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India in Space Age Ramaiah University, Bangalore University, India in space Age Ramaiah A. S. KIRAN KUMAR Chairman Indian Space Research Organisation March 17, 2015, MS 2015, 17, March MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Formed by integrating the M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies (1999), M.S. Ramaiah College of Hotel Management (1993), M.S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy (1992), M.S. Ramaiah Dental College (1991) and the M.S. Ramaiah Advanced Learning Centre (2012) Committed to work on the philosophy of inclusiveness and service to society and to train its faculty members and students to contribute significantly to the growth of science, technology and society through their imaginative, creative and innovative pursuits. “THERE ARE SOME WHO QUESTION THE RELEVANCE OF SPACE ACTIVITIES IN A DEVELOPING NATION….. …….IF WE ARE TO PLAY A MEANINGFUL ROLE NATIONALLY, AND IN THE COMITY OF NATIONS, WE MUST BE SECOND TO NONE IN THE APPLICATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES TO THE REAL PROBLEMS OF MAN AND SOCIETY.” THUMBA Indian Space Programme • Initiated in 1960’s (1962 – INCOSPAR; 1969 – ISRO; 1972 - Space Commission & Prime DOS) Minister PRL Space • 3 National committees coordinate NARL Commission space system establishment and NE SAC Department applications: of Space SCL • INSAT Coordination Committee (ICC) ANTRIX IIST • Planning Committee on National ISRO HQ ISRO Council Natural Resources Management System (PC-NNRMS) SDSC- NRSC/ VSSC LPSC ISAC SAC • Advisory Committee for Space Sciences SHAR RRSCs (ADCOS) • The DOS Secretariat and ISRO Headquarters (with programme offices) IISU MCF LEOS IIRS ISTRAC DECU at Bangalore. THE FACETS OF INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME Space Exploration Satellite Advanced Navigation Space Systems Satellite Communications Launch Vehicles 1962 Earth Observation Space Commerce Space Applications ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLES 45 SPACE CRAFTS 72 CARE SRE 01 01 + 40 Satellites of 19 countries onboard Indian Launch Vehicles Indian National Space Systems Launch Vehicles Remote Sensing (IRS) (PSLV, GSLV) Satellites (3 in GEO, 11 in SSO) Communication (INSAT-GSAT) Satellites (10 operational) Navigation Satellites Road PRA Parcel (IRNSS - 7 Satellites : Water 3 in GEO, 4 in GSO) Drain Field Survey Soil LU/LC Space Science & Planetary Earth Observation & Exploration Satellites Societal Applications (2 : Ch-1, MOM) India: Resources & Challenges EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES INFRASTRUCTURE LAND & WATER HIGH RESOLUTION OCEAN WEATHER; CLIMATE RESOURCESAT-2 CARTOSAT-2; 2A; 2B OCEANSAT-2 INSAT-3A KALPANA MEGHA- RISAT-1 TROPIQUES SARAL RISAT-2 CARTOSAT-1 INSAT-3D 1 KM IMAGING CAPABILITY 0.8 M COMMUNICATION SATELLITES INFRASTRUCTURE INSAT-3C INSAT-4CR INSAT-4A GSAT-7 GSAT-10 GSAT-14 GSAT-12 INSAT-3A GSAT-8 INSAT-4B 740 East 830 East 0 0 . 55 East 93.5 East 480 East 111.50East 11 Satellites providing 226 Transponders (mostly in C-band; Extended C-band, and Ku band) 96 Transponders leased from foreign satellites India’s Launch Vehicles 1 8 28 GSLV 4 (2000-) 2 launchpads GSLV 4 ASLV PSLV Mk III in Sriharikota (1988) (1994-) (2014) SLV-3 (1980) Launch Vehicle SLV ASLV PSLV GSLV GSLV Mk III (Under development) Lift-off weight (Tonnes) 17 40 295 450 644 1750 (SSO) Payload (kg) 40 (LEO) 150 (LEO) 2200 (GTO) 4000 (GTO) 1400 (GTO) INDIAN STRIDES IN SATELLITE NAVIGATION IRNSS-1A (01.07.13) IRNSS-1B (04.04.14) CONSTELLATION BY 2015-16 • Independent regional navigation system - 7 satellite constellation and ground segment • IRNSS-1A IRNSS 1B and IRNSS-1C operating in Orbit • IRNSS-1D March 9 2015 • Coverage area ~ 1500 km beyond Indian territory. • Estimated horizontal position accuracy of 10-20 m in over India and adjoining areas. GAGAN: SATELLITE-BASED AUGMENTATION OF GPS NAVIGATION SIGNALS [Jointly Implemented by ISRO and Airports Authority of India] GAGAN Payloads operational in GSAT-8 Satellite (launched in 2011) GSAT-10 Satellite (launched 2012) GSAT-15 Satellite (in-orbit Spare) ISRO and AAI jointly Established 15 Indian Reference Earth Stations 2 Indian Master Control Centres 2 Indian Land Uplink Stations • Certified by DGCA to provide Non-Precision Approach services for “En-route Navigation” over Indian Airspace • India is the fourth country to offer safety of life navigation services to aviation sector National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) ….. NNRMS integrates data/info from Remote Sensing into the National/ Regional/ Local systems with appropriate technical, managerial and organisational linkages – NNRMS Mandate (1985) Planning Committee Priorities Standing Central and NNRMS Committees State NNRMS Standing Agencies Food and Water DOS Centres Committees NRSC, SAC, SNRMS Security RRSSCs , National Natural NE -SAC Resources Chair: Secretaries of Govt. Management System (NNRMS) of India Private State RS Infrastructure Enterprise Centres Development • Agriculture & Soils NGOs/ Academic/ • Water Resources Voluntary Research Institutes • Bio-resources & Organizations Environment and Environment Ecosystem • Geology & Mineral • Rural Development Disaster Management • Urban Development Support • Oceanography & Meteorology • Cartography Weather & Climate • Training & Technology Studies Application Driven EO Programme in support of National Priorities…… Food Security • Crop Inventory and forecasting • Watershed development g • Potential Fishing Zone forecast • Wasteland monitoring Water Security • Reservoir Capacity Evaluation • Ground water prospects & recharge • Irrigation and command area studies Environment & Ecosystem • Forest cover mapping & Biodiversity • Snow & Glacier studies • Desertification & Land degradation • Natural Resources Census Infrastructure Development • Urban & Infrastructure development • Rural road Connectivity • Town / cities development plans Disaster Management • Near real time monitoring • National database for Emergency Management • Support to International Charter Weather & Climate • Space and Ground observations • Essential Climate Variables • Snow & Glacier studies MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE Crop Acreage and Production Forecasts WHEAT Mid November Early December Early January Mid February Mid March • Production Forecasts for 8 Major Crops : Rice (kharif & rabi), wheat, rapeseed & mustard, potato, jute, sugarcane, cotton and sorghum (rabi) - about a month before the harvesting • Institutionalized at Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre,by ISRO. Area (Million Hectares) Production (Million Tonnes) CROP YEAR MNCFC DES % Diff. MNCFC DES % Diff. Wheat (F3) 2013-14 29.87 31.34 -4.7 89.12 95.85 -7.0 Rice (F3) 2013-14 37.48 39.56 -5.3 86.87 92.01 -5.6 First Estimate Second Estimate Third Estimate Early stage Mid Season Before harvest Satellite Images Satellite Images Integrated Models Ground Data Meteorological data Remote Sensing & Temp./ Rainfall Ground data Agro-meteorology MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS) Prevalence, intensity and persistence of agricultural • Agricultural drought vulnerability Analysis using multi drought at district/sub-district level temporal satellite data. • Coverage: 185 districts of 13 Drought Prone states June 2012 Agricultural area NDVI Assessment July 2012 August 2012 Aug 2012 MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT Wasteland Mapping & Change Analysis • Bring culturable wastelands under cultivation Wasteland Map • Enhance food grain production (2008-09) • Bring 30% under green cover o National Wasteland Inventory Project (1986 - 2000) o National Wasteland Updation Mission (2003 - 2004) o Monitoring of the wasteland areas (2005-06) o Wasteland Change Analysis (2008-2009) o Coverage : Entire India in 1:50,000 scale o No. of Wasteland categories : 28 Area (Mha) % of TGA Year of Data 63. 85 20.17% 1986 -2000 55.27 17.45% 2003 47.22 14.91% 2005 LS TM, Feb 1987 IRS L3, Feb 2002 46.73 14.76% 2009 MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT Watershed Monitoring & Management • Improve productive potential of degraded watersheds • Create alternate livelihood options • Process Monitoring & Mid-course correction • Watershed prioritization & Development Satellite Data application in • Delineation • Characterisation • Prioritisation Visible Impacts • Development Plans • Increase in Cropping intensity • Monitoring/Midcourse • Wastelands reclaimed Correction • Increase in the extent of irrigated crops • Impact Assessment • Increase in Household Income • Improvement in livestock & Milk yield MINISTRY OF MINES National Geomorphological and Lineament Mapping • Three Level Classification Schema for Geomorphology with 417 Landforms • Two-fold classification of Lineaments (Structural / Geomorphological Lineaments) • Seamless database of States ported on to Bhuvan and on GSI portal for online visualization MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES Irrigation Infrastructure and Potential Assessment Canal Network : part of Narayanapur Right Bank Canal, Upper Krishna Project Satellite based assessment of Irrigation Potential created 700000 594615 600000 524121 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 70494 Irrigation Potential (ha) 0 IP target IP IP Created Balance • Cartosat derived irrigation infrastructure is compared with design & evaluation of hydraulic connectivity. • High resolution Cartosat data is useful for time stamping the Irrigation Infrastructure Progress and Compliance Monitoring for AIBP Implementation Gaps in Narayanapur Reservoir Bank Canal MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES India - Water Resource Information System (India-WRIS) • Access to water resources data to all water resources departments. • Tools to create value added maps for integrated water resources scenarios. • Provide
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