DOCSLIB.ORG

Advances on Thirdhand Smoke Using Targeted and Untargeted Approaches

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Advances on Thirdhand Smoke Using Targeted and Untargeted Approaches ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené Advances on Thirdhand Smoke using Targeted and Untargeted Approaches Sònia Torres Gené DOCTORAL THESIS 2020-2021 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené Sònia Torres Gené Advances on Thirdhand Smoke using targeted and untargeted approaches DOCTORAL THESIS Supervised by Dr. Noelia Ramírez and Dr. Xavier Correig Departament d’Enginyeria EleCtròniCa, ElèCtriCa i AutomàtiCa Tarragona 2021 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica Av. Països Catalans 26 Campus Sescelades 43007 Tarragona We STATE that the present study, entitled: Advances on thirdhand smoke using targeted and untargeted approaches, presented by Sònia Torres Gené for the award of the degree of Doctor, has been carried out under our supervision at the Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering (DEEEA) of this university and meets the requirements to qualify for International Mention. Tarragona, March 2021 Doctoral thesis supervisors Dr. Noelia Ramírez González Dr. Francesc Xavier Correig Blanchar UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Aquest matí, després d’un llarg dia de muntatge de documents, he enviat per fi la penúltima versió d’aquesta tesi, dient als meus directors que esperaba tenir els agraïements escrits per divendres, no sabia que posar! Després he escrit un wats app al grup dels companys donant-los la noticia de que això que tant a costat ja casi està aquí! Ràpidament alguns de vosaltres m’heu escrit per privat per quedar, fer un café i veuren’s les cares. Llavors m’he adoant de que ho tenia clar, lo millor d’aquesta tesi, sou vosaltres, cada una de les persones que he conegut en aquest llarg camí. Que aquesta es l apart bona de que hagi set llarg, que n’he conegut moltes! Vaig aterrar a un Búnquer ple de nois, el “Dream team” dels programadors, titulars: Xavi Domingo, Pere RàFols, Daniel Cañueto, Josep Gómez, Rubén Barrilero i Didac Vilalta, i jo allí, sense tenir ni idea de que era l’R! El Xavi es va oferir a fer-me unes classes, el Pere algún cop també va intentar alguna cosa…pero nois, ho sento pero no era lo meu! Això si, no he pogut riure més amb vosaltres, ni passar-m’ho millor en cada un dels cafés, sopars i moments que he compartit amb vosaltres. Sobretot vull agrair al Pere, la seva paciencia ensenyant-me com funcionava el MALDI i el ggplot del’R, ha estat tot un paler ser la teva companya de taula tants anys! També volia donar les gràcies a tots els que heu anat entrant després, María, Lluch, Gerard Alex i Carla. Alex! Many thanks! I’ll never forget our time in Florence! Carla, eres la persona mas trabajadora, buena, amable y generosa que he conocido (¡y mira que soy mayor!). Muchas gracias UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené por todas las veces que me has ayudado, te deseo lo mejor y mucho ánimo que en nada estas acabando tu tesis! Y por último quiero agradecer miles de cosas a Sara, gracias por enseñarme mucho de lo que sé de metabolomica, Q-TOF, RMN y R. Pero sobretodo gracias por haberte convertido en una gran amiga y por estar ahí siempre y para todo. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené “Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing” Wernher von Braun UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené ABSTRACT Thirdhand smoke (THS) is a novel way of exposure to tobacco smoke compounds little known in our society. THS contamination begins when cigarette smoke is extinguished and airborne compounds deposit on surfaces near to the smoking area. These compounds remain for long periods of time in indoor environments, leading to their aging and the possibility of reacting with other compounds present in the environment to form secondary pollutants that could be more toxic than primary compounds. This type of contamination is of especial concern in homes of children with smoking parents, since the ways of exposure to THS toxicants are ingestion, dermal absorption and inhalation. Consequently, children habits like crawling, playing on the floor or bringing objects to mouth turns them into the most vulnerable population. Hence, it is crucial to have a broader knowledge of this type of contamination and the health effects associated to THS exposure, to protect children and people who live with smokers from this source of exposure. Tobacco smoke is made up of thousands of compounds and many of them toxic and carcinogen. To date, research on the chemical characterization of THS has been mostly focused on the analysis of tobacco-specific compounds, as nicotine and carcinogenic tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Since these compounds are found at very low concentrations in the environment and present different physic- chemical characteristics, robust and sensitive analytical methods are required for their determination. For the assessment of THS-induced health effects, research has mainly focused on the determination of exposure biomarkers in biological matrices and the evaluation of known X UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ADVANCES ON THIRDHAND SMOKE USING TARGETED AND UNTARGETED APPROACHES Sònia Torres Gené health markers in vivo and in vitro models to characterize the health effects derived from THS exposure. However, for a comprehensive characterization of THS it is crucial the use more holistic approaches to achieve a better assessment of the risks associated to THS exposure and to broaden the current knowledge of THS-induced damage and health effects. Hence, the main objective of this thesis is to advance on the current knowledge of THS by using novel target and untargeted approaches. To accomplish that, this thesis has been divided in two secondary objectives: to improve the chemical characterization of THS, and to advance on the health effects derived from THS exposure.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Synthesis and Toxicity
    Molecules 2008, 13, 986-994 molecules ISSN 1420-3049 © 2008 by MDPI www.mdpi.org/molecules Full Paper Fluorinated Analogs of Malachite Green: Synthesis and Toxicity George A. Kraus 1,*, Insik Jeon 1, Marit Nilsen-Hamilton 2, Ahmed M. Awad 2, Jayeeta Banerjee 2 and Bahram Parvin 3 1 Iowa State University Department of Chemistry, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Tel. +1 515-294-7794; Fax: +1 515-294-0105 2 Iowa State University Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Tel. +1 515-9996; Fax: +1 515-294-0453 3 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Department of Cancer Biology, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Tel. +1 510-486-6203; Fax: +1 510-486-6363 * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected] Received: 21 March 2008; in revised form: 22 April 2008 / Accepted: 22 April 2008 / Published: 27 April 2008 Abstract: A series of fluorinated analogs of malachite green (MG) have been synthesized and their toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a human ovarian epithelial cell line examined. The toxicity profiles were found to be different for these two species. Two analogs, one with 2,4-difluoro substitution and the other with 2-fluoro substitution seem to be the most promising analogs because they showed the lowest toxicity to the human cells. Keywords: Malachite Green; Malachite Green analogs; Bathochromic shift; Toxicity; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; human ovarian epithelial cells. Introduction We are developing a new procedure for real-time imaging of gene expression. It involves a nucleic acid probe that can be used in conjunction with a 18F-labeled target molecule to image gene expression in vivo [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Aniline and Aniline Hydrochloride
    SOME AROMATIC AMINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS VOLUME 127 This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans, which met remotely, 25 May–12 June 2020 LYON, FRANCE - 2021 IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF CARCINOGENIC HAZARDS TO HUMANS ANILINE AND ANILINE HYDROCHLORIDE 1. Exposure Characterization 1.1.2 Structural and molecular formulae, and relative molecular mass 1.1 Identification of the agent (a) Aniline 1.1.1 Nomenclature NH2 (a) Aniline Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: 62-53-3 EC No.: 200-539-3 Molecular formula: C H N IUPAC systematic name: aniline 6 7 Relative molecular mass: 93.13 (NCBI, 2020a). Synonyms and abbreviations: benzenamine; phenylamine; aminobenzene; aminophen; (b) Aniline hydrochloride aniline oil. NH2 (b) Aniline hydrochloride Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: 142-04-1 EC No.: 205-519-8 HCl IUPAC systematic name: aniline hydro - Molecular formula: C6H8ClN chloride Relative molecular mass: 129.59 (NCBI, Synonyms: aniline chloride; anilinium chlo- 2020b). ride; benzenamine hydrochloride; aniline. HCl; phenylamine hydrochloride; phenylam- monium chloride. 1.1.3 Chemical and physical properties of the pure substance Aniline is a basic compound and will undergo acid–base reactions. Aniline and its hydrochlo- ride salt will achieve a pH-dependent acid–base equilibrium in the body. 109 IARC MONOGRAPHS – 127 (a) Aniline Octanol/water partition coefficient (P): log Kow, 0.936, predicted median (US EPA, 2020b) Description: aniline appears as a yellowish Conversion factor: 1 ppm = 5.3 mg/m3 [calcu- to brownish oily liquid with a musty fishy lated from: mg/m3 = (relative molecular odour (NCBI, 2020a), detectable at 1 ppm 3 mass/24.45) × ppm, assuming temperature [3.81 mg/m ] (European Commission, 2016; (25 °C) and pressure (101 kPa)].
    [Show full text]
  • Nitrosamines EMEA-H-A5(3)-1490
    25 June 2020 EMA/369136/2020 Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) Assessment report Procedure under Article 5(3) of Regulation EC (No) 726/2004 Nitrosamine impurities in human medicinal products Procedure number: EMEA/H/A-5(3)/1490 Note: Assessment report as adopted by the CHMP with all information of a commercially confidential nature deleted. Official address Domenico Scarlattilaan 6 ● 1083 HS Amsterdam ● The Netherlands Address for visits and deliveries Refer to www.ema.europa.eu/how-to-find-us Send us a question Go to www.ema.europa.eu/contact Telephone +31 (0)88 781 6000 An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2020. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of contents Table of contents ...................................................................................... 2 1. Information on the procedure ............................................................... 7 2. Scientific discussion .............................................................................. 7 2.1. Introduction......................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Quality and safety aspects ..................................................................................... 7 2.2.1. Root causes for presence of N-nitrosamines in medicinal products and measures to mitigate them............................................................................................................. 8 2.2.2. Presence and formation of N-nitrosamines
    [Show full text]
  • Carcinogenesis
    Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Carcinogenesis CONTENTS Oral Carcinoma and Smokeless Tobacco Use: A Clinical Profile W. Frederick McGuirt and Anna Wray .................................................. 91 Introduction .................................................................................... 91 Patients ............................................................................................ 91 Field Cancerization ......................................................................... 92 Discussion........................................................................................ 93 References ........................................................................................ 95 Chemical Composition of Smokeless Tobacco Products Klaus D. Brunnemann and Dietrich Hoffmann ..................................... 96 Introduction .................................................................................... 96 Chemical Composition ................................................................... 97 Carcinogenic Agents in ST .............................................................. 97 Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines ....................................................... 100 TSNA .............................................................................................. 101 Control of Carcinogens in ST ....................................................... 104 References ...................................................................................... 106 Carcinogenesis of Smokeless Tobacco Dietrich Hoffmann, Abraham
    [Show full text]
  • Sds – Safety Data Sheet
    Effective Date: 02/02/16 Replaces Revision: 01/01/13, 12/22/10 NON-EMERGENCY TELEPHONE 24-HOUR CHEMTREC EMERGENCY TELEPHONE 610-866-4225 800-424-9300 SDS – SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. Identification Product Identifier: N, N – DIMETHYLANILINE Synonyms: Xylidine; N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine; Benzenamine,N,N-Dimethyl-; Dimethylphenylamine Chemical Formula: C6H5N(CH3)2 Recommended Use of the Chemical and Restrictions On Use: Laboratory Reagent Manufacturer / Supplier: Puritan Products; 2290 Avenue A, Bethlehem, PA 18017 Phone: 610-866-4225 Emergency Phone Number: 24-Hour Chemtrec Emergency Telephone 800-424-9300 2. Hazard(s) Identification Classification of the Substance or Mixture: Flammable liquids (Category 4) Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 3) Acute toxicity, Inhalation (Category 3) Acute toxicity, Dermal (Category 3) Skin irritation (Category 3) Eye irritation (Category 2A) Carcinogenicity (Category 2) Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 2) Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 2) Risk Phrases: Symbol: T, N R23/24/25: Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R40: Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. R51/ 53: Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Label Elements: Trade Name: N, N – DIMETHYLANILINE Signal Word: Danger N, N - DIMETHYLANILINE Page 1 of 6 Hazard Statements: H227: Combustible liquid. H301 + H311: Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin. H316: Causes mild skin irritation. H319: Causes serious eye irritation. H331: Toxic if inhaled. H351: Suspected of causing cancer. H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary Statements: P261: Avoid breathing dust / fume / gas / mist / vapors / spray. P273: Avoid release to the environment. P280: Wear protective gloves / protective clothing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conversion of N – Methylaniline and N –, 2 – Dimethylaniline by Using Different Catalysts
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KHALSA PUBLICATIONS I S S N 2 3 2 1 - 8 0 7 X Volume 13 Number8 Journal of Advances in chemistry THE CONVERSION OF N – METHYLANILINE AND N –, 2 – DIMETHYLANILINE BY USING DIFFERENT CATALYSTS Aghayev Akbar Ali1, Musfatayeva Naila Abdulla2, Shahtakhtinskaya Pari Turabkhan3, Muradov Mahal Mayil4, Nasirova Irada Mammad5 1 Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, the Head of the Department of “Petrochemistry and Chemical Technologies”, Sumgait State University, Sumgait, Azerbaijan [email protected] 2 Lead Teacher of the Department of “Chemistry of High Molecular Compounds and Analytical Chemistry”, Sumgait State University, Sumgait, Azerbaijan [email protected] 3 Associate Professor of the Department of “Petroleum Chemistry and Chemical Technologies”, Sumgait State University, Sumgait, Azerbaijan 4 Associate Professor of the Department of “Petroleum Chemistry and Chemical Technologies”, Sumgait State University, Sumgait, Azerbaijan [email protected] 5 Lead Teacher of the Department of “Petroleum Chemistry and Chemical Technologies”, Sumgait State University, Sumgait, Azerbaijan ABSTRACT The catalytic conversion of N – methylaniline and N –, 2 – dimethylaniline in the presence of Pd – HSHM, CuFe2O4·γ·Al2O3 and vanadium – chromium – aluminium (VChA) oxide systems has been investigated. The comparative analysis of the results of the conversion of three different feedstocks with VChA catalyst shows that the xylidines, especially 2,6 – dimethylaniline is formed
    [Show full text]
  • (((4-Methoxyphenyl)Amino)Methyl)-N,N-Dimethylaniline and 2-Methoxy-5-((Phenylamino)Methyl)Phenol
    molbank Communication 4-(((4-Methoxyphenyl)amino)methyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline and 2-Methoxy-5-((phenylamino)methyl)phenol Peter A. Ajibade * and Fartisincha P. Andrew School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Molecular structures of 4-(((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)methyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline and 2-methoxy-5-((phenylamino)methyl)phenol synthesized via Schiff bases reduction route are reported. The compounds consist of asymmetric units of C16H20N2O(1) and C14H15NO2 (2) in orthorhombic and monoclinic crystal systems, respectively. Compound 1 consist of intermolecular C11—H11···N2 hydrogen bonding with C11···N21 = 3.463(4) Å. The hydroxyl group in 2 is also involved in inter- molecular O2—H2···O2 and O2—H2···O21 hydrogen bonding with O2···O11 = 2.8885(15) Å and O1···O21 = 2.9277(5) Å. The molecular structures of the compounds are stabilized by secondary intermolecular interactions of C1—H1B···O11 and C5—H···(C41, C51, C61, C71) for 1 and H···C, C—H···O and N—H···C for 2. The reported compounds are important starting material for the synthesis of many compounds such as azo dyes and dithiocarbamate. Keywords: secondary amines; crystal structure; sodium borohydride; supramolecular structure Citation: Ajibade, P.A.; Andrew, F.P. 1. Introduction 4-(((4-Methoxyphenyl)amino) N-alkylation of primary amines and ammonia, reduction of nitriles and amides in methyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline and the presence of catalyst such as LiAlH4 and NaBH4, tin, or iron have been used for the 2-Methoxy-5-((phenylamino)methyl) preparation of secondary amines [1–5].
    [Show full text]
  • March 20, 2008 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS – Sorted Alphabetically
    HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS – sorted alphabetically CAS CAS Number Chemical Name VOC/PM Number Chemical Name VOC/PM 75-07-0 Acetaldehyde VOC 91-94-1 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine VOC1 60-35-5 Acetamide VOC 111-44-4 Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether) VOC 75-05-8 Acetonitrile VOC 542-75-6 1,3-Dichloropropene VOC 98-86-2 Acetophenone VOC 62-73-7 Dichlorvos VOC 53-96-3 2-Acetylaminofluorene VOC1 111-42-2 Diethanolamine VOC 107-02-8 Acrolein VOC 64-67-5 Diethyl sulfate VOC 79-06-1 Acrylamide VOC 119-90-4 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine VOC1 79-10-7 Acrylic acid VOC 60-11-7 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene VOC1 107-13-1 Acrylonitrile VOC 121-69-7 N,N-Dimethylaniline VOC 107-05-1 Allyl chloride VOC 119-93-7 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine VOC1 92-67-1 4-Aminobiphenyl VOC1 79-44-7 Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride VOC 62-53-3 Aniline VOC 68-12-2 Dimethylformamide VOC 90-04-0 o-Anisidine VOC 57-14-7 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine VOC 0 Antimony Compounds PM 131-11-3 Dimethyl phthalate VOC 0 Arsenic Compounds PM2 77-78-1 Dimethyl sulfate VOC 1332-21-4 Asbestos (friable) PM 534-52-1 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (including salts) VOC1 71-43-2 Benzene VOC 51-28-5 2,4-Dinitrophenol VOC1 92-87-5 Benzidine VOC1 121-14-2 2,4-Dinitrotoluene VOC 98-07-7 Benzotrichloride VOC 123-91-1 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethylene oxide) VOC 100-44-7 Benzyl chloride VOC 122-66-7 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine VOC 0 Beryllium Compounds PM 106-89-8 Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) VOC 92-52-4 Biphenyl VOC 106-88-7 1,2-Epoxybutane (1,2-Butylene oxide) VOC 542-88-1 Bis(chloromethyl) ether VOC 140-88-5 Ethyl acrylate VOC
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanisms of Cancer Induction by Tobacco-Specific NNK and NNN
    Cancers 2014, 6, 1138-1156; doi:10.3390/cancers6021138 OPEN ACCESS cancers ISSN 2072-6694 www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers Review Mechanisms of Cancer Induction by Tobacco-Specific NNK and NNN Jiaping Xue 1, Suping Yang 2 and Seyha Seng 2,* 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel: +1-617-667-0090; Fax: +1-617-975-5240. Received: 6 February 2014; in revised form: 13 April 2014 / Accepted: 28 April 2014 / Published: 14 May 2014 Abstract: Tobacco use is a major public health problem worldwide. Tobacco-related cancers cause millions of deaths annually. Although several tobacco agents play a role in the development of tumors, the potent effects of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are unique. Metabolically activated NNK and NNN induce deleterious mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppression genes by forming DNA adducts, which could be considered as tumor initiation. Meanwhile, the binding of NNK and NNN to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor promotes tumor growth by enhancing and deregulating cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion, thereby creating a microenvironment for tumor growth. These two unique aspects of NNK and NNN synergistically induce cancers in tobacco-exposed individuals. This review will discuss various types of tobacco products and tobacco-related cancers, as well as the molecular mechanisms by which nitrosamines, such as NNK and NNN, induce cancer.
    [Show full text]
  • A Database of Chemical Compounds Present in Smokeless Tobacco
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN SLTChemDB: A database of chemical compounds present in Smokeless tobacco products Received: 23 July 2018 Jasmine Kaur1,2, Arun Sharma1,2, Amit Kumar2, Deeksha Bhartiya2, Dhirendra Narain Sinha3, Accepted: 26 April 2019 Suchitra Kumari2, Ruchika Gupta4, Ravi Mehrotra3,4 & Harpreet Singh1,2 Published: xx xx xxxx Smokeless tobacco (SLT), a cause of potentially preventable diseases, has a diverse chemical composition encompassing toxicants as well as potent carcinogens. Though the chemical profle of SLT products has been analyzed earlier, this information is not available in a comprehensive and easily accessible format. Hence, there is an imperative felt need to develop a one-stop information source providing inclusive information on SLT products. SLTChemDB is the frst such database that makes available detailed information on various properties of chemical compounds identifed across diferent brands of SLT products. The primary information for the database was extracted through extensive literature search, which was further curated from popular chemical web servers and databases. At present, SLTChemDB contains comprehensive information on 233 unique chemical compounds and 82 SLT products. The database has been made user-friendly with facility for systematic search and flters. SLTChemDB would provide the initial data on chemical compounds in SLT products to various tobacco testing laboratories. The database also highlights research gaps and thus, would be a guide for researchers interested in chemistry and toxicology of SLT products. With regular update of information in the database, it shall be a valuable evidence base for policymakers to formulate stringent policies for SLT control. Consumption of SLT is a global menace, estimated to account for approximately 0.65 million deaths per year1.
    [Show full text]
  • Localories Per Mole
    LOS ALAMOS SERIES ON DYNAMIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES LOS ALAMOS DATA CENTER FOR DYNAMIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Charles L. Mader Program Manager Terry R. Gibbs Explosive Data Editor Charles E. Morris Shock Wave Profile Editor Stanley P. Marsh Equation of State Editor Alphonse Popolato Explosive Data Editor Martha S. Hoyt Computer Applications Analyst Kasha V. Thayer Technical Editor Sharon L. Crane Technical Editor John F. Barnes Richard D. Dick John W. Hopson, Jr. James N. Johnson Elisabeth Marshall Timothy R. Neal Suzanne W. Peterson Raymond N. Rogers John W. Taylor Melvin T. Thieme Jerry D. Wackerle John M. Walsh . 111 LASL EXPLOSIVE PROPERTY DATA Editors - Terry R. Gibbs Alphonse Popolato CONTRIBUTORS John F. Baytos Bobby G. Craig Arthur W. Campbell William E. Deal Jerry J. Dick Robert H. Dinegar Raymond P. Engelke Thomas E. Larson Elisabeth Marshall John B. Ramsay Raymond N. Rogers Diane Soran Manuel J. Urizar Jerry D. Wackerle UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley l Los Angeles l London University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England Copyright @ 1980 by The Regents of the University of California ISBN o-520-040 12-O Series ISBN O-520-04007-4 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 80-53635 Printed in the United States of America 123456789 vi CONTENTS PART I. EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVES ................ 1 Baratol ............................................................. 3 Composition B ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Some Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines
    SOME TOBACCO-SPECIFIC N-NITROSAMINES SOME TOBACCO-SPECIFIC N-NITROSAMINES Four tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA), namely, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N′-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) were considered by a previous Working Group in October 1984 (IARC, 1985). Since that time, new data have become available and are presented in this monograph. In addition to these compounds, new TSNA have been identified (Figure 1) and their concentrations in tobacco and tobacco smoke have been assessed. The occurrence of 4- (methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid (iso-NNAC), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-4-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanol (iso-NNAL) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in tobacco is reported in the monograph on Smokeless Tobacco; however, as a result of the limited data available, these TSNA have not been considered in the present evaluation. This monograph does not consider the exposure of workers involved in the production of these compounds, which are used solely for laboratory research purposes. 1. Exposure Data 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) 1.1 Chemical and physical data 1.1.1 Synonyms and trade names Chem. Abstr. Services Reg. No.: 64091-91-4 Chem. Abstr. Name: 1-Butanone, 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)- IUPAC Systematic Name: 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone Synonym: 4-(N-Methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone –421– 422 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 89 1.1.2 Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass ONCH3 NO N C10H13N3O2 Relative molecular mass: 207.2 1.1.3 Chemical and physical properties of the pure substance From Toronto Research Chemicals (2005, 2006), unless otherwise specified (a) Description: Light-yellow crystalline solid (b) Melting-point: 61–63 °C (c) Spectroscopy data: Infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra have been reported (IARC, 1985).
    [Show full text]