DOCSLIB.ORG

LIBERALISATION of the ESTONIAN GAS MARKET a Report to Elering AS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LIBERALISATION of the ESTONIAN GAS MARKET a Report to Elering AS LIBERALISATION OF THE ESTONIAN GAS MARKET A report to Elering AS October 2011 T E ESTONIAN GAS MARKE LIBERALISATION OF TH LIBERALISATION OF THE ESTONIAN GAS MARKET Contact details Name Email Telephone Richard Sarsfield-Hall [email protected] +44 1865 812266 Annette Berkhahn [email protected] +46 8 5280 1215 John Williams [email protected] +44 1865 812262 Pöyry is a global consulting and engineering firm. Our in-depth expertise extends across the fields of energy, industry, urban & mobility and water & environment. Pöyry plc has 7000 experts operating in 50 countries and net sales of EUR 682 million (2010). The company’s shares are quoted on NASDAQ OMX Helsinki (Pöyry PLC: POY1V). Pöyry Management Consulting provides leading-edge consulting and advisory services covering the whole value chain in energy, forest and other process industries. Our energy practice is the leading provider of strategic, commercial, regulatory and policy advice to Europe's energy markets. Our energy team of 200 specialists, located across 14 European offices in 12 countries, offers unparalleled expertise in the rapidly changing energy sector. Copyright © 2011 Pöyry Management Consulting (UK) Ltd All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Pöyry Management Consulting (UK) Ltd (“Pöyry”). Important This document contains confidential and commercially sensitive information. Should any requests for disclosure of information contained in this document be received (whether pursuant to; the Freedom of Information Act 2000, the Freedom of Information Act 2003 (Ireland), the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (Northern Ireland), or otherwise), we request that we be notified in writing of the details of such request and that we be consulted and our comments taken into account before any action is taken. Disclaimer While Pöyry considers that the information and opinions given in this work are sound, all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when making use of it. Pöyry does not make any representation or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this report and assumes no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of such information. Pöyry will not assume any liability to anyone for any loss or damage arising out of the provision of this report. The report contains projections that are based on assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. Because of the subjective judgements and inherent uncertainties of projections, and because events frequently do not occur as expected, there can be no assurance that the projections contained herein will be realised and actual results may be different from projected results. Hence the projections supplied are not to be regarded as firm predictions of the future, but rather as illustrations of what might happen. Parties are advised to base their actions on an awareness of the range of such projections, and to note that the range necessarily broadens in the latter years of the projections. PÖYRY MANAGEMENT CONSULTING October 2011 573_Estonian_Liberalisation_v1_0.docx LIBERALISATION OF THE ESTONIAN GAS MARKET TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 13 1.1 The gas market chain 13 1.2 Structure of this report 14 1.3 Conventions 15 2. THE ESTONIAN ENERGY MARKET 17 2.1 Overview of Estonia 17 2.2 Overview of the East Baltic energy markets 17 2.3 Estonian energy markets 21 2.4 Estonian gas market 22 2.5 Gas security of supply 25 2.6 Estonian electricity market 30 2.7 Summary 33 3. GLOBAL AND EUROPEAN GAS MARKETS 35 3.1 Overview 35 3.2 Liquefied natural gas 36 3.3 Unconventional gas 39 3.4 EU conventional gas production 40 3.5 Gas imports to EU 41 3.6 Interconnection within Europe 44 3.7 Gas trading in the EU 45 3.8 The potential of gas in a low-carbon Europe 49 3.9 Summary 52 4. ESTONIAN LIBERALISATION OPTIONS 53 4.1 Liberalisation analysis 53 4.2 Estonian model for gas transmission unbundling 54 4.3 Potential of small scale LNG 57 4.4 Replacement of oil shale generation capacity 60 4.5 Summary 61 5. REGIONAL APPROACH 63 5.1 Baltic energy markets interconnection plan 63 5.2 Interconnectors 64 5.3 Baltic LNG terminal 69 5.4 Entry–Exit regulation 72 5.5 Financing/ownership model 72 5.6 Economic analysis of Baltic infrastructure projects 73 PÖYRY MANAGEMENT CONSULTING October 2011 573_Estonian_Liberalisation_v1_0.docx LIBERALISATION OF THE ESTONIAN GAS MARKET 5.7 Advantages of regional approach 75 5.8 Barriers to regional approach 76 5.9 Summary 78 6. IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS 79 6.1 Pipeline and LNG price projections 79 6.2 Key issues and stakeholders’ views 80 6.3 Implementation scenarios 83 6.4 Implementation recommendations 87 6.5 Next Steps 87 6.6 Key dates 88 ANNEX A – THE LIBERALISATION PROCESS 89 A.1 Market conditions 89 A.2 Benefits of liberalisation 93 A.3 Costs of liberalisation 95 A.4 Liberalisation in EU gas markets 96 ANNEX B – MARKET DESIGN 107 B.1 Market roles and stakeholders 107 B.2 Network access, capacity allocation and pricing 108 B.3 Transmission balancing 114 B.4 Consumption estimation, metering rules 117 B.5 Wholesale and retail gas markets 118 B.6 Customer switching process 121 B.7 Consumer price differentiation 123 ANNEX C – REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS 127 C.1 The role of a regulator 127 C.2 Tariff setting 129 C.3 Principles for valuing transmission assets 130 C.4 Best practice for consulting with stakeholders 132 C.5 Liberalisation checklist 133 ANNEX D – GLOSSARY 135 D.1 Conversion units 135 D.2 Names, definitions and acronyms 135 D.3 Exchange rates 139 ANNEX E – ABOUT PÖYRY 141 E.1 Corporate Structure, history and services 141 E.2 ILEX energy reports 142 E.3 Pöyry’s modelling capability 143 PÖYRY MANAGEMENT CONSULTING October 2011 573_Estonian_Liberalisation_v1_0.docx LIBERALISATION OF THE ESTONIAN GAS MARKET EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Estonian gas market Pöyry has been commissioned by Elering to assess the potential for gas market liberalisation in Estonia. This report presents the work that Pöyry has undertaken over a number of months since May 2011. In the course of this work we have interviewed a large number of industry stakeholders in order that we are able to understand the views of market participants and to develop a practical approach to liberalisation in Estonia. The Estonian gas market is, by international standards, small in terms of its annual consumption and peak day gas requirements. There is currently very little gas used in power generation in Estonia, although gas does have a reasonable share in CHP and district heating schemes. The Estonian gas transmission network is connected to Russia at Narva and Värska and to Latvia at Karksi. Even though connection at Narva has had periods out of operation due to its poor condition, and currently has limited availability, there is currently sufficient capacity in the transmission network to meet all annual and peak gas demands. The major player in the Estonian gas market is Eesti Gaas, which owns the transmission system assets, the majority of the distribution assets and is currently the sole wholesaler of gas. It is owned by Gazprom (37%), E.On (33.66%), Fortum (17.7%), Itera (9.9%) and various smaller shareholders. Eesti Gaas supplies gas to over 90% of the retail market. The sole importer of gas into Estonia is Gazprom. Flexibility is also provided to the Estonian gas market via the Incukalns underground storage facility in Latvia, which is currently contracted solely to Gazprom. In order to progress towards a liberalised market, Estonian legislation has led to the establishment of a separate system operator, EG Võrguteenus, in January 2006, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Eesti Gaas. Since July 2007, the Estonian gas market has been open to competition, with all end users, in theory, being able to choose their gas supplier. Despite these efforts, however, little or no competition has developed in the gas market. We consider that this has been due to a number of reasons: The overall size of the gas market is small and therefore not attractive to new entrants that would incur high start-up costs in relation to any possible benefits. There is no alternative to Russian gas supplies and therefore no gas-on-gas competition at the wholesale level. There is no surplus of gas available to the wholesale market to provide new entrants with competitive prices. End user prices have been relatively low, in comparison to other EU countries, and therefore there has been little incentive for end users to question the status quo. Competition in the electricity sector is not yet established at the retail level and this has meant that it is not possible for either the gas or electricity incumbents to offer dual fuel offers. In other markets this has led to at least the gas and electricity incumbents competing with each other. Retail customers have little choice of their gas supplier if they are tied into district heating schemes. Furthermore, the limits that are imposed on the use of a single fuel source in district heating schemes may incentivise a move away from gas and into biomass. PÖYRY MANAGEMENT CONSULTING October 2011 573_Estonian_Liberalisation_v1_0.docx 1 LIBERALISATION OF THE ESTONIAN GAS MARKET Currently, there is little gas fired power generation in Estonia, and a vibrant gas fired power sector is normally key to attracting new market entrants. This report addresses the issues detailed above and presents a number of conclusions and recommendations on the future development of the Estonian gas market.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GECF Annual Statistical Bulletin 2019 3Rd Edition
    1 2 GECF Annual Statistical Bulletin 2019 3rd edition Authors and Contributors Namely in Alphabetical Order Amira Remadna Data Analysis and Research Diana Cueto ICT and Software Support Katrien Hermans Public Relations and Marketing Maria Arteaga Graphic Design & Administrative Support Mohamed Arafat Data Engineering and Curation Mona Shokripour, PhD Data Modelling and Integration Rixio Morales, PhD ICT Solutions Architect and Maintenance Roberto Arenas Lara, PhD Team Leader 3 Disclaimer The GECF Annual Statistical Bulletin (ASB) 2019 is the result of the data gathering collection and processing obtained directly from GECF Member and Observer Countries through the GECF Data Exchange Mechanism and in part using processed data from secondary sources examined and analysed by GECF Secretariat. The data contained in the GECF ASB 2019 are for information purposes only and do not necessary reflect the views of GECF Member and Observer Countries. Neither GECF Secretariat nor any of GECF Member and Observer Countries nor any of their agents or their employees are liable for any errors in or omissions from such information and materials and does not assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or reasonableness of data. Unless copyrighted by a third party, the information presented in the GECF ASB 2019 may be used and/or reproduced for research educational and other non-commercial purposes without GECF Secretariat’s prior written permission provided, fully acknowledging GECF as the copyright holder. Written permission from GECF Secretariat is required for any commercial use. The GECF ASB 2019 contains references to materials from third parties. GECF Secretariat will not be responsible for any unauthorized use of third party materials.
    [Show full text]
  • System Plan 2018 – Electricity and Gas in Denmark 2 System Plan 2018
    SYSTEM PLAN 2018 – ELECTRICITY AND GAS IN DENMARK 2 SYSTEM PLAN 2018 CONTENTS 1. A holistic approach to electricity and gas planning ......................................3 1.1 Energinet’s objectives and the political framework .............................................. 3 1.2 New organisation ............................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Analysis and planning .................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research and development .......................................................................................... 8 1.5 Environmental reporting ..............................................................................................10 1.6 Energy efficiency ............................................................................................................11 2. Electricity .........................................................................................................16 2.1 Security of electricity supply ......................................................................................17 2.2 Resources to safeguard balance and technical quality ......................................22 2.3 Cooperation with other countries ..............................................................................24 2.4 Cooperation with other grid operators ....................................................................29 2.5 Planning for conversion and expansion of electrical installations
    [Show full text]
  • 0176E European Energy Handbook 2013
    SECTOR SURVEY THE EUROPEAN SEVENTH EDITION ISBN 978-0-9555037-5-7 ENERGY HANDBOOK February 2013 2013 9 780955 503757 CONTENTS 02 Introduction 232 Former Yugoslav Republic 03 European Union of Macedonia 23 Albania 240 Malta 30 Austria 248 Montenegro 37 Belgium 255 The Netherlands 47 Bosnia and Herzegovina 270 Norway 56 Bulgaria 277 Poland 66 Croatia 286 Portugal 76 Cyprus 295 Romania 85 Czech Republic 305 Russia 93 Denmark 314 Serbia 108 Estonia 324 Slovak Republic 114 Finland 331 Slovenia 125 France 338 Spain 138 Germany 347 Sweden 151 Greece 355 Switzerland 160 Hungary 362 Turkey 168 Iceland 379 Ukraine 177 Ireland 388 United Kingdom 186 Italy 405 Overview of the legal and 196 Kazakhstan regulatory framework in 40 jurisdictions 204 Latvia 440 Overview of the 209 Lithuania renewable energy regime 223 Luxembourg in 40 jurisdictions 02 HERBERT SMITH FREEHILLS INTRODUCTION I am delighted to introduce the 2013 edition of "The EDITORS European energy handbook" which is presented in an updated format. The 2013 edition gives an in-depth survey of current issues in the energy sector in 41 European jurisdictions. The review includes a summary of each legal and regulatory energy framework and analyses issues such as industry structure, third party access, the framework applying to use of systems both at the transmission and distribution levels, market entry, nuclear power and cross-border interconnection. Authors have given special attention to Mark Newbery Silke Goldberg the status of the transposition and implementation of the Third Energy Global Head of Energy Senior associate Package and the Climate Change Package into national law.
    [Show full text]
  • Status Review on Implementation of TSO and DSO Unbundling Provisions
    Legal Affairs Committee Implementation of TSO and DSO Unbundling Provisions – Update and Clean Energy Package Outlook CEER Status Review Ref: C18-LAC-02-08 14 June 2019 Council of European Energy Regulators asbl Cours Saint-Michel 30a, Box F – 1040 Brussels, Belgium Arrondissement judiciaire de Bruxelles – RPM 0861.035.445 Ref: C18-LAC-02-08 CEER Status Review on TSO and DSO Unbundling INFORMATION PAGE Abstract This CEER document (C18-LAC-02-08) presents an updated Status Review on the Implementation of Transmission and Distribution System Operators’ Unbundling Provisions of the 3rd Energy Package, focusing on new developments since summer 2015. It also briefly summarises the main changes and novelties with regard to unbundling-related provisions that were made in the recasts of the Electricity Directive and Electricity Regulation within the framework of “Clean Energy for All Europeans” package (CEP). Under the 3rd Energy Package, energy networks are subject to unbundling requirements which oblige Member States to ensure the separation of vertically integrated energy companies, resulting in the separation of the various stages of energy supply (generation, transmission, distribution, and retail). This Status Review aims to assess the status of DSO and TSO unbundling, highlighting the new developments since 2015 and to provide an overview of the main changes in unbundling-related provisions introduced in CEP. Topics explored included related issues such as: cases and reasons for reopening certification decisions; branding; financial independence in terms of staff and resources; compliance programmes and officers; investments, joint-venture TSOs and joint undertakings. Target Audience European Commission, energy suppliers, traders, gas/electricity customers, gas/electricity industry, consumer representative groups, network operators, Member States, academics and other interested parties.
    [Show full text]
  • The Benefits of Investing in Electricity Transmission a Case Study of Northern Europe
    The Benefits of Investing in Electricity Transmission A Case Study of Northern Europe Jonas Teusch Arno Behrens Christian Egenhofer January 2012 Abstract Electricity trading can bring down the costs of the EU’s transition to a competitive low-carbon economy, in particular by facilitating the integration of renewable energy from variable sources. Yet insufficient grid infrastructure and regulatory obstacles prevent the trading potential from being fully realised in northern Europe. While many interconnector projects are under development, various barriers are precluding the grid rollout from taking place on time. The European Commission’s energy infrastructure package is an important step forward to overcome these barriers. But the scale and urgency of the infrastructure challenge call for significant further progress. This study was funded by Dong Energy, Fortum, Statkraft and Vattenfall. The authors would like to extend special thanks to officials and representatives from the European Commission, ENTSO-E, ACER, BNetzA, the Swedish Markets Inspectorate and EWEA for their valuable assistance and support. The preliminary results of this study were discussed at a stakeholder workshop held at CEPS on 28 September 2011; the main results were debated by a high-level panel on 28 November 2011. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are attributable only to the authors in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which they are associated. ISBN 978-94-6138-161-3 Available for free downloading from the CEPS website (http://www.ceps.eu)
    [Show full text]
  • Significant Energy Assets on the Market (SEAM) Database on IHS
    Significant Energy Assets on the Market (SEAM) Database on IHS Connect IHS Energy has launched a new database tool that actively tracks all known energy assets on the market and independently values them in a transparent manner utilizing more than 40,000 comparable transactions from IHS’s M&A database dating back to 1988. Assets on the Market database features include: • Searchable and exportable database covering all global and regional • Source documents including offering memos, prospectuses, and locations and all resource segments, detailing valuations and full press releases. operational data including reserves, production and acreage. • Full opportunity set currently totals approximately $250 billion • Contact information for sellers and advisors. Canada $25 B+ Europe $30 B+ Sellers Key Assets for Sale (or JV) Sellers Key Assets for Sale (or JV) Apache Corp. 1 million acres in Provost region of east-central Alberta Antrim Energy Skellig Block in Porcupine Basin Athabasca Oil Corp. 350,000 net prospective acres in Duvernay BNK Petroleum Joint venture partner sought for Polish shale gas play Canadian Oil Sands Rejects Suncor offer; reviewing strategic alternatives BP 16% stake in Culzean gas field in UK North Sea Centrica plc Offering 6,346 boe/d (86% gas) ConocoPhillips 24% stake in UK’s Clair oil field. Considering sale of Norwegian Cequence Energy Montney-focused E&P undergoing strategic review North Sea fields ConocoPhillips Western Canada gas properties Endeavour Int’l. Bankrupt; to sell Alba and Rochelle fields in the UK North
    [Show full text]
  • Minutes SDAC Joint Steering Committee Meeting 28/10/2020,11:00 – 17:00 CET, Conference Call
    Minutes SDAC Joint Steering Committee Meeting 28/10/2020,11:00 – 17:00 CET, conference call Present parties 50Hertz Cropex EPEX Spot Litgrid PSE Terna Admie EirGrid (TSO) ESO MAVIR REE TGE Amprion Eirgrid (SEMO PX) EXAA Nasdaq REN Transelectrica APG ElecLink Fingrid Nemo Link RTE Transnet BW AST Elering GME NGIC/NGIFA2 SEPS TTG BritNed ELES HEnEx OKTE SONI (SEMO PX) TTN BSP Elia HOPS OMIE SONI (TSO) ČEPS EMCO Nord Pool HUPX OPCOM Statnett Creos Energinet IBEX OTE Svk Attending by phone Not present Present chairs, TF leaders, PMOs, observers BMTF leader/PMO Entso-e MRC OPSCOM leader MSD TSO co-leader OST Swissgrid EC JSC Secretary MRC OPSCOM PMO MSD PMO PCR chair & PMO TSO co-chair EMS MEPSO MSD NEMO co-leader NEMO co-chair Procedures TF leader Attending by phone Not present Meeting agenda # Topic For 1 Welcome, practicalities 1.1 Confirm quorum Inf 1.2 Adoption of the agenda Dec 1.3 Approval of minutes of past meetings/calls (incl. part for publication) Dec 1.4 Review open action points Inf 2 Strategy/governance 2.1 Exit plan for GB parties Dec 2.2 DAOA: clarification re. approval of updated operational procedures Dec 2.3 15 min MTU implementation project Dec 2.4 Assessment on synergies between regions and SDAC Inf 3 Important points to highlight and decisions requested by TFs 3.1 BMTF Dec 3.2 MRC OPSCOM – PART 1 Dec Lunch break 3.3 Confirm quorum Inf 3.4 MRC OPSCOM – PART 2 Inf 3.5 Interim Coupling Project Inf 3.6 MSD (20 min) Inf 3.7 Intraday auctions (IDA) Inf 3.8 CCP default – status reporting Inf 3.9 JSC members questions to reports in back-up section Dis 4 Important points for SDAC from ENTSO-E/ NC/ NRAs/ ACER/ EC 4.1 Joint SDAC & SIDC governance: “lean” implementation proposal Dis 4.2 Feedback from 22/09 TCG and 23/09 MESC Inf 5 Any other business 5.1 SDAC communication plan Inf 5.2 Qualified electronic signature – status investigation outcome Inf 5.3 Next meetings Inf 1 List of decisions # Topic Decision 1.2 Adoption of the The meeting agenda is approved.
    [Show full text]
  • Minutes SDAC Joint Steering Committee Meeting 10/02/2021,11:00 – 17:00 CET, Conference Call
    Minutes SDAC Joint Steering Committee Meeting 10/02/2021,11:00 – 17:00 CET, conference call Present parties 50Hertz Cropex EPEX Spot IBEX PSE Svk Admie EirGrid (TSO) ESO Litgrid REE Terna Amprion Eirgrid (SEMO PX) EXAA MAVIR REN TGE APG Elering Fingrid Nasdaq RTE Transelectrica AST ELES GME OKTE SEPS Transnet BW BSP Elia HEnEx OMIE SONI (SEMO PX) TTG ČEPS EMCO Nord Pool HOPS OPCOM SONI (TSO) TTN Creos Energinet HUPX OTE Statnett Attending by phone Not present Present chairs, TF leaders, PMOs, observers ACER EMS MEPSO MSD NEMO co-leader NEMO co-chair Procedures TF leader BMTF leader/PMO Entso-e MRC OPSCOM leader MSD TSO co-leader OST Swissgrid EC JSC Secretary MRC OPSCOM PMO MSD PMO PCR chair & PMO TSO co-chair Attending by phone Not present Meeting agenda # Topic For 1 Welcome, practicalities 1.1 Confirm quorum Inf 1.2 Adoption of the agenda Dec 1.3 Approval of minutes of past meetings (incl. part for publication) Dec 1.4 Review open action points Inf 2 Strategy/governance 2.1 Proposal for the improvement of the governance for the MCO assets Dis 2.2 Joint SDAC and SIDC governance Dec 2.3 Overview interaction SDAC <-> external bodies/stakeholders Inf 3 Important points to highlight and decisions requested by TFs 3.1 BMTF (10 min) Dec 3.2 Communication TF (10 min) Dec 3.3 MSD (40 min) Dec Lunch break 3.4 Confirm quorum (5 min) Inf 3.5 Enduring SDAC phase and extensions (15 min) Dec 3.6 MRC OPSCOM (45 min) Dis 3.7 15 min MTU project (10 min) Inf 3.8 Next PMB release (10 min) Inf 3.9 Procedures TF (15 min) Inf 3.10 JSC members questions to reports (20 min) Inf 4 Important points for SDAC from ENTSO-E/ NC/ NRAs/ ACER/ EC 4.1 Preparation for 23/02 PCG (former TCG) Inf 4.2 NRA workshop on Algorithm Inf 5 Any other business 5.1 Qualified electronic signature Inf 5.2 Next meetings Inf 1 List of decisions # Topic Decision 1.2 Adoption of the The meeting agenda is approved.
    [Show full text]
  • Agnia Grigas1
    The Gas Relationship between the Baltic States and Russia: politics and commercial realities Agnia Grigas1 NG 67 October 2012 1 Agnia Grigas (née Baranauskaitė) has a decade of experience in business and academia working as a development and political risk consultant for corporations and governments. She is the author of The Politics of Energy and Memory between the Baltic States and Russia (Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming ) and holds a PhD in international relations from the University of Oxford. The contents of this paper are the author’s sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, of any of the Institute’s members, and/or of the author’s other affiliations. Copyright © 2012 Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (Registered Charity, No. 286084) This publication may be reproduced in part for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. ISBN 978-1-907555-58-9 ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Jonathan Stern, Chairman and Senior Research Fellow of the Natural Gas Programme at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, for having read, commented and given me guidance on this study. I would also like to thank editor John Elkins, cartographer David Sansom, and my research assistant Sabina Karmazinaitė. iii Preface The OIES Natural Gas Programme has published detailed studies of gas relationships between Russia and all European and CIS countries, with the exception of the Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Energy Markets in 2014
    ISSN 1831-5666 EU Energy Markets in 2014 Energy EU Energy Markets in 2014 This publication presents an adapted version of the Commission Staff Working Documents SWD (2014) 310 final and SWD (2014) 311 final accompanying the Communication «Progress towards completing the Internal Energy Market» COM (2014) 634 final of 13 October 2014. Legal notice: The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. Some data included in this report are subject to database rights and/or third party copyright. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 ISBN 978-92-79-37962-8 doi:10.2833/2400 © European Union, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium Printed on white chlorine-free paper Table of contents 1. Trends and Developments in European Energy Markets 2014 .............. 6 1. Energy position of the EU ................................................................ 6 1.1. EU energy consumption ............................................................... 6 1.1.1. Gross Inland Consumption ...................................................... 6 1.1.2. Uses of energy sources by sector ................................................ 6 1.1.3. Energy intensity ................................................................ 8 1.2. EU energy supply ..................................................................... 9 1.2.1. EU primary energy production ................................................... 9 1.2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Energy Regulation
    Issue 215 Reporting on energy regulation issues around the world April 2017 Global Energy Regulation Contents EUROPEAN NEWS 1 Europe European Union 11 North America 15 Central & South America The Council And The European Parliament Reach Agreement 16 Asia Pacific On The Revised Security Of Gas Supply Regulation 19 Middle East The Council of the European Union and the European Parliament reached a provisional agreement on a revised draft regulation on security of gas supply. The new rules are intended to improve cooperation among Member States and to ensure a regionally coordinated and common approach to security of supply, with the aim of minimising the impact of any potential disruption to the gas system. Key elements of the regulation are: (1) enhancing regional cooperation and coordination around groups of Member States facing common risks; (2) mandating regional preventive action plans and emergency plans, as well as regional risk assessments; (3) establishing a solidarity mechanism; (4) increasing the monitoring of gas supply contract terms; and (5) defining specific obligations of EU Member States towards the Energy Community. Once the agreement is confirmed by the Permanent Representatives of Member States, the text will have to be formally approved by the European Parliament and the Council of the EU and then will enter into force after being published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Council of the EU, 27/04/17; European Commission, 27/04/17 General Editor Tomas Haug Regional Editors Amparo Nieto: North America Oscar Arnedillo: Spain, Portugal, European Union, and Latin America Marco Schönborn: Italy Commission Asks Hungary To Fully Comply With The Third Energy Package The European Commission (EC) has sent a reasoned opinion to the Government of Hungary requesting the correct implementation and application of the Electricity and Gas directives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eastern Baltic LNG Terminal As a Prospect to Improve Security of Regional Gas Supply
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, ENGINEERING & DEVELOPMENT DOI: 10.46300/91015.2021.15.6 Volume 15, 2021 The Eastern Baltic LNG terminal as a prospect to improve security of regional gas supply Kati Kõrbe Kaare, Ott Koppel, Ando Leppiman Department of Logistics and Transport Tallinn University of Technology 19086 Tallinn, Estonia E-mail: {kati.korbe, ott.koppel, ando.leppiman}@ttu.ee Received: March 4, 2021. Revised: March 22, 2021. Accepted: March 26, 2021. Published: March 29, 2021. Abstract—One of the crucial issues in Europe at the moment the ultimate goal of the third energy package of EU, to promote is securing reliable gas supply. Achieving security of gas supply competition and create single European energy market. In implies diversifying gas sources, while having enough supply, parallel with infrastructure planning Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia transportation, and storage capacity to meet demand peaks and and Finland are evolving market liberalization with intention to supply interruptions. In 2013, the Baltic States still remain introduce market-based trading systems. disintegrated from the rest of Europe in one crucial way: their natural gas infrastructure isolates them into “energy islands”. EU energy policy now aims to couple Baltic natural gas The Eastern Baltic Sea European Union (EU) member states of networks with those of their EU allies in pursuit of two key Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are the only ones which strategic goals: creation of a single unified energy market in remain isolated from the present integrated EU natural gas Europe; and completion of a post-Cold War Europe that is transmission system. The gas demand in these isolated member whole and free [1].
    [Show full text]