & Brown, D. (1849). The coming and kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ: J. Rutherfurd. Bonar, H., & Christ, J. (1847). Prophetical landmarks; containing data for helping to determine the question of Christ's pre-millennial advent: James Nisbet. Boyce, J. C. (1880). Nigh Unto the End; Or, a Passage in Sacred Prophecy, (Rev. XVI. 12-15.) Now in Course of Translation Into History, Considered: London. Brightman, T. (1642). Reverend Mr. Brightmans Iudgement, Or Prophesies what Shall Befall Germany, Scotland, Holland, and the Churches Adhering to Them: Likewise what Shall Befall England, and the Hierarchy Therein. Collected Out of His Exposition on the Revelations, Printed Above Forty Yeares Since. Wonderfull to See how They are Fulfilled, and in Fulfilling, Foreseeing and Foretelling what Our Eyes Have Seen, and May See, Both in the Past, Present and Future State of Our Times. Declaring that the Reformation Began in Queene Elizabeth's Dayes, is Not Sufficient for Us Under Greater Light. Finishing the Work If We Now Withstand as Heretofore, We are to Expect, God Hath Had a Sad Controversie with the Land. This Faithfull Watchman Or Our English Prophet (as He is Cald) was Persecuted and Banished by the Bishops, and this Commentary Condemned by Them to the Fire; which They Could Not Effect in Queen Elizabeths Raigne, Till King Iames. Collected for the Good of Those who Want Time Or Coine, to Purchase a Large Volume: R. H. in Queens-head Alley. Brightman, T. (1644). Most Comfortable Exposition of the Last and Most Difficult Part of the Prophecie of Daniel, from the 26. Verse of the 11. Chapter, to the End of the 12. Chapter. Brightman, T. (1644). The Revelation of Saint John: Illustrated with Analysis and Scholions, Wherein the Fence is Opened by the Scripture, and the Events of Things Foretold Showed by Histories, Together with A Most Comfortable Exposition of the Last and Most Difficult Part of the Prophecy of Daniel, Wherein

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the Restoring of the Jews, and Their Calling to the Faith of Christ, After the Utter Overthrow of Their Three Last Enemies, is Set Forth in Lively Colours: Thomas Stafford. Brightman, T., Archer, J., Hayne, T., & Mede, J. (1645). Christs kingdome on earth, opened according to the Scriptures. Herein is examined what Mr. Th. Brightman, Dr. J. Alslede, Mr. J. Mede, Mr. H. Archer, The glympse of Sions glory, and such as concurre in opinion with them, hold concerning the thousand years of the saints reign with Christ, etc. Brightman, T., & Dent, A. (1798). The ruin of Rome: or, An exposition upon the whole Revelation. Wherein is plainly shewed and proved, that the popish religion, together with all the power and authority of Rome shall ebb and decay more throughout all the churches of Europe: Printed by Napier and Khull for S. Gardner. Brightman, T., & Halsted, J. (1647). Brightman Redivivus: Or, the Post-humian Of- spring of Mr Thomas Brightman, in IIII. Sermons. Viz. 1. Of the Two Covenants. 2. The Danger of Scandals. 3. Gods Commission to Christ to Preach the Gospell. 4. The Saints Securitie: London. Brightman, T., & Heywood, T. (1641). Brightmans Predictions and Prophesies: Written 46. Yeares Since; Concerning the Three Churches of Germanie, England and Scotland. Brooks, J. W. (1831). Investigator and Expositor of Prophecy V1: Simpkin and Marshall. Brooks, J. W. (1832). Investigator and Expositor of Prophecy: Simpkin and Marshall. Brooks, J. W. (1832). Investigator and Expositor of Prophecy V2: Simpkin and Marshall. Brooks, J. W. (1833). Investigator and Expositor of Prophecy V3: Simpkin and Marshall. Brooks, J. W. (1834). Abdiel's essays on the Advent and kingdom of Christ : and the events connected therewith. Brooks, J. W. (1834). Investigator and Expositor of Prophecy V4: Simpkin and Marshall. Brooks, J. W. (1835). A dictionary of writers on the prophecies, by the ed. of the Investigator on prophecy. Brooks, J. W. (1836). Investigator and Expositor of Prophecy V5: Simpkin and Marshall. Brooks, J. W. (1840). Essays on the advent and kingdom of Christ, and the events connected therewith: O. Rogers. Brooks, J. W. (1841). Elements of Prophetical Interpretation: General Books. Brooks, J. W. (1841). The history of the Hebrew nation: R.B. Seeley and W. Burnside. Brooks, J. W. (1842). Lectures on subjects connected with prophecy (by J.W. Brooks). (Edinb. assoc. for promoting the study of prophecy). Brooks, J. W. (1842). The Testimony of Prophecy Concerning the Conversion of the Gentiles and the Restoration of the Jews: an Address, Etc. Brooks, J. W. (1857). The Comet Will Not Strike the World, Neither Burn it: A Sermon Preached at St. Mary's, Nottingham, May 24, 1857: W. Dearden. Broughton, H. (1610). A Reuelation of the Holy Apocalyps: BiblioBazaar. Broughton, H., Boreel, J., & Henricpetri, S. (1599). Commentarius In Danielem: Per Sebastianvm Henricpetri. Brown, H. (1745). Justin Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho the Jew: Translated from the Greek into English, with notes, chiefly for the advantage of English readers, a

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preliminary dissertation, and a short analysis: Printed for the editor, by W. Jackson. Brown, J. A. (1823). The Even-Tide; Or, Last Triumph of the Blessed and Only Potentate, the King of Kings, and Lord of Lords; Being a Development of the Mysteries of Daniel and St. John, and of the Prophecies Respecting the Renovated Kingdom of Israel, Etc: London. Brown, J. A., & Frere, J. H. (1827). The Jew, the master-key of the Apocalypse; in answer to mr Frere's 'General structure' [&c.]. Bulkeley, R., Comenius, J. A., Daut, J. M., & Misson, F. M. (1689). Prophetical Extracts: G. Terry. Bunyan, J. (1692). Of Antichrist, and His Ruin (Mobi Classics): MobileReference. Burgh, W. (1821). The Coming of the Day of God, in Connexion with the First Resurrection - the Reign of Christ on Earth - the Restitution of All Things, Etc: A Discourse on 2 Peter, Iii. 11, 12, 13, by an Humble Expectant of the Promise: Richard Moore Tims : Sold in London. Burgh, W. (1840). The Pre-millennial Advent and Personal Reign of Christ: Demonstrated in Four Advent Sermons, Preached on Sundays, December the 1st, 8th, 15th, and 22nd, 1839. With an Appendix of Notes: Richard Moore Tims. Burgh, W. (1841). Lectures on the Second Advent of Our Lord Jesus Christ: And Connected Events, with an Introduction on the Use of Unfulfilled Prophecy: B.M. Tims. Burgh, W. (1857). An exposition of the book of the Revelation: Hodges, Smith, & Co. Burnet, T. (1816). The Sacred Theory of the Earth: In which are Set Forth the Wisdom of God Displayed in the Works of the Creation, Salvation, and Consummation of All Things: T. Kinnersley. Buswell, J. O. (1937). Unfulfilled prophecies: Zondervan Pub. House. Buswell, J. O. (1962). A systematic theology of the Christian religion: Zondervan Pub. House. Buzzard, A. F. (1988). The Coming Kingdom of the Messiah: The Solution to the Riddle of the New Testament: Ministry School Publications. Cameron, R. (1896). The doctrine of the ages: Revell. Cameron, R. (1922). Scriptural Truth about the Lord's Return: Fleming H. Revell Company. Canfield, J. M. (2004). The Incredible Scofield and His Book: Ross House Books. Carson, D. A. (2007). New Testament Commentary Survey: Baker Publishing Group. Carson, D. A., & Moo, D. J. (2009). An Introduction to the New Testament: Zondervan. Cary, M. (1648). The Resurrection of the Witnesses; and Englands Fall from (the Mystical Babylon) Rome: D.M. Cary, M. (1651). The Little Horns Doom & Downfall: Or A Scripture-prophesie of King James, and King Charles, and of this Present Parliament, Unfolded: Wherein it Appeares, that ... the Late Kings Doom and Death, was So Long Ago, as by Daniel Predeclared: author. Caverhill, J. (1777). An Explanation of the Seventy Weeks of Daniel, and of the Several Sections of These Seventy Weeks ... To which is Added an Exposition of the Chronology of the Jewish Judges, Etc: London.

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Clarke, A. (1763). A View of the Glory of the Messiah's Kingdom: Containing a Brief Commentary on Several Select Passages of the Book of the Revelations, Compared with the Old Testament Prophecies ... Shewing by Many Infallible Testimonies and Proofs Out of the Holy Scriptures ... To which is Prefix'd, An Address to the Friendly Society of Gardeners Throughout Great Britain: author, and sold. Clarke, D. G. A. (1957). The Historical Development of the Christian Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Body: Trinity College. Clarke, J. E. (1814). Dissertation on the dragon, beast, and falseprophet, of the Apocalypse.: Printed for the author. Clarke, R. (1759). An Essay on the Number Seven: Wherein the Duration of the Church of Rome, and of the Mahometan Imposture : the Time Also of the Conversion of the Jews, and the Year of the World, for the Beginning of the Millennium; and for the First Resurrection of the Martyrs, are Attempted to be Shewn: J. Rivington and J. Fletcher. Clarke, R. (1759). The Prophetic Numbers of Daniel and John Calculated in Order to Shew the Time when the Day of Judgement ... is to be Expected: H. Gaine. Clarke, R. (1759). Questions & Answers to the Prophetic Numbers of Daniel & John Calculated: In Order to Shew the Time, when the Day of Judgment for this First Age of the Gospel is to be Expected: Green & Russell, and Edes & Gill. Clarke, R. (1760). A Spiritual Voice to the Christian Church, and to the Jews: In an Explanation of the Sabbatical Year of Moses by the Gospel of Jesus Christ : in which the Approaching Millennium is Supported, and the Different Durations of Future Punishments are Proved and Confirmed by the Two Revelations of God: J. Townsend. Clarke, R. (1770). A Second Warning to the World, by the Spirit of Prophecy in an Explanation of the Mysteries in the Feast of Trumpets on the First Day of The: BiblioBazaar. Clarke, R. (1775). A Series of Dialogues, Addressed to the Jews in the 35th Jubilee of Their Dispersion and Captivity: author; and sold. Clayton, R. (1749). A Dissertation on Prophecy Wherein the Coherence and Connexion of the Prophecies in Both the Old and New Testament are Fully Considered Together with an Explanation of the Revelation of St. John: J. Watts. Clayton, R. (1751). An enquiry into the time of the coming of the Messiah in 2015: Printed for J. Brindley. Clöter, C. (1861). Das Ewige Evangelium vom kommenden Weltreich des Messias: Die Lehren der allgemeinen apostolischen Kirche aus dem Zusammenhange der Evangelien und der Episteln des Kirchenjahres gezogen, in Betrachtungen über die sonn- und festtäglichen Evangelien und Episteln: Himmer. Clouse, R. G. (1963). The Influence of John Henry Alsted on English Millenarian Thought in the Seventeenth Century: University of Iowa. Cole, P. R., & Alsted, J. H. (2010). A Neglected Educator: Johann Heinrich Alsted: BiblioBazaar. Collins, O. E. (2007). The Final Prophecy of Jesus: An Introduction, Analysis and Commentary on the Book of Revelation: Wipf & Stock Pub.

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Comenius, J. A., Kotter, C., Poniatowska, K., & Drabicius, N. (1663). Revelationum divinarum, in usum seculi nostri quibusdam nuper factarum, Epitome: Ad cito, quid sibi praesens terribilis mundi commotio velit pervidendum, indeque serio metum dei concipiendum, et per poenitentiam veram ultimum interitum praeveniendum: s.n. Comstock, C. (1827). Some Scripture facts and prophecies illustrated in a treatise in answer to three questions: I. How did God make man? II: Printed by R. Bannister. Comstock, C., & Haswell, A. (1808). A Key to the Revelations, Or An Exposition of the Prophecies, According to Lowman and Faber: A. Haswell, printer, Bennington, Vermont. Cooper, R. B. (1833). Commentary on the Revelation of st. John: J.G. & F. Rivington. Couch, M. (1997). Dictionary of Premillennial Theology: Kregel Publications. Cox, J. Is the Second Coming of Christ Before Or After the Millennium?: What Saith the Scriptures? : Ward & Company. Cox, J. (1840). A Millenarians̓ Answer of the Hope that is in Him: Or a Brief Statement and Defence of the Doctrine of Christs̓ Pre-millennial Advent and Personal Reign on Earth : to which is Added a Brief History of Millenarianism Consisting of Various Quotations from Writers on this Subject Both Ancient and Modern: O. Rogers. Cox, J. (1856). The First Fruits: A Scriptural Inquiry Into the Time and Season of the First Resurrection, and the Change of Those who are Alive and Remain: W.S. Young, printer. Cox, J. (1860). Themes for Thought in the Prophetic Page: London. Cox, J. (1862). The Future: an Outline of Events Predicted in the Holy Scriptures; Being a Revised Edition of "Themes for Thought in the Prophetic Page.": London. Cox, J. (1878). The Path of Life and the Perfect Rest, Or, a Glance at the World Above and the World to Come. By a Pilgrim of Seventy [i.e. J. Cox]. [Edited by His Son John Cox.]: London. Cox, J. (1897). Prophecy, Its Importance and General Scope: Houlston & Sons. Cox, J. (1898). Time; Its Dispensations and Its Rivers. With Illustrative Diagram: London. Cox, J. (1910). A Premillennial Manual: J. Nisbet & Company. Cox, J. (2010). Thoughts on the Coming and Kingdom of Our Lord Jesus Christ Thoughts on the Coming and Kingdom of Our Lord Jesus Christ: General Books. Cressener, D. (1689). The judgments of God upon the Roman-Catholick church, from its first rigid laws for universal conformity to it, unto its last end. ... In explication of the trumpets and vials of the Apocalypse, upon principles generally acknowledged by protestant interpreters: Printed for R. Chiswell. Cressener, D. (1690). A Demonstration of the First Principles of the Protestant Applications of the Apocalypse. Together with the Consent of the Ancients Concerning the Fourth Beast in the 7th of Daniel and the Beast in the Revelations: London. Croly, G. (1827). The Apocalypse of St. John: or Prophecy of the rise, progress, and fall of the Church of Rome; the inquisition; the revolution of France; the universal war; and the final triumph of Christianity. Being a new interpretation: E. Littell. Croly, G. (1834). Divine providence; or, The three cycles of revelation.

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Culbertson, R. (1826). Lectures, expository and practical, on the book of Revelation. Culver, R. D. (1947). The genuineness of the book of Daniel: Grace Theological Seminary. Culver, R. D. (1952). A basis for the premillennial interpretation of the book of Daniel: Grace Theological Seminary. Culver, R. D. (1954). Daniel and the latter days: F. H. Revell Co. Culver, R. D. (1972). Expository and explanatory lectures on the Book of Daniel: s.n. Culver, R. D. (1980). The Histories and Prophecies of Daniel: BMH Books. Culver, R. D. (2005). Systematic Theology: Biblical and Historical: Stl Distribution North Amer. Cumming, J. (1850). Lectures on the Seven Churches of Asia Minor. Cumming, J. (1851). Rome, the Babylon of the Apocalypse. Cumming, J. (1854). Cumming's Works. Cumming, J. (1855). Apocalyptic sketches: or, Lectures on the book of Revelation. Delivered in the large room, Exeter Hall, in 1847-48: Hall & co. Cumming, J. (1855). The End: Or, the Proximate Signs of the Close of This Dispensation: BiblioLife. Cumming, J. (1855). Signs of the times: or, Present, past, and future: Lindsay and Blakiston. Cumming, J. (1860). The book of Daniel. (Sabbath morning readings on the Old Test.). Cumming, J. (1860). The great preparation; or Redemption draweth nigh: Rudd & Carleton. Cumming, J. (1860). The Great Tribulation or Things Coming on the Earth. Cumming, J. (1864). The Destiny of Nations as Indicated in Prophecy: Hurst & Blackett. Cumming, J. (1864). The Great Consummation: The Millennial Rest: Nabu Press. Cumming, J. (1865). Behold the bridegroom cometh, the last warning cry, with reasons for the hope that is in me: James Nisbet & Co. Cumming, J. (1867). The last warning cry: with reasons for the hope that is in me: G. W. Carlton. Cumming, J. (1868). When shall these things be? Or, Signs of the last times. Cumming, J., & Elliott, E. B. (1868). Conversations on the Book of Revelation. Cuninghame, W. (1810). Remarks upon David Levi's Dissertations on the prophecies relative to the Messiah: and upon the evidences of the divine character of Jesus Christ: addressed to the consideration of the Jews: Black, Parry, and Kingsbury. Cuninghame, W. (1832). A dissertation on the seals and trumpets of the Apocalypse: and the prophetical period of twelve hundred and sixty years: Thomas Cadell. Cuninghame, W. (1839). The fulness of the times: being an analysis of the chronology of the seventy. In two parts. ... With an introductory dissertation, wherein is established the epoch of the fall of Adam, &c: J. Nisbet and co. Cunningham, W. (1862). The Reformers: And the Theology of the Reformation. Cunningham, W. (1870). Historical Theology: A Review of the Principal Doctrinal Discussions in the Christian Church Since the Apostolic Age: T. & T. Clark. Cunninghame, W. (1818). The Apostasy of the Church of Rome and the Identity of the Paper Power: Young, Gallie and Company. Cunninghame, W. (1828). A Summary View of the Scriptural Argument for the Second and Glorious Advent of Messiah Before the Millennium: Maurice Ogle.

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Cunninghame, W., & Wardlaw, R. (1830). A Review of the Rev. Dr. Wardlaw's Sermon on the Millennium: With an Answer to His Arguments Against the Millennial Resurrection and Reign of the Saints and Martyrs of Jesus: J. Smith and Son. Dallas, A. R. C. (1850). Introduction to prophetical researches, the divine purpose, as it may be gathered from holy Scripture. Daubuz, C., & Lancaster, P. (1730). A perpetual commentary on the Revelation of St. John: Printed for the author, and sold by W. Innys. Daubuz, C., Lancaster, P., & Habershon, M. (1842). A symbolical dictionary: J. Nisbet and co. Daubuz, C., & Wemyss, T. (1840). A key to the symbolical language of Scripture: by which numerous passages are explained and illustrated : founded on the Symbolical dictionary of Daubuz, with additions from Vitringa, Ewaldus, and others: Thomas Clark. Dearman, J. A. (2005). Left behind?: Reading the Bible with dispensationalists: Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary. Dixon, A. C., Webb-Peploe, H. W., Gooch, W. F., Langston, E. L., Morgan, G. C., Schofield, A. T., . . . Holden, J. S. (1918). Advent Testimony Addresses Delivered at the Meetings at Queen's Hall, London, December 13th, 1917: Chas. J. Thynne. Dunn, H. (1850). The Revelation of St. John, Simply Analyzed and Briefly Expounded. Elliott, E. B. (1847). Hore Apocalyptice Or a Commentary on the Apocalyps: BiblioBazaar. Elliott, E. B. (1853). Church History the Key to Prophecy. A Series of Lectures for Family, School-room, and General Use. Elliott, E. B., & Alford, H. (1862). Apocalypsis Alfordiana, or, five letters to ... H. Alford, ..., in refutation of his Apocalyptic exposition, and vindication from his criticisms of that given in the "Horæ Apocalypticæ:" together with a brief critical inquiry into the literary character ... of his general Greek New Testament Commentary. Elliott, E. B., Cumming, J., Chalmers, T., Hitchcock, E., Wesley, J., & Congregationalist, A. (1856). "The Time of the End:": A Prophetic Period, Developing, as Predicted, an Increase of Knowledge Respecting the Prophecies and Periods that Foretell the End: Illustrated by the History of Prophetic Interpretation, the Expectation of the Church and the Various Computations of the Times of Daniel and John: J. P. Jewett. Erbery, W. (1648). The Lord of Hosts: Or, God Guarding the Camp of the Saints, and the Beloved City: Tho. Newcomb. Erbery, W. (1652). The Sword Doubled to Cut Off Both the Righteous and the Wicked; Drawn Forth in Two Following Discourses: (The Grand Oppressor; Or, the Terror of Tithes, First Felt, and Now Confest. By W. Erberie. A Scourge for the Assyrian, the Great Oppressor, According to the Slaughter of Midian, by the Annointing, Isa. X. 26, 27, that Is, God Manifest in Flesh, Dividing and Destroying that Oppressive Power in All Church Formes, and in the Spirits of the Mighty.). Erbery, W. (1653). A Flash of Lightning from the East: To Fright All the Inhabitants of the Earth : With a Petition to the High Court of Heaven, in Behalf of the Nation ; as Also, An Alarm to the Army and General.

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Erbery, W. (1654). Great Earthquake, Revel. 16.18., Or Fall of All the Churches: Discovering the Apostasie of Purest Churches Not Yet Sensible to Their Spiritual Whoredoms, Or, the Great Whore Made Bare and Naked Before She be Judged, and Her Flesh Burnt with Fire: Pr. for Giles Calvert. Erbery, W. (1654). The Man of Peace: Or, The Glorious Appearance of the Great God in His People, Rising as a Man of War, to Waste the Assyrian, that Is, the Mighty Oppressor, Or Enemy to Our Peace: Being a Second Olive-leaf, Springing 1.To Heal the Nation, Or People of the Land. 2.To Humble the Princes, Or People of the Lord. 3.To Heighten the Spirits of the English, Above All the Nations About, to Break Them, Or Bring Them in (with Us) to the Government of Jesus: by James Cottrel. Erbery, W. (1770). A Scourge for the Assirian the Great Oppressor, According to the Slaughter of Midian, by the Anointing Isai 10, 26, 27: W. Laplain. Erbery, W. (2012). The Testimony of William Erbery, Left Upon for the Saints of Suceeding Ages: HardPress. Erbery, W., & Cottrell, J. (1654). An Olive-leaf: Or, Some Peaceable Considerations to the Christian Meeting at Christs-Church in London, Munday, Jan. 9. 1653 : Also, the Reign of Christ, and the Saints with Him, on Earth, a Thousand Yeers, One Day, and the Day at Hand: Imprinted at London by J. Cottrel. Erdman, W. J., Erdman, C. R. (1913). The Return of Christ: W.J. Erdman. Erdman, W. J., & Erdman, C. R. (1930). Notes on Revelation: Fleming H. Revell Company. Erdman, W. J., Erdman, C. R., & Erdman, F. (1920). A Theory Reviewed. Erickson, M. J. (1977). Contemporary options in eschatology: a study of the millennium: Baker Book House. Erickson, M. J. (1998). Basic Guide to Eschatology, A: Making Sense of the Millennium: Baker Publishing Group. Erickson, M. J. (1998). Christian Theology: Baker Publishing Group. Eyre, J. (1771). Observations upon the prophecies relating to the restoration of the Jews; with an appendix in answer to the objections of some late writers: Printed for T. Cadell. Eyre, J., & Witherby, W. (1818). A review of Scripture, in testimony of the truth of the second advent, the first resurrection and the millenium. With an appendix containing extracts from J. Eyre's Observations on the prophecies relating to the restoration of the Jews. By a layman [W. Witherby]. Eyton, E. T. (1855). Dates in Daniel and the Revelation. Faber, G. S. (1803). A dissertation on the mysteries of the Cabiri or the great gods of Phenice ...: being an Attempt to deduce the feveral Orgies of Isis, Ceres, Mithras, Bacchus: University Press. Faber, G. S. (1808). A dissertation on the prophecies, that have been fulfilled, are now fulfilling, or will beherafter fulfilled: Published by Andrews and Cummings, Greenough and Stebbins, printers. Faber, G. S. (1809). A general & connected view of the prophecies, relative to the conversion, restoration, union & future glory of the houses of Judah & Israel: W. Andrews. Faber, G. S. (1811). A dissertation on the prophecy contained in Daniel ix, 24-27.

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Faber, G. S. (1814). A Dissertation on the Prophecies ... relative to The Great Period of 1260 Years etc. Faber, G. S. (1828). The sacred calendar of prophecy; or, A dissertation on the prophecies which treat of the grand period of seven times and especially of its second moiety. Faber, G. S. (1845). Eight dissertations on certain connected prophetical passages of Holy Scripture: bearing, more or less, upon the promise of a mighty deliverer: Seeley, Burnside, and Seeley. Faber, G. S. (1853). The predicted downfall of the Turkish power the preparation for the return of the ten tribes. Faber, G. S. (1859). Napoleon III, the man of prophecy: or, The revival of the French emperorship anticipated from the necessity of prophecy: Appleton. Faber, G. S., & Frere, J. H. (1815). Remarks on the effusion of the fifth apocalyptic vial, and the late extraordinary restoration of the imperial revolutionary government of France; to which is added a critical examination of mr. Frere's Combined view of the prophecies of Daniel, Esdras and st. John. Faber, G. S., Graves, R. H., & Keith, A. (1858). Terminal Synchronism of Daniel's Two Principal Periods: Two Thousand Three Hundred Days, and a Time, Times, and the Dividing of Time. By the Author of Daniel's Great Period of Two Thousand Three Hundred Days Discovered [i.e. Richard Hastings Graves]. With Discussions on the Two Different Commencements Assigned by Dr. Keith and Rev. G.S. Faber, to the Period, a Time, Times, and Dividing of Time: London. Faber, G. S., & Whitaker, E. W. (1806). A supplement to the Dissertation on the 1260 years: containing a full reply to the objections and misrepresentations of the rev. E.W. Whitaker. Fathers, A. (1948). The Didache, the Epistle of Barnabus, the Epistles and the Martyrdom of St. Polycarp, the Fragments of Papias, the Epistle to Diognetus: Newman Press. Fausset, A. R., Guinness, H. G., Godet, F. L., Beet, J. A., Edwards, T. C., & Brown, D. (1887). The second advent: will it be before the millennium?: Affirmative: J. Pott and Co. Faust, J. (2002). The rod: will God spare it? : Schoettle Pub. Co. Fessenden, D. (1999). Present Truths: The Historical and Contemporary Distinctives of The Christian and Missionary Alliance. Alliance Academic Review 1999. Fleming, R. (1793). A discourse on earthquakes: as supernatural and premonitory signs to a nation, especially as to what occured in the year 1692: G. Terry. Fleming, R. (1801). Shewing the exact accomplishment of the word of God, in his works of providence, performed, and to be performed: Stephen Young. Fleming, R. (1844). Apocalyptical key: a discourse on the rise and fall of anti-Christ; or, The pouring out of the vials in the sixteenth chapter of Revelations: Printed by R.C. Langdon. Fleming, R., & Thomson, T. N. (1848). The rise and fall of Rome papal. Repr. with notes, preface and a memoir of the author. Fortunatus, V. H. C., & Fletcher, W. (1871). The works of Lactantius: T. & T. Clark. Frank, E. (1995). A Survey of Early Premillennialism. WRS Journal 2:1 ((February 1995) ), 7, 11-13, 16-17.

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Fraser, A. (1802). A key to the prophecies of the Old & New Testaments: which are not yet accomplished: containing, I. Rules for their arrangement. II. Observations on their dates. III. A general view of the events foretold in them: Printed for D. Hogan, from the press of John Bioren. Frere, J. H. (1826). A combined view of the prophecies of Daniel, Ezra, and St. John: Printed for J. Hatchard. Frere, J. H. (1831). Eight letters on the prophecies, relating to the last times. Frere, J. H. (1833). Three letters on the prophecies, in continuation of eight letters, published in 1831. Frere, J. H. (1848). The great Continental Revolution marking the expiration of the Times of the Gentiles, A.D. 1847-8: To which is added a reprint of a letter, dated July 15, 1845, addressed to the Rev. Dr. Wolff ... and of other occasional papers: J. Hatchard. Frere, J. H. (1850). Notes forming a brief interpretation of the Apocalypse: intended to be read in connexion with 'The combined view of the prophecies of Daniel, Ezra, and st. John': J. Hatchard. Froom, L. R. E. (1950). The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers: New World recovery and consummation of prophetic interpretation (Vol. 1 - 4): Review and Herald. Frost, H. W. (1924). Matthew Twenty-four and the Revelation: An Analysis, Literal Translation and Exposition of Each: Oxford University Press. Fry, H. W. (1919). Autobiography: s.n. Fry, J. (1822). The second advent vol 1: Printed for Ogle, Duncan, and co. Fry, J. (1822). The second advent vol 2. Fry, J. (1835). Observations on the unfulfilled prophecies of Scripture which are yet to have their accomplishment before the coming of the Lord. Galloway, J. (1802). Brief commentaries upon such parts of the Revelation and other prophecies as immediately refer to the present times. Gallus, C. (1592). Clavis prophetica: nova apocalypseōs Joannis apostoli et evangeliographi : explicata in Academia Lugdunensi Bat: Apud Franciscum Raphelengium. Garratt, S. (1854). Our Father: or, Jesus teaching to pray, an exposition of the Lord's prayer. Garratt, S. (1860). World Without End: Read Books. Garratt, S. (1861). The midnight cry. Garratt, S. (1868). Signs of the Times. Garratt, S. (1871). Christian chivalry; or, The armour of God on the soldier of the Cross. Gawler, J. C. (1881). The Two Olive Trees: (Zech. Iv. 11-14 ; Rev. Xi. 3-4). The Story of the Two Witnesses; Or The Measuring of the Temple: Being Further Details by St. John in Rev. Xi. Regarding the "Two Olive Trees" (Zech. Iv.) - the Houses of Israel and Judah. The Seven Vials Or Plagues (Rev. Xvi.): W. H. Guest. Gibson, S. M. (2001). A.J. Gordon: American Premillennialist: University Press of America. Gill, J. (1765). The doctrine of the wheels, in the visions of Ezekiel, opened and explained: in a sermon preached to an assembly of ministers and churches, at the meeting-house of the Rev. Mr. Anderson, ... April the 25th, 1765. By John Gill: printed; and sold by G. Keith; J. Robinson; and W. Lepard.

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Gill, J. (1794). The sure performance of prophecy; and The glorious state of the saints in heaven: Two sermons preached to the Society which supported the Wednesday's Evening Lecture in Great East-cheap, January 1, and December 31, 1755. ... By John Gill: Printed and published by J. Chalmers. Sold also by J. Mathews; M. Trapp, J. Parsons, W. Button; T. Chapman; W. Ash, and J. Murgatroyd; D. Taylor; and J. Fenley, Bristol. Gill, J. (1812). The glory of the Church in the latter day, a sermon. Gill, J. (2010). A Dissertation Concerning the Baptism of Jewish Proselytes: ... by John Gill, D. D. This Dissertation was First Published at the End of the Body of Pra: BiblioBazaar. Girdlestone, R. B. (1869). Dies iræ: the judgment of the great day viewed in the light of Scripture and conscience. Girdlestone, R. B. (1955). Grammar of Prophecy: An Attempt to Discover the Method Underlying the Prophetic Scriptures: Wipf & Stock Publishers. Gordon, A. J. (1934). Behold He Cometh-Ecce Venit. (Second Edition.): London. Gordon, E. B. (2009). Adoniram Judson Gordon: BiblioBazaar. Greenhill, J. (1755). An Essay on the Prophecies of the New Testament: Which Relate to the Destruction of Jerusalem, and the Dispersion of the Jews; to the Fall of Rome and the Roman Empire, and to the Millennium; ... By Joseph Greenhill: S. Crowder and H. Woodgate. Greenhill, J. (1774). The Millennium: Or, a Dissertation on the Most Prosperous State of the Church of Christ Here on Earth for a Thousand Years ... The Fifth Edition, with Large Additions: London. Grossman, R. A. (1981). The Rapture: Is It Before Or After the Tribulation: Interdisciplinary Biblical research. Groves, A. N. (1833). On the nature of Christian influence: Printed at the American Mission Press. Grudem, W. (2009). Bible Doctrine: Essential Teachings of the Christian Faith: Inter- Varsity Press. Grudem, W. (2009). Christian Beliefs: Twenty Basics Every Christian Should Know: Zondervan. Grudem, W. (2009). Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine: Zondervan. Grudem, W. (2011). Making Sense of the Future: One of Seven Parts from Grudem's Systematic Theology: Zondervan. Guinness, H. G. (1878). The approaching end of the age viewed in the light of history, prophecy and science. Guinness, H. G. (1888). The divine programme of the world's history: Hodder and Stoughton. Guinness, H. G. (1891). The city of the seven hills [a poem]. Guinness, H. G. (1896). Creation Centred in Christ: BiblioBazaar. Guinness, H. G. (1899). Key to the Apocalypse; Or, The Seven Interpretations of Symbolic Prophecy: London. Guinness, H. G. (1906). History Unveiling Prophecy, Or, Time As an Interpreter: General Books.

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Guinness, H. G. (2011). Light for the Last Days: A Study Historic and Prophetic: Nabu Press. Gundry, R. H. (1973). The Church and the tribulation: Zondervan. Gundry, R. H. (1996). First the Antichrist: Why Christ Won't Come Before the Antichrist Does: Baker Books. Gundry, R. H. (2005). The Old Is Better: New Testament Essays in Support of Traditional Interpretations: Mohr Siebeck. Gundry, S., Archer, G. L., Feinberg, P. D., Moo, D. J., & Reiter, R. R. (1996). Three Views of the Rapture. Zondervan, Grand Rapids, 199, 33-41. Gundry, S. N., Blaising, C. A., Gentry Jr, K. L., Strimple, R. B., & Bock, D. L. (1999). Three views on the millennium and beyond: Zondervan. Habershon, M. (1834). A dissertation on the prophetic Scriptures: Printed by G. Ellerton, and published by J. Nisbet. Habershon, M. (1836). Pre-millennial Hymns: J. Nisbet. Habershon, M. (1840). An historical dissertation [&c.]. Habershon, M. (1841). A Guide to the Study of Chronological Prophecy: Selected and Abridged from a Larger Treatise by the Same Author, Entitled "A Dissertation on the Prophetic Scriptures": O. Rogers. Habershon, M. (1841). A Guide to the Study of Chronological Prophecy: Selected and Abridged from a Larger Treatise by the Same Author, Entitled "A Dissertation on the Prophetic Scriptures," &c. &c: Orrin Rogers. Habershon, M. (1841). An historical exposition of the prophecies of the Revelation of St. John: shewing their connection with and confirmation of those of Daniel, and the Old Testament in general; particularly in their most important aspect on the present times: J. Nisbet and co. Habershon, M. (1841). Literalist: essays and sermons on the advent and kingdom of Christ, etc: Orrin Rogers. Habershon, M. (1842). Two Remarkable Signs of the Times Viewed in Connexion with Prophecy: First, Reasons for Believing the Death of the Duke of Orleans to be the First Thunder, Second, an Authentic Account of the West London Synagogue of British Jews...forming an Appendix to the Third Edition of "A Dissertation on the Prophetic Scriptures", Lately Published: James Nisbet. Habershon, M. (1845). The Shadow of the Evening: Or the Signs of the Lord's Speedy Return: James Nisbet. Habershon, M. (2010). A Guide to the Study of Chronological Prophecy: Selected and Abridged from a Larger Treatise by the Same Author, Entitled A Dissertation on the Prop: BiblioBazaar. Hall, E. H. (2009). Papias and His Contemporaries; a Study of Religious Thought in the Second Century: BiblioLife. Hallet, J. (1726). A Free and Impartial Study of the Holy Scriptures Recommended: Being Notes on Some Peculiar Texts, with Discourses and Observations, Etc. Hamilton, J. M., & Hughes, R. K. (2012). Revelation: The Spirit Speaks to the Churches: Crossway. Hamilton, J. M. J. (2006). God's Indwelling Presence: The Holy Spirit in the Old And New Testaments: B&H Publishing Group.

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Hamilton, J. M. J. (2010). God's Glory in Salvation Through Judgment: A Biblical Theology: Good News Pub. Hamilton, J. M. J., & Hughes, R. K. (2012). Revelation: The Spirit Speaks to the Churches: Good News Pub. Hammon, G., & Holland, H. (1658). Syon's Redemption, and Original Sin Vindicated ... Being an Answer to a Book of Mr. H. Holland. By G. Hammon. (Annotations Upon the Ninth Chapter to the Romans.). Hammon, G., & Holland, H. (1660). Truth and Innocency Prevailing Against Error and Insolency: [concerning Baptism, the Resurrection, God's Love to Mankind, and the Personal Reign of Christ Upon Earth] ... by Way of Answer to Mr. H. Holland ... Whereunto Also is Added, a Second Part, Wherein is Proved, that All the Laws and Statutes of King Jesus ... are Practicable, and to be Practised ... Being an Answer to One R.S. Hendon. By G. Hammon. Hardy, F. W. (1986). An historicist perspective on Daniel 11: Univ. Microfilms Internat. Hardy, F. W. (1995). Studies in Revelation: Revelation 4-5 and 19a: Frank W. Hardy. Hardy, S. (1770). The Principal Prophecies of the Old and New Testaments; Particularly Those in the Revelation of St. John, Compared and Explained: Containing I. An Account of the Future Idolatry of the Jews and Their Captivity. II. The Fall of Babylon. III. The Rise and Fall of Antichrist. IV. The State of the Millennium. Harris, R. L., Dunnett, W. M., Schultz, S. J., & Smith, G. V. (2007). Exploring the Bible: A Guide to the Old and New Testaments: Crossway. Harris, R. L., Quek, S. H., & Vannoy, J. R. (1986). Interpretation & History: Essays in Honour of Allan A. MacRae: Christian Life Publishers. Hartley, T. (1799). Paradise Restored: Or, a Testimony to the Doctrine of the Blessed Millennium: BiblioBazaar. Henry, M., & Packer, J. I. (1999). Revelation: Crossway. Hermas, S. (1997). The Shepherd of Hermas: Old Hutterian Publishing Company. Holden, J. S. (1918). Will the Christ Return? : Fleming H. Revell Company. Holmes, J. I. (1815). The Fulfilment of the Revelation of Saint John Elucidated ... with an Illustration of the New Jerusalem, and Certain Portions of Daniel and Ezekiel: J. Hatchard. Holmes, J. I. (1815). The Revelation of saint John ... elucidated, from its commencement A.D.96 to the overthrow of the French empire under Napoleon Bonaparte. Homes, N. (1833). The resurrection revealed: or, The dawning of the day-star: Simpkin and Marshall. Hopkins, S. (1793). A treatise on the millennium: Arno Press. Horner, B. E. (2000). The Olivet Discourse Matthew 24 Horner, B. E. (2004). Judeo-Centric Eschatology An ethical challenge to Reformed eschatology (pp. 417). Horner, B. E., & Clendenen, E. R. (2007). Future Israel: Why Christian Anti-Judaism Must Be Challenged: B&H Publishing Group. Hort, R. (1748). A Sermon on the Glorious Kingdom of Christ Upon Earth: Or the Millennium. Preached at Christ-Church, Dublin, on the Second Sunday in Advent, 1747. By Robert Hort: Dublin printed: and London re-printed for W. Reeve. Hotson, H. (2000). Johann Heinrich Alsted, 1588-1638: Between Renaissance, Reformation, and Universal Reform: Clarendon Press.

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Hotson, H. B. (1994). Johann Heinrich Alsted: Encyclopedism, Millenarianism and the Second Reformation in Germany: University of Oxford. Howe, T. (1801). The millennium: or, Chearful prospects of the reign of truth, peace, and righteousness; and Serious reflections on the commencement of the new century, 2 discourses: Preached the first on November 5, 1800, and the second on January 4, 1801 in the New Chapel, Bridport, with notes: Printed and sold by Thomas Norris. Hythe, E. J., & Bickersteth, E. (1868). Signs of Our Times: April 1 [and] May 1, 1868 : a Monthly Magazine of Second Advent and Prophetic Exposition, and General Intelligence: J. Snow. Irving, E. (1824). For the oracles of God, four orations: For judgment to come, an argument, in nine parts: T. Hamilton. Irving, E. (1827). Preliminary Discourse to Ben-Ezra's Work: On the Second Advent. Irving, E. (1828). Babylon and infidelity foredoomed of God: a discourse on the prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse: The church missionary house. Irving, E. (1828). The last days: a discourse on the evil character of these our times, proving them to be the 'perilous times' of the 'last days'. Irving, E. (1828). On Subjects National and Prophetical, 7 Discourses: Seeley & Burnside. Irving, E. (1829). Daniel's Vision: Of the Four Beasts and of the Son of Man Opened, and Applied to Our Present Crisis in Church and State: J. Nisbet. Irving, E. (1829). Lectures on the book of the Revelation. Lect. 1. Irving, E. (1829). The Signs of the Times. [Signed: E.I., I.e. Edward Irving.]: London. Irving, E. (1831). Exposition of the book of Revelation Vol 3: Baldwin and Cardock. Irving, E. (1831). Exposition of the book of Revelation, lects. Irving, E. (1860). Sermons for the Last Days: Ordination Charge: D. Hobbs & Company. Irving, E. (1867). The Prophetical Works of Edward Irving: Strahan. Isreels, J. (1827). Ezekiel's temple: being an attempt to delineate the structure of the holy edifice. Jackson, J. L. (1830). The Millennial Church, Or, Christ's Personal Reign Upon Earth. Jerram, C. (2010). An Essay Tending to Shew the Grounds Contained in Scripture for Expecting a Future Restoration of the Jews by Charles Jerram: BiblioLife. Jones, T. (1835). Sober views of the millennium. Keener, C. S. (1999). A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Keener, C. S. (2000). NIV Application Commentary: Revelation: Hodder General Publishing Division. Keener, C. S. (2009). Revelation: Zondervan. Keith, A. (1832). The signs of the times: as denoted by the fulfilment of historical predictions : traced down from the Babylonish captivity to the present time: Jonathan Leavitt. Keith, A. (1843). The land of Israel, according to the covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob: William Whyte. Keith, A. (1847). An Examination of Mr. Elliott's Theory of the First Six Seals, and of the Death, Resurrection and Ascension of the Witnesses: Profixed to the Eighth Edition of "The Signs of the Times": William Whyte & Company.

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Keith, A. (1851). The harmony of prophecy: or, Scriptural illustrations of the Apocalypse: Harper & brothers. King, E. (1798). Remarks on the signs of the times: Printed for George Nicol. Kirchmaier, G. C., & Kunad, A. (1694). Quatuor equites apocalypticos. Klein, W. W., Blomberg, C. L., & Dr Robert L Hubbard, J. (2004). Introduction to Biblical Interpretation: T. Nelson. Kleist, J. A. (1948). The Didache, The Epistle of Barnabas: The Epistles and The Martyrdom of St. Polycarp, The Fragments of Papias, The Epistle to Diognetus: Newman Press. Knight, J., & Wesley, J. (1773). An Extract of Two Discourses on the Conflagration and Renovation of the World: William Pine. Koester, C. R. (2001). Revelation and the End of All Things: W.B. Eerdmans. Lacunza, M., & Irving, E. (1827). The Coming of Messiah in Glory and Majesty: L. B. Seeley. Lacunza, M., & Smart, W. D. (1929). A New Antichrist: Extracts from The Coming of the Messiah in Glory and Majesty: William D. Smart. Ladd, G. (1952). The Kingdom of God In the Jewish Apocryphal Literature. Bibliotheca Sacra, 109, 164-174. Ladd, G. E. (1949). The Eschatology of the Didache: A Dissertation: Harvard University. Ladd, G. E. (1952). Crucial questions about the kingdom of God: the sixth annual mid- year lectures of 1952 delivered at Western Conservative Baptist Theological Seminary of Portland, Oregon: W. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. Ladd, G. E. (1958). The place of apocalyptic in Biblical religion. Ladd, G. E. (1959). The gospel of the kingdom: scriptural studies in the kingdom of God: Eerdmans. Ladd, G. E. (1961). Crucial questions about the kingdom: Michigan Eardman. Ladd, G. E. (1966). Jesus and the kingdom: the eschatology of Biblical realism: S.P.C.K. Ladd, G. E. (1972). A commentary on the Revelation of John: Eerdmans. Ladd, G. E. (1978). The last things: an eschatology for Laymen: Eerdmans. Ladd, G. E. (1990). The Blessed Hope: A Biblical Study of the Second Advent and the Rapture: Eerdmans. Ladd, G. E. (1996). The presence of the future: the eschatology of biblical realism: Eerdmans Pub. Co. Ladd, G. E., Hoyt, H. A., Boettner, L., Hoekema, A. A., & Clouse, R. G. (1977). The Meaning of the Millennium: Four Views: IVP Academic. Lancaster, P. (1722). A chronological essay, on the ninth chapter of the book of Daniel: or, An interpretation, of the prophecy of the seventy weeks. Landes, R. (2011). Heaven on Earth:The Varieties of the Millennial Experience: Oxford University Press, USA. Landes, R. A., & Works, B. R. (2000). Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements: Routledge. Lang, G. H. (1950). The histories and prophecies of Daniel: Kregel Publications. Lang, G. H. (1985). The Revelation of Jesus Christ: select studies: Conley & Schoettle Pub. Co.

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Lang, G. H. (1988). Anthony Norris Groves, saint and pioneer: a combined study of a man of God and the original principles and practices of the Brethren with applications to present conditions: Schoettle. Lang, G. H. (1988). Israel's national future: the testimony of the word of God: Schoettle Pub. Co. Lange, J. (1740). Gloria Christi et Christianismi apocalyptico-prophetica nec non antisociana et antiiudaica. Lange, J. P. (1876). A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Ezekil, Daniel: Nabu Press. Lange, J. P., & Schaff, P. (1874). The Revelation: Zondervan. Lawrence, J. (1800). A Description of the Work of Divine Grace on the Souls of Saved Sinners: In Its Origin, Progress, and Completion: in Ten Familiar Dialogues ... to which are Added, a Few Thoughts on the Millennium; Or, Latter Day's Glory of the True Christian Church: Biggs and Cottle, sold by the author. Lead, J. (1695). Offenbahrung der Offenbahrungen. Lead, J. (1696). Sechs Unschätzbare Durch Göttliche Offenbarung und Befehl ans Licht gebrachte Mystische Tractätlein. Lead, J. (1697). A Revelation of the Everlasting Gospel-message,: Which Shall Never Cease to be Preach'd Till the Hour of Christ's Eternal Judgment Shall Come : Whereby Will be Proclaim'd the Last-love Jubilee, in Order to the Restitution of the Whole Lapsed Creation, Whether Human Or Angelical, when by the Blood of the Everlasting Covenant All Prisoners Shall be Set Free: Printed and are to be sold by the booksellers of London and Westminster. Lead, J. (1698). Der Himmlische Bottschaffter eines Allgemeinen Friedens: oder Eine dritte Bottschafft an die Philadelphische Gemeinde: Wetstein. Lead, J. (1699). The Ascent to the Mount of Vision, where Many Things Were Shown, Concerning I. The First Resurrection; II. The State of Separated Souls, Etc. Lead, J. (1699). Der Aufgang zum Berge des Schauens: Worinnen manche Dinge gezeigt werden: als von I. der Ersten Auferstehung. II. vom Zustande der abgeschiedenen Seelen III. vom hohen Alter oder langen Leben der Erzvätter. IV. vom Reiche Christi (etc.). Lead, J. (1700). Die Glorie oder Herrligkeit Sarons: s.n. Lead, J. (1700). Ein geistlicher Alarm an des Lammes heilige Streiten: s.n. Lead, J. (1701). Ein Garten-Brunn Gewässert durch die Ströhme der göttlichen Lustbarkeit, und hervorgrünend in mannichfaltigem Unterschiede geistlicher Pflantzen, die durch den reinen Anhauch zu einem Paradiese Aufgeblasen, und nunmehro ihren anmuthig süssen Geschmack und starcken Geruch zur Seelen- Erquickung von sich geben: oder Ein rechtes Diarium und ausführlich Tag- Verzeichnus alles desjenigen, was sich mit dieser theuren Autorin, in Ihrem hohen Beruffe vom Jahre 1670 her zugetragen .... ¬Des Durch die Ströhme der Göttlichen Lustbarkeit gewässerten Garten-Brunnens Dritten und letzten Theils Zweyter Theil ... oder eine Geistliches Diarium ... vom Jahre 1678 bis zum Mittel des Jahrs 1686: Wetstein. Lead, J. (1703). Eine Lejch-Predig, od. der im Leben Christi überwundene u. ersäuffte Tod. Lead, J. (1816). The Wars of David and the Peaceable Reign of Solomon: Symbolizing the Times of Warfare and Refreshment of the Saints of the Most High God, to

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Whom a Priestly Kingdom is Shortly to be Given After the Order of Melch : Zedeck : Set Forth in Two Treatises: T. Wood. Lead, J. (1830). Divine Revelations and Prophecies: H. Wild, Rutland Street. Lead, J. (1997). Fountain of Gardens, 1700: Kessinger Publishing. Lead, J., & Bradford, J. (1696). A Message to the Philadelphian Society, Whithersoever Dispersed Over the Whole Earth: Together With, a Call to the Several Gathered Churches Among Protestants in this Nation of England: J. Bradford, at Jewen- Street, near Crowder's-Well. Lead, J., & David, M. s. C. o. (1699). 60 Propositions: : Printed and published at Israelite House of David, as reorganized by Mary Purnell. Lead, J., Fox, R. J., & Society, P. (1922). Early Dawn of the Great Prophetical Visitation to England: Being Extracts from the Works of Jane Lead, Prophetess, 1623-1704: Panacea Society. Lead, J., & Pordage, J. (1698). Theologia mystica: oder Geheime und verborgne göttliche Lehre von den ewigen Unsichtbarlichkeiten: Als vom Mundo& Globo Archetypo, das ist, vom rechtem Original Welt-Runde: H. Wettstein. Lead, J., & Sowle, T. (1695). The Wonders of God's Creation Manifested, in the Variety of Eight Vvorlds: Printed, and sold by T. Sowle, in White-Hart-Court, in Gracious-street. Lensch, C. K. (2010). Eschatology in the Book of Genesis. WRS Journal. LSPCJ. (1816). The Jewish Expositor, and Friend of Israel V1: London Society. LSPCJ. (1817). The Jewish Expositor, and Friend of Israel V2: London Society. LSPCJ. (1818). The Jewish Expositor, and Friend of Israel V3: London Society. LSPCJ. (1819). The Jewish Expositor, and Friend of Israel V4: London Society. LSPCJ. (1822). The Jewish Expositor, and Friend of Israel V7: London Society. Ludlum, A. (2009). Harmony of Prophecies. Ludlum, J. H. (1955). A New, Comprehensive Approach to the Gospels. Ludlum, J. H. J. (1999). Revelation. MacRae, A. A. (1977). The Gospel of Isaiah: Moody Press. MacRae, A. A. (1991). The Prophecies of Daniel: Christian Life Publishers. MacRae, A. A. (1995). Studies in Isaiah: Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute. MacRae, A. A. (2002). A Glorious Future: A Premillennialist Looks at the Millennial Kingdom of Christ and Examines Postmillennial and Amillennial Objections: Biblical Theological Seminary. Madden, S. (1829). The nature and time of the second advent of Messiah, 4 letters. Maitland, C. (1814). A Brief and Connected View of Prophecy: Being an Exposition of the Second, Seventh, and Eighth Chapters of the Prophecy of Daniel Together with the Sixteenth Chapter of Revelation : to which are Added, Some Observations Respecting the Period and Manner of the Restoration of the Jews: J. Hatchard. Maitland, C. (1846). The Church in the Catacombs: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. Maitland, C. (1849). Apostolic school of prophetical interpretation: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. Maitland, S. R. (1826). An enquiry into the grounds on which the prophetic period of Daniel and st. John has been supposed to consist of 1260 years.

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Maitland, S. R. (1829). A Second Enquiry Into the Grounds on Which the Prophetic Period of Daniel and St. John: BiblioLife. Maitland, S. R. (1830). An attempt to elucidate the prophecies concerning Antichrist. Maitland, S. R. (1830). Das künftige Schicksal Israel's: W. Logier. Maitland, S. R. (1830). The twelve hundred and sixty days, in reply to a review in the 'Morning watch'. Mather, I. (1669). The Mystery of Israel's Salvation Explained and Applied: Or, A Discourse Concerning the General Conversion of the Israelitish Nation, Wherein is Shewed (1) That the Twelve Tribes Shall be Saved, (2) When this is to be Expected: Allen. Mather, I. (1701). The Blessed Hope, and the Glorious Appearing of the Great God Our Saviour, Jesus Christ, Opened [and] Applyed: Boone. Mather, I. (1709). Dissertation Concerning the Future Conversion of the Jewish Nation, 1709: Kessinger Publishing. Mattison, J. (2005). The End-Time Time Line: James Mattison. Mauro, P. (1920). The Kingdom of Heaven: What is It? And When? And Where? : Hamilton Brothers. Mauro, P. (1934). "Of Things Which Soon Must Come to Pass." A Commentary on the Book of Revelation. An Enlarged Edition of the Patmos Visions: London; printed in U.S.A. Mauro, P. (1988). Gospel of the Kingdom: G A M Publications. Mauro, P. (2011). The Patmos Visions: A Study of the Apocalypse: Literary Licensing, LLC. McDearmid, A. (1980). Eschatology: A Study Guide: ICI University Press. McNeile, H. (1810). Popular lectures on the prophecies relative to the Jewish nation: J. Hatchard. McNeile, H. (1828). The Times of the Gentiles: J. Hatchard and Son. McNeile, H. (1840). Prospects of the Jews: or, A series of popular lectures on the prophecies relative to the Jewish nation: O. Rogers. McNeile, H. (1865). Sermons on the second advent of the lord Jesus Christ: Edward Howell. Mede, A. H. F. O. J., & Cooper, R. B. (1833). Commentary on the Revelation of St John: Or the Apocalypse: Kessinger Publishing. Mede, J. (1845). Mede's Apostasy of the latter times. With an introduction: W.H. Dalton. Mede, J. (2011). Paraleipomena Remaines on Some Passages in the Revelation: Whereunto are Added Severall Discourses Concerning the Holinesse of Churches / by Joseph Me: BiblioBazaar. Mede, J., & Cooper, R. B. (1833). A translation of Mede's Clavis apocalyptica, by R.B. Cooper. Mede, J., & More, R. (1643). The Key of the Revelation, Searched and Demonstrated Out of the Natural and Proper Characters of the Visions: With a Comment Thereupon, According to the Rule of the Same Key: R.B. Mede, J., & Twisse, W. (1644). The Apostasy of the Latter Times ...: Or, The Gentiles Theology of Daemons, I.e. Inferiour Divine Powers: Supposed to be Mediatours Between God and Man: L.N.

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Milavec, A. (2003). The Didache: Text, Translation, Analysis, and Commentary: Liturgical Press. Milton, J., & Sumner, C. R. (1825). A Treatise on Christian Doctrine: Compiled from the Holy Scriptures Alone: Printed at the Cambridge University Press by J. Smith ... for Charles Knight... [and 6 others]. Moo, D. J. (1996). The Case for the Posttribulation Rapture Position. Three Views on the Rapture, 169-212. Moore, R. D. (2004). The Kingdom Of Christ: The New Evangelical Perspective: Good News Pub. Moore, R. D., & Sagers, R. E. (2008). The Kingdom of God and the Church: A Baptist Reassessment. The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology, 12, 68-87. Moorehead, W. G. (1912). Millennial Dawn: A Counterfeit of Christianity: Austral Publishing. More, H. (1680). Apocalypsis Apocalypseos: Or the Revelation of St. John the Divine Unveiled : Containing a Brief But Perspicuous and Continued Exposition ... of the Whole Book of the Apocalypse: J.M. More, H. (1681). A Plain and Continued Exposition of the Several Prophecies Or Divine Visions of the Prophet Daniel: Which Have Or May Concern the People of God, Whether Jew Or Christian; Whereunto is Annexed a Threefold Appendage, Touching Three Main Points, the First Relating to Daniel, the Other Two to the Apocalypse. By Henry More: M[iles]. F[lesher]. More, H. (1966). Enthusiasmus triumphatus (1662): William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California. More, H. (2010). Paralipomena Prophetica Containing Several Supplements and Defences of Dr Henry More His Expositions of the Prophet Daniel and the Apocalypse, Whereby the Impregnable Firmness and Solidity of the Said Expositions Is Further Evidenced to the World (1685): BiblioBazaar. More, H. (2011). An Exposition of the Seven Epistles to the Seven Churches Together with a Brief Discourse of Idolatry, with Application to the Church of Rome / by Hen: BiblioBazaar. Mounce, R. H. (1979). What are we waiting for?: The book of Revelation : a layman's commentary and study guide: D.C. Cook Pub. Co. Mounce, R. H. (1998). The Book of Revelation: W.B. Eerdmans. Mounce, R. H. (2005). A Living Hope: A Commentary on 1 and 2 Peter: Wipf & Stock Pub. Newman, R. C. (1981). The Time of the Messiah: Interdisciplinary Biblical research. Newman, R. C. (1985). The Return of Christ: Interpreting Revelation by Its Allusions: Interdisciplinary Biblical research. Newman, R. C. (2000). Unfulfilled Prophecy: How Near Is The End? Ithaca College. Ithaca College. Newman, R. C. (2002). Course Notes for NT 590 Revelation. Biblical Theological Seminary. Hatfield, Pennsylvania. Retrieved from http://www.newmanlib.ibri.org/Documents/Abstracts.htm Newman, R. C. (2003). Course Notes for NT 760 Gospel of Matthew. Biblical Theological Seminary. Hatfield, Pennsylvania. Retrieved from http://www.newmanlib.ibri.org/Documents/Abstracts.htm

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Newman, R. C., Fawcett, C., & Mazellan, R. (2003). Kids' Questions about Church and the Future: Regular Baptist Press. Newman, R. C., & Seminary, E. T. (1995). Greco-Roman Symbolism in the Book of Revelation: Biblical Theological Seminary. Newport, K. G. C. (1997). Premillennialism in the Early Writings of Charles Wesley. Click on the bookmarks icon on the left of the PDF Reader for quick links to each article. Newton, B. W. (1846). A prophetic map of the world; intended to exhibit its general condition at the end of the age. Also some extr. on the same subject, from Thoughts on the Apocalypse. Newton, B. W. (1848). Aids to prophetic enquiry: Nisbet. Newton, B. W. (1853). Thoughts on the apocalypse: Houlston & Sons. Newton, B. W. (1859). Babylon, its revival and final desolation: being the second series of Aids to prophetic enquiry: Houlston & Wright. Newton, B. W. (1873). Prospects of the ten kingdoms of the Roman empire, considered; the 3rd ser. of Aids to prophetic enquiry. Newton, B. W., & Tregelles, S. P. (1857). Lecture on the prophecy of the Lord Jesus, as contained in Matthew XXIV. XXV., with notes and appendix: Houlston & Stoneman. Newton, I. (1728). The chronology and ancient Kingdoms amended: Printed for J. Tonson. Newton, I. (1733). Observations upon the prophecies of Daniel, and the apocalypse of St. John. Newton, T. (1766). Dissertations on the prophecies, which have remarkably been fulfilled, and at this time are fulfilling in the world. Newton, T. (1845). A new edition of the Analysis of the Revelation [from Dissertations on the prophecies]. Without the notes. Osborne, G. R. (2002). Revelation (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament): Baker Publishing Group. Osborne, G. R., M. Robert Mulholland, J., & Comfort, P. W. (2011). James, 1 & 2 Peter, Jude, Revelation: Tyndale House Pub. Palmer, W. (1858). Plain papers on the millennium. Patterson, A. (1896). The greater life and work of Christ: as revealed in Scripture, man, and nature: Fleming H. Revell. Patterson, D. L. (2000). It was the worst of times, then the best of times: arguments for historic premillennialism. Paulus, H. E. G. (1795). Commentationes theologicae potissimum historiam Cerinthi ... atque finem Iohanneorum in N.T. libellorum illustrature [sic]. Accedit oratiuncula de notione orthodoxiae. Pawson, D. (2003). When Jesus Returns: Hodder & Stoughton. Payne, J. B. (2011). The Imminent Appearing of Christ: Literary Licensing, LLC. Pember, G. H. (1885). The great prophecies concerning the Gentiles, the Jews and the church of God: Hodder and Stoughton. Peters, G. N. H. (1884). The theocratic kingdom of Our Lord Jesus: the Christ, as covenanted in the Old Testament, and presented in the New Testament: Funk & Wagnalls.

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Petersen, J. W. (1692). Eine öffentliche Stimme Gegen Das Urtheil eines Licht- scheuenden, Damit er das gesegnete Reich Christi, so in der H. Offenbahrung am XX. Verheissen ist und worauff alle Kinder des Reichs im Geiste warten, in einer Läster-Schrifft(mit dem Titel: Copia eines Sendschreibens vom Chiliasmo.) unverantwortlicher Weise verurtheilet hat, aus der Freudigkeit des Glaubens erhoben. Petersen, J. W. (1692). Schriftmässige Erklärung und Beweis der Tausend Jahre. Petersen, J. W. (1693). Bekenntnüß Von dem Zukünfftigen herrlichen Reiche Jesu Christi Und Der damit verbundenen Ersten Aufferstehung: Zum Unterricht Aus Den unmittelbahren Worten der heiligen Schrifft und nach dem Zeugnüß der Warheit In Frag und Antwort gestellet. Petersen, J. W. (1696). Die Wichtigkeit der Verkündigung des Reiches Christi. Petersen, J. W. (1696). In nomine Jesu!: Nubes testium veritatis de regno Christi glorioso, in septima tuba futuro testantium : Libri tres. Petersen, J. W. (1696). Nvbes testivm veritatis de regno Christi glorioso, in septima tuba futuro testantiu: Libri tres: Impensis J.D. Zunneri. Petersen, J. W. (1697). Die Harmonie der Gesichter der Heiligen Offenbahrung in göttlicher Gewiszheit gezeiget: in Verlegung Johann David Zunner. Petersen, J. W. (1697). Die Harmonie der Gesichter der Heiligen Offenbahrung: in göttlicher Gewißheit: Zunner. Petersen, J. W. (1698). seu Regnum Christi defensum contra Dn. Johannem Georgium Neumannum,... autore Johanne Wilhelmo Petersen: impensis J. D. Zunneri. Petersen, J. W. (1700). Mystērion Apokatastaseōs Pantōn, Das ist: Das Geheimniß Der Wiederbringung aller Dinge: Darinnen in einer Unterredung zwischen Philaletham und Agathophilum gelehret wird, wie das Böse und die Sünde, Die keine Ewige Wurtzel hat, sondern in der Zeit geuhrständet ist, wiederum gäntzlich solle auffgehoben, und vernichtet; Hergegen die Creaturen Gottes ... krafft des ewigen Rath-Schlusses Gottes, durch Jesum Christum, Den Wiederbringer aller Dinge ... sollen befreyet und errettet werden, auff daß da bleibe Das Gute, Und Gott sey Alles in Allen: Brede. Petersen, J. W. (1703). Mystērion Apokatastaseōs Pantōn, Oder Das Geheimniß Der Wiederbringung aller Dinge, Durch Jesum Christum: Worinnen auf verschiedene Schrifften, und Einwürffe gründlich und bescheidentlich geantwortet, und, was etwa im ersten Tomo undeutlich seyn mögte, erläutert wird: Author. Petersen, J. W. (1708). Das Geheimniß des in der letzten Zeit gebährenden apocalyptischen Weibes, mit welchen eine neue Kirchenzeit angehet: Heyl. Petersen, J. W. (1713). Das Geheimniß der Rechtfertigung. Petersen, J. W. (1715). Die schon für Gott geschehene Wiederbringung aller Dinge. Petersen, J. W. (1715). Trifolium infaustum, Chiliasmi, Deismi et Apocatastatismi Atheismo non inimicum ... ex scripto nuper edito sub titulo Der sich selbst offenbahrende und rechtfertigende Gott [by J.W. Petersen] contemplandum sistit J.C.F., etc. Præs. M. Chladenio. Petersen, J. W. (1716). Der bekräfftigte Origenes in der Lehre von der Wiederbringung aller Dinge, gegen den sogenannten entkräffteten Origenem. Petersen, J. W. (1718). Zeugniß der Warheit von der Wiederbringung aller Dinge, wieder einen Retrolapsarianern: Zu finden bey Wolffgang Christoph Multzen.

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Petersen, J. W. (1719). Die gerührte Harffe Gottes üb. die heilige Apocalypsin, darauf die Harmonie der gantzen Offenbarung nach dem Sinn des Geistes, in 100 Psalmen. Petersen, J. W. (1719). Lebens-Beschreibung Johannis Wilhelmi Petersen, Der Heiligen Schrifft Doctoris, vormahls Professoris zu Rostock, nachgehends Predigers in Hanover an St. Egidii Kirche, darnach des Bischoffs in Lübeck Superintendentis und Hoff-Predigers endlich Superintendentis in Lüneburg. Petersen, J. W. (1720). Der Sinn des Geistes in dem Proph. Daniel, durch den Geist der Weissagung erklähret. Petersen, J. W., Publications, R., & Collecti, U. L. J. (2012). Die Hochzeit Des Lammes Und Der Braut: Bey Der Herannahenden Zukunfft Jesu Christi: Nabu Press. Peterson, J. W. (1851). Die gerührte Harfe Gottes über die heilige Apocalypsin: darauf die Harmonie der ganzen Heiligen Offenbarung Jesu Christi : nach dem Sinn des Geistes und der Ordnung der Zeiten und der Dinge in den Zeiten : in hundert Psalmen gehört wird: s.l. Phillips, P. G., & Eckelmann, H. J. (2007). When is the Resurrection of the Just? Research Reports: Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute. Pirie, A. (1795). The French Revolution Exhibited, in the Light of the Sacred Oracles: Or, A Series of Lectures on the Prophecies Now Fulfilling: R. Morison, jr. Poetovio, V. o. (260). Commentary on the Apocalypse of the Blessed John: Kessinger Publishing. Potter, F. (1677). Interpretatio numeri 666: Acc. Franc. Broccardi class. contra Papam. Potter, R. (1824). Millennium: Brown & Danforth, Printers. Priest, J. (1828). A view of the expected Christian millennium: which is promised in the Holy Scriptures, and is believed to be nigh its commencement, and must transpire before the conflagration of the heavens and the earth; embellished with a chart, of the dispensations from Abraham to the end of time: Published for subscribers, Loomis' press. Pym, W. W. (1829). Thoughts on Millenarianism. Pym, W. W. (1841). A word of warning in the last days. Pym, W. W. (1842). What will this babbler say? Pym, W. W. (1843). The restitution of all things: James Nisbet and Co. Pym, W. W., Dallas, A. R. C., McCaul, A., Dibdin, R. W., Bickersteth, E., Cadman, W., . . . Villiers, H. M. (1847). Good things to come: Being lectures delivered during Lent, 1847, at St. George's, Bloomsbury: James Nisbet and Company, ... Hatchard & Son, ... Seeley, Burnside, and Seeley, ... and Hamilton, Adams, & Company. Rannew, T. (1688). In this Book is the Figure of the Dividing the Land of Israel Among the Tribes of Israel, (that Is, Among Those that Have the Faith of Israel) when Their Captivity is Returned ... And All Or Most of the Signs of Christ's Coming Explained in Verse; with Other Mysteries. Reese, A. (1937). The Approaching Advent of Christ: Grand Rapids International Publications. Reiter, D. L. (1975). Historicism and futurism in historic Premillennialism, 1878-1975. Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. Roach, R. (1727). The Great Crisis: Or, The Mystery of the Times and Seasons Unfolded, with Relation to the Late Disorder and Confusion of the Seasons of the Year and

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