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Hubble Space Telescope Images of Stephan's Quintet
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server Hubble Space Telescope Images of Stephan's Quintet: Star Cluster Formation in a Compact Group Environment1;2 Sarah C. Gallagher, Jane C. Charlton3, Sally D. Hunsberger Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 gallsc, charlton, [email protected] Dennis Zaritsky Steward Observatory University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 [email protected] and Bradley C. Whitmore Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore, MD 21218 [email protected] ABSTRACT Analysis of Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images of Stephan’s Quintet, Hickson Compact Group 92, yielded 115 candidate star clusters (with V I<1:5). Unlike in merger remants, the cluster candidates in Stephan’s Quintet are not clustered in the inner− regions of the galaxies; they are spread over the debris and surrounding area. Specifically, these sources are located in the long sweeping tail and spiral arms of NGC 7319, in the tidal debris of NGC 7318B/A, and in the intragroup starburst region north of these galaxies. Analysis of the colors of the clusters indicate several distinct epochs of star formation that appear to trace the complex history of dynamical interactions in this compact group. Subject headings: galaxies: interactions | galaxies: individual (NGC 7318A, NGC 7318B, NGC 7319) | galaxies: star clusters | intergalactic medium 1. Introduction the central regions of mergers (Holtzman et al. 1992; Whitmore et al. 1993; Schweizer et al. 1996; Miller et al. The interactions of galaxies trigger bursts of star for- 1997; Whitmore et al. -
JRASC August 2021 Lo-Res
The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada PROMOTING ASTRONOMY IN CANADA August/août 2021 Volume/volume 115 Le Journal de la Société royale d’astronomie du Canada Number/numéro 4 [809] Inside this issue: A Pas de Deux with Aurora and Steve Detection Threshold of Noctilucent Clouds The Sun, Moon, Waves, and Cityscape The Best of Monochrome Colour Special colour edition. This great series of images was taken by Raymond Kwong from his balcony in Toronto. He used a Canon EOS 500D, with a Sigma 70–300 ƒ/4–5.6 Macro Super lens (shot at 300 mm), a Kenko Teleplus HD 2× DGX teleconverter and a Thousand Oaks solar filter. The series of photos was shot at ISO 100, 0.1s, 600 mm at ƒ/11. August/ août 2021 | Vol. 115, No. 4 | Whole Number 809 contents / table des matières Feature Articles / Articles de fond 182 Binary Universe: Watch the Planets Wheel Overhead 152 A Pas de Deux with Aurora and Steve by Blake Nancarrow by Jay and Judy Anderson 184 Dish on the Cosmos: FYSTing on a 160 Detection Threshold of Noctilucent Clouds New Opportunity and its Effect on Season Sighting Totals by Erik Rosolowsky by Mark Zalcik 186 John Percy’s Universe: Everything Spins 166 Pen and Pixel: June 10 Partial Eclipse (all) by John R. Percy by Nicole Mortillaro / Allendria Brunjes / Shelly Jackson / Randy Attwood Departments / Départements Columns / Rubriques 146 President’s Corner by Robyn Foret 168 Your Monthly Guide to Variable Stars by Jim Fox, AAVSO 147 News Notes / En manchettes Compiled by Jay Anderson 170 Skyward: Faint Fuzzies and Gravity by David Levy 159 Great Images by Michael Gatto 172 Astronomical Art & Artifact: Exploring the History of Colonialism and Astronomy in 188 Astrocryptic and Previous Answers Canada II: The Cases of the Slave-Owning by Curt Nason Astronomer and the Black Astronomer Knighted by Queen Victoria iii Great Images by Randall Rosenfeld by Carl Jorgensen 179 CFHT Chronicles: Times They Are A-Changing by Mary Beth Laychak Bleary-eyed astronomers across most of the country woke up early to catch what they could of the June 10 annular eclipse. -
Annotated Bibliography: Women in Physics, Astronomy, and Related Disciplines
Annotated Bibliography: Women in Physics, Astronomy, and Related Disciplines Abir Am, Pnina and Dorinda Outram, eds. Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1787-1979. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987. Abir Am and Outram’s volume includes a collection of essays about women in science that highlight the intersection of personal and professional spheres. All of the articles argue that the careers of women scientists are influenced by their family lives and that their family lives are impacted because of their scientific careers. This text is significant in two ways: first, it is one of the earliest examples of scholarship that moves beyond the recovering women in science, but placing them in the context of their home and work environments. Second, it suggests that historians of science can no longer ignore the private lives of their historical subjects. This volume contains four articles relating to women in physics and astronomy: Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie’s “Marital Collaboration: An Approach to Science” (pages 104-125), Sally Gregory Kohlstedt’s “Maria Mitchell and the Advancement of Women in Science” (pages 129-146), Helena M. Pycior’s “Marie Curie’s ‘Anti-Natural Path’: Time Only for Science and Family” (pages 191-215), and Peggy Kidwell’s “Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin: Astronomy in the Family” (pages 216-238). As a unit, the articles would constitute and interesting lesson on personal and professional influences. Individually, the articles could be incorporated into lessons on a single scientist, offering a new perspective on their activities at work and at home. It complements Pycior, Slack, and Abir Am’s Creative Couples in the Sciences and Lykknes, Opitz, and Van Tiggelen’s For Better of For Worse: Collaborative Couples in the Sciences, which also look at the intersection of the personal and professional. -
Women in Astronomy: an Introductory Resource Guide
Women in Astronomy: An Introductory Resource Guide by Andrew Fraknoi (Fromm Institute, University of San Francisco) [April 2019] © copyright 2019 by Andrew Fraknoi. All rights reserved. For permission to use, or to suggest additional materials, please contact the author at e-mail: fraknoi {at} fhda {dot} edu This guide to non-technical English-language materials is not meant to be a comprehensive or scholarly introduction to the complex topic of the role of women in astronomy. It is simply a resource for educators and students who wish to begin exploring the challenges and triumphs of women of the past and present. It’s also an opportunity to get to know the lives and work of some of the key women who have overcome prejudice and exclusion to make significant contributions to our field. We only include a representative selection of living women astronomers about whom non-technical material at the level of beginning astronomy students is easily available. Lack of inclusion in this introductory list is not meant to suggest any less importance. We also don’t include Wikipedia articles, although those are sometimes a good place for students to begin. Suggestions for additional non-technical listings are most welcome. Vera Rubin Annie Cannon & Henrietta Leavitt Maria Mitchell Cecilia Payne ______________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents: 1. Written Resources on the History of Women in Astronomy 2. Written Resources on Issues Women Face 3. Web Resources on the History of Women in Astronomy 4. Web Resources on Issues Women Face 5. Material on Some Specific Women Astronomers of the Past: Annie Cannon Margaret Huggins Nancy Roman Agnes Clerke Henrietta Leavitt Vera Rubin Williamina Fleming Antonia Maury Charlotte Moore Sitterly Caroline Herschel Maria Mitchell Mary Somerville Dorrit Hoffleit Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Beatrice Tinsley Helen Sawyer Hogg Dorothea Klumpke Roberts 6. -
Existence and Importance of Magnetic Fields in Tight Pairs and Groups of Galaxies 15 3 Summary of the Published Articles 17 3.1
EXISTENCEANDIMPORTANCEOFMAGNETICFIELDSIN TIGHTPAIRSANDGROUPSOFGALAXIES błazej˙ nikiel-wroczynski´ A PhD thesis written under the supervision of Professor Marek Urbanik and co-supervision of Doctor Marek Jamrozy Astronomical Observatory Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University June 2015 Błazej˙ Nikiel-Wroczy´nski: Existence and importance of magnetic fields in tight pairs and groups of galaxies, © June 2015 supervisors: Prof. dr hab. Marek Urbanik Dr Marek Jamrozy alma mater: Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Dedication This work is dedicated to Rugia for being (probably unknowingly) an Earth-based analogue of the MHD dynamo, that amplified my determination to collect all the presented articles into one thesis, transferring the kinetic energy of my turbulent movements into a genuinely regular (not just anisotropic), scientific dissertation. ABSTRACT This dissertation is an attempt to investigate the existence and role of the intergalactic magnetic fields in compact groups and tight pairs of galaxies. Radio emission from several, well known objects of these types is analysed and properties of the discovered intergalactic mag- netised structures are discussed. Together, these results are used to show that wherever found, intergalactic magnetic fields play impor- tant role in the galactic dynamics and evolution. Non-thermal, in- tergalactic radio emission, which signifies existence of the magnetic fields, can be used as a very sensitive tracer of interactions and gas flows. Unusual magnetised objects and structures can be found in the intergalactic space, and their studies open a possibility to discover more about the cosmic magnetism itself. v PUBLICATIONS This dissertation has been written as a summary of the scientific ac- tivities previously reported in these articles: • Nikiel-Wroczy ´nski,B., Jamrozy, M., Soida, M., Urbanik, M., Multiwavelength study of the radio emission from a tight galaxy pair Arp 143, 2014, MNRAS, 444, 1729 • Nikiel-Wroczy ´nski,B., Soida, M., Bomans, D. -
Women of Astronomy
WOMEN OF ASTRONOMY AND A TIMELINE OF EVENTS… Time line of Astronomy • 2350 B.C. – EnHeduanna (ornament of heaven) – • Chief Astronomer Priestess of the Moon Goddess of the City in Babylonia. • Movement of the Stars were used to create Calendars • 2000 B.C. - According to legend, two Chinese astronomers are executed for not predicting an eclipse. • 129 B.C. - Hipparchos completes the first catalog of the stars, and invented stellar magnitude (still in use today!) • 150 A.D. - Claudius Ptolemy publishes his theory of the Earth- centered universe. • 350 A.D – Hypatia of Alexandria – First woman Astronomer • Hypatia of Alexandria Born approximately in 350 A.D. • Accomplished mathematician, inventor, & philosopher of Plato and Aristotle • Designed astronomical instruments, such as the astrolabe and the planesphere. The first star chart to have the name An early astrolabe was invented in "planisphere" was made in 1624 by 150 BC and is often attributed to Jacob Bartsch. Son of Johannes Hipparchus Kepler, who solved planetary motion. Time line of Astronomy • 970 - al-Sufi, a Persian Astronomer prepares catalog of over 1,000 stars. • 1420 Ulugh-Beg, prince of Turkestan, builds a great observatory and prepares tables of planet and stars • 1543 While on his deathbed, Copernicus publishes his theory that planets orbit around the sun. • 1609 Galileo discovers craters on Earth’s moon, the moons of Jupiter, the turning of the sun, and the presence of innumerable stars in the Milky Way with a telescope that he built. • 1666 Isaac Newton begins his work on the theory of universal gravitation. • 1671 Newton demonstrates his invention, the reflecting telescope. -
Paired and Interacting Galaxies: Conference Summary
1- PAIRED AND INTERACTING GALAXIES: CONFERENCE SUMMARY Colin A. Norman Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University and Space Telescope Science Institute 1. INTRODUCTION This has been an excellent conference with a very international component and a rich and wide ranging diversity of views on the topical subject of paired and interacting galaxies. The southern hospitality shown to us by our hosts Jack Sulentic and Bill Keel has been most gracious and the general growth of the astronomy group at the University of Alabama is most impressive. The conference began with the presentation of the basic data sets on pairs, groups, and interacting galaxies with the latter being further discussed with respect to both global properties and properties of the galactic nuclei. Then followed the theory, modelling and interpretation us- ing analytic techniques, simula+tionsand general modelling for spirals and ellipticals, starbursts and active galactic nuclei. Before the conference I had written down the three questions concern- ing pairs, groups and interacting galaxies that I hoped would be answered at the meeting: (1) How do they form? including the role of initial conditions, the importance of subclustering, the evolution of groups to compact groups, and the fate of compact groups;’(2) How do they evolve? including issues such as relevant timescales, the role of halos and the problem of overmerging, the triggering and enhancement of star formation and activity in the galactic nuclei, and the relative importance of dwarf versus giant encounters; and (3) Are they important? including the frequency of pairs and interactions, whether merging and interactions are very important aspects of the life of a normal galaxy at formation, during its evolution, in forming bars, shells, rings, bulges etc., and in the formation and evolution of active galaxies. -
SHAPLEY's ERA Helen Sawyer Hogg David Dunlap Observatory
SHAPLEY'S ERA Helen Sawyer Hogg David Dunlap Observatory University of Toronto I am greatly pleased to have a chance to speak at this Symposium about Harlow Shapley, the man who was probably responsible, more than any other, for the shape my life has taken. In my talk this morning I am repeating a few of the remarks I made at the Centennial Celebration for the birthday of Harlow Shapley last October 17 at the Harvard College Observatory. Some of the people here today were present then, and I trust they will excuse the repetition. But my talk today has a different slant. First I wish to sketch my personal background, and how I happened to arrive at the Harvard College Observatory in September, 1926. I was born in the nearby city of Lowell which at that time, 1905, had a mile of textile and leather mills stretching along the banks of the Merrimack river. I attended Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, in the Connecticut valley. In my junior year, under the influence of a remarkable teacher, Miss Anne Young, I switched a major in chemistry to one in astronomy. Professor Young was the niece of Prof. Charles Young of Princeton, author of the finest astronomy text- books of the first quarter of this century, books still very useful for their factual information. For the total solar eclipse of January 24, 1925 Miss Young was able to get a special train to take all the college people to a golf links in Connecticut, inside the path of totality. -
The $-12$ Mag Dip in the Galaxy Luminosity Function of Hickson
Draft version August 16, 2021 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX63 The −12 mag dip in the galaxy luminosity function of Hickson Compact Groups∗ Hitomi Yamanoi,1, 2 Masafumi Yagi,2, 3 Yutaka Komiyama,2, 4 and Jin Koda5 1Center for Information and Communication Technology, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1 Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8601, Japan 2Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan 3Department of Advanced Sciences, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajinocho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan 4Department of Astronomical Science, School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA (Received March 10, 2020; Revised June 29, 2020; Accepted July 1, 2020) Submitted to AJ ABSTRACT We present the galaxy luminosity functions (LFs) of four Hickson Compact Groups using image data from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam. A distinct dip appeared in the faint-ends of all the LFs at Mg ∼ −12. A similar dip was observed in the LFs of the galaxy clusters Coma and Centaurus. However, LFs in the Virgo, Hydra, and the field had flatter slopes and no dips. As the relative velocities among galaxies are lower in compact groups than in clusters, the effect of galaxy-galaxy interactions would be more significant in compact groups. The Mg ∼ −12 dip of compact groups may imply that frequent galaxy-galaxy interactions would affect the evolution of galaxies, and the dip in LF could become a boundary between different galaxy populations. -
Image: NASA's Hubble Looks at a Members-Only Galaxy Club
Image: NASA's Hubble looks at a members- only galaxy club 16 December 2013 destructive tendencies. The group members interact, circling and pulling at one another until they eventually merge together, signaling the death of the group, and the birth of a large galaxy. Provided by NASA Credit: European Space Agency (Phys.org) —This new Hubble image shows a handful of galaxies in the constellation of Eridanus (The River). NGC 1190, shown here on the right of the frame, stands apart from the rest; it belongs to an exclusive club known as Hickson Compact Group 22 (HCG 22). There are four other members of this group, all of which lie out of frame: NGC 1189, NGC 1191, NGC 1192, and NGC 1199. The other galaxies shown here are nearby galaxies 2MASS J03032308-1539079 (center), and dCAZ94 HCG 22-21 (left), both of which are not part of HCG 22. Hickson Compact Groups are incredibly tightly bound groups of galaxies. Their discoverer Paul Hickson observed only 100 of these objects, which he described in his HCG catalog in the 1980s. To earn the Hickson Compact Group label, there must be at least four members—each one fairly bright and compact. These short-lived groups are thought to end their lives as giant elliptical galaxies, but despite knowing much about their form and destiny, the role of compact galaxy groups in galactic formation and evolution is still unclear. These groups are interesting partly for their self- 1 / 2 APA citation: Image: NASA's Hubble looks at a members-only galaxy club (2013, December 16) retrieved 28 September 2021 from https://phys.org/news/2013-12-image-nasa-hubble-members-only- galaxy.html This document is subject to copyright. -
The Canadian Astronomical Society, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and the University of Toronto Invite You to a Special Evening on May 27Th
The Canadian Astronomical Society, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and the University of Toronto invite you to a special evening on May 27th. 6:30pm – Presentation of the film “Hawaiian Starlight: Exploring the Universe from Mauna Kea” 7:30pm – Helen Sawyer Hogg public lecture “Life, the Universe and Nothing” by Lawrence Krauss Location: Isabel Bader Theatre, 93 Charles St. West, Toronto Nearest subway station: Museum Seats are limited: first come, first served. Doors open at 6pm. Free admission. Hawaiian Starlight: Exploring the Universe from Mauna Kea The summit of Mauna Kea (14,000 feet) offers the best viewing of the Cosmos in the northern hemisphere, and this film delivers a pure aesthetic experience from the mountain into the Universe. Seven years in the making, this cinematic symphony reveals the spectacular beauty of the mountain and its connection to the Cosmos through the magical influence of time‐lapse cinematography scored exclusively (no narration) with the awe‐inspiring, critically acclaimed, Halo music by Martin O'Donnell and Michael Salvatori. Daytime and night‐time landscapes and skyscapes alternate with stunning true color images of the Universe captured by the Canada‐France‐Hawaii Telescope, one of Canada's top astronomical observatories. A film by Jean‐Charles Cuillandre. http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu./HawaiianStarlight Life, the Universe and Nothing by Prof. Lawrence Krauss In this talk, I will ruminate on the future of the Universe itself, and also on the future of life within it, using as my starting point recent observations in cosmology. I will first discuss why the Universe we appear to inhabit is the worst of all possible universes, as far as considerations of the quality and quantity of life is concerned. -
Women in Astronomy: an Introductory Resource Guide to Materials in English
Women in Astronomy: An Introductory Resource Guide to Materials in English by Andrew Fraknoi (Foothill College & Astronomical Society of the Pacific) © copyright 2008 by Andrew Fraknoi. All rights reserved. For permission to use, or to suggest additional materials, please contact the author at e-mail: fraknoiandrew {at} fhda.edu Table of Contents: 1. Written Resources on the General Topic of Women in Astronomy 2. Web Resources on the General Topic of Women in Astronomy 3. Material on Some Specific Women Astronomers of the Past: Annie Cannon Agnes Clerke Williamina Fleming Caroline Herschel Dorrit Hoffleit Helen Sawyer Hogg Margaret Huggins Henrietta Leavitt Antonia Maury Maria Mitchell Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Dorothea Klumpke Roberts Charlotte Moore Sitterly Mary Somerville Beatrice Tinsley 4. Material on Some Specific Living Astronomers who are Women: Jocelyn Bell Burnell Margaret Burbidge Sandra Faber Debra Fischer Wendy Freedman Margaret Geller Andrea Ghez Heidi Hammel Jane Luu Sally Ride Nancy Roman Vera Rubin Carolyn Shoemaker Ellen Stofan Jill Tarter Virginia Trimble Sidney Wolff 5. Articles and Books about Other Individual Women Astronomers ______________________________________________________________________________ This guide is not meant to be a comprehensive or scholarly introduction to the complex topic of the role of women in astronomy, but simply a resource for those educators and students who wish to explore the challenges and triumphs of women of the past and present. It’s also an opportunity to get to know some of the key women who have overcome prejudice and exclusion to make significant contributions to our field. To be included among the representative women for whom we list individual resources, an astronomer must have had something non-technical about her life and work published in a popular-level journal or book.