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Universidade Federal Da Bahia Universidade Estadual De Feira De Santana Mestrado Em Ensino, Filosofia E História Das Ciências

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Universidade Federal Da Bahia Universidade Estadual De Feira De Santana Mestrado Em Ensino, Filosofia E História Das Ciências UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE FEIRA DE SANTANA MESTRADO EM ENSINO, FILOSOFIA E HISTÓRIA DAS CIÊNCIAS DIOGO FRANCO RIOS MEMÓRIA E HISTÓRIA DA MATEMÁTICA NO BRASIL: A SAÍDA DE LEOPOLDO NACHBIN DO IMPA Feira de Santana 2008 1 DIOGO FRANCO RIOS MEMÓRIA E HISTÓRIA DA MATEMÁTICA NO BRASIL: A SAÍDA DE LEOPOLDO NACHBIN DO IMPA Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal da Bahia e à Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. André Luis Mattedi Dias, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino, Filosofia e História das Ciências. Feira de Santana 2008 2 DIOGO FRANCO RIOS MEMÓRIA E HISTÓRIA DA MATEMÁTICA NO BRASIL: A SAÍDA DE LEOPOLDO NACHBIN DO IMPA Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal da Bahia e à Unive rsidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. André Luis Mattedi Dias, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino, Filosofia e História das Ciências. Feira de Santana, 28 de julho de 2008. BANCA EXAMINADORA ______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. André Luis Mattedi Dias Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Orientador ______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Olival Freire Junior Universidade Federal da Bahia ______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Carlos Roberto Vianna Universidade Federal do Paraná 3 À minha mãe, Ester, pela força do amor que nos dedica. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS É sempre muito importante saber reconhecer o valor daqueles que fazem parte de nossa vida, sem os quais certamente esta não seria repleta de tanta cor e alegria e nós também jamais poderíamos nos sentir plenamente realizados e felizes. Devo grande parte do que sou e consigo realizar àqueles que convivem comigo e me ajudam a suportar meus próprios defeitos e a enxergar em tudo aquilo que passo a presença de Deus e de sua misericórdia. Para a realização deste trabalho e do próprio mestrado em si, muitas pessoas foram importantes e contribuíram direta ou indiretamente para que eu conseguisse cumprir toda a trajetória até aqui. Muito obrigado a todos. Contudo, gostaria de registrar um agradecimento especial: • ao professor André Luis Mattedi Dias, pela amizade, confiança e orientação que me acompanham desde a iniciação científica, além das valiosas intervenções que foram imprescindíveis para o desenvolvimento deste e de outros trabalhos; • aos professores do PPGEFHC, em especial a Amilcar Baiardi, Charbel Niño El-Hani e Olival Freire Junior, pela dedicação, excelência e incentivo; • aos professores Tania Maria Dias Fernandes e Olival Freire Junior, que participando da qualificação ajudaram a definir os rumos deste trabalho; • ao Sr. Orlando e Edson pela colaboração para o funcionamento do Programa, na UFBA e na UEFS; • aos funcionários do Departamento de Ciências Exatas - DEXA e dos demais setores administrativos da UEFS pela constante disponibilidade em ajudar, especialmente às bibliotecárias e funcionários da Biblioteca Central Julieta Carteado; • a Roberto Ribeiro Baldino e Luiz Adauto da Justa Medeiros, que deram suas contribuições diretas para a pesquisa; • à FAPESB pelo auxílio através da bolsa; • aos colegas do PPGEFHC, pela amizade e solidariedade, especialmente a Adriana - 5 Cajuína, Carlos Patrocínio - Patrox, Cleidson - Professor Pardal, Inês - Tia Iná, Ivoneide, Izaura - Izaurita, Jan Carlos - Playmobil Adventure, Januária - Miseravona, Janúzia - Galega Foguenta, Marcelo, Marluce - Malu e Renata - Cavalo de Fogo. Conviver com vocês foi uma honra e um prazer. • às meninas do grupo de pesquisa “História das Ciências no Brasil com ênfase na Bahia”, especialmente Januária e Mariana, que, com muita boa vontade, fizeram leituras e deram sugestões contribuindo para a escrita deste trabalho; • a Gilmário e Janúzia, carinho e cumplicidade definem essas pessoas tão importantes para mim; • à minha família, pela carinho, generosidade e compreensão nas minhas freqüentes ausências física e mental. A vocês, devo muito – o que tenho de melhor. Registrar agradecimentos é uma prática de memória; é celebrar o que vivemos e que gostaríamos que se mantivesse preservado de algum modo. Intimamente serei sempre muito grato pela oportunidade de compartilhar minha vida e desafios com vocês, mas precisava tentar, mesmo que timidamente, reter nessas páginas o meu muito obrigado a cada um. 6 RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o processo de construção da memória da matemática no Brasil com base na identificação das lembranças, dos silêncios, das disputas e dos conflitos entre as memórias de seus personagens. Para tanto, foi escolhido o processo de afastamento de Leopoldo Nachbin e do grupo que liderava no Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada no início da década de 1970. Inicialmente, realizamos um estudo aprofundado e sistematizado sobre as relações entre história e memória, já bastante trabalhadas no âmbito da teoria da história, das quais se estabelecem aspectos fundamentais para a realização dessa pesquisa, a exemplo dos mecanismos sociais de manipulação da memória, como as celebrações e outras práticas utilizadas pelos grupos para interferir na consolidação da memória coletiva. Em seguida, apresentamos a implantação e consolidação das atividades científicas realizadas no IMPA a partir de 1952 como parte de um projeto maior de institucionalização de novos padrões científicos no Brasil, iniciado em 1930 com a fundação da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da USP. Nessa seção, percorremos ainda os vinte primeiros anos de atividades do Instituto, culminando com a saída de Leopoldo Nachbin em 1971. A partir daí, buscamos identificar, de um lado, a memória do grupo que se manteve no IMPA, assumindo o controle institucional nos últimos trinta anos e, de outro, as memórias dos dissidentes, que não encontram tribuna nos espaços institucionalmente constituídos pelo IMPA para suas práticas de memória e a apresentação de suas versões alternativas acerca do referido processo. Apontar a heterogeneidade dessas memórias teve como objetivo questionar a cristalização com que a versão oficial tenta se estruturar, assumindo status de representação da memória coletiva organizada e estável, ocultando a existência de versões opostas e contraditórias na narrativa do passado da corporação. Palavras-chave: Memória/História; História da matemática no Brasil; IMPA. 7 ABSTRACT This survey aimed to examine the process of building the memory of mathematics in Brazil, based on the identification of memories, of silences, of disputes and conflicts between the memories of their characters. For both, was chosen the process of removal of Leopold Nachbin and group leader at the National Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics at the beginning of the decade of 1970. Initially we conducted a thorough and systematic study on the relationship between history and memory, already worked under the theory of history, of which establishes the fundamental aspects for the purposes of research, such as the social mechanisms of handling memory, as the celebrations and other practices used by groups to interfere in the consolidation of collective memory. Then present the implantation and consolidation of scientific activities carried out at IMPA from 1952 as part of a larger project of institucionalization of new scientific standards in Brazil, started in 1930 with the foundation of Faculty Philosophy, Science and Letters of USP. In this section, we go along the twenty first years of activities of the Institute, culminating with the departure of Leopoldo Nachbin in 1971. From then seek to identify on the one hand memory of the group which remained at IMPA, assuming the institutional control in the last thirty years and on the other hand, the memories of dissidents who didn’t find rostrum in the spaces institutionally formed by the IMPA for its practices of memory and presentation of their versions about alternatives to that process. Point the heterogeneity of these memories had aimed to question the crystallization that the official version tries to structure itself assuming status of the collective memory representation, organized and stable, concealing the existence of conflicting and contradictory versions in the narrative of the past’s corporation. Key-words: Memory/History; History of mathematics in Brazil; IMPA. 8 SIGLAS UTILIZADAS ABC – Associação Brasileira de Ciências CBPF – Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas. CNPq – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico COPPE – Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-graduação e Pesquisas em Engenharia CTC – Conselho Técnico Científico ELAM – Escola Latino Americana de Matemática ENE – Escola Nacional de Engenharia FFCL – Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras FNFi – Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia GrITEE – Grupo de pesquisa em Inovação Tecnológica para Educação em Engenharia ICM – Instituto Central de Matemática IMPA – Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada MEC – Ministério da Educação e do Desporto OEA – Organização dos Estados Americanos PUC – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro SNI – Serviço Nacional de Informação UB – Universidade do Brasil UFC – Universidade Federal do Ceará UFG – Universidade Federal de Goiás UFRGS – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul UFRJ – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro UnB – Universidade de Brasília UNICAMP – Universidade Estadual de Campinas USP – Universidade de São Paulo 9 SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ..........................................................................................................................10
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