FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

P. O. BOX 1, KYAMBOGO – ,

Website: www.kyu.ac.ug

DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Change Project Title: Gender-based perspectives on milk safety among smallholder farmers around Lake Mburo National park, Uganda.

INSTITUTIONS AND PROJECT TEAM Training Institutions National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden & Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Implementing Institution ( Department of Development Studies) Duration of the Project 12 Months Advisory Team 1. Associate, Professor Sofia Boqvist, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 2. Dr. Elizabeth Kyazike, Kyambogo University(KYU)

Steering Team 1. Ms. Asiimwe Florence(KYU) 2. Ms. Mbambu Jackline (KYU) 3. Mr. Natamba Shadrach(KYU) Project Coordinator: Judith Irene Nagasha (KYU) Email: [email protected] [email protected] Tel: +256 782 321113

1.0 Introduction

Agriculture is the backbone of the poor in developing countries (FAO, 2012). Majority (over 75%) rural small holder farmers primarily depend on agriculture for their livelihoods (Kembe & Omundi, 2016, FAO, 2008, Gollin, 2010). Milk and dairy production are crucial for the daily food security of rural families throughout the world (Katothya, 2017, Kimaro, 2016). Uganda’s rural local communities where most milk (80%) is produced lack knowledge on how to protect milk from contamination (Mwesigwa et al., 2009).

Uganda’s dairy’s development authority acknowledges that the biggest challenges facing the industry are those associated with poor milk quality and pronounced seasonality of milk production. This is because Livestock especially cattle and goats are raised under unhygienic environments which predispose them to zoonotic soil and water borne-diseases. Locally, milk is produced and processed under unhygienic conditions for home consumption and for sale along the road transport highways Delia et al (2015). Milk from farmers is transported in unhygienic conditions and poorly cleaned containers to the collection centers. Consequently, gender and value chain research has shown that men and women often face different barriers to participating in value chains that stem from gender-based differences in social norms and access to assets such as land, financial capital, social capital, information, and education (Quisumbing et al. 2015 & Delia, 2015). These differences lead to processes of milk production, processing, sale, preparation, and consumption of milk products that are highly gendered, with men and women occupying diverse but often segregated or complementary roles along the value chain. Women play a significant role in activities related to animal husbandry and dairy production, but their participation is commonly concentrated at the handling level, in less profitable activities than those of men (Spring 2014; Katothya, 2017).

In most developing countries particularly in poor countries such as Uganda, there is lack of gender specific data related to the practices of quality milk production and safety. There is also limited information on how gendered participation in value chains guarantees milk safety to avoid health risks. Gender approaches to milk safety remain limited within the wider food safety literature (FAO, 2018; Katothya, 2017). On the other hand, providing useful frameworks for gender analysis, has not yet fully addressed gendered dimensions on good practices regarding milk safety within the production chain. This study was carried out to assess gender-based

perspectives on milk safety among smallholder farmers in Kiruhura district among communities surrounding Lake Mburo Nation Park, Uganda. The study was underpinned by intra household decision making process theories; suggest two models that work with in a household namely; unitary and bargaining models. (Mader and Schnecbaum, 2013). This will enable the study to argue from livelihoods approach (Ransom et al., 2017; Kristjanson et al., 2010)” which has practical interventions that are closely interlinked; helping women secure, build and safeguard their assets, helping women increase and sustain their livestock productivity, and helping women participate in and benefit from production and marketing of safe livestock food products in Kiruhura district.

1.1 Kyambogo University

Kyambogo University is a public university in Uganda. It is one of the eight public universities and degree-awarding institutions in the country. The Vice Chancellor’s vision for the University is “to transform Kyambogo University into a truly international, research active institution with better qualified staff, adequate facilities and ICT infrastructure, producing high quality, relevant and skilled graduate”. In relation to the university commitment to research development and innovation, this project will undertake a research based approach that works towards contributing to the above vision. In addition, the university policy highly regards gender inclusiveness and therefore works towards advocating for equal opportunities for both men and women in the development arena. In relation to this therefore, the project aims towards promoting gender based practices in ensuring the safety of milk production and reduction of health risks among smallholder farmers who play an important role in the value chain.

2.0 Description of the Project:

Uganda’s informal market sector serves as a conduit for about 70 percent of the milk marketed. The rural local communities where most milk (80%) is produced lack knowledge on how to protect milk from contamination. Uganda’s dairy’s development authority acknowledges that the biggest challenges facing the industry are those associated with poor milk quality and pronounced seasonality of milk production. According to Uganda’s annual June celebration (Dairy month), the theme for 2018 was under the theme “Gender Inclusion for wealth and health in milk production and consumption. The theme is to acknowledge women’s significant contribution to the dairy sub sector in particular and agricultural in general to food security and the country’s GDP. Therefore, this project will adopt a gender approach in order to realize goal 5 of the SDGs.

Livestock keepers around Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP) are pastoralists, ranchers and smallholder farmers. Livestock especially cattle and goats are raised under unhygienic environments which predispose them to zoonotic soil and water borne-diseases. Locally, milk is produced and processed under unhygienic conditions for home consumption and for sale along the road transport highways. Milk from farmers is transported in unhygienic conditions and poorly cleaned containers to the collection centers. Women are usually preoccupied in preparation of dairy products especially milk and ghee for sale and home consumption. Men and women roles in ensuring safety in production and handling of livestock food products along the value chain differ. Consequently their knowledge, attitudes and practices towards production of safe milk differ and need to be known. This knowledge is crucial in designing comprehensive gender-based inclusive measures to promote safety milk during production and handling along the value chain.

3.0 Nature of communities around LMNP

The project was implemented in Kiruhura district in western Uganda. The project was carried out in Nyabushozi County in Kiruhura district. Communities surrounding Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP) have experienced frequent severe droughts (Ocaido et al., 2009 which threaten their livelihoods and sustainable management of this park. There are two main Banyankole sub-ethnic groups that are predominant in the area around the national park, namely the Bairu (about 45% of the population) who are mainly cultivators and agro-pastoralists, and the Bahima (about 23% of the population), who are mainly herdsmen and have adopted to agro-pastoralism.

4.0 Problem Statement/Need for Change Project:

Livestock sector in Uganda is one of the highly regarded sub sectors of agriculture that is curial for realizing development especially in rural areas. It’s highly dominated by smallholder farmers who derive their livelihoods from the value chain processes in the production process. Women in particular play important roles in livestock production, processing, and livestock product retail (Herrero et al., 2013). However, major concerns about the safety of livestock products to the health of the consumers is due to poor handling techniques in the value production chain that partly come as a result of lack of training about good and safe practices for both men and women within the livestock industry. In addition Poor hygiene poses great health risks to the production and consumption especially of milk products. Delia et al (2015) acknowledge that foodborne diseases remain a major public problem and an important route for transmission, milk being one of the riskiest products.

Uganda also lacks an effective gender based food safety policy and food-borne disease surveillance system that could promote the production of safe milk. Women’s involvement in raising livestock especially the large stock and their roles in control and decision making at household level is lacking due to socio-cultural challenges. There is also no gender approach that has been attempted to educate the local communities on methods of producing safe milk at household level among communities surrounding Lake Mburo National Park.

5.0 Aim of the project

The project aims to improve the quality of milk production through capacity building (Men and Women) on the importance of quality/clean milk. This will be achieved through addressing the huge challenges limiting the production of safe milk among communities surrounding LMNP using a gender centered adaptive community based program to educate producers(men and women) and actors(men and women) along the value chain of food animals on how to produce safe milk.

6.0 Intervention

The project employed a “livelihoods approach” which has practical interventions that are closely interlinked; helping women secure, build and safeguard their assets, helping women increase and sustain their livestock productivity, and helping women participate in and benefit from production and marketing of safe livestock food products. It mainly focused on local people involved in milk production around Lake Mburo national Park area specifically pastoralists, ranch owners and all involved in the value chain of milk production. The project undertook a participatory situation analysis to establish and document information about the local value chain practices undertaken and challenges with specific emphasis on gender roles and responsibilities. It involved mapping the value chain, identifying common practices by the indigenous people and identifying men’s and women’s participation throughout the value chain. The projects also reviewed documents and consult relevant stakeholders within the livestock industry to document the policy interventions, regulations and safely measures in regard to milk production. All information obtained was used to design, develop and publish a gender based manual documenting good practices for safe milk production that will be adopted by livestock farmers and producers around lake Mburo areas through practical training and capacity building sessions.

7.0 Goal

The overall goal was to contribute towards improving the safety of milk production and ensuring its health to human consumption.

7.1 Specific objectives

1. Obtain information and Document the milk safety practices practiced during production, handling and marketing of milk of livestock origin around LMNP, Identifying gender based limitations to safe milk production from farm to cup

2. Design and develop a gender based training manual to address the gender gaps limiting the production of safe milk of livestock origin

3. Implement the training manual through capacity building of those involved in the value chain of milk production

8.0 Key activities

8.1 Specific Objective 1: Obtain information and Document the milk safety practices practiced during production, handling and marketing of milk of livestock origin around LMNP, Identifying gender based limitations to safe milk production from farm to cup Activity 1: Identification, introduction and mobilization of relevant local stakeholders around Lake Mburo areas. Activity 2: Conducting research to obtain information about the milk handling practices by the local livestock farmers, and all those involved in the value chain of milk production

Activity 3: Documenting practices by the steering team

Activity 4: Consultations with other key stakeholders in the livestock industry to include stakeholders from the Uganda Dairy Development authority,

Activity 5: Interacting and reporting to the advisory team

8.2 Specific Objective 2: Design and develop a gender based training manual to address the gender gaps limiting the production of safe milk of livestock origin

Activity1: Analyzing information & preparing synthesis of good milk safety practices and documenting the draft manual. Steering team will analyze the information and document best practices in proving good practices for milk safety by planners, men and women who are in livestock production

Activity 2: Pre-testing the manual with selected representatives of men and women in the milk production value chain

Activity 3: Final Documentation of the gender based training manual on good and safe practices for milk production

Activity 4: Interacting and reporting to the advising team

8.3 Specific Objective 3: Implement the training manual through capacity building of those involved in the value chain of milk production

Activity1: Mobilizing the small scale livestock farmers for the training Activity 2: Conducting trainings based on the developed Manual Activity 3: Conduct follow up activities to monitor the progress on whether the livestock farmers and those involved in value chain are adopting to good practices and safe milk production, give guidance and document the progress on what was learnt in the training Activity 4: Conduct an evaluation exercise to assess whether the intended project goals and objectives were achieved, identifying gaps and opportunities for further research

Activity 5: Conduct a stakeholders meeting to share project findings, experiences and key lessons learnt from the project

Activity 7: Interacting and reporting to the advising team

8.4 Key Outputs

1. Training manual on gender based good food safety practices along the value chain for production, handling and marketing of safe milk designed, produced and published 2. Capacity of 150 people built in safe practices in milk production

9.0 Scope of the Work 9.1 Phase One activities Phase one of the assignment involved the following:

9.1.1 Activity 1: Establishing information on the challenges and effects of unsafe milk during production, processing and Marketing and the ongoing milk production practices that have been implemented to respond to the challenge of unsafe milk, both within and outside Uganda (East African region).

The steering team (Department of Development studies) reviewed documents and consulted stakeholders on challenges of milk production at production, processing and marketing Level in Uganda. This was reviewed from a gender perspective.

Further, the steering team documented the milk safety practices and mechanisms that have been employed by livestock keeper at production, processing and marketing.

Practices and mechanisms included policy and planning considerations; government practices and interventions, milk technology development and use of chemicals in ensuring hygienic handling of milk.

The steering team also documented practices from value chain players (processors, produce dealers, milk collection centers, dairy farmers cooperatives, vendors etc.), and financial institutions with the view to capture their responses to challenge faced by milk producers (men and women) and planners are faced with.

9.1.2 Activity 2: Analyzing information and preparing synthesis of good milk safety practices among communities around LMNP.

Using the information generated under activity #1 as proposed above, the steering team analyzed the information and document best practices in proving good practices for milk safety by planners, men and women who are in livestock production.

The over-all aim was to identify good milk practices that are relevant and affordable in targeted districts taking into account the forms of milk practices in these communities. Through this process, the steering team designed strategies that can assist planners, milk producers (men and women) and dealers in milk (at milk collection centers) to embrace sustainable milk production and safety in order to attain SDGs, 2,3&5.

9.1.3 Activity 3: Designing the Manual documenting good milk practices of indigenous and other suitable practices for safe milk production.

The steering team utilized the information from the above two steps to design a Manual that would address the following key information and capacity requirements, among other information: a. Description of the challenges of milk production and safety of food from production, processing and handling along the value chain. b. Responses to these challenges and lesson c. Employing a livelihoods approach which has practical interventions that are closely interlinked using a gender perspective d. Capacity needs for achieving better good practices and safe milk, including planning capacities. e. Tools for in employing the good practices f. Manual implementation requirements and process.

9.2 Phase Two activities Note: The project Implementation is at this stage. A draft manual is already written, which will be pretested next week. Phase two of the assignment involved the following:

a. Pre-testing the Manual: The steering team will organize and convene pretesting session in each of the targeted sub counties in Kiruhura district, provide in training and pre-testing the applicability of the Manual. The over-all aim is to ensure that the Manual is understood, relevant to the needs of milk producers (men and women) and is practical. b. Training: The steering team will use this manual to train farmers.

9.2.1 Sources of Information Information to inform the development of the Manual will be obtained from literature (reviewing documents) and stakeholder views (through consultations).

9.2.3 Consultations with Stakeholders

The following stakeholders were targeted and consulted:

a. Ministry of agriculture, animal industry and fisheries (Planning Department) b. Uganda Diary Development Authority c. Kyambogo University (directorate of gender and department of Agriculture) d. University (college of veterinary medicine) e. National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO- - Regional Branch) f. Dealers in agro-inputs (UNADA) g. Farmer Support Organizations (represented by Uganda Farmers Association)

10.0 Methods and Materials

The study was conducted among communities surrounding Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP), in greater Sanga Sub-county in Kiruhura. Sanga is immediately outside the northern borders of Lake Mburo National Park LMNP is a small park of about 260 square Km which lies in the cattle corridor stretching from Northern Tanzania in the south, to the south western shores of Lake Kyoga, and on to Karamoja in the north east of Uganda (Ocaido et al., 2009). The study area has a bimodal, pattern of rainfall. The average annual rainfall total is about 750-800 mm. The shorter rains fall between March to May, and the long rains from mid-September to early December. Normally short dry seasons occurred from late December to February and the long dry season from late May to September (Bandore 2003, UWA, 2015). It has an altitude of 1, 220m-1,828m above sea level. The economies of Kiruhura depend mainly on livestock production (Nagasha et al., 2019).

A cross-sectional study was done in Sanga Sub- County in four parishes namely: Nombe 1, Rwabarata, Nombe 11 and Rwakobo representing mixed crop and cattle production system with small herds represented by Rwbarata and Rwakobo, medium herds, represented by Nombe 1 and large herds, represented by Nombe11.

A reconnaissance survey was done as a preparatory phase, and it involved visiting the study area to get relevant information to guide the designing of the cross-sectional survey and to sensitize relevant stakeholders about the upcoming research activities. It involved the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative approach used participatory methods mainly Key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative methods used in-person survey directly administered to selected men and women in a household. For purposes of obtaining a representative sample, the sampling frame was stratified into two strata of men and women and from each stratum, simple random sampling was used to select a man or a woman for each household ( Kothari, 2004). Focused group discussions and key informants were aided by a check list of questions. Four focus group discussions were held with farmers in each study site. These were stratified into 2 women groups and 2 men groups. A minimum of 8 participants for each focus group discussion was held. All proceedings of the FGDs were recorded for transcription and analysis. This was used after informing participants why there was need to record their voices. Key informants interviews were conducted with the District livestock Officer, Sang Sub county Livestock Officer, Sanga Health center 4 public health officers, Community Development Officer LMNP, 4 farmers and 4 cooperative managers. The interview guides for both FGDs and Key informants were pretested prior the study in order to determine systematic problems in the questions and improve the guide by revising the identified error (Creswell, 2013). The selection was made based on the position, knowledge of milk production and safety, history of the study area and other required information. An average of 45 minutes was spent with each FGD and a key informant.

A questionnaire was administered to respondents in villages selected for the study as previously described. A minimum sample size of 170 households was determined using equation used by Dohoo et al. (2003). n = Z2 PQ

D2

Where n = minimum sample size.

Z = 1.96 at 95% confidence interval

P = Estimated percentage prevalence of 50%

Q = 100-P

D= acceptable error of 5. However, to increase the precision, questionnaires were administered to 180 households. Data was collected using participatory methods as described by Tadevosyan and Schoenhuth, (1997). FGDs were held with men and women using a checklist of questions. In-depth interviews with purposively selected key informants were conducted. The discussions and interviews were recorded using a tape recorder. A detailed structured questionnaire was used to verify in detail the information given by participatory studies. The discussions and a detailed questionnaire were administered to capture the following information: household gender characteristics, cattle herd gender based ownership, milk safety practices practiced, production of milk, milking handling during production, transportation and marketing; challenges faced by men and women throughout the value chain. The magnitude of changes of the roles were ranked on a four point likert scale questions of 1= strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3= Not Sure, 4= Agree and 5=Strongly Agree applied their response for men and women on the gender based limitations to safe milk production. Qualitative data was subjected to interpretation through the systematic classification process of coding and identifying themes using MaxQDA 2018 software. This means that qualitative data was be broken down into smallest meaningful units of information with respect to the objectives of the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013 into descriptive statistics. Gender differences on safety practices were determined using Odds ratio and Chi-square test.

PARTICIPANTS AND STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS

Stakeholder’s List A Gender-Based training manual for small holder milk producers in Great Sanga Sub- county, Kiruhura District

Result of analysis Planned management Stakehol Categ Need/require Prior Strategy Implementation/Actio Person der ory ment ity n plan resp. Project 1 Sensitization High Involve Sensitize, invite and Nagasha Coordina Meeting evaluate tor Steering Sensitization High Involve Data collection and Nagasha/J Team Meeting training manual ackie, implementation Asiimwe & Shadrack Kyambog 1 Fund High Involve Funding Nagasha o Implementing Universit Phase y Project 1 Technical High Involve Monitor the progress of Bosqvsit/K Advisors Guidance the Project yazike Sub 1 Selecting High Involve Introducing steering Sanga county study sites team to farmers & Subcouty governm and cooperative managers livestock ent identifying of officers farmers of cooperatives Dairy 2 Participacition High Commun Sensitization/capacity Nagasha farmers of FGDs icate building /steering committee Consume 4 Invitation Low Inform Sensitize Nagasha rs Notices /steering committee Traders 2 Meeting Low inform Sensitize Nagasha /steering committee Local 3 Meeting Medi Inform Sensitize Nagasha politician um /steering s committee County 1 Meeting High Involve Sensitize and involve Nagasha Governm /steering ent committee DDA 3 Meeting High Involve Inform and involve Nagasha /steering committee Consultat 1 Meetin high Involve Inform and involve Nagasha ions( g /steering experts) committee

2. High Interest, Low Influence 1. High Interest, High Influence • Farmers • Project coordinator • Consumers • Steering team • Traders • Project advisors

• Sub county government(Livestock offices) • Cooperative Staff( Management) • Diary Development Authority • Kyambogo University • Consultations( Experts)

4. Low Interest, Low Influence 3.Low Interest, High Influence • Dairy product consumers. • Politicians • Vendors • Diary Development Authority

11.0 Results Work is still under progress as shown in the attached Appendix II. This will be backed up by qualitative data for the final journal article.

12.0 Implementation Agencies

The project is being implemented by the Department of Development Studies, Kyambogo Univeristy in partnership with National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala Sweden. Kyambogo University facilitated the implementation of the project for 12 months. SVA trained the project coordinator at Uppsala, Sweden and attached a project advisor from Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences to the project. SVA advisor and Kyambogo University advisor are monitoring the project’s implementation regularly. The project coordinator and steering team spend 16 hours on the project per months with an exception of the field work days. The steering team is comprised of 4 lecturers for the department of Development Studies, including the project coordinator. 13.0 Planning and monitoring

The Project will have a monitoring and evaluation team from SVA, with the SLU advisor and KYU advisor. They will develop the monitoring system, tools, and guidelines to monitor the project implementation through frequent meetings at Kyu with the Kyu advisor and a visiting team from SVA in February 2019. This Project will be monitored through production of Quarterly Progress Report (QPR): The project coordinator has a commitment to send quarterly reports to SVA and KYU until the completion of the project (throughout the 12 months)

14.0 Evaluation and Future prospects

The project advisors and steering team will continually assess whether the project activities are on the right track both at implementation/progress and project performance level. There will be an overall evaluation of the project after carrying out trainings using the gender based manual and after implementation of the trains. This will help to check the quality of the project if it has improved the quality of milk among the small holder farmers. The project will be extended to other areas with similar safe milk production challenges. Findings from the final research paper that are intended to be published will be extrapolated to other areas with a similar ecological set- up.

15.0 Sustainability of the Project

The project will create a strong collaboration between Kyambogo University and National Veterinary Institute (SVA) Uppsala, and the project steering team intends to use its competence to continue the establishment of the collaboration.

Sustainability on the part of the community, a gender participatory approach will continually be undertaken to develop a sense of ownership. The communities will continually be involved at all stages of the project.

Appendix I

Steering committee with the chairman of Indigenous utencils for storing Milk( untecils Rwensheko Villages and hens kept in the same place.

Interviewing a participant “Obwitizo” as an indigenous detergent to for cleaning the wooden utencils-ebyanzi

Poor hygiene in one of the cooperatives One way of transporting milk from farm to cooperative

Interview on-going Poor hygiene in another cooeprative

How milk is collected afetr milking Milk collection after milking before transportation to the cooperatives

References

Dabson, D.W and Combs.K.D (2005) Prospects for Uganda’s dairy industry: Babcock Institute discussion Paper. ISBN 978-1-59215-102- 7. No2005-4https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23520727_Prospects_for_Uganda's_Dairy_Industry

Delia Grace, Kristina Roesel, Erastus Kang’ethe, Bassirou Bonfoh & Sophie Theis (2015). Gender Roles and Food Safety in 20 Informal Livestock and Fish Value chains

FAO (2008). The state of food and agriculture, 2008. Food and Agriculture Organization of United States.

FAO (2012). Training Guide Gender and Climate Change Research in Agriculture and Food Security for Rural Development. 2012, 1–127

Gerald Katothya. 2017. Gender assessment of dairy value chains: evidence from Kenya, Rome, FAO.

Kembe.A.M, Omondi .O.C, (2016). Gender Participation and Commercialization of Smallholder Dairy Farming in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Urban and Regional Planning. Vol. 1, No. 4, 2016, pp. 86-96. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20160104.13

Kimaro, G.E (2014). Gender roles in small Holder Diary Farming: Pertinent Issues on Access and Control over Diary Farming in Arumeru District Tanzania. Journal of Culture, Society and Development. Vol.3.

Kristjanson.P, Waters-Bayer.A, Johnson.N, Tipilda.A, Njuki,J, Baltenweck.I, Grace.D & Macmillan.S (2010). Livestock and Women’s Livelihoods: A Review of the Recent Evidence(2010). International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI).

Mwesigwa M, Ociado, M and Nasuna Musoke, M.G (2009) Effects of raw milk price fluctuation on probability of cattle production enterprises in South Western Uganda: acase study of Kiruhura District, Uganda. Africa Journal of Animal and Biomedical Sciences. ISSN: 1819-4214 Quisumbing, A., Rubin D., Manfre, C., Waithanji, E., van den Bold, M., Olney, D., Johnson, N., and R. Meinzen-Dick. (2015) “Gender, Assets, and Market-oriented Agriculture: Learning from High-Value Agriculture and Livestock Projects in Africa and Asia.” Agriculture and Human Values 32(4):705-725.

Ransom, Elizabeth, Carmen Bain, and Iim Halimatusa'diyah. "Livestock-Livelihood Linkages in Uganda: The Benefits for Women and Rural Households?" Journal of Rural Social Sciences 32, no. 2 (2017): 37-68.

SPRING (Strengthening Partnerships, Results, and Innovations in Nutrition Globally) (2014). Understanding the Women’s Empowerment Pathway. Brief 4. Improving Nutrition through Agriculture Technical Brief Series. Arlington, VA, US: USAID/SPRING.

UBOS (2008), Statistical Abstract. Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development

Work plan Objective 1: Obtain information and Document the milk safety practices practiced during production, handling and marketing of milk of livestock origin around LMNP, Identifying gender based limitations to safe milk production from farm to cup Description of the activity Implementation period Estimated Output Budget M A M J J A S O N D J F Activity 1: identification, 2,560,000 The target introduction and mobilization of audience relevant local stakeholders around identified, lake Mburo areas awareness created Activity 2: conducting research to 10,465,000 Information obtain information about the milk pertaining handling practices by the local the practices livestock farmers, and all those used by the involved In the value chain of milk local production farmers obtained Activity 3: consultations meetings 1,720,000 Information with technical people/government from in the livestock industry planners and regulators obtained Activity 4 : documenting practices 250,000 A by the steering team combination of farmers and key stakeholders information documented Activity 5: interacting and 1,800,000 Ongoing reporting to the advising team Reporting to Kyu and Slu Objective 2: Design and develop a gender based training manual to address the gender gaps limiting the production of safe milk of livestock origin

Activity 1: Analyzing information 410,000 & preparing synthesis of good Draft manual milk safety practices and developed documenting the draft manual Activity 2: Pre-testing the manual 5,720,000 with selected representatives of Manual men and women in the milk pretested and production value chain any necessary change made

Activity 4: final Documentation of 570,000 Final Gender the gender based training manual based training on good and safe practices for milk manual production produced

Activity 3: interacting and 1,800,000 Reports sent to reporting to the advising team Kyu and Slu

Objective 3: Implement the training manual through capacity building of those involved in the value chain of milk production

Activity1: mobilizing the small 1,810,000 Awareness scale livestock farmers, milk about the vendors. Cooperatives, public training health workers, livestock extension officer, CDS for the training

Activity 2: Conducting trainings 10,740,000 Knowledge based on the developed Manual about good and safe practices obtained Activity 3: conduct follow up 3,470,000 the progress of activities to monitor the progress the project documented Activity 4: Conduct an evaluation 4,800,000 Evaluation exercise to assess whether the report intended project goals and assessing the objectives were achieved, success of the identifying gaps and opportunities project obtain for further research

Activity 5: Report writing 570,000 Findings published Activity 6: conduct a stakeholders Findings meeting to share project findings, disseminated experiences and key lessons learnt to different from the project stakeholders Dissemination with Kiruhura Stakeholders and KYU stakeholders

Activity 6: interacting and 2,510,000 Reports sent to reporting to the advising team Kyu and Slu

PROPOSED BUDGET

SN ACTIVITY UNIT DAYS UNIT COST TOTAL COST Objective 1: Obtain information and Document the milk safety practices practiced during production, handling and marketing of milk of livestock origin around LMNP, Identifying gender based limitations to safe milk production from farm to cup ACTIVITY ONE: identification, introduction and mobilization of relevant local stakeholders around lake Mburo areas

1 Per diem 4 people*4days*120,000. 4 3 120,000 1,440,000 2 Fuel for 3 days 3 1,000,000 1,000,000

3 Stationery 120,000 120,000 Sub Total 2,560,000

- ACTIVITY TWO: conducting research to obtain information about the milk handling practices by the local livestock farmers, and all those involved In the value chain of milk production

1 Per diem 4 people*days*120,000. 4 12 120,000 5,760,000

2 FUEL for 12 days*300,000@ day 12 300,000 3,600,000

3 Driver 1 12 75,000 900,000 4 Stationery

a) 12 Realms *20,000 5 1 20,000 100,000

b) 1 box of Pens 1 1 25,000 25,000

c) 1 box of Pencils 1 1 12,000 12,000

d) 1 Dozen of folder files 1 1 20,000 20,000

e) 2 dozens of Note books 2 1 24,000 48,000 Sub Total 10,465,000

Activity 3: consultations meetings with technical people/government in the livestock industry 1 week consultation for 7 days a) Fuel around Wakiso and Kampala 500000 500000

b) Facilitation 8grps*100000 8 1 100,000 800,000

c) Lunch for 4 staff 4 7 15000 420,000 Sub Total 1,720,000

Activity 4 : Documenting practices by the steering team 1 2 realms of Ruled Papers 2 20000 40,000 2 2 Dozens of pens 2 25000 50,000 3 Break Tea for 2 days* 4 staff 4 2 5000 40,000 4 Lunch for 2 days* 4 staff 4 2 15000 120,000 Sub Total 250,000

Activity 5: interacting and reporting to the advising team Meeting the Kyu advisor for 6hrs every months 1 6*5mnths*60,000. SLU will be paid by SNV 6 5 60000 1,800,000 Sub Total 1,800,000

Objective 2: Design and develop a gender based training manual to address the gender gaps limiting the production of safe milk of livestock origin Activity 1: Analyzing information & preparing synthesis of good milk safety practices and documenting the draft manual 1 2 realms of Ruled Papers 2 20000 40000 2 2 Dozens of pens 2 25000 50000 3 Break Tea for 4 days* 4 staff 4 4 5000 80000 4 Lunch for 4 days* 4 staff 4 4 15000 240000 Sub Total 410000 Activity 2: Pre-testing the manual with selected representatives of men and women in the milk production value chain 1 Per diem 4 people*4days*120,000. 4 4 120000 1920000 2 Driver 1 4 75000 300000 3 Fuel for 4 days 1,200,000 1,200,000 4 Stationary -Flip charts, Markers Note books, Pens, Pencils 1,000,000 1,200,000 5 Refreshment for participants 5000@ person*60 60 1 5000 300,000 6 Transport for participants 60 1 10,000 600,000 7 Venue Hire 1 4 50,000 200,000 Sub Total 5,720,000

Activity 3: final Documentation of the gender based training manual on good and safe practices for milk production 1 2 realms of Ruled Papers 2 20000 40000 2 2 Dozens of pens 2 25000 50000 3 Break Tea for 6days* 4 staff 4 6 5000 120000 4 Lunch for 6 days* 4 staff 4 6 15000 360000 Sub Total 570000

Activity 4: Interacting and reporting to the advising team Meeting the Kyu advisor for 6hrs every months 6*5mnths*60,000. SLU advisor catered for. 6 5 60000 1,800,000 Sub Total 1,800,000

Objective 3: Implement the training manual through capacity building of those involved in the value chain of milk production Activity1: mobilizing the small scale livestock farmers, milk vendors. Cooperatives, public health workers, livestock extension officer, CDS for the training

Per diem of 4 people*2days*120,000 4 2 120,000 960,000

Driver 1 1 2 75,000 150,000

Fuel 1 2 1 600,000 600,000

Communication/Airtime 1 3 1 100,000 100,000 Sub Total 1,810,000

Activity 2: Conducting trainings based on the developed

Manual 8 days for training each Village 2days*2grps

Per diem for trainers 4 8 120,000 3,840,000

Fuel 1 1 8 300,000 2,400,000

Driver 1 2 8 75,000 600,000

Venue Hire 1 3 8 50,000 400000

Refreshments for 150 participants (Break tea and Lunch) 100 4 1 10,000 1,500,000

Transport facilitation for participants 150 5 1 10,000 1,500,000 Stationary -Flip charts, Markers, Note books, Pens, 1 6 Pencils, tags 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 Sub Total 11,240,000

Activity 3: conduct follow up activities to monitor the

progress 4 days, a day per village

Per diem for staff 4 1 4 120,000 1,920,000

Driver 1 2 4 75,000 300,000

Note books and pens 1 3 1 50000 50,000 4 Fuel 1 1 1,200,000 1,200,000 Sub Total 3,470,000

Activity 4: Conduct an evaluation exercise to assess whether the intended project goals and objectives were

achieved, identifying gaps and opportunities for further research

1 Per diem 4 people*6days*120,000. 4 6 120,000 2,880,000

2 Fuel for 6 days 1 6 300,000 1,800,000

3 Stationery 1 1 120,000 120,000

4 Driver 1 6 75,000 450,000 Sub Total 4,800,000

Activity 5: Report writing 1 2 realms of Ruled Papers 2 1 20000 40000 2 2 Dozens of pens 2 1 25000 50000 3 Break Tea for 6days* 4 staff 4 6 5000 120000 4 Lunch for 6 days* 4 staff 4 6 15000 360000 Sub Total 570000

Activity 6: conduct a stakeholders meeting to share project findings, experiences and key lessons learnt from

the project. Dissemination with Kiruhura Stakeholders and KYU stakeholders First Workshop- with Kiruhura stakeholders 1 Per diem for 2 days * 4people*120,000 4 2 120000 960000 2 Driver for 2 days*75000 1 2 75000 150000 3 Fuel for to and fro Kiruhura 1 2 300000 600000 4 Venue Hire 1 1 50000 50000 5 Refreshments for 50 participants 50 1 5000 250000 6 Transport facilitation for 50 participants 50 1 10000 500000 Sub Total 2,510,000

Activity 6: interacting and reporting to the advising team

Grand Total 49,695,000