Bolitoglossa Paraensis

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T135735A4195091

Bolitoglossa paraensis

Assessment by: Selvino Neckel Oliveira, Marinus Hoogmoed

View on www.iucnredlist.org

Citation: Selvino Neckel Oliveira, Marinus Hoogmoed. 2010. Bolitoglossa paraensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T135735A4195091. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010- 2.RLTS.T135735A4195091.en

Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.

Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use.

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.

If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family

Animalia Chordata Amphibia Caudata Plethodontidae

Taxon Name: Bolitoglossa paraensis (Unterstein, 1930)

Synonym(s): • Bolitoglossa altamazonica • Bolitoglossa altamazonica

Taxonomic Notes: In the subgenus Eladinea and in the adspersa species group. Parra-Olea et al. (2004) removed Bolitoglossa paraensis from synonymy with Bolitoglossa altamazonica. M.S. Hoogmoed (pers. comm. 2008) indicates that B. paraensis is a complex of 3-4 species. The nominal species occurs between Belém and Bragança, with one outlying record in Amapá, all other records from Brazilian Amazônia would be other taxa. However, data on habitat, habits and threats of these taxa are included as separate notes under B. paraensis, but their distribution has not been mapped, the map only reflects the known distribution of B. paraensis. Work on the resolution of the taxonomy of this complex is underway. Assessment Information

Red List Category & Criteria: Data Deficient ver 3.1

Year Published: 2010

Date Assessed: October 14, 2008

Justification: Listed as Data Deficient since it has only recently been resurrected as a valid species, and there is still very little known about its extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, status and ecological requirements.

Previously Published Red List Assessments 2008 – Data Deficient (DD)

Geographic Range

Range Description: The type locality is "Sta. Isabel bei Para", Brazil. The species is distributed over the Amazon Basin of Brazil, according to Frost (2007). According to M.S. Hoogmoed (pers. comm. 2008) at least 3, possibly 4, species are distributed in Brazilian Amazônia and B. paraensis only occurs in eastern Pará State between Belém and Bragança, below 50 m above sea level, and in Amapá, in the Guianan Shield. All other records from Brazilian Amazônia concern other taxa. The species found in Acre may be Bolitoglossa altamazonica (S. Neckel Oliveira, pers. comm. 2008).

Country Occurrence:

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bolitoglossa paraensis – published in 2010. 3 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T135735A4195091.en Population This is considered to be a common species in the forest fragments in and around Belém do Pará. Taxa confounded with it appear to be rare in other localities (the region of Juruti, Pará, and states of Amapá and Amazonas: Urucu, Benjamin Constant and Juruá) (S. Neckel Oliveira, pers. comm. 2008). Current Population Trend: Unknown

Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) The species is known to occur in lowland Amazonian rainforests. It occurs primarily on bushes and tree trunks of the primary forest understory. Clutch size can vary between 8-15 eggs (S. Neckel Oliveira, pers. comm. 2008). Specimens of a related taxon in western Brazilian Amazonia were mostly found in leaf litter on the forest floor (M.S. Hoogmoed, pers. comm. 2008).

Systems: Terrestrial

Threats (see Appendix for additional information) Deforestation due to urban growth in the region of Belém and bauxite mining in the region of Juruti. Other localities are well preserved (S. Neckel Oliveira, pers. comm. 2008). The habitat of a related taxon in western Brazilian Amazonia is threatened (or already destroyed) by expanding agricultural activities (M.S. Hoogmoed, pers. comm. 2008).

Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) One population in Amapá is close to Tumucumaque National Park. Other populations are not close to protected areas (S. Neckel Oliveira, pers. comm. 2008). Credits

Assessor(s): Selvino Neckel Oliveira, Marinus Hoogmoed

Reviewer(s): Ariadne Angulo and Simon Stuart

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bolitoglossa paraensis – published in 2010. 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T135735A4195091.en Bibliography IUCN. 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2010.2). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 29 June 2010).

Lima, J.D. 2008. A herpetofauna do Parque Nacional do Montanhas do Tumucumaque, Amapá, Brasil, Expedições I a V. In: Bernard, E. (ed.), Inventários Biológicos Rápidos no Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, Amapá, Brasil. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 48. Conservation International, Arlington.

Parra-Olea, G., Garcia-Paris, M. and Wake, D.B. 2004. Molecular diversification of salamanders of the tropical American genus Bolitoglossa (Caudata: Plethodontidae) and its evolutionary and biogeographical implications. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society: 325-346.

Citation Selvino Neckel Oliveira, Marinus Hoogmoed. 2010. Bolitoglossa paraensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T135735A4195091. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010- 2.RLTS.T135735A4195091.en

Disclaimer To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.

External Resources For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.

Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Major Season Suitability Habitat Importance? 1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland - Suitable Yes

Threats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score 1. Residential & commercial development -> 1.1. Ongoing - - - Housing & urban areas Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual & Ongoing - - - perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.2. Small-holder farming Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation 3. Energy production & mining -> 3.2. Mining & Ongoing - - - quarrying Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation

Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Actions in Place In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management

Conservation sites identified: Yes, over entire range

Research Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Research Needed 1. Research -> 1.1. Taxonomy

1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends

1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology

3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends

Additional Data Fields

Distribution Lower elevation limit (m): 0

Upper elevation limit (m): 50

Population Population severely fragmented: No

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bolitoglossa paraensis – published in 2010. 7 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T135735A4195091.en The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T135735A4195091

The IUCN Red List Partnership

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™