DOCSLIB.ORG

Countermeasures for Large-Scale Landslide Dams Caused by Typhoon No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Countermeasures for Large-Scale Landslide Dams Caused by Typhoon No Countermeasures for large-scale landslide dams caused by Typhoon No. 12 in September 2011 1,* 1 Wataru SAKURAI and Ryo SAKAI 1 Kii Mountain District Sabo Office, Kinki Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism (1681 Sanzaicho, Gojoshi, Nara, 637-0002) *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] The record-breaking heavy rains caused by Typhoon No. 12 in September 2011 caused deep seated landslides that blocked drainages at 17 points in Nara and Wakayama Prefectures. At five of these locations, the damage was so severe that the landslide dam reached 100 meters in height, and erosion-control countermeasures are currently being undertaken by the Kii Mountain District Sabo Office under the direct control of the Japanese Government. At present, all emergency work, including the installation of temporary overflow channels, has been completed so that construction of the sabo dams and other works can be implemented. However, these countermeasures are an attempt to remedy unprecedented large-scale landslide dams. Moreover, ongoing rainfall triggered by typhoons has caused numerous difficulties with construction. This paper reports on progress and policies regarding the abovementioned countermeasures. Key words: landslide dam, countermeasures plan, Sabo facilities 1. Introduction The following reports the progress in working out the measures. A great number of large-scale debris disasters such as deep-seated landslides were caused by the heavy rainfall triggered by Typhoon No. 12 mainly in Nara and Wakayama Prefectures of Kii Peninsula in September, with the result that these places were seriously damaged. Landslide dam occurred at 17 positions. In five of these points where the damage was particularly serious, countermeasures are Akadani in Nagatono in currently being taken by the Kii Mountain District Nara Prefecture Nara Prefecture Sabo Office under the direct control of the Government (Fig. 1). At present, the emergency work of installing temporary overflow channel for ensuring provisional safety has been terminated. Full-scale measures such as construction and improvement of the sabo dam and overflow channel are currently being taken. For the study of the full-scale measures against the unprecedented large-scale Kuridaira in landslide dam, "Study Committee for Measures Nara Prefecture against Landslide Dam " (headed by Prof. Takahisa MIZUYAMA of the Postgraduate course, Graduate Kitamata in Iya in Wakayama School of Kyoto University) was established. The Nara Prefecture Prefecture policy of the countermeasures was worked out under the guidance and instruction of this Committee. Fig.1 Scope of study area 394 2. Implementation of emergency work fabric-based formwork for filling with ready-mixed concrete if the latter could be delivered to the site Emergency work began on countermeasures at (Photo 4). Almost all measures were completed by five locations: Akadani Area, Gojo City, Nara mid-June 2012. At present, the emergency work has Prefecture (Photo 1) and Iya Area, Tanabe City, been supplanted by the implementation of full-scale Wakayama Prefecture on September 16; Kitamata countermeasures for building sabo dams and Area, Nosegawa Village, Nara Prefecture on overflow channels. September 30; and the Nagatono (Photo 2) and Kuridaira Areas (Photo 3), Totsukawa Village, Nara 3. Status of damages at the relevant positions Prefecture on October 8, 2011. during the period of deluge The aim of the emergency work was to build temporary overflow channels to accommodate any On June 19 and September 30, 2012, the flood on the level of 2-year probability of emergency overflow channels in each area were exceedance before the rainy season in the following subjected to the disaster brought about by Typhoon year so as to prevent damage by overtopping and No. 4 and 17, respectively. The following addresses resulting erosion of the landslide dams. With the in particular Akadani and Kuridaira Areas, which intent to complete the work by the time of the next suffered heavy damage. In Akadani area, the upper year’s deluge, the structure of the temporary portion of a deep-seated landslide that had occurred overflow channels in each area was designed with in September 2011 adjacent to the temporary consideration given to restrictions in the material overflow channel was remobilized by the rainfall of locally available and delivery of equipment and Typhoon No. 4 on June 19, 2012. This storm material to the site. The latter included a mat for generated continuous precipitation of 127.5 mm and loading local boulders in a cage, soil cement to be a maximum of 17.5 mm/h, according to the Akadani formed by a mixture of debris and cement, and area rain gauge for of the Ministry of Land, Photo 1 Akadani Landslide Dam Photo 3 Kuridaira Landslide Dam Cage mat Fabric-made formwork (Nagaｔono) (Nagaｔono) Complete view of overflow canal Soil cement sprayed with mortar (Kuridaira) (Kuridaira) Photo 2 Nagatono Landslide Dam Photo 4 Type and shape of temporary overflow 395 Photo 4 Type and shape of temporary overflow Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. 2013, a large-scale slide again occurred. On this Approximately 100,000 m3 of debris flowed into the occasion, the culvert again proved effective, and the temporary overflow channel, resulting in the water level of the flood reservoir did not increase. deposition of debris over the entire area of the Kuridaira Area suffered the greatest damage of all channel, whose construction had almost been the sites where measures were taken, with a completed (Photo 5). landslide dam about 100 m high. In this area, the This was followed by continuing debris rainfall from Typhoon No. 17 on September 30, flows issuing from the collapsed slope. At present, a 2012, caused large-scale erosion of the huge huge deposit of debris blankets the temporary landslide dam. overflow channel. This exemplifies the likelihood of This storm generated continuous precipitation of disaster if facilities with an open water channel are 231.5 mm and a maximum of 54 mm/h, according built as countermeasures immediately below an to the Kuridaira Area rain gauge of the Ministry of unstable slope; the maintenance of such facilities Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. will be made difficult by the inflow and deposition Two-thirds of the temporary overflow channel with of debris. Meanwhile, water is discharged from the an overall length of 576 m was discharged (Photo 7 flood reservoir through an underground culvert and Fig. 2). The analysis of images from the below the temporary overflow channel bottom. closed-circuit television installed at the site suggests There has been no increase in the water level of the that scouring overwhelmed the temporary overflow flood reservoir. This suggests that the installation of channel due to running water with a head of 94 m, a culvert may be effective for a landslide dam and this spread over the entire landslide dam adjacent to an unstable slope when countermeasures [SAKURAI et. al.,2014 (2)]. The terminus of the are taken (Photo 6) [SAKURAI et. al.,2014(1)]. temporary overflow channel had been subjected to Furthermore, after Typhoon No. 18 in September scouring by the running water during Typhoon Before damage by Typhoon No. 4 (May 31, 2012) Scope of repair after Typhoon No. 4 Remaining temporary overflow channel work After damage by Typhoon No. 4 (June 22, 2012) Temporary L=185m drainage Head of channel temporary work overflow L=576m channel work Erosion of H=94m landslide dam Photo taken on July 30, 2012 Photo taken on October 2, 2012 Photo 7 Comparison of temporary overflow channel before ← Debris deposit and after Typhoon No. 17 of September 2012 Volume of deposited Volume of deposited Volume of erosion debris：17,000ｍ3 debris：296,000ｍ3 debris：305,000ｍ3 Scope of deposition Scope of deposition Photo 5 Debris deposit in the temporary overflow channel Crown of Flood in downstream river immediately below Scope of erosion landslide dam reservoir of Akadani area channel eroded area 270m 185m 870m 320m Transverse line Deposit width:100m Erosion width:120m Culvert drain pipe m Scope of deposition on Scope of deposition Crown of 650 downstream river immediately below Scope of erosion landslide dam 600 channel eroded area 270m 185m 870m 320m 550 Deposit gradient:：2.3° Deposit gradient ：11.8° 500 Maximum erosion depth ：37m 450 Maximum deposit depth ：24m 400 <Legend> 350 100m Before damage (measured on June 23, 2012) After damage (measured on October 5, 2012) 300 Photo 6 Discharge from the culvert drain pipe Fig. 2 Erosion of Kuridaira landslide dam 396 No. 4 on June 20, which may have weakened the and suitable facilities installed. structure. The riverbed 65 m downstream of the terminus was reinforced by a net filled with 2 t of 4.2.2 Scale of the project concrete blocks and cobblestones (Photo 7). The scale of the countermeasures project However, shortly after the start of flood overflow assumes a flow rate resulting from rainfall on the from the reservoir, the greater part of the temporary level of 100-year probability of exceedance. The overflow channel was discharged, even though the facilities to be built as countermeasures against this channel bottom had been reinforced with soil flow rate include overflow channels and sabo dams. cement to a maximum thickness of 4.6 m. This resulted in large-scale erosion of the landslide dam. 4.2.3 Policy for installation of facilities This example in Kuridaira Area shows that when an The basic policy for the countermeasures overflow channel is installed in a landslide dam with is to minimize the overflow elevation of the flood a great difference in hydrostatic head, it is important reservoir and to backfill the flood reservoir with to build a sabo dam at the terminus of the overflow excavated debris without sacrificing the stability of channel simultaneously with the overflow channel adjacent collapsed sites or soil deposition areas.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UNIVERSITY of HAWAII LIBRARY. NARRATIVES OF
    ,UNIVERSITY Of HAWAII LIBRARY. NARRATIVES OF SPACE AND PLACE IN THREE WORKS BY NAKAGAMI KENJI A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES (JAPANESE) AUGUST 2005 By Joshua Petitto Thesis Committee: Nobuko Ochner, Chairperson Lucy Lower Arthur Thornhill © Copyright 2005 by Joshua Petitto 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.1 Nakagami's Style , 1 1.2 Literature Review 3 1.3 Summary ofthe Chapters ,. '" 8 1.4 Misaki, "Garyl1san," and "Wara no ie"............................................. 9 Chapter 2 - Down the Ever-Winding Narrative Path 2.1 Introduction........................................................................... 11 2.2 The Problem ofNarrative 11 2.3 Taking on the "Pig ofNarrative". 17 2.5 Conclusion: Monogatari and Genealogy....................................... 20 Chapter 3 - The Ambivalence ofNakagami's Space 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Conceptualizing Space 23 3.1.2 The Space ofthe Roji 28 3.2 A History ofKumano 30 3.3 The Ambivalence ofNakagami's Space 3.3.1 Attempted Assertion over Space through Ritual.................. 35 3.3.2 The Dominance ofSpace............................................... 42 3.3.3 Gendered Space and Origin............................................ 44 3.3.4 Reconstructing Space................................................... 47 3.4 Conclusion: The Same Struggle by Another Name............................. 49 Chapter 4 - The Place ofMemory 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Space and Place 51 4.1.2 The Recovery ofOrigin..................................... .. 54 4.2 Narratives ofPlace in Misaki, "Garyl1san," and "Wara no ie" 4.2.1 The Brother and Father in Misaki 58 4.2.2 Garyl1 Mountain and Toshihisa 66 4.2.3 The Rediscovery ofDifference in "Wara no ie" 75 4.3 Conclusion: Place, Narrative, and Rememory 80 Chapter 5 - Coming Full Circle: Space, Narrative, and the Next Roji 5.1 Introduction 84 5.2 The Emperor System and Capital................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Manuscript Preparation for the English Journal of the Japan Society Of
    Challenge to post-disaster recovery and reconstruction from sediment generated by the Great Floods on Kii peninsula Yasufumi KAMATSUKA1,*, Ryozo MATSUI1 and Takeshi HIGASHI1 1 General Affairs Division, Totsukawa Village (225-1 Ohara, Totsukawa-mura Yoshino-gun, Nara, 637-1333, Japan) *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] The Great Floods on Kii Peninsula, brought by Typhoon Talas in 2011, caused great damage throughout southern Nara Prefecture, including Totsukawa Village, through deep-seated landslides. As many as 30 of the 54 deep-seated land- slides that occurred during this disaster were located in Totsukawa Village, where 15 persons were killed or injured, and 62 residences were destroyed. The damage was so severe that Totsukawa Village was designated as a Warning Zone through the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act as a result of river-course blockages caused by these deep-seated land- slides. This paper reports the characteristics of this large-scale, sediment-related disaster, and measures taken for future disas- ter risk reduction (DRR) and disaster risk management (DRM). Key words: large-scale sediment disasters, Disaster Imagination Game (DIG), disaster risk management 1. INTRODUCTION Totsukawa river National road Totsukawa Village is located in southern Nara Prefecture, almost in the center of Kii Peninsula, with a population of 3,761. It has an area of 672.35 km2, which makes it the largest village in Japan -- nearly as big as Lake Biwa in Shiga Prefecture or as big as Awaji Island (Fig. 1 and Fig.2). Kumano River flows through the village between steep mountains of 1,000 m class, 96 % of which are covered by forest.
    [Show full text]
  • By Municipality) (As of March 31, 2020)
    The fiber optic broadband service coverage rate in Japan as of March 2020 (by municipality) (As of March 31, 2020) Municipal Coverage rate of fiber optic Prefecture Municipality broadband service code for households (%) 11011 Hokkaido Chuo Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11029 Hokkaido Kita Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11037 Hokkaido Higashi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11045 Hokkaido Shiraishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11053 Hokkaido Toyohira Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11061 Hokkaido Minami Ward, Sapporo City 99.94 11070 Hokkaido Nishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11088 Hokkaido Atsubetsu Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11096 Hokkaido Teine Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11100 Hokkaido Kiyota Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 12025 Hokkaido Hakodate City 99.62 12033 Hokkaido Otaru City 100.00 12041 Hokkaido Asahikawa City 99.96 12050 Hokkaido Muroran City 100.00 12068 Hokkaido Kushiro City 99.31 12076 Hokkaido Obihiro City 99.47 12084 Hokkaido Kitami City 98.84 12092 Hokkaido Yubari City 90.24 12106 Hokkaido Iwamizawa City 93.24 12114 Hokkaido Abashiri City 97.29 12122 Hokkaido Rumoi City 97.57 12131 Hokkaido Tomakomai City 100.00 12149 Hokkaido Wakkanai City 99.99 12157 Hokkaido Bibai City 97.86 12165 Hokkaido Ashibetsu City 91.41 12173 Hokkaido Ebetsu City 100.00 12181 Hokkaido Akabira City 97.97 12190 Hokkaido Monbetsu City 94.60 12203 Hokkaido Shibetsu City 90.22 12211 Hokkaido Nayoro City 95.76 12220 Hokkaido Mikasa City 97.08 12238 Hokkaido Nemuro City 100.00 12246 Hokkaido Chitose City 99.32 12254 Hokkaido Takikawa City 100.00 12262 Hokkaido Sunagawa City 99.13
    [Show full text]
  • A World of Myth
    47 Prefectures from A to Y NARA a b c d e f G h i j k l NaRA M A World of Myth Totsukawa Village n SELENA HOY got around by yaen — human- a pilgrimage road dating powered rope gondolas strung more than a thousand years o HE road to Nara precariously over rivers. back. This stone-paved Prefecture’s At Totsukawa’s Hatenashi path is part of a network p Totsukawa Village Settlement, the majestic stretching over seventy q winds through a view and the region’s storied kilometers from the sacred Tdeep green cleft in the earth, past come together. The Buddhist site of Mount Koya r with hairpin turns. Totsukawa settlement, population in Wakayama Prefecture, Village, the biggest village in around twenty, sits in the through Totsukawa Village, s Japan, takes up more than a middle of a mountain with and back to Wakayama at t fifth of Nara Prefecture, and stunning vistas all around. In Shinto’s Hongu Taisha. At yet has a population of only fact, the name “Hatenashi” Hatenashi, the journeyer can u about 3,700 people. The area is means “neverending,” and stand, armed with a sturdy remote — there are no trains, indeed the eye is drawn walking stick, and take in v only buses. It is so large that over the pocket rice fields the views that other pilgrims w the climate varies considerably to crown after crown of have admired for over a from its north end to its south. mountain, receding into the millennium. x In this 96 percent mountainous misty distance.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Appendix)
    Title A systematic study of the grashopper tribe Podismini in Japan (Orthoptera:Acrididae) Author(s) Ito, Gen Insecta matsumurana. New series : journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University, series entomology, 71, 1- Citation 119 Issue Date 2015-11 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/60241 Type bulletin (article) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Appendix-1.pdf (Online Appendix) Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Appendix. List of podismini specimens used in the taxonomic study with their locality data. Locality name is the name when each specimen was collected, and "n" in the column of Number means nymph. "*" in the column of Collector means collected by me. Number Prefecture Locality Country Depository and/or or County Date Collector ♂ ♀ or District remarks Prumna fauriei Hokkaidô Hokkaidô ? 1886 Dr. Bonnet 1 MNCN Holotype Kitahiyama-Town Mt. Yûrappu 17, viii, 1995 * 4 4 SEHU Honshû Aomori Mts. Minami-Hakkôda 22, vi, 1998 M. Ôhara 1n 1n SEHU Hirosaki-City Mt. Iwaki 3, x, 1992 M. Ôhara 2 6 SEHU Iwate Mt. Hayachine (1200m ELEU (Holotype alt.) 6, viii, 1977 M. Inoue 1 - of P. hayachinensis) Mt. Kurikoma em. 6, viii, 1964 R. Igarashi 1 1 NIAES Akita Hachimantai peak 19, viii, 1970 R. Igarashi 1 1 NIAES Yashima-Town Mt. Chôkai 5, ix, 1997 * 1 6 SEHU Zubovskya koeppeni parvula Hokkaidô Hokkaidô Furano-City Mt. Ashibetsu 28, viii, 1997 * 7 8 SEHU Shari-Town Shiretoko-Tôge 24, viii, 1998 * 4 - SEHU Mashike-Town Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Distribution of the Vandenboschia Radicans Complex (Hymenophyllaceae) in Japan
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 35(2), pp. 71–89, June 22, 2009 Notes on the Distribution of the Vandenboschia radicans Complex (Hymenophyllaceae) in Japan Atsushi Ebihara Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, 305–0005 Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The distribution of eight species and four hybrids included in the Vandenboschia radi- cans complex within Japan is reviewed. Distribution maps for each taxon are provided based on herbarium specimens, which are listed in order of municipality code. Key words:Distribution, Hymenophyllaceae, Japan, Vandenboschia. Introduction were embedded in V. ϫstenosiphon and V. ϫ Vandenboschia subgen. Vandenboschia (Hy- quelpaertensis, respectively because it is diffi- menophyllaceae) distributed in world temperate/ cult to discriminate amphidiploids from sterile subtropical regions encompasses a number of hybrids sharing the same genome combinations morphologically ill-defined species, and they are (but different genome dosage). As shown in the tentatively lumped under a species complex discriminant analysis (Ebihara et al., 2009), some named “Vandenboschia radicans complex”. As of the redefined taxa morphologically overlap for Japanese members of the complex, Ebihara with each other. Therefore, descriptions and keys et al. (2005a) clarified their biological entities by do not always provide sufficient information for DNA/ploidy analyses, and Ebihara et al. (2009) their identification. Digital images of examined reexamined their taxonomic properties. Since the specimens (only those deposited in TNS), to number of samples analyzed in these studies is compensate the difficulty, are accessible via on- still limited, it is necessary to examine as many line database (http://www.vspecimens.net/).
    [Show full text]
  • Totsukawa Village
    Na no Ra Totsukawa Village Issue Twelve The mental and spiritual regeneration of the countryside Totsukawa hotspring, ‘Hotel Subaru’ This hotel is celebrating its thirtieth anniversary since its opening, the ancient Chinese philosopher, Confucius once said that at thirty “I took my stand.” The origin of the name of the hotel: Rather than being a time honoured phrase, the name, ‘Subaru’ is used by the locals to mean a range of bountiful mountain peaks. This hotel was created with that row of mountains in mind. A note on the characteristics of the hotel’s hot spring: ☆ One of the hot springs from Totsukawa’s hot spring area, ‘Subaru’ hot springs is proclaimed as the first hot spring in Japan to have water flowing directly from the hot spring source, as well as boasting a genuine and high quality hot spring. (The water is 100% flowing directly from the source meaning it is not a heated, hydrologic cycle.) There is the free flowing spring and non-heated, hydrologic cycle spring. Hotel ‘Subaru’s manager, Mr. Miura and the author (In front of the hotel’s entrance) ☆ This hot spring is a sodium hydrogen carbonate spring meaning it’s Please enjoy an authentic and wonderful hot spring. particularly effective for those with stiff shoulders or sore necks. ☆ The open air bath is accompanied with an area for lying down, so An interview with the Assistant Manager in the Totsukawa Village Town Hall, Industry Division (Tourism Group), Mr. Numahira while lying down in the hot spring you can gaze at the stars. ☆ In the past five years the number of foreign tourists has sextupled.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of the Thelypteris Japonica Complex (Thelypteridaceae) in Japan
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 39(2), pp. 61–85, May 22, 2013 Distribution of the Thelypteris japonica Complex (Thelypteridaceae) in Japan Atsushi Ebihara1,* and Narumi Nakato2 1 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan 2 Narahashi 1–363, Higashiyamato-shi, Tokyo 207–0031, Japan * E-mail: [email protected] (Received 12 February 2013; accepted 25 March 2013) Abstract The distribution of the four taxa, Thelypteris japonica forma japonica, T. japonica forma formosa, T. musashiensis and T. japonica×T. musashiensis, was reassessed by observation of spore morphology of 1984 herbarium specimens deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science. As a result of frequent changes of identification especially between T. japonica forma formosa and T. musashiensis, the range of each taxon has been drastically updated. The hybrid was recorded in 32 prefectures in total, including newly added 25 prefectures. Key words : distribution, hybrid, spore, Thelypteris. The Thelypteris japonica complex (Thelypteri- in terms of geographical coverage. The most reli- daceae) is common understory ferns ranging able distinguishing character for the species of throughout Japan except in the Ryukyu Islands. the complex is spore morphology as demon- Japanese members of the complex were recir- strated by Nakato et al. (2004) (Fig. 2), and cumscribed by Nakato et al. (2004) based on therefore sterile specimens and/or specimens cytological and morphological characters, and with only immature spores are difficult to iden- two species, one forma and one interspecific tify. hybrid are presently accepted (Fig. 1). Nakato et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Transnational Cinema • Marcos P
    Japanese Transnational Cinema Transnational Japanese • Marcos P. Centeno-Martín and P. • Marcos Morita Norimasa Japanese Transnational Cinema Edited by Marcos P. Centeno-Martín and Norimasa Morita Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Arts www.mdpi.com/journal/arts Japanese Transnational Cinema Japanese Transnational Cinema Special Issue Editors Marcos P. Centeno-Mart´ın Norimasa Morita MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editors Marcos P. Centeno-Mart´ın Norimasa Morita University of London Waseda University UK Japan Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Arts (ISSN 2076-0752) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/arts/special issues/Japanese Transnational Cinema). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-156-4 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-157-1 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Nikkatsu and Almudena Garc´ıa Navarro. c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Evidence Resolving the Confusion of Two Species of Spilopteron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Caused by Marked Geographical Colour Variation
    Eur. J. Entomol. 112(3): 543–556, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.068 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Molecular evidence resolving the confusion of two species of Spilopteron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) caused by marked geographical colour variation MASATO ITO 1, KYOHEI WATANABE 2 and KAORU MAETO 1 1 Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1–1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan; e-mails: [email protected] (MI); [email protected] (KM) 2 Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Iryuda 499, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Spilopteron, systematics, Japan, latitudinal gradient, mtCOI, nuclear 28S, parasitoid, thermal melanism Abstract. The delimitation of two ichneumonid species, Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura) and S. tosaense (Uchida), was investigated using DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes, as well as adult morphology. The two species have long been confused and were until recently speculated to be the same species with continuous colour variation. Our molecular and mor- phological studies reveal that there are two distinct species: a dark species confined to northern or high latitude localities (S. apicale) and a widely distributed species with a marked geographical gradient in body colour (S. tosaense) across the Japanese Archipelago. In the latter species, female body colour became significantly darker with latitude and altitude. A lectotype of Chorischizus apicalis Matsumura, 1912 is designated. INTRODUCTION cronatum Lee, 2008, and S. luteum (Uchida, 1930), have The classification of parasitoid wasps has long been been recorded (Kusigemati, 1981; Ito et al., 2012; Yu et al., based on morphological characteristics such as body pro- 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • OFFICIAL GAZETTE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU EDITION Ewr-F-*H-Fl=+A*~Zmmmwq
    OFFICIAL GAZETTE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU EDITION ewr-f-*h-fl=+a*~zmmmwQ No. 562 WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1948 Price 18.00 yen Article 2. The committee shall be composed of the INSTRUCTIONS following members : 1. Professors and experts of science (not more E.S.B. Instructions No. 7 than 15 ,in number) February 18, 1948 2. School teachers except professors (not more The matters related to conditions necessary for tEan 10 in number) approval of the Dealer Designation Business, by the 3. Government officials concerned (not more than Feedstuff Distribution Kodan: 7innumber) -. , President of Economic Stabilization Board Neither manufacturers nor dealers of instru- KATAYAMA Tetsu. ments for use in science education shall be members of the committee. Article 1. The person who is qualified to make an application for the designation of feedstuff dealer In case of special necessity the committee may- have temporary members. (hereinafter referred to as " an applicant for desig- Article 3. Members of the committee shall be ap- nated dealer ") shall be: v pointed or entrusted by the MinistryofEducation. A natural or juridical perspn who has no record Article 4. The committee shall have a Chariman and of conviction as a result of violation of price control a vice-chairman. or rationing laws or ordinances to whom purchase The Chairman and the vice-chairman shall be preengagement coupons are given by more than 10% of the consumers who reside in the city (special elected from among the members of the committee -ward or city in case of Tokyo Metropolitan), county by mutual vots. or island, in which his place of doing business is Article 5." The Chairman shall preside over affairs of the committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Nara Prefecture
    Coor din ates: 3 4 °3 4 ′N 1 3 5 °4 6 ′E Nara Prefecture 奈良県 Nara Prefecture ( Nara-ken) is a prefecture in Nara Prefecture the Kansai region of Japan.[2] The capital is the city of 奈良県 Nara.[3] Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage Listings than any other Prefecture [4] prefecture. Japanese transcription(s) • Japanese 奈良県 • Rōmaji Nara-ken Contents History Up to Nara Period Nara in the Heian period Medieval Nara Flag Symbol The Sengoku and Edo periods to present Geography Climate Cities Towns and villages Mergers Demographics Politics Economy Culture Dialect Food culture Traditional arts Museums Education Country Japan Universities Region Kansai Sports Island Honshu Tourism World Heritage sites Capital Nara (city) Transportation Government Railroad • Governor Shōgo Arai Bus from Nara and Tenri Area from Yamato Yagi and Gose • Total 3,691.09 km2 Road (1,425.14 sq mi) Expressways and toll roads Area rank 40th National highways Population (September 1, 2017) Notes • Total 1,348,930 References • Rank 29th External links • Density 365.46/km2 (946.5/sq mi) ISO 3166 JP-29 code Districts 7 History Municipalities 39 Nara Prefecture region is considered one of the oldest Flower Nara yae zakura regions in Japan, having been in existence for thousands (Prunus verecunda cultivar) of years. The current form of Nara Prefecture was Tree Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) officially created in 1887 when it became independent Bird Japanese robin (Erithacus akahige) of Osaka Prefecture. Fish Goldfish ( Carassius auratus [1] Historically, Nara Prefecture was also known as auratus ) Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis Y amato-no-kuni or Y amato Province.[5] altivelis)[1] Amago (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae)[1] Up to Nara Period Website www.pref.nara.jp/english (ht From the third century to the fourth century, a poorly tp://www.pref.nara.jp/englis documented political force existed at the foot of Mount h) Miwa, east of Nara Basin.
    [Show full text]