Leeds 2011 Census Profile This document presents the elements of the 2011 census related to migration in Leeds using charts, a selection of maps and a narrative explanation. It describes a snapshot of the resident population on 27 March 2011: • residents who were not born in the UK [see sections 1-4] • all residents by minority ethnic group [see section 5] • residents who have a non-UK passport [see section 6] • all residents who do not describe themselves as having an exclusively UK- based identity [see section 7] • all households according to whether English is their main language or not [see section 8]. All information in this document can be shared publicly. Issued June 2014 Contents Summary of the migration census picture for Leeds 3 About this document 4 • What does the data in this document cover? • How recent is the data? • What are the limitations of census data? • Should I use the Census Profile or the Local Migration Profile? • How is the data presented in this Census Profile? • What’s missing? • Can I share this information? Census information 1. Non-UK born residents by year of arrival 6 2. Non-UK born residents by age on arrival 10 3. Non-UK born residents by length of residence 14 4. Non-UK born residents by country / world region of birth 16 5. Minority ethnic residents 24 6. Non-UK passport holders 28 7. Residents without an exclusively UK-based identity 32 8. English as a main language in households 36 Further information and resources 40 Migration Yorkshire - Leeds 2011 Census Profile 2 Summary of the migration census picture for Leeds Just over 86 100 people resident in Leeds on census day were born outside the UK. Year and age of arrival [lower than the Yorkshire and Humber average of 1.6%] although India is at a similar level [Charts 2.3a and b]. • Just over 8000 people resident in Leeds arrived during 2010 and 2011; this equates to 9% of the non-UK born population Ethnicity [Charts C1.1a and b] • • Most non-UK born residents in Leeds arrived as children or ‘Asian’ continues to be the predominant minority ethnic group up to the age of 45. 20-24 years was the most common age – as it was in 2001 [Chart 3.1a] range in Leeds and like the regional average was selected by • The biggest growth in minority ethnic groups since the 2001 21% of current non-UK born residents as their age on arrival census depends on whether you look at absolute numbers or [Charts 1.2a and b]. the proportion of the population: • Almost 37 600 residents arrived over ten years ago, or 44% o ‘White other’ [i.e. not White British] rose by the greatest of non-UK born Leeds residents – just below the regional number [19 100 individuals: from 10 632 in 2001 to 29 773 average of 46% [Charts 1.3a and b] in 2011, or more than doubled from 1.5% of the population to 4%] Country of birth o ‘Chinese & other’ saw the biggest proportional increase [nearly a four-fold increase from 0.8% to 3.1%, but this • There are over three times as many residents in Leeds who represents a smaller number of people i.e. 17 400 more were born in a third country [outside the EU] than were born individuals, from 5975 to 23 419 people]. in the EU [77 200 compared to 20 300 respectively]; this o See Charts C3.1a and b for more information. difference is common across the Yorkshire and Humber region, but a little more pronounced in Leeds [Charts 2.1a Identity and language and b]. • 7% of the population does not consider themselves to have a • Asia is dominant among ten world regions of birth, followed UK-based identity, just above the average for the Yorkshire by the EU [Charts 2.2a and b]. In contrast, the EU is the most and Humber of 5% [Chart 3.3b] common passport type [Charts 3.2a and b – but note the • world regions are grouped differently here]; the difference In 92% of households, all adults have English as a main may reflect the fact that many Asian-born residents have language – almost the same as the regional average of 93%. British citizenship. In 5% of households nobody has English as a main language [Charts 3.4a and b]. • Pakistan is the most common country of birth for non-UK born residents and accounts for 1.2% of the whole population Migration Yorkshire - Leeds 2011 Census Profile 3 About this document What does the data in this document cover? This document presents elements of the 2011 census related to migration. The census did not ask people if they were a ‘migrant’; there’s no easy way to define or count the number of migrants as there are different views about who classes as a migrant. A common definition is that a migrant is someone who comes to the UK for more than a year. The census asked questions about things we might consider to describe certain migrant groups e.g. people who were not born in the UK or who do not have a UK passport. It also asked about things that reflect diversity and the long-term impact of migration on the population e.g. minority ethnic identity, or English as a main language. The information from these questions is presented in this document. The data collected concerned everyone present on census day, but short-term residents are excluded from published data. Therefore information here covers ‘usual residents’.1 How recent is the data? The Census describes a snapshot of the resident population on 27 March 2011. This document will not be updated as the Census only takes place every ten years. What are the limitations of census data? Like any data source, the census has limitations. They include: • The data provides a snapshot for 27 March 2011, so will not show any changes that have taken place since [such as new arrivals, leavers or people who have died] • It presents data about people who were not born in the UK but now live here; not all of these might be considered to be ‘migrants’ • Not every individual will have participated in the census, despite efforts • The data cannot be corrected to account for changed intentions e.g. ‘usual residents’ who believed they would stay more than a year may have since changed their plans and would now be classed as short term residents. 1 Usual residents are defined as. anyone who, on census day, was in the UK and had stayed or intended to stay in the UK for 12 months or more, or had a permanent UK address and was outside the UK for less than 12 months. Migration Yorkshire - Leeds 2011 Census Profile 4 Should I use the Census Profile or the Local Migration Profile? The census is great as a fairly comprehensive count of the resident ‘migrant’ population. However, it is a snapshot of what happened on a particular date, and is not updated for at least ten years, so does not capture subsequent change. For more recent data on migration in your area, read your Local Migration Profile [LMP]. The LMP collates different data that is more recent but counts / estimates new arrivals rather than the entire resident migrant population. See: www.migrationyorkshire.org.uk/statistics How is the data presented in this Census Profile? Each section provides charts and maps, followed by a narrative explanation to help with interpretation. The charts provide more comprehensive data, while each map gives an example of the geographical distribution of people featured in just one bar from a chart. The charts are shown in pairs; one gives the actual numbers in Leeds, and the next gives the information as a proportion [of all non-UK born residents or all residents] in Leeds to make it comparable with other areas in the region. What’s missing? This Census Profile is a selection of the data we think will be of most use to public services who need to know more about their migrant population. It is not exhaustive, does not show every possible variation and may not contain data most recently published. In particular: • This document shows overall data values for individual wards in Leeds. However, this masks any variation within that ward. • This document does not cross-reference different variables. For example, we do not provide data about residents who were born outside the EU and arrived during 2010-2011; we can only provide separate data firstly on all residents who were born outside the EU and secondly on all residents who arrived during 2010-2011. Can I share this information? All data in this document can be shared publicly. The original, raw data is publicly available from the Office for National Statistics [ONS]. It has been collated, interpreted and presented here by Migration Yorkshire. Please acknowledge any information you use. For example: • If you copy a statistic, chart or map from this document, we suggest you add: ‘Source: ONS, 2011 Census. Data/map/chart provided by Migration Yorkshire’ • If you quote the narrative description from this document, give the citation: ‘Migration Yorkshire [2014] Leeds 2011 Census Profile. Migration Yorkshire: Leeds.’ Migration Yorkshire - Leeds 2011 Census Profile 5 1. Non-UK born residents by year of arrival Charts C1.1a and 1.1b - Year of arrival C1.1a Year of arrival C1.1b Year of arrival (% of all born outside UK) 18,000 20% 16,000 18% 16% Leeds YH 14,000 14% 12,000 12% 10,000 10% 8,000 % of people 8% 6,000 Number of of Number people 6% 4,000 4% 2,000 2% - 0% 1941-1950 1951-1960 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2003 2004-2006 2007-2009 2010-2011 1941-1950 1951-1960 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2003 2004-2006 2007-2009 2010-2011 Before 1941 Before 1941 Year of arrival Year of arrival Sources: ONS Migration Yorkshire - Leeds 2011 Census Profile 6 Interpreting Charts C1.1a and 1.1b - Year of arrival [see previous two graphs] What do they show? Charts C1.1a and C1.1b show the year of arrival in the UK for current Leeds residents who were not born in the UK.