Paipa Geothermal System, Boyacá
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Comunicado De Prensa C 267
COMUNICADO DE PRENSA C 267 Boyacá supera los 74 mil casos de COVID-19, hoy se notifican 846 positivos y catorce fallecidos A la fecha en el Departamento hay 74.645 casos confirmados, 69.784 recuperados y 1.733 fallecimientos. Tunja, 11 de junio de 2021. (UACP). La Secretaría de Salud Departamental confirma 846 nuevos casos de COVID-19 en Boyacá, de los cuales 298 son en Duitama, 201 en Tunja, 110 en Sogamoso, sesenta y cinco en Chiquinquirá, veintiún en Paipa, diecinueve en Puerto Boyacá, nueve en Boyacá, nueve en Nobsa, ocho en Miraflores, ocho en Tibasosa, ocho en Úmbita, seis en Belén, seis en Villa De Leyva, cuatro en Aquitania, cuatro en Moniquirá, cuatro en Otanche, cuatro en Sutamarchán, tres en Chivatá, tres en Paz De Río, tres en Samacá, tres en Soatá, tres en Sotaquirá, tres en Tasco, tres en Tibaná, tres en Turmequé, tres en Ventaquemada, dos en Chitaraque, dos en Gámeza, dos en Monguí, dos en Motavita, dos en Muzo, dos en Nuevo Colón, dos en San Miguel De Sema, dos en Socha, dos en Soracá, dos en Togüí y con un caso Caldas, Chíquiza, Chita, Ciénega, Cómbita, Firavitoba, Guateque, Jericó, Oicatá, Santa Rosa De Viterbo, Socotá, Tinjacá, Tipacoque, Toca, Tópaga. Así mismo, se reportan catorce (14) defunciones en los municipios de: Belén (2), Chiquinquirá (2), Duitama (2), Garagoa, Guateque, Moniquirá (2), Nobsa, Paipa, Puerto Boyacá (2). Del total de casos reportados hay 439 mujeres y 407 hombres, 289 son contactos estrechos, dos son militares, cinco son policías, doce son profesionales de la salud, siete están hospitalizados y los demás están en casa con medidas de aislamiento. -
Muon Tomography Sites for Colombian Volcanoes
Muon Tomography sites for Colombian volcanoes A. Vesga-Ramírez Centro Internacional para Estudios de la Tierra, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Buenos Aires-Argentina. D. Sierra-Porta1 Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Centro de Modelado Científico, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo-Venezuela, J. Peña-Rodríguez, J.D. Sanabria-Gómez, M. Valencia-Otero Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia. C. Sarmiento-Cano Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina. , M. Suárez-Durán Departamento de Física y Geología, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona-Colombia H. Asorey Laboratorio Detección de Partículas y Radiación, Instituto Balseiro Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Bariloche-Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, 8400, Bariloche-Argentina and Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina. L. A. Núñez Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Departamento de Física, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-Venezuela. December 30, 2019 arXiv:1705.09884v2 [physics.geo-ph] 27 Dec 2019 1Corresponding author Abstract By using a very detailed simulation scheme, we have calculated the cosmic ray background flux at 13 active Colombian volcanoes and developed a methodology to identify the most convenient places for a muon telescope to study their inner structure. Our simulation scheme considers three critical factors with different spatial and time scales: the geo- magnetic effects, the development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere, and the detector response at ground level. The muon energy dissipation along the path crossing the geological structure is mod- eled considering the losses due to ionization, and also contributions from radiative Bremßtrahlung, nuclear interactions, and pair production. -
Magmatic Evolution of the Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano, Central Cordillera, Colombia Minera1 Chemistry and Geochemistry
Magmatic evolution of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Central Cordillera, Colombia Minera1 chemistry and geochemistry N. VATIN-PÉRIGNON “‘, P. GOEMANS “‘, R.A. OLIVER ‘*’ L. BRIQUEU 13),J.C. THOURET 14J,R. SALINAS E. 151,A. MURCIA L. ” Abstract : The Nevado del RU~‘, located 120 km west of Bogota. is one of the currently active andesitic volcanoes that lies north of the Central Cordillera of Colombia at the intersection of two dominant fault systems originating in the Palaeozoïc basement. The pre-volcanic basement is formed by Palaeozoïc gneisses intruded by pre-Cretaceous and Tertiarygranitic batholiths. They are covered by lavas and volcaniclastic rocks from an eroded volcanic chain dissected during the late Pliocene. The geologic history of the Nevado del Ruiz records two periods of building of the compound volcano. The stratigraphie relations and the K-Ar dating indicate that effusive and explosive volcanism began approximately 1 Ma ago with eruption of differentiated andesitic lava andpyroclastic flows and andesitic domes along a regional structural trend. Cataclysmic eruptions opened the second phase of activity. The Upper sequences consist of block-lavas and lava domes ranging from two pyroxene-andesites to rhyodacites. Holocene to recent volcanic eruptions, controled by the intense tectonic activity at the intersection of the Palestina fawlt with the regional fault system, are similar in eruptive style and magma composition to eruptions of the earlier stages of building of the volcano. The youngest volcanic activity is marked by lateral phreatomagmatic eruptions, voluminous debris avalanches. ash flow tuffs and pumice falls related to catastrophic collapse during the historic eruptions including the disastrous eruption of 1985. -
Sogamoso, Tunja, Boyacá
Resultados Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018 Sogamoso, Tunja, Boyacá Julio 26 de 2019 Colombia. Distribución de la población por sexo y edad en los Población censada por sexo y edad censos históricos Avance en el proceso de transición demográfica asociado con el marcado cambio en la fecundidad, el descenso de la mortalidad, la acelerada urbanización y el crecimiento económico. 80 a 84 80 a 84 70 a 74 70 a 74 60 a 64 60 a 64 50 a 54 50 a 54 40 a 44 40 a 44 30 a 34 30 a 34 20 a 24 20 a 24 10 a 14 10 a 14 0 a 4 0 a 4 10% 5% 0% 5% 10% 10% 5% 0% 5% 10% 1964 1973 80 a 84 80 a 84 70 a 74 70 a 74 60 a 64 60 a 64 50 a 54 50 a 54 40 a 44 40 a 44 30 a 34 30 a 34 20 a 24 20 a 24 10 a 14 10 a 14 0 a 4 0 a 4 10% 5% 0% 5% 10% 10% 5% 0% 5% 10% 1985 1993 Fuente: DANE – CNPV 2018, I N F O R M A C I Ó N P A R A T O D O S Nacional. Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018 Nacional. Proyecciones de población 2018 derivadas del Censo 99 General 2005 96 93 mujeres mujeres 90 87 84 81 ? 78 78 75 75 72 72 69 69 66 66 63 63 60 60 57 57 54 54 51 51 48 48 45 45 42 42 39 39 36 36 33 33 30 30 27 27 24 24 21 21 18 18 15 15 12 12 9 09 6 06 3 03 0 00 1,0% 0,8% 0,6% 0,4% 0,2% 0,0% 0,2% 0,4% 0,6% 0,8% 1,0% 1,0% 0,8% 0,6% 0,4% 0,2% 0,0% 0,2% 0,4% 0,6% 0,8% 1,0% CNPV Proyecciones Fuente: DANE 44.164.417 = personas efectivamente censadas 43.835.324 personas censadas Estimación provisional de en hogares particulares + = 48.258.494 + personas 329.093 4.094.077 Total personas en personas omitidas Lugares Especiales 8,5% del total de personas de Alojamiento (LEA) 8,5% en hogares particulares 13.480.729 14.243.223 viviendas hogares con hogares particulares particulares Fuente: DANE – CNPV 2018, I N F O R M A C I Ó N P A R A T O D O S Colombia. -
Review and Reassessment of Hazards Owing to Volcano–Glacier Interactions in Colombia
128 Annals of Glaciology 45 2007 Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia Christian HUGGEL,1 Jorge Luis CEBALLOS,2 Bernardo PULGARI´N,3 Jair RAMI´REZ,3 Jean-Claude THOURET4 1Glaciology and Geomorphodynamics Group, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] 2Instituto de Meteorologı´a, Hidrologı´a y Estudios Ambientales, Bogota´, Colombia 3Instituto Colombiano de Geologı´a y Minerı´a, Bogota´, Colombia 4Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans UMR 6524 CNRS, Universite´ Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France ABSTRACT. The Cordillera Central in Colombia hosts four important glacier-clad volcanoes, namely Nevado del Ruiz, Nevado de Santa Isabel, Nevado del Tolima and Nevado del Huila. Public and scientific attention has been focused on volcano–glacier hazards in Colombia and worldwide by the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz/Armero catastrophe, the world’s largest volcano–glacier disaster. Important volcanological and glaciological studies were undertaken after 1985. However, recent decades have brought strong changes in ice mass extent, volume and structure as a result of atmospheric warming. Population has grown and with it the sizes of numerous communities located around the volcanoes. This study reviews and reassesses the current conditions of and changes in the glaciers, the interaction processes between ice and volcanic activity and the resulting hazards. Results show a considerable hazard potential from Nevados del Ruiz, Tolima and Huila. Explosive activity within environments of snow and ice as well as non-eruption-related mass movements induced by unstable slopes, or steep and fractured glaciers, can produce avalanches that are likely to be transformed into highly mobile debris flows. -
Valorisation of Clay Minerals from the Department of Boyacá (Colombia) for the Production of Vitrified Ceramic Materials
CASTELLÓN (ESPAÑA) VALORISATION OF CLAY MINERALS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF BOYACÁ (COLOMBIA) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VITRIFIED CERAMIC MATERIALS Nubia E. Céspedes Prieto (1), Ulises Fonseca González (2), Jesús S. Valencia Ríos (3), Juan B. Carda Castelló (1) (1) Solid State Group, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Castelló de la Plana (Spain) (2) Centro Minero Regional Boyacá, Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje – SENA, Sogamoso (Colombia) (3) Laboratorio de Catálisis Heterogénea, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá (Colombia) ABSTRACT This study has allowed the technical and scientific potential to be studied of clay materials from the Department of Boyacá, in particular from the municipalities of Sogamoso, Ráquira, and Cómbita, by the ceramic characterisation of these materials. This has provided extensive knowledge of these clays, with the prospect of providing them with greater added value. The instrumental characterisation focused on the following tests: mineralogical analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD); chemical characterisation by X-ray fluorescence (XRF); and evaluation of physico–ceramic properties such as linear shrinkage, porosity, and mechanical strength. This was considered key information for the development of possible applications in the field of science and ceramic technology. www.qualicer.org 1 CASTELLÓN (ESPAÑA) 1. INTRODUCTION Colombia is an emerging economy with great economic potential in its regions, as reflected in the ANDI 2012–2013 report, witness a per capita GDP of US$ 8,127[1]. It is the fourth largest economy in Latin America, after Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. Consequently, it occupies a key position in fostering investigations aimed at technological development and innovation, which attract great interest for investment as part of government policy. -
Sensibilización Del Desperdicio De Agua En El, Municpio De Turmequé Mediante Estrategias Lúdicas
SENSIBILIZACIÓN DEL DESPERDICIO DE AGUA EN EL, MUNICPIO DE TURMEQUÉ MEDIANTE ESTRATEGIAS LÚDICAS (SLOGAN: AHORRAR AGUA ES CULTURA DE ALTO TURMEQUÉ) MARTHA LIGIA RÁTIVA LARA MARITZA PULIDO CORPOCHIVATOS INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA TECNICA INDUSTRIAL TURMEQUE 2018 SENSIBILIZACIÓN DEL DESPERDICIO DE AGUA EN EL, MUNICIPIO DE TURMEQUÉ MEDIANTE ESTRATEGIAS LÚDICAS LIDERADAS POR LOS CORPOCHIVATOS (BURBUJITAS DE AIRE PURO) INTRODUCCIÓN Para el planeta ha sido preocupante en los últimos años la búsqueda de estrategias que permitan mejorar las condiciones de vida y la contribución que como comunidad educativa debemos brindar para la concientización del ahorro del agua, ya que, de ella depende la vida y subsistencia en la tierra. Uno de los propósitos de Corpochivor, es atender la necesidad del agua como fuente de vida y, más concretamente, sobre los recursos hídricos de nuestro entorno y su impacto sobre los seres humanos de diferentes zonas de Boyacá, ser conscientes a diario de nuestro compromiso frente a las buenas prácticas ambientales que nos permitan cuidar, proteger y conservar nuestro recurso hídrico permanentemente, es asumir la responsabilidad que como consumidores automáticamente adquirimos para que nuestra sociedad, y las generaciones futuras, puedan seguir beneficiándose de los valores que el agua nos aporta. Planteamos un cambio de actitud, es decir, comenzar a tener una nueva cultura del agua, entendida esta como una tendencia actual para optimizar el uso de este recurso escaso, enfocada a la manera como los seres humanos interactúan con -
Boyacá Route — a Story O� Champions on Two Wheels
Boyacá route — A story o� champions on two wheels 12 days / 11 nights An expedition by bicycle, where we can discover one of the best kept treasures in the country; the place where hundreds of Colombian cyclists train to surprise the world Soul - Wilderness & Expeditions Book at intotheshift.com/en/reserve A STORY OF CHAMPIONS ON TWO Value per person: WHEELS Land Portion USD $ 2.197 his amazing tour passes through one of the most Air Portion N/A incredible geographical regions in the country, the VAT N/A Cundi-Boyacense plateau. Covering a distance of TOTAL USD $ 2.197 804 km, we’ll ride through the most important towns of the area, and enjoy visiting the places where the great * Cost given per person considering a group o� mini- Colombian cyclists train. mum 5 people This destination is designed to be a challenging, adven- * Rates effective from January 1, 2020, to December 30, turous and impressive tour with a maximum elevation of 2020 3249 meters above sea level (masl), and a minimum of * We work with dynamic rates, th� means that the cost 698. will depend on the number o� people and the dates o� your trip Book now on http://intotheshift.com/eng/reserve/ DETAILS If you have any doubts or enquiries don’t hesitate to • Duration: 12 days, 11 nights contact us at [email protected] • Level of difficulty: Strong to Exhausting • Group: 5 people • Meeting point: Bogotá • Modes of transport: Overland Boyacá - A Story of champions PROGRAM Day 1 – We’ll meet in Bogotá, where we’ll settle at the hotel. -
The Central Cordillera of Colombia Evelio Echevarria 49
DE TAL EMERGENCIES I THE MO NTAINS Scarr, J. 1966. FOllr lIIiles bigb. Gollancz. Sreele, P. R. 1971. Tbe Lancet, 11, 33. Sreele, P. R. 1972. Doctor 011 Hverest. Ifodder and Sroughron. Wall, D. 1965. Hondoy. Murray. The Central Cordillera of Colombia Evelio Echevarria Perhaps the only counterpart that could be found in our world for the ndes of Central Colombia is the high volcanoes of Africa. Judging from pictures, Kilimanjaro has a number of duplications in Colombian peaks like Ruiz and Tolima, and the Virunga, in the Purace group. The wildlife habitat of Mount Elgon is imitated by some Colombian volcanoes around Tuqucrres. The strik ing plants of E Africa, like groundsels and lobelias, have also close equivalents in these parts of the Andes. And to round out the similarities, it is not unusual in the Colombian highlands to meet at times a hillman with undoubted e groid features - the legacy of the slave trade, handed down from colonial times. The Central Cordillera of Colombia is born in the heart of the country and heads along the continental divide of S merica in a SSW direction, until reach ing the international border with Ecuador. It is not a continuous range but rather it is composed of several isolated high massifs, separated by wide para mos, or rolling moorland, rising above deep tropical valleys that drain E and W. In spite of much recent aerophotogrammerry undertaken in the last few years by the Colombian air force, the range still lacks an accurate survey. De tail on existing maps is good for the inhabited country, but poor for the high er areas. -
Mapa Geologico Del Departamento De Boyaca
MAPA GEOLOGICO DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOYACA Memoria explicativa Elaborado por: ANTONIO JOSÉ RODRÍGUEZ PARRA ORLANDO SOLANO SILVA Enero DEL 2000 REPÚBLICA DE COLOMBIA MINISTERIO DE MINAS Y ENERGÍA INSTITUTO COLOMBIANO DE GEOLOGÍA Y MINERÍA MAPA GEOLOGICO DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOYACA Memoria explicativa Elaborada por: ANTONIO JOSÉ RODRÍGUEZ PARRA ORLANDO SOLANO SILVA MINISTERIO DE MINAS Y ENERGIA INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN GEOCIENCIAS, MINERIA Y QUIMICA “INGEOMINAS” Enero del 2000 i CONTENIDO RESUMEN .................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCCION.................................................................................................... 2 2. ASPECTOS FISICOS Y SOCIALES DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOYACA ......... 3 2.1 LOCALIZACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA Y FISIOGRAFÍA............................................ 3 2.2 HIDROGRAFIA ..................................................................................................... 7 2.3 CLIMA.................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 SUELOS Y VEGETACION .................................................................................... 8 2.5 POBLACION - ACTIVIDAD ECONOMICA ....................................................... 12 2.6 VIAS Y TRANSPORTE....................................................................................... 12 2.7 METODOLOGIA - FUENTES DE INFORMACION ........................................... 13 3. ESTRATIGRAFIA -
Basin Development and Tectonic History of the Llanos Basin, Eastern Cordillera and Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia
BASIN DEVELOPMENT AND TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE LLANOS BASIN, EASTERN CORDILLERA AND MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY, COLOMBIA by M.A.Cooper, F.T.Addison, R.Alvarez, M.Coral, R.H.Graham, A.B.Hayward, S.Howe, J.Martinez, J.Naar, R.Penas, A.J.Pulham and A.Taborda AAPG Bulletin, Volume 79, Number 10, October 1995, pages 1421-1443. BP Exploration (Colombia) Ltd., Carrera 9A no 99-02, Piso 9, A.A. 59824, Bogotá, Colombia Correspondence address, PanCanadian Petroleum, 150 9th Ave SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 2S5 Telephone (403) 290 2964 E-mail [email protected] REFERENCES USED TO CONSTRUCT THE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION DIAGRAMS AND PALEOGEOGRAPHIC MAPS OF GROSS DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS. The locations of the numbered sections that follow each reference are shown on the map of Colombia at the end of this document. The wells referred to are shown on Figures 4 and 5 in the paper. Alfonso, C.A., 1989. Stratigraphy and Regional Structure of the Western Flank of the Cordillera Oriental, Cimitarra Area, Middle Magdalena Basin, Colombia. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of South Carolina, 117pp. Section #1: Cimitarra area. BP Exploration, 1994. Internal well files, Pico-1, Toy-1 & Yavi-1. Wells: Pico-1, Toy-1 & Yavi-1 Bürgl, H., & Dumit, T. 1954. El Cretáceo Inferior En Los Alrededores De Villa De Leiva, Boyacá, El Cretáceo Superior En La Region De Girardot. Boletín Geológico, Ingeominas, Bogotá, v.2, p.23-48. Section #3: Villa De Leyva / Loma La Yesera. Section #4: Girardot - Nariño. Bürgl, H., 1960. El Jurásico e Infracretáceo del rio Batá, Boyacá. Boletín Servicio Geológico Nacional, Bogotá, Informe No. -
General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760011108 2020-03-22T16:23:33+00:00Z General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) ^ t ^ SITE EVALUATION FOR LASER N SATELLITE-TRACKING STATIONS N. H. MAO and R. A. MOHR (NASA-CR-146427) SITE EVALUATION FOR LASER N76-18196 SATELLITE - TRACKING STATIONS ( Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) 131 p HC $6.00 CSCL 14B Unclas G3/14 20043 v .............. ...:..:..:..:.... MAR 1978 rt' c7j` RECEIVED r - NASA STI FACILITY j INPUT BRANCH \ ,r r. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory SPECIAL REPORT 371 I Research in Space Science SAO Special Report No. 371 SITE EVALUATION FOR LASER SATELLITE-TRACKING STATIONS N. K. Mao and P. A. Mohr February 6, 1976 Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page It ABSTRACT ........................................................ vii I 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................