Life PIONEERScience EDITION

ON YOUR OWN

AnimalsAnimalso ff DenaliDenali

By Susan E. Goodman Life EDITION Science

PIONEER It’s Time to Explore on Your Own!

Good readers use multiple strategies as they read on their own. Use the four key reading comprehension strategies below:

Preview and 1 predict • Look over the text. • Form ideas about how the text is organized and what it says. • Confirm ideas about how the text is organized and what it says.

monitor and 2 fix up • Think about whether the text is making sense and how it relates to what you know. • Identify comprehension problems and clear up the problems.

make 3 inferences • Use what you know to figure out what is not said or shown directly.

sum 4 up • Pull together the text’s big ideas.

Remember that you can choose different strategies at different times to help you understand what you are reading. Animalso ff DenaliDenali Pioneer Edition

By Susan E. Goodman

Contents

2 Animals of Denali

8 The Making of a Park

12 Concept Check AnimalsAnimals Denali National Park in Alaska is a harsh land. It’s too cold oo ff for most people. But for many plants and animals, Denali is a paradise. 2 DenaliDenali A brown bear and her cub

Red fox

AnimalsAnimalsoo ff Caribou

Great By Susan E. Goodman horned owl

DenaliDenali 3 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< struggled in the cold. the in struggled animals Other winter. harsh long, Alaska’s through slept sleep. her in them to birth gave She her. follow cubs long. winter all sleeping been has She clumsy. and slow is She den. her of A square miles) of land for hunting. for land of miles) square (150 kilometers square 389 uses wolves of pack single a example, For land. the covers Snow day. each sunlight of hours five or four only are There cold. very is Winter trees. no has tundra The shrubs. and grasses with land open is It tundra. Alaska. of wildlife and land the protect to made was It 1917. in created was park The land. the cover ice of sheets places, some In forests. thick and mountains tall has Park National Denali Winter Harsh 4 The bears are lucky. They lucky. are bears The Her alone. not is bear The <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<grizzly bear walks out walks bear grizzly

homes. They sleep until spring. until sleep They homes. underground or dens, their in stay They eat. not do They sleep. winter deep a into go They hibernate. snow. deep the in find to hard is Butstaying do. alive notiseasy. Food wolves and Moose Denali. in winter spend animals of kinds few a Only Behind Staying tundra. pack. a form usually pups and Parents packs. in travel often wolves Gray Animal. Pack Some animals, such as bears, as such animals, Some below below Caribou migrate across the across migrate Caribou :

right owls hunt at night. at hunt owls : They winter. the for leave animals Many Move the On and animals. and plants many do So Denali. to return ground. wet or icy across walk them help hooves flat Their tundra. the across miles many travel They winter. each find. to easier much is Food there. warmer is weather The In spring, warmer temperatures warmer spring, In migrate reindeer, or Caribou, , or travel, south. south. travel, or migrate, 5 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< animals that eat other animals. other eat that animals from hide it helps fur hare’s The ground. the with in blends It fur. brown grows hare the spring, the In snow. the in see to hard was fur White winter. in coat color. change even Some coats. winter their shed Animals ground. the cover Flowers alive. comes tundra The returns. weather Warm spring. into changes winter Denali’s months, many After Blossoms Spring week from bug bites! bug from week each blood lotof a lose can caribou A else. anywhere than here live mosquitoes more fact, In insects. hares. and mice as such animals, eat They hunt. to sky the from down swoop Owls blueberries. and roots on snack bears Grizzly plants. eat caribou and homes. winter their from back come caribou of Herds world. the over all from in fly Birds animals. with fills tundra the summer, In Visitors Summer 6 The snowshoe hare had a white a had hare snowshoe The <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< many brings also Summer Moose find. to easier is Food , or predators, (20,000 miles)(20,000away. 32,187than more is kilometersThat Antarctica. to migrates bird This go. forests. the to back go Caribou homes. winter their to head They leave. to week. each pounds many gain They lot. a eating— start Grizzlies coats. thicker grow sheep Dall winter. for ready get Animals cooler. get to begin days summer, of end the At Chill Big The The arctic tern has much farther to farther much has tern arctic The tundra’sThesummervisitors start tundra will start again. start will tundra the on life of cycle The return. will spring day one but ahead, lies winter hard A lifeless. and still seems tundra winter. the through sleep will They dens. their inside crawl will they find. to harder much is Food falls. Snow again. cold is weather the November, By Freeze Deep Snow covers the ground. The ground. the covers Snow Soon eating. stop bears Grizzly

mountains in Denali. in mountains Park. national Denali in McKinley Mount off snow blows Wind Point. High cold, treeless plain treeless cold, tundra: animals other eats that animal predator: move to migrate: winter during deeply sleep to hibernate: Wordwise above

right Dall sheep live on live sheep Dall : 7 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< TheThe MakingMakingo ff aPark

Alone in the Snow. Denali national Park is a perfect place to enjoy nature. Yet it took many people to protect this land.

8 A laska is not the easiest place to live. During winter, it is freezing cold. Food is scarce and hard to find. Yet many animals thrive in Alaska’s wilderness. They are free to roam from place to place. Denali National Park was made to protect this wild land.

Landing on Water. Parts of Alaska have few roads. so people often use seaplanes to travel through the state.

9 making the park was not easy. not was park the making Yet Alaska. in one another have to hoped Sheldon parks. national few land. wild a in wildlife see could They visit. could People free. and wild live could Animals park. a of dreamed Sheldon Charles dream. man’s one as started It Alaska. in park national first the was Denali acres). million (6 hectares million 2.4 than more covers It States. United the in parks largest the of one is Park National Denali Park a of Dreaming Alaska’s land. Alaska’s save to wanted also People Alaska. in animals the protect to park a wanted They idea. Sheldon’s liked life. of way their lose might They jobs. their them cost might park the that worried people These living. a for animals hunted people Other lead. and copper, land. the needed people Many idea. Sheldon’s liked everyone Not Land Over Struggle 10 At the time, there were only a only were there time, the At named man a 1900s, early the In <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< people other many However, silver, gold, for dug Miners in Denali all year. all Denali in lives hare snowshoe this out. Hiding enjoy nature. enjoy hikers let that trails many has Denali Haven. Hiking miles in the park. the in miles for roam can animals other and Caribou wildlife. for land of area large a protects Denali Land. Wild had a new national park. national new a had country the Soon listened. Congress Congress. to wrote They action. park. a without off killed be would animals many that said It Denali. about article an printed magazine Geographic National 1917, In Park the for People People across the country took country the across People and for people too. people for and animals— for place a is Denali true. came dream His today. Denali see to size! original its times four is park the Now added. were acres of millions 1980, In grown. has Park National Denali time, Over Better and Bigger Charles Sheldon would be happy be would Sheldon Charles 11 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< c he k

Con c ept Life in Denali It’s time to discover how much you’ve learned about Denali.

1 What is winter like in Denali?

2 Why do some animals migrate?

3 What changes take place in Denali as spring arrives?

4 How did Charles Sheldon help create Denali National Park?

5 Why did people disagree about making Denali National Park? Acknowledgments Grateful acknowledgment is given to the authors, artists, photographers, museums, publishers, and agents for permission to reprint copyrighted material. Every effort has been made to secure the appropriate permission. If any omissions Index have been made or if corrections are required, please contact the Publisher. Photographic Credits bear 2–7 Cover Patrick J. Endres/Alaska Photographics; 2-3 Michael DeYoung/ alaskastock.com; 3 Steve Kaufman/Corbis; 3 Dorothy Keeler/accentalaska.com; 3 Franz Camenzind/Getty Images; 4 Daniel J. Cox/Getty Images; caribou 3–6, 11 4-5 Patrick J. Endres/alaskaphotographics.com; 5 Alissa Crandall/Corbis; 6-7 Chris Noble/Getty Images; 7 Pat Costello/accentalaksa.com; 8-9 Tim Dall sheep 6–7 Laman/National Geographic Image Collection; 9 Jeff Schultz/Alaska Stock; 10 Photodisc; 10 Joel Sartore/National Geographic Image Collection; hibernate 5, 7 11 Howie Garber/Wanderlust Images; 12 Digital Vision. Illustrator Credits migrate 5–7, 12 4 NG Maps

Neither the Publisher nor the authors shall be liable for any damage that may moose 5–6 be caused or sustained or result from conducting any of the activities in this publication without specifically following instructions, undertaking the activities mosquito 6 without proper supervision, or failing to comply with the cautions contained herein. owl 3, 5–6 Program Authors Randy Bell, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Science Education, University of predator 6–7 Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Malcolm B. Butler, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Science Education, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida; Kathy Sheldon, Charles 10 –12 Cabe Trundle, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Early Childhood Science Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Judith Sweeney Lederman, Ph.D., Director of Teacher Education and Associate Professor of Science Education, snowshoe hare 6, 10 Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois; David W. Moore, Ph.D., Professor of Education, College of tundra 4–7 Teacher Education and Leadership, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona The National Geographic Society wolf 4–5 John M. Fahey, Jr., President & Chief Executive Officer Gilbert M. Grosvenor, Chairman of the Board

Copyright © 2011 The Hampton-Brown Company, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the National Geographic Society, publishing under the imprints National Geographic School Publishing and Hampton-Brown.

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National Geographic School Publishing Hampton-Brown www.NGSP.com

Printed in the USA. RR Donnelley, Johnson City, TN

ISBN-13: 978-0-7362-7712-9

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