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This Document Has Been Downloaded from Tampub – the Institutional Repository of University of Tampere
This document has been downloaded from Tampub – The Institutional Repository of University of Tampere Post-print Authors: Häkli Jouni Manufacturing provinces : theorizing the encounters between Name of article: governmental and popular 'geographs' in Finland Name of work: Rethinking geopolitics Editors of work: Dalby Simon, ÓTuathail Gearóid Year of 1998 publication: Publisher: Routledge Pages: 131-151 Discipline: Social sciences / Social and economic geography Language: en URN: http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:uta-3-957 All material supplied via TamPub is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorized user. Author’s copy. Originally published in In S. Dalby & G. Ò Tuathail (eds.). Rethinking geopolitics. London: Routledge (1998), 131-151. Manufacturing provinces: Theorizing the encounters between governmental and popular <geographs= in Finland Jouni Häkli Introduction One of the uniting factors in the heterogeneous >critical geopolitics= approach has been the aspiration to analyze the taken-for-granted constructions on which conventional politics is based. These include, for instance, the imagination of the world as cultural, geo-economic or geopolitical regions, and the conception of global politics as a strategic game played out on a patchwork of distinct territorial units. In seeking alternatives to reality as presented by the dominant players of the global and national politics, the practitioners of critical geopolitics have called into question the very foundation on which relations between states and social groups are forged, political decisions made, hostilities commenced, and treaties negotiated (Dalby 1991: 264-269, Dalby and Ó Tuathail 1996: 452). -
Conservation Significance of Intact Forest Landscapes in The
Landscape Ecol (2020) 35:2113–2131 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01088-4 (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) RESEARCH ARTICLE Conservation significance of intact forest landscapes in the Scandinavian Mountains Green Belt Johan Svensson . Jakub W. Bubnicki . Bengt Gunnar Jonsson . Jon Andersson . Grzegorz Mikusin´ski Received: 6 July 2019 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 / Published online: 10 August 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Methods Over 22 million ha with 14.5 million ha Context As forest harvesting remains high, there is a boreal and subalpine forest and with data consisting of crucial need to assess the remaining large, contiguous a 60-70 year retrospective sequence, we analyzed and intact forests, regionally, nationally and globally. distribution, density and connectivity of forests that Objectives Our objective was to analyze the spatial have not been clear cut, using moving window and patterns and structural connectivity of intact and landscape analyzes derived from Circuitscape. primary forests in northern Sweden with focus on Results We revealed a contiguous, connected and the Scandinavian Mountain region; one of the few semi-connected intact forest landscape forming a remaining large European intact forest landscapes. distinct Green Belt south to north along the mountain range. Almost 60% of the forestland remains intact, including contiguous clusters 10,000 ha and larger. The connectivity is particularly high in protected areas Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01088-4) con- with primary forests outside contributing substantially tains supplementary material, which is available to authorized to overall connectivity. We found gaps in connectivity users. -
From the Early Paleozoic Platforms of Baltica and Laurentia to the Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia and Greenland
44 by David G. Gee1, Haakon Fossen2, Niels Henriksen3, and Anthony K. Higgins3 From the Early Paleozoic Platforms of Baltica and Laurentia to the Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia and Greenland 1 Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavagen Villavägen 16, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] 3 The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, Dk 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] The Caledonide Orogen in the Nordic countries is exposed in Norway, western Sweden, westernmost Fin- Introduction land, on Svalbard and in northeast Greenland. In the The Caledonide Orogen is preserved on both sides of the North mountains of western Scandinavia, the structure is dom- Atlantic Ocean, in the mountains of western Scandinavia and north- inated by E-vergent thrusts with allochthons derived eastern Greenland; it continues northwards from northern Norway, across the Barents Shelf and Svalbard to the edge of the Eurasian from the Baltoscandian platform and margin, from out- Basin (Figure 1). The orogen is notable for its thrust systems, board oceanic (Iapetus) terranes and with the highest E-vergent in Scandinavia and W-vergent in Greenland. The width of the orogen, prior to Cenozoic opening of the North Atlantic, was in thrust sheets having Laurentian affinities. The other the order of at least 700–800 km, the deformation fronts on both side of this bivergent orogen is well exposed in north- sides of the orogen being defined by thrusts that, in the Devonian, eastern Greenland, where W-vergent thrust sheets probably reached substantially further onto the foreland platforms than they do today. -
Torches and Torch Relays of the Olympic Summer Games from Berlin 1936 to London 2012 Reference Document
Olympic Studies Centre Torches and Torch Relays of the Olympic Summer Games from Berlin 1936 to London 2012 Reference document Presentation and visuals of the Olympic torches. Facts and figures on the Torch Relay for each edition. November 2014 © IOC – John HUET Reference document TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 Berlin 1936 ................................................................................................................... 5 London 1948 ................................................................................................................ 9 Helsinki 1952 .............................................................................................................. 13 Melbourne/Stockholm 1956 ...................................................................................... 17 Rome 1960 .................................................................................................................. 23 Tokyo 1964 ................................................................................................................. 27 Mexico City 1968 ........................................................................................................ 31 Munich 1972 ............................................................................................................... 35 Montreal 1976 ............................................................................................................ -
Sámi Histories, Colonialism, and Finland
Sámi Histories, Colonialism, and Finland Veli-Pekka Lehtola Abstract. Public apologies, compensations, and repatriation policies have been forms of rec- onciliation processes by authorities in Nordic countries to recognize and take responsibility of possible injustices in Sámi histories. Support for reconciliation politics has not been unanimous, however. Some Finnish historians have been ready to reject totally the subjugation or colonial- ism towards the Sámi in the history of Finnish Lapland. The article analyzes the contexts for the reasoning and studies the special nature of Sámi- Finnish relations. More profound interpre- tations are encouraged to be done, examining colonial processes and structures to clarify what kind of social, linguistic, and cultural effects the asymmetrical power relations have had. Introduction careful historical study was carried out to investi- gate the history of injustice (Minde 2003), which “Colonialism may be dead, yet it is everywhere to was followed by the apology by the state for “those be seen.” gross injustices” that the minorities of the country (Dirks 2010:93) had suffered. The state extended its apology to vagrants and Kvens, too. The Norwegian state has There has been a lot of discussion in recent de- 1 also granted compensations, which older Sámi cades about the colonialist past of Nordic states. could apply for forfeited schooling. Already in There will never be a consensus, but some notable the first years, Kvens and Sámi sent thousands representatives of the dominant populations have of applications, which were largely approved shown willingness to reach some kind of recon- (Anttonen 2010:54–71). In all Nordic countries, ciliation with the past and build better relations the reconciliation theme has been evident when that way. -
Recent Noteworthy Findings of Fungus Gnats from Finland and Northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae)
Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Taxonomic paper Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae) Jevgeni Jakovlev†, Jukka Salmela ‡,§, Alexei Polevoi|, Jouni Penttinen ¶, Noora-Annukka Vartija# † Finnish Environment Insitutute, Helsinki, Finland ‡ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Rovaniemi, Finland § Zoological Museum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland | Forest Research Institute KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia ¶ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Jyväskylä, Finland # Toivakka, Myllyntie, Finland Corresponding author: Jukka Salmela ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vladimir Blagoderov Received: 10 Feb 2014 | Accepted: 01 Apr 2014 | Published: 02 Apr 2014 Citation: Jakovlev J, Salmela J, Polevoi A, Penttinen J, Vartija N (2014) Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Abstract New faunistic data on fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea excluding Sciaridae) from Finland and NW Russia (Karelia and Murmansk Region) are presented. A total of 64 and 34 species are reported for the first time form Finland and Russian Karelia, respectively. Nine of the species are also new for the European fauna: Mycomya shewelli Väisänen, 1984,M. thula Väisänen, 1984, Acnemia trifida Zaitzev, 1982, Coelosia gracilis Johannsen, 1912, Orfelia krivosheinae Zaitzev, 1994, Mycetophila biformis Maximova, 2002, M. monstera Maximova, 2002, M. uschaica Subbotina & Maximova, 2011 and Trichonta palustris Maximova, 2002. Keywords Sciaroidea, Fennoscandia, faunistics © Jakovlev J et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Cost Efficiency of Finnish Municipalities in Basic Service Provision 1994-2002
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Loikkanen, Heikki A.; Susiluoto, Ilkka Conference Paper Cost Efficiency of Finnish Municipalities in Basic Service Provision 1994-2002 45th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Land Use and Water Management in a Sustainable Network Society", 23-27 August 2005, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Loikkanen, Heikki A.; Susiluoto, Ilkka (2005) : Cost Efficiency of Finnish Municipalities in Basic Service Provision 1994-2002, 45th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Land Use and Water Management in a Sustainable Network Society", 23-27 August 2005, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/117399 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. -
Second World War As a Trigger for Transcultural Changes Among Sámi People in Finland
Acta Borealia A Nordic Journal of Circumpolar Societies ISSN: 0800-3831 (Print) 1503-111X (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/sabo20 Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among Sámi people in Finland Veli-Pekka Lehtola To cite this article: Veli-Pekka Lehtola (2015) Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among Sámi people in Finland, Acta Borealia, 32:2, 125-147, DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673 Published online: 07 Oct 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 22 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=sabo20 Download by: [Oulu University Library] Date: 23 November 2015, At: 04:24 ACTA BOREALIA, 2015 VOL. 32, NO. 2, 125–147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673 Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among Sámi people in Finland Veli-Pekka Lehtola Giellagas Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The article analyses the consequences of the Lapland War (1944– Received 28 October 2014 45) and the reconstruction period (1945–52) for the Sámi society Revised 25 February 2015 in Finnish Lapland, and provides some comparisons to the Accepted 24 July 2015 situation in Norway. Reconstructing the devastated Lapland KEYWORDS meant powerful and rapid changes that ranged from novelties Sámi history; Finnish Lapland; of material culture to increasing Finnish ideals, from a Lapland War; reconstruction transition in the way of life to an assimilation process. -
Destination Management Organizations
Destination Management Organizations And Their Effect on Japanese Tourism to Norrbotten County Department of Business Administration International Business Bachelor thesis Spring 2014 Markus Jansson 880614-7511 Håkan Jernberg 900323-5778 Tutor: Inge Ivarsson Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to study the work of destination management organizations, henceforth called DMOs, in Norrbotten, Sweden’s northernmost county. Specifically, the thesis examines how the work of these organizations has affected the Japanese tourism to the region, which has been growing in the last few years. To accomplish this, previous research on destination development, DMOs, and factors for attracting Japanese tourism to rural regions was turned into a model for DMO success. The model consists of three categories of activities that DMOs should work with: Marketing, Cooperation and Development. The thesis takes on a qualitative approach and the empirical data gathered was based on semi-structured interviews undertaken with representatives from four DMOs that all had an outspoken focus on the Japanese market. The questions concerned these categories, and factors within them aimed at the Japanese market. The empirical data collected in these interviews was complemented with bed night statistics from Statistics Sweden, henceforth known as SCB, and previous studies and reports that were relevant to the research. The data show that the DMOs engaged in work that fitted into all three of the model’s categories. The DMOs worked with jointly marketing their destinations, ensuring cooperation between a range of actors and each other, and supporting the development of their destinations in a variety of ways. For the Japanese market, the DMOs promoted the attributes that, according to theory, are considered attractive by Japanese tourists, worked directly with Japanese actors at the destination and in Japan, maintained contacts with these actors, and aided in the development of the destination for the Japanese market by upgrading human resources for work towards the Japanese market. -
Chapter 2 High Mountains in the Baltic Sea Basin
Chapter 2 High mountains in the Baltic Sea basin Joanna Pociask-Karteczka 1, Jarosław Balon 1, Ladislav Holko 2 1 Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland, [email protected] 2 Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia Abstract : The aim of the chapter is focused on high mountain regions in the Baltic Sea basin. High mountain environment has specific features defined by Carl Troll. The presence of timberline (upper tree line) and a glacial origin of landforms are considered as the most important features of high mountains. The Scandianavian Mountains and Tatra Mountains comply with the above definition of the high mountain environment. Both mountain chains were glaciated in Pleistocene : the Fennos- candian Ice Sheet covered the northern part of Europe including the Scandinavian Peninsula while mountain glaciers occurred in the highest part of the Carpathian Mountains. Keywords : U-shaped valleys, glacial cirques, perennial snow patches, altitudinal belts The Baltic Sea and its drainage The Baltic Sea occupies a basin formed by glacial basin – general characteristic erosion during three large inland ice ages. The latest and most important one lasted from 120,000 until ap. The Baltic Sea is one of the largest semi-enclosed seas 18,000 years ago. The Baltic Sea underwent a complex in the world. The sea stretches at the geographic lati- development during last several thousand years after tude almost 13° from the south to the north, and at the the last deglaciation. At present it exhibits a young geographic longitude 20° from the west to the east. -
References to Iconic Landscapes in the Debate Surrounding the Founding of Finland’S National Parks, Circa 1880–1910
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR HISTORY, CULTURE AND MODERNITY www.history-culture-modernity.org Published by: Uopen Journals Copyright: © The Author(s). Content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence eISSN: 2213-0624 References to Iconic Landscapes in the Debate Surrounding the Founding of Finland’s National Parks, circa 1880–1910 Juho Niemelä and Esa Ruuskanen HCM 7: 741–764 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.579 Abstract This article reviews the formation of the idea of national parks in Finland between the 1880s and 1910s. It argues that both the term and the concept of national park evolved in a long-lasting deliberative pro- cess between competing definitions. The main actors in this process were geographers, forestry scientists and NGOs devoted to popular edu- cation and the promotion of tourism. As a result of the debates, iconic landscapes and species were located in Finnish nature inside the wholly artificial boundaries of the national parks. Eventually, both the science and tourism poles of the decades-long debate were incorporated into the plans and visions for Finland’s national parks in the early twentieth century. The national park debate between the 1880s and 1910s focused mainly on landscapes, land formations and vegetation zones, and not so much on the wildlife or indeed the people who lived inside these areas. Keywords: environmental history, environmental values, Finland, Lapland, national parks, nature conservation Introduction In 1938, Finland finally established its first national parks in the fells of Pallas-Yllästunturi and Pyhätunturi in Lapland; in the Heinäsaaret Islands off the north-east coast of Petsamo; and on Stora Träskö Island HCM 2019, VOL. -
Sami in Finland and Sweden
A baseline study of socio-economic effects of Northland Resources ore establishment in northern Sweden and Finland Indigenous peoples and rights Stefan Ekenberg Luleå University of Technology Department of Human Work Sciences 2008 Universitetstryckeriet, Luleå A baseline study of socio-economic effects of Northland Resources ore establishment in northern Sweden and Finland Indigenous peoples and rights Stefan Ekenberg Department of Human Work Sciences Luleå University of Technology 1 Summary The Sami is considered to be one people with a common homeland, Sápmi, but divided into four national states, Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden. The indigenous rights therefore differ in each country. Finlands Sami policy may be described as accommodative. The accommodative Sami policy has had two consequences. Firstly, it has made Sami collective issues non-political and has thus change focus from previously political mobilization to present substate administration. Secondly, the depoliticization of the Finnish Sami probably can explain the absent of overt territorial conflicts. However, this has slightly changes due the discussions on implementation of the ILO Convention No 169. Swedish Sami politics can be described by quarrel and distrust. Recently the implementation of ILO Convention No 169 has changed this description slightly and now there is a clear legal demand to consult the Sami in land use issues that may affect the Sami. The Reindeer herding is an important indigenous symbol and business for the Sami especially for the Swedish Sami. Here is the reindeer herding organized in a so called Sameby, which is an economic organisations responsible for the reindeer herding. Only Sami that have parents or grandparents who was a member of a Sameby may become members.