DOCSLIB.ORG

A Gravid Fossil Turtle from the Early Cretaceous Reveals a Different Egg Development Strategy in Contrast to Extant Marine Turtles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Gravid Fossil Turtle from the Early Cretaceous Reveals a Different Egg Development Strategy in Contrast to Extant Marine Turtles Palaeontology A gravid fossil turtle from the early cretaceous reveals a different egg development strategy in contrast to extant marine turtles Journal: Palaeontology Manuscript ID PALA-10-18-4335-OA.R3 Manuscript Type: Original Article Date Submitted by the Author: n/a Complete List of Authors: Cadena, Edwin-Alberto; Universidad Del Rosario, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Parra, Mary Luz; Centro de Investigaciones Paleontológicas, Parra-Ruge, Juan de Dios; Centro de Investigaciones Paleontológicas , boyaca; Cineca, boyaca Padilla, Santiago; Centro de Investigaciones Paleontológicas, Boyaca Key words: Fossil eggs, Protostegidae, Testudines, Villa de Leyva, gravid turtle Note: The following files were submitted by the author for peer review, but cannot be converted to PDF. You must view these files (e.g. movies) online. SIappendixVideoS1HorizontalView.mov SIappendixVideoS2CoronalView.mov SIappendixVideoS3SagitalView.mov Palaeontology Page 1 of 29 Palaeontology 1 2 3 A GRAVID FOSSIL TURTLE FROM THE EARLY CRETACEOUS REVEALS A 4 DIFFERENT EGG DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN CONTRAST TO EXTANT 5 6 MARINE TURTLES 7 1,2 2 8 EDWIN-ALBERTO. CADENA , MARY L. PARRA-RUGE , JUAN DE D. PARRA- 9 RUGE2, and SANTIAGO PADILLA-BERNAL2 10 1Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Grupo de 11 Investigación en Paleontología Neotropical Tradicional y Molecular (PALEONEO), 12 Bogotá, Colombia; e-mail: [email protected] 13 2 14 Centro de Investigaciones Paleontológicas, Villa de Leyva, Colombia; e-mails: 15 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 16 17 Abstract: Extant sea turtles develop and lay pliable (flexible) eggs; however, it is 18 unknown whether they inherited this reproductive strategy from their closer fossil 19 relatives or if it represents an evolutionary novelty. Here, we describe the first 20 21 undisputable gravid marine fossil turtle ever found, from the early Cretaceous of 22 Colombia, belonging to Desmatochelys padillai Cadena and Parham, which constitutes a 23 representative of the Protostegidae. Using thin sectioning of one of the eggs, as well as 24 scanning electron microscopy coupled with elemental characterisation, 25 cathodoluminescence, and computer tomography, we established that Desmatochelys 26 padillai produced rigid eggs similar to those associated with some extant and fossil 27 freshwater and terrestrial turtles. At least 48 spherical eggs were preserved inside this 28 29 gravid turtle. We suggest that the development of rigid eggs in the extinct marine turtle 30 Desmatochelys padillai resulted as an adaptation for egg-embryo requirements dictated 31 by the physical attributes of the nesting site. 32 33 Key words: gravid turtle, fossil eggs, Protostegidae, Testudines, Villa de Leyva. 34 35 Turtles have been a successful group of vertebrates since at least the middle Triassic 36 37 (~240 Ma), adapted to almost all types of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine 38 environments. However, how the embryological development and reproduction of extant 39 linages of turtles differ from or resemble those of their ancestors remains a poorly 40 understood aspect of turtle evolution. Evidence of reproductive strategies in fossil turtles 41 is restricted to eggs, nests, embryos, and coupling pairs (Lawver & Jackson 2014); very 42 few of these findings correspond to gravid mothers. 43 44 At present, the fossil record of gravid turtles with their eggs preserved is restricted to 45 the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Adocus sp. (Cryptodira, Pan-Trionychia, Adocidae) 46 egg clutch and a gravid individual from the Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations in 47 Alberta, Canada preserving 26 eggs, only two of which are relatively uncrushed 48 (Zelenitsky et al. 2008), and a specimen of Basilemys variolosa (Cryptodira, 49 Nanhsiungchelyidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (late Campanian), found in the 50 Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada, in which some eggs were found by accident 51 52 inside its carapace (Braman & Brinkman 2009). Both of these gravid fossil turtles 53 represent freshwater and/or terrestrial forms, and their egg morphologies are consistent 54 with those of extant turtles with the same life-style adaptations (Lawver & Jackson 2014). 55 The egg characteristics of extant (freshwater, terrestrial, and marine) and fossil turtles 56 57 58 59 1 60 Palaeontology Palaeontology Page 2 of 29 1 2 3 (freshwater and terrestrial) have been summarised by Hirsch (1983), Schleich & Kästle 4 (1988), Nuamsukon et al. (2009), and Lawver (2017). A potential third example of a 5 6 gravid fossil turtle comes from a Late Jurassic, eurysternid? (Cryptodira, Eucryptodira) 7 from Solnhofen, Bavaria, Germany. However, investigation of the microstructure 8 revealed complete diagenetic alteration of the “eggshell”. Therefore, the authors conclude 9 that these eggs must be referred to as pseudomorphs because no details of the eggshell 10 microstructure can be ascertained (Joyce & Zelenitsky 2002; Lawver & Jackson 2014), 11 leaving this finding highly controversial. 12 13 14 Here, we describe the first undisputable gravid marine fossil turtle ever found, with 15 eggs preserved inside its visceral cavity, found in a shallow-marine rock sequence 16 belonging to the Paja Formation in Villa de Leyva, a town in Colombia, South America. 17 We attribute these eggs as Testudoolithus oospp. Thus, we compare the egg development 18 strategies among the truly marine-adapted extant clades Dermochelyidae and 19 Cheloniidae, and the extinct Protostegidae and suggest possible explanations for the 20 21 differences among them. 22 23 GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS 24 25 The region of Villa de Leyva has yielded important remains of fossil vertebrates, 26 invertebrates, and plants from the early Cretaceous (upper Barremian–lower Aptian, > 27 120 Ma in age), dated based on ammonoid biostratigraphy (Reboulet & Hoedemaeker 28 29 2006; Reboulet et al. 2014). All these fossils belong to the Paja Formation, which is 30 characterised by a succession of mudstones interbedded with limestones, deposited in an 31 intertidal marine complex (Forero & Sarmiento 1985). Fossil vertebrates from Villa de 32 Leyva include the pliosaurs Kronosaurus boyacensis (Hampe 1992) and 33 Stenorhynchosaurus munozi (Páramo-Fonseca et al. 2016); the first dinosaur of Colombia 34 Padillasaurus leivaensis (Carballido et al. 2015); the turtle Desmatochelys padillai 35 (Cadena & Parham 2015), a basal marine protostegid; Leyvachelys cipadi (Cadena 2015), 36 37 the first sandownid turtle from South America; and several unpublished ichthyosaurs, 38 plesiosaurs, and fish. The gravid fossil turtle with its eggs reported herein was discovered 39 by Juan de Dios Parra-Ruge at Monsalve hill, located between the towns of Villa de 40 Leyva and Sutamarchan (Supporting Information Fig. S1A). 41 42 MATERIAL AND METHODS 43 44 45 Fossil material and preparation 46 The fossil turtle specimen was prepared at the Centro de Investigaciones Paleontológicas 47 (CIP). The bone surface of the turtle was originally preserved in a hard orange-reddish 48 layer of iron-rich mudstone. To expose the bone and properly identify the taxonomy, the 49 rock matrix was removed using airscribe tools (microjack) and dental picks. 50 51 52 Light and polarised transmitted microscopy 53 To establish the microstructural preservation and mineralogical composition of the eggs 54 and the rock matrix, we took one of the four isolated eggs collected together with the 55 specimen that separated during the collection and used mechanical preparation of the 56 57 58 59 2 60 Palaeontology Page 3 of 29 Palaeontology 1 2 3 shell to produce a thin section at the Paleontological Lab, North Carolina State 4 University, Raleigh, USA. The whole egg with the rock matrix was processed after it was 5 6 embedding in Silmar SIL66 resin. We extracted bubbles using a vacuum system, with 7 subsequent refrigeration for 24 hours to harden the Silmar resin. Then, we cut the sample 8 and mounted it on a glass slide. We used a precision saw and a grinding machine to reach 9 an average thickness of 70 µm. Finally, we observed the thin section and took 10 photographs using an Olympus BX53 polarised light microscope with 2x, 4x, and 10x 11 lenses at the Paleontological Lab of Yachay Tech University in San Miguel de Urcuquí, 12 Ecuador. 13 14 15 Computer tomography scanning of the specimen 16 To establish the total number of eggs preserved inside the shell, as well as their 17 characteristics, internal morphology, and preservation, we scanned the whole specimen 18 using computer tomography (CT scanning) at the Hospital San Ignacio X-ray facility, 19 Bogotá, Colombia, under the following settings: zoom factor 1.16x, 12,902 total images, 20 21 120 kV, 150 mA, and 2 mm interslice spacing (horizontal view (Data Archiving 22 Statement Video S1), coronal view (Data Archiving Statement Video S2), and sagittal 23 view (Data Archiving Statement Video S3)). We analysed the CT data using the iQ- 24 VIEW software. 25 26 Scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis (SEM-EDS) 27 We performed elemental analysis combined with high-resolution imaging of the eggshell 28 29 structure and rock matrix of one of the isolated eggs using a scanning electron 30 microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyser, Phenom 31 ProX, at the Paleontological Lab of Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, 32 Ecuador. SEM-EDS allowed us to explore the mode of preservation of the eggshell 33 ultrastructure and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • On the Barremian - Lower Albian Stratigraphy of Colombia
    On the Barremian - lower Albian stratigraphy of Colombia Philip J. Hoedemaeker Hoedemaeker, Ph.J. 2004. On the Barremian-lower Albian stratigraphy of Colombia. Scripta Geologica, 128: 3-15, 3 figs., Leiden, December 2004. Ph.J. Hoedemaeker, Department of Palaeontology, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words – stratigraphy, Barremian, Aptian, depositional sequences, Colombia. The biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Barremian deposits, and the biostratigraphy of the Aptian deposits in the Villa de Leyva area in Colombia are briefly described. Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Barremian ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Barremian sequence stratigraphy ............................................................................................................ 6 Aptian ................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Lowermost Albian ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Northwestern Gulf of Mexico
    78 CuEI-oNten CousenvertoN axl BIot-ocv, Volmne 2, Ntunber I - 1996 Moll. D. 1991. The ecology of sea beach nesting in slider turtles (Truc'herl.\'.r sc'r'iptct venustct) from Caribbean Costa Rica. Chelon. o, ee6 n, .,1'Jill,i;X'fJ:J:fi loun,rn,ion Conserv. Biol . l(2): 107- I 16. Moll. E.O. 1978. Drumming along the Perak. Nat. Hist. 87:36-43. Occurrence and Diet of Juvenile MoRluER. J.A. 1982. Factors influencing beach selection by Loggerhead Sea Turtl es, Caretta caretta, in nesting sea turtles. In: Biorndal, K. (Ed.). Biology and Conser- vation of Sea Turtles. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Press. pp. 45-5 I . MullEn. G.B., AND WRGNER, G.P. 1991. Novelty in evolution: PaunlA T. Plorxtnl restructuring the concept. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22:229-256. AND 1980. rnigrations of the I Oeeano, M.E.., Bnoors, R.J. Nesting Depu rtment o,f Bictsc'iertc'e urrcl B iotet'ltnol og\,, snapping tr-rrtle (Chelydro serpentina). Herpetologica 36: 158- D rexe I (J nit,e rs i'l, 32ucl uncl C lte stnut St re et s, P lti I crcl e I p lt i u, t62. Penns\lvmicr 191 04 USA IFu.r: 2 I 5-895- ] 273l Ossr, F.J. 1986. Turtles, Tortises and Terrapins. New York: Saint Martin's Press 231 pp. , Subadult loggerheads (Ca rettct carettcr) are the most PnlnnrNo, F.V.., O'CoNNoR, M.P., AND Sporlla, J.R. 1990. Metabo- common sea turtles in the northwestern Gr,rlf of Mexico lism of leatherback turtles, gigantothermy, and thermoregula- (Hildebrand, where feed tion of dinosaurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Carpenter 1999 EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA)
    Boletín de Geología Vol. 23, No. 38, Enero-Junio de 2001 Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter 1999 EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA). ¿UN NUEVO ESPÉCIMEN? Jerez Jaimes, J. H1.; Narváez Parra, E. X1. RESUMEN En los depósitos del Cretácico (Aptiano) de Villa de Leyva se han reportado dos especies de plesiosaurios, un pliosaurio Kronosaurus boyacensis Hampe 1992, y un plesiosaurio Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999 (= Alzadasaurus colombiensis Welles, 1962). Se realiza la determinación de un espécimen de elasmosaurio encontrado por los pobladores de la zona rural de Villa de Leyva en 1999 con base en material fotográfico del mismo, siendo muy probable que corresponda a la especie Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999. Palabras Claves: Cretácico, Plesiosaurios, Villa de Leyva. ABSTRACT In the deposits of the Cretaceous (Aptian) of Villa de Leyva two plesiosaurs species have been reported, a pliosaur Kronosaurus boyacensis Hampe 1992, and a plesiosaur Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999 (= Alzadasaurus colombiensis Welles, 1962). We carried out the determination of elasmosaur specimen found by the inhabitants of the rural area of Villa de Leyva in 1999, on the basis of photographic material of it. Probably it corresponds to the Callawayasaurus colombiensis specie (Welles) Carpenter, 1999. Key Words: Cretaceous, Plesiosaurs, Villa de Leyva. 1Biólogos, Calle 10A # 24-68 Bucaramanga, Santander (Colombia). Correo electrónico: [email protected] Callawayasaurus
    [Show full text]
  • A New Xinjiangchelyid Turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the Evolution of the Basipterygoid Process in Mesozoic Turtles Rabi Et Al
    A new xinjiangchelyid turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the evolution of the basipterygoid process in Mesozoic turtles Rabi et al. Rabi et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:203 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/203 Rabi et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:203 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/203 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A new xinjiangchelyid turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the evolution of the basipterygoid process in Mesozoic turtles Márton Rabi1,2*, Chang-Fu Zhou3, Oliver Wings4, Sun Ge3 and Walter G Joyce1,5 Abstract Background: Most turtles from the Middle and Late Jurassic of Asia are referred to the newly defined clade Xinjiangchelyidae, a group of mostly shell-based, generalized, small to mid-sized aquatic froms that are widely considered to represent the stem lineage of Cryptodira. Xinjiangchelyids provide us with great insights into the plesiomorphic anatomy of crown-cryptodires, the most diverse group of living turtles, and they are particularly relevant for understanding the origin and early divergence of the primary clades of extant turtles. Results: Exceptionally complete new xinjiangchelyid material from the ?Qigu Formation of the Turpan Basin (Xinjiang Autonomous Province, China) provides new insights into the anatomy of this group and is assigned to Xinjiangchelys wusu n. sp. A phylogenetic analysis places Xinjiangchelys wusu n. sp. in a monophyletic polytomy with other xinjiangchelyids, including Xinjiangchelys junggarensis, X. radiplicatoides, X. levensis and X. latiens. However, the analysis supports the unorthodox, though tentative placement of xinjiangchelyids and sinemydids outside of crown-group Testudines. A particularly interesting new observation is that the skull of this xinjiangchelyid retains such primitive features as a reduced interpterygoid vacuity and basipterygoid processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting Character Variation in Turtles: [I]Araripemys Barretoi
    A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 29 September 2020. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/9840), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Limaverde S, Pêgas RV, Damasceno R, Villa C, Oliveira GR, Bonde N, Leal MEC. 2020. Interpreting character variation in turtles: Araripemys barretoi (Pleurodira: Pelomedusoides) from the Araripe Basin, Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Brazil. PeerJ 8:e9840 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9840 Interpreting character variation in turtles: Araripemys barretoi (Pleurodira: Pelomedusoides) from the Araripe Basin, Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Brazil Saulo Limaverde 1 , Rodrigo Vargas Pêgas 2 , Rafael Damasceno 3 , Chiara Villa 4 , Gustavo Oliveira 3 , Niels Bonde 5, 6 , Maria E. C. Leal Corresp. 1, 5 1 Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil 2 Department of Geology and Paleontology, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil 4 Department of Forensic Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark 5 Section Biosystematics, Zoological Museum (SNM, Copenhagen University), Copenhagen, Denmark 6 Fur Museum (Museum Saling), Fur, DK-7884, Denmark Corresponding Author: Maria E. C. Leal Email address: [email protected] The Araripe Basin (Northeastern Brazil) has yielded a rich Cretaceous fossil fauna of both vertebrates and invertebrates found mainly in the Crato and Romualdo Formations, of Aptian and Albian ages respectively. Among the vertebrates, the turtles were proved quite diverse, with several specimens retrieved and five valid species described to this date for the Romualdo Fm.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Microvertebrate Assemblage from the Mussentuchit
    A new microvertebrate assemblage from the Mussentuchit Member, Cedar Mountain Formation: insights into the paleobiodiversity and paleobiogeography of early Late Cretaceous ecosystems in western North America Haviv M. Avrahami1,2,3, Terry A. Gates1, Andrew B. Heckert3, Peter J. Makovicky4 and Lindsay E. Zanno1,2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 2 North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA 3 Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA 4 Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA ABSTRACT The vertebrate fauna of the Late Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation has been studied for nearly three decades, yet the fossil-rich unit continues to produce new information about life in western North America approximately 97 million years ago. Here we report on the composition of the Cliffs of Insanity (COI) microvertebrate locality, a newly sampled site containing perhaps one of the densest concentrations of microvertebrate fossils yet discovered in the Mussentuchit Member. The COI locality preserves osteichthyan, lissamphibian, testudinatan, mesoeucrocodylian, dinosaurian, metatherian, and trace fossil remains and is among the most taxonomically rich microvertebrate localities in the Mussentuchit Submitted 30 May 2018 fi fi Accepted 8 October 2018 Member. To better re ne taxonomic identi cations of isolated theropod dinosaur Published 16 November 2018 teeth, we used quantitative analyses of taxonomically comprehensive databases of Corresponding authors theropod tooth measurements, adding new data on theropod tooth morphodiversity in Haviv M. Avrahami, this poorly understood interval. We further provide the first descriptions of [email protected] tyrannosauroid premaxillary teeth and document the earliest North American record of Lindsay E.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimating the Evolutionary Rates in Mosasauroids and Plesiosaurs: Discussion of Niche Occupation in Late Cretaceous Seas
    Estimating the evolutionary rates in mosasauroids and plesiosaurs: discussion of niche occupation in Late Cretaceous seas Daniel Madzia1 and Andrea Cau2 1 Department of Evolutionary Paleobiology, Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 2 Independent, Parma, Italy ABSTRACT Observations of temporal overlap of niche occupation among Late Cretaceous marine amniotes suggest that the rise and diversification of mosasauroid squamates might have been influenced by competition with or disappearance of some plesiosaur taxa. We discuss that hypothesis through comparisons of the rates of morphological evolution of mosasauroids throughout their evolutionary history with those inferred for contemporary plesiosaur clades. We used expanded versions of two species- level phylogenetic datasets of both these groups, updated them with stratigraphic information, and analyzed using the Bayesian inference to estimate the rates of divergence for each clade. The oscillations in evolutionary rates of the mosasauroid and plesiosaur lineages that overlapped in time and space were then used as a baseline for discussion and comparisons of traits that can affect the shape of the niche structures of aquatic amniotes, such as tooth morphologies, body size, swimming abilities, metabolism, and reproduction. Only two groups of plesiosaurs are considered to be possible niche competitors of mosasauroids: the brachauchenine pliosaurids and the polycotylid leptocleidians. However, direct evidence for interactions between mosasauroids and plesiosaurs is scarce and limited only to large mosasauroids as the Submitted 31 July 2019 predators/scavengers and polycotylids as their prey. The first mosasauroids differed Accepted 18 March 2020 from contemporary plesiosaurs in certain aspects of all discussed traits and no evidence Published 13 April 2020 suggests that early representatives of Mosasauroidea diversified after competitions with Corresponding author plesiosaurs.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenomic Analysis of Turtles ⇑ Nicholas G
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 83 (2015) 250–257 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A phylogenomic analysis of turtles ⇑ Nicholas G. Crawford a,b,1, James F. Parham c, ,1, Anna B. Sellas a, Brant C. Faircloth d, Travis C. Glenn e, Theodore J. Papenfuss f, James B. Henderson a, Madison H. Hansen a,g, W. Brian Simison a a Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA b Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA c John D. Cooper Archaeological and Paleontological Center, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA d Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA e Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA f Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA g Mathematical and Computational Biology Department, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, CA 9171, USA article info abstract Article history: Molecular analyses of turtle relationships have overturned prevailing morphological hypotheses and Received 11 July 2014 prompted the development of a new taxonomy. Here we provide the first genome-scale analysis of turtle Revised 16 October 2014 phylogeny. We sequenced 2381 ultraconserved element (UCE) loci representing a total of 1,718,154 bp of Accepted 28 October 2014 aligned sequence. Our sampling includes 32 turtle taxa representing all 14 recognized turtle families and Available online 4 November 2014 an additional six outgroups. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and species tree methods produce a single resolved phylogeny.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of the Classification of the Plesiosauria with a Synopsis of the Stratigraphical and Geographical Distribution Of
    LUNDS UNIVERSITETS ARSSKRIFT. N. F. Avd. 2. Bd 59. Nr l. KUNGL. FYSIOGRAFISKA SÅLLSKAPETS HANDLINGAR, N. F. Bd 74. Nr 1. A REVISION OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PLESIOSAURIA WITH A SYNOPSIS OF THE STRATIGRAPHICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GROUP BY PER OVE PERSSON LUND C. W. K. GLEER UP Read before the Royal Physiographic Society, February 13, 1963. LUND HÅKAN OHLSSONS BOKTRYCKERI l 9 6 3 l. Introduction The sub-order Plesiosauria is one of the best known of the Mesozoic Reptile groups, but, as emphasized by KuHN (1961, p. 75) and other authors, its classification is still not satisfactory, and needs a thorough revision. The present paper is an attempt at such a revision, and includes also a tabular synopsis of the stratigraphical and geo­ graphical distribution of the group. Some of the species are discussed in the text (pp. 17-22). The synopsis is completed with seven maps (figs. 2-8, pp. 10-16), a selective synonym list (pp. 41-42), and a list of rejected species (pp. 42-43). Some forms which have been erroneously referred to the Plesiosauria are also briefly mentioned ("Non-Plesiosaurians", p. 43). - The numerals in braekets after the generic and specific names in the text refer to the tabular synopsis, in which the different forms are numbered in successional order. The author has exaroined all material available from Sweden, Australia and Spitzbergen (PERSSON 1954, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1962a); the major part of the material from the British Isles, France, Belgium and Luxembourg; some of the German spec­ imens; certain specimens from New Zealand, now in the British Museum (see LYDEK­ KER 1889, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Membros Da Comissão Julgadora Da Dissertação
    UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, CIÊNCIAS E LETRAS DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles Evolução da forma do crânio em tartarugas extintas e viventes Guilherme Hermanson Souza Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, obtido no Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Comparada Ribeirão Preto - SP 2021 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, CIÊNCIAS E LETRAS DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles Evolução da forma do crânio em tartarugas extintas e viventes Guilherme Hermanson Souza Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, obtido no Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Comparada. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Max Cardoso Langer Ribeirão Preto - SP 2021 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. I authorise the reproduction and total or partial disclosure of this work, via any conventional or electronic medium, for aims of study and research, with the condition that the source is cited. FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Hermanson, Guilherme Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles, 2021. 132 páginas. Dissertação de Mestrado, apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto/USP – Área de concentração: Biologia Comparada.
    [Show full text]
  • 71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT
    ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Nacional Del Comahue Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche
    Universidad Nacional del Comahue Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche Título de la Tesis Microanatomía y osteohistología del caparazón de los Testudinata del Mesozoico y Cenozoico de Argentina: Aspectos sistemáticos y paleoecológicos implicados Trabajo de Tesis para optar al Título de Doctor en Biología Tesista: Lic. en Ciencias Biológicas Juan Marcos Jannello Director: Dr. Ignacio A. Cerda Co-director: Dr. Marcelo S. de la Fuente 2018 Tesis Doctoral UNCo J. Marcos Jannello 2018 Resumen Las inusuales estructuras óseas observadas entre los vertebrados, como el cuello largo de la jirafa o el cráneo en forma de T del tiburón martillo, han interesado a los científicos desde hace mucho tiempo. Uno de estos casos es el clado Testudinata el cual representa uno de los grupos más fascinantes y enigmáticos conocidos entre de los amniotas. Su inconfundible plan corporal, que ha persistido desde el Triásico tardío hasta la actualidad, se caracteriza por la presencia del caparazón, el cual encierra a las cinturas, tanto pectoral como pélvica, dentro de la caja torácica desarrollada. Esta estructura les ha permitido a las tortugas adaptarse con éxito a diversos ambientes (por ejemplo, terrestres, acuáticos continentales, marinos costeros e incluso marinos pelágicos). Su capacidad para habitar diferentes nichos ecológicos, su importante diversidad taxonómica y su plan corporal particular hacen de los Testudinata un modelo de estudio muy atrayente dentro de los vertebrados. Una disciplina que ha demostrado ser una herramienta muy importante para abordar varios temas relacionados al caparazón de las tortugas, es la paleohistología. Esta disciplina se ha involucrado en temas diversos tales como el origen del caparazón, el origen del desarrollo y mantenimiento de la ornamentación, la paleoecología y la sistemática.
    [Show full text]