DOCSLIB.ORG

English Uruguay Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
English Uruguay Report Readiness Preparation Proposal (R-PP) THE ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY Date of submission: 31/07/2013 (Revised version: 08/11/2013) Version 6 Working Draft April 20, 2012 Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) The United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD) Disclaimer: The World Bank and the UN-REDD Programme do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in the Readiness Preparation Proposals (R-PPs) submitted by REDD Country Participants and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in the R-PPs do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Note: This version is for use by: 1) FCPF REDD+ Country Participants submitting revised or new R-PPs to the FCPF FMT for PC 12 meeting in Colombia, June 27 – 29, 2012 or afterwards. 2) UN -REDD countries submitting National Programmes, as agreed. 1 Table of Contents Contents Component 1: Organization and Consultation ...................................................................................... 10 1a. National Readiness Management Arrangements ..................................................................... 10 1a.1 Institutional and Regulatory Framework ............................................................................... 10 1a.2 Institutions and relevant stakeholders to manage preparation .................................................... 11 1a.3 Roles of relevant stakeholders ........................................................................................... 16 1a.4 Existing National Coordination Mechanisms ............................................................................ 21 1a.5 Proposed National Coordinating Mechanism for Redd + ............................................................. 23 1b. Information Sharing and Early Dialogue with Key Stakeholder Groups ................................ 28 1b.1 Relevant information for readiness management .................................................................... 28 1b. 2 Stakeholders ................................................................................................................ 29 1b.3 Relevant Background to Citizen Engagement in the early REDD+ dialogue ..................................... 30 1b.4 Early REDD+ Dialogue ...................................................................................................... 32 1c. Consultation and Participation Process .................................................................................... 35 1c. 1 Aims of the consultation process ........................................................................................ 35 1c.2 Mechanisms proposed for the consultation and participation process ........................................... 35 Component 2: Preparation of the REDD+ Strategy ............................................................................... 43 2a. Assessment of Land Use, Land Use Change Drivers, Forest Law, Policy and Governance ... 43 2a.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 43 2a.2 Land ownership and use ................................................................................................... 44 2a.3 Sectors that interact with the forest ................................................................................... 48 2a.4 Regulatory Framework ..................................................................................................... 50 2a.5 Native Forest Situation .................................................................................................... 53 2b. REDD+ Strategy Options ........................................................................................................ 68 2b.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 68 2b.2 National REDD + Strategy ................................................................................................. 70 2b.3 Objectives of the National Redd + Strategy ........................................................................... 70 2b.4 action lines REDD + strategy .............................................................................................. 72 2c. Framework for implementation of REDD + ............................................................................ 91 2c.1 National Legal Framework ................................................................................................ 91 2c.2 International commitments ............................................................................................... 96 2c.3 REDD+ Implementation Framework ...................................................................................... 97 2d. Social and environmental impacts during REDD+ preparation and implementation ........... 104 2d.1 Social impacts .............................................................................................................. 104 2d.2 Environmental impacts ................................................................................................... 105 Component 3: Development of a National Forest Reference Emission Level and/or a Forest Reference Level ..................................................................................................................................... 111 3.1 Historical data available on the drivers of deforestation and degradation and other REDD + activities 111 3.2 National circumstances that may affect the proposed reference level ........................................... 123 3.3 Potential approach to RL or REL.......................................................................................... 124 3.4 REL or RL integrated into the national mechanisms proposed for managing preparation ..................... 125 3.5 Work Plan for preparing the REL or RL .................................................................................. 126 Component 4: Design of systems for national forest monitoring and information on safeguards . 130 4a. National Forest Monitoring System ....................................................................................... 130 4a.1 Importance of MRV for REDD + .......................................................................................... 130 4a.2 Elements for MRV: National Forest and Greenhouse Gases Inventories .......................................... 131 4b. Design of an Information System for Multiple Benefits, Other Impacts, Governance and Safeguards 135 4b.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 135 2 4b.2 Introduction to the development of indicators ...................................................................... 135 4b.3 Information on indicators ................................................................................................ 136 4b.4 Proposed Work Plan ....................................................................................................... 138 Component 5: Schedule and Budget .................................................................................................... 140 5.1.Budget .................................................................................................................................... 140 5.2.Schedule ................................................................................................................................. 153 Component 6: Design of a Framework for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Program .................... 159 3 General Information Contact Information LEAD OFFICIAL Name Arq. JORGE RUCKS Position National Director for the Environment Organization Ministry of Housing, Land Management and Environment (MVOTMA),National Environment Office (DINAMA) Address Galicia 1133. Montevideo, Uruguay. Telephone +598 29170710 ext 4551 Fax Email [email protected] Website www.mvotma.gub.uy DAY-TO-DAY CONTACT Name Ing. Luis Santos Position Director of the Climate Change Unit Organization Ministry of Housing, Land Management and Environment (MVOTMA),National Environment Office (DINAMA) Address Galicia 1133. Montevideo, Uruguay. Telephone +598 29170710 ext 4306 Fax Email [email protected] Website www. cambioclimatico.gub.uy R-PP DEVELOPMENT TEAM Name Organization Ing. Agr. Eduardo van Hoff IDB Consultant. Ing. Agr. Agustín Inthamoussu Partner of IDB Consultant Ing. Luis Santos MVOTMA, DINAMA, Climate Change Unit. Ing. Magdalena Preve MVOTMA, DINAMA, Climate Change Unit. Ing. Agr. Cecilia Penengo MVOTMA, DINAMA, Climate Change Unit. Lic. Víctor Cantón MVOTMA, DINAMA, Biodiversity and Protected Areas Division. Ing. Agr. Pedro Soust MGAP, Director, General Forestry Department Ing. Agr. Ricardo Echeverría MGAP, General Forestry Department Ing. Agr. Juan Pablo Nebel MGAP, General Forestry Department SUMMARY OF THE R-PP Dates of R-PP preparation (beginning to submission): 01/06/2013 to 08/11/2013 Expected duration of R-PP implementation (month/year to January 2014 to December 2017 month/year): Total budget estimate: US$6.47 million 4 Anticipated sources of funding: From FCPF: US$3.8 million From UN-REDD: Government contribution (in cash): US$2.67 million Other source: Other
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Holland America's Shore Excursion Brochure
    Continental Capers Travel and Cruises ms Westerdam November 27, 2020 shore excursions Page 1 of 51 Welcome to Explorations Central™ Why book your shore excursions with Holland America Line? Experts in Each Destination n Working with local tour operators, we have carefully curated a collection of enriching adventures. These offer in-depth travel for first- Which Shore Excursions Are Right for You? timers and immersive experiences for seasoned Choose the tours that interest you by using the icons as a general guide to the level of activity alumni. involved, and select the tours best suited to your physical capabilities. These icons will help you to interpret this brochure. Seamless Travel Easy Activity: Very light activity including short distances to walk; may include some steps. n Pre-cruise, on board the ship, and after your cruise, you are in the best of hands. With the assistance Moderate Activity: Requires intermittent effort throughout, including walking medium distances over uneven surfaces and/or steps. of our dedicated call center, the attention of our Strenuous Activity: Requires active participation, walking long distances over uneven and steep terrain or on on-board team, and trustworthy service at every steps. In certain instances, paddling or other non-walking activity is required and guests must be able to stage of your journey, you can truly travel without participate without discomfort or difficulty breathing. a care. Panoramic Tours: Specially designed for guests who enjoy a slower pace, these tourss offer sightseeing mainly from the transportation vehicle, with few or no stops, and no mandatory disembarkation from the vehicle Our Best Price Guarantee during the tour.
    [Show full text]
  • U R U G U a Y
    Telephone: 598 26040329 U R U G U A Y ext. 1260, 1463 Dirección Nacional de Aviación Civil e Infraestructura Aeronáutica AMDT Telefax: 598 26040067 Servicio de Información Aeronáutica NR 56 AFTN: SUMUYNYX Aeropuerto Intl de Carrasco “Gral. Cesáreo L. Berisso” 01 DEC 2018 e-mail: [email protected] 14000 Canelones The entries with an indicator (!) at the margin indicates changes in the paragraph EFFECTIVE DATE: 01 DEC 2018 - 03:01 UTC THIS AMDT MUST NOT BE INSERTED INTO THE AIP BEFORE THE EFFECTIVE DATE. HOWEVER, IT IS SUGGESTED TO STUDY ITS CONTENT BEFORE THAT DATE. 1. INSERT AND/OR DESTROY THE FOLLOWING PAGES: DESTROY INSERT GEN GEN 0.4-1 ........................................ 11 OCT 2018 0.4-1............................... 01 DEC 2018 0.4-2 ........................................ 11 OCT 2018 0.4-2............................... 01 DEC 2018 0.4-3 ........................................ 11 OCT 2018 0.4-3............................... 01 DEC 2018 0.4-4 ........................................ 01 APR 2018 0.4-4............................... 01 DEC 2018 0.4-5 ........................................ 01 AUG 2018 0.4-5............................... 01 DEC 2018 0.4-6 ........................................ 01 DEC 2017 1.5-1....... ................................. 02 JAN 2017 1.5-1............................... 01 DEC 2018 1.6-1 ........................................ 02 JAN 2017 1.6-1............................... 01 DEC 2018 1.6-2 ........................................ 01 APR 2002 1.6-3 ........................................ 01 APR 2002 1.6-4 ........................................ 01 APR 2014 1.6-5 ........................................ 01 DEC 2010 1.6-6 ........................................ 01 DEC 2010 1.6-7 ........................................ 01 APR 2014 1.6-8 ........................................ 01 APR 2014 1.6-9 ........................................ 01 APR 2014 1.6-10 ...................................... 02 JAN 2017 1.6-11 ...................................... 01 APR 2014 1.6-12 .....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Credit Constraints in Latin America: an Overview of the Micro Evidence
    Credit Constraints in Latin America: An Overview of the Micro Evidence Arturo Galindo* Fabio Schiantarelli** *Inter-American Development Bank **Boston College and IZA September 2002 Abstract1 This paper summarizes and discusses new evidence on the nature, extent, evolution and consequences of financing constraints in Latin America. The countries covered are: Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, and Uruguay. All the new contributions share the characteristics of being based on microdata. Most of the data sources are firm’s balance sheets. For Argentina information on debt contracts and credit history is also available, while for Costa Rica personal information on entrepreneurs was also collected. Some of the papers investigate the determinants of firms’ financing choices, and the consequences of access or debt composition on performance. Other papers attempt to assess the severity of financing constraints, by focusing on firms’ investment choices. All the papers (but one) were part of the project “Determinants and Consequences of Financial Constraints Facing Firms in Latin America and the Caribbean,” financed by the IADB. However, other recent micro-econometric contributions are discussed as well. The results suggest that access to credit (and its cost) depends not only upon favorable balance sheet characteristics, but also upon the closeness of the relationship between firms and banks as well as credit history. Access to long-term loans and to loans denominated in foreign currency is positively related to the size and tangibility of firms’ assets and negatively related to measures of country risk. Moreover, firms that have foreign participation appear to be less financially constrained in their investment decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • John Benjamins Publishing Company
    John Benjamins Publishing Company This is a contribution from New Approaches to Language Attitudes in the Hispanic and Lusophone World. Edited by Talia Bugel and Cecilia Montes-Alcalá. © 2020. John Benjamins Publishing Company This electronic file may not be altered in any way. The author(s) of this article is/are permitted to use this PDF file to generate printed copies to be used by way of offprints, for their personal use only. Permission is granted by the publishers to post this file on a closed server which is accessible to members (students and staff) only of the author’s/s’ institute, it is not permitted to post this PDF on the open internet. For any other use of this material prior written permission should be obtained from the publishers or through the Copyright Clearance Center (for USA: www.copyright.com). Please contact [email protected] or consult our website: www.benjamins.com Tables of Contents, abstracts and guidelines are available at www.benjamins.com Attitudes toward Portuguese in Uruguay in the nineteenth century Virginia Bertolotti and Magdalena Coll Universidad de la República The Uruguay-Brazil border has been a porous geographical area since colonial times, giving rise to intense contact between Portuguese and Spanish, further fostered by a shared economic and demographic foundation. Here we analyze at- titudes toward border Portuguese and that language in general in the Uruguayan territory during the Luso-Brazilian military occupation (1816–1828) and later in the century and identify two parallel realities: a predominant neutral attitude toward Portuguese, as the language was not an object of evaluation; and the ex- istence of negative attitudes toward Portuguese promoted by the authorities in Montevideo.
    [Show full text]
  • Uruguay: Two Years of Monetary Policy in Adverse Conditions
    Uruguay: Two Years Of Monetary Policy In Adverse Conditions Daniel Dominioni1 DRAFT 28th September 2.004 Abstract In 2.002 the Uruguayan economy faced a deep crisis. One of the consequences of this crisis was that the exchange rate regime (a target zone) had to be abandoned and a free- floating scheme was introduced. Thus, the monetary policy had to be redesigned. This paper analyzes the framework in which this new policy was implemented, the problems faced, and the strategy followed by the Central Bank to keep the inflation under control and to regain credibility and reputation. This process should lead to the introduction of an inflation-targeting regime. The main difficulties for the implementation of such regime, and the characteristics this should have in the Uruguayan economy are also the subject of this paper. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and should not be attributed to de Central Bank of Uruguay 1 Central Bank of Uruguay 1 Table of contents I. INTRODUCTION 1. A brief history of the inflationary process 2. The dollarization of the economy 3. The crisis II. THE MONETARY POLICY AFTER JUNE 2.002 1. The election of a new regime: between a rock and a hard place 2. The program based in the control of money aggregates 3. The challenges of the new policy 4. The monetary base definition 5. The projection process 6. The implementation of the monetary policy 7. The evolution of the monetary policy 8. The development of new instruments III. TOWARDS AN INFLATION TARGETING REGIME? 1.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    DRAFT FOR STAFF USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION IN URUGUAY: SUCCESS OR FAILURE? Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Felipe Larrai'n B. (Consultant) CPO Discussion Paper No. 1987-1 February 1987 Public Disclosure Authorized CPD Discussion Papers report on work in progress and are circulated for Bank staff use to stimulate discussion and comment. The views and interpretations are those of the authors. FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION IN URUGUAY: SUCCESS OR FAILURE? Felipe Larrain B.* (Consultant) *Pontificia Universidad CAtolica de Chile. I have benefited from enlightening discussions with Edgardo Barandiaran. I would also like to thank Domingo Cavallo, Ricardo L6pez-Murphy, Carlos A. Rodriguez and other participants of the First Annual Economic Meetings organized by the Central Bank of Uruguay for their comments. Abstract The recent developments of Argentina, Uruguay and Chile during the seventies, all of which pursued a liberalization of their markets, ended up in deep crashes during the early eighties. Mostly based on these experiences, Diaz-Alejandro has challenged the supposed benefits of full-range financial deregulation, arguing for caution in the liberalization process, with the government playing an important role, especially as regulatory agent. This paper attempts to draw some lessons out of the Uruguayan experience, which started with a broad range of reforms in 1974. After discussing the relevant developments of the economy before 1974 and the different policy periods in which the Uruguayan reforms could be divided, the analysis centers on the liberalization of financial markets, both with respect to international transactions and domestically. As a result of the reforms, financial deepening did occur at the macro level, even if it was geared from the outset towards foreign assets.
    [Show full text]
  • Uruguay in Focus a Quarterly Bulletin Issued by the Debt Management Unit of the Ministry of Economy and Finance October 2019
    Uruguay in focus A quarterly bulletin issued by the Debt Management Unit of the Ministry of Economy and Finance October 2019 Results of the Presidential and 1) REAL SECTOR electricity (that more than offset lower legislative elections on October 27th: exports of cattle, leather and rice). ruling Broad Front party and The Uruguayan GDP increased 0.1% opposition National Party advance to in 2019Q2 YoY; in seasonally Finally, imports decreased 0.3% YoY in the run-off in end-November; no adjusted terms, it grew 0.3% with the second quarter, chiefly as a result of majority in Congress from either party. respect to the first quarter. lower goods imports, and within these, machinery and equipment. General elections were held on October In the second quarter of 2019, the 27th, and candidates Mr. Daniel Martínez economy expanded a slight 0.1% in On the other hand, imports of services (ruling Broad Front) and Mr. Luis comparison to the same period last grew mainly because of an increase in Lacalle Pou (National Party) will face in year, while it grew 0.3% in seasonally outbound turism, yet they could not a run-off scheduled for November 24th. adjusted terms with respect to the first offset the afformentioned decline in According to latest official numbers, the quarter. imports of goods. incumbent party got 39.2% of total votes, National Party 28.6%, followed by Demand Components Production Sectors Colorado Party and Cabildo Abierto Party with 12.3% and 10.8% of the From the expenditure side, the Regarding the performance of the ballot, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Montevideo, Uruguay, 2 - 3 October 2019
    Report on the IX Reflection Forum 2019 “Building inclusive societies under the new development paradigm” Montevideo, Uruguay, 2 - 3 October 2019 Executive Summary On 2 and 3 October 2019 the IX EU-LAC Reflection Forum took place in Montevideo (Uruguay), jointly organised by the Uruguayan Agency for International Cooperation (AUCI), the Uruguayan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations (ECLAC), the EUROsociAL+ Programme and the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB). In accordance with its mandate to promote debate on matters of priority to the EU-LAC Strategic Association and to encourage contributions to the inter-governmental process from the economic and academic sectors and other sectors of civil society, the EU-LAC Foundation regularly organises Reflection Forums in its member states. The specific objectives of the Reflection Forums are: (i) to provide an informal platform for discussion between officials and academic experts and other sectors of civil society, concerning EU-LAC relations, (ii) to discuss progress made and challenges encountered in bi-regional relations and (iii) to feed into analyses with fresh perceptions, as well as to make recommendations for action. Discussions in the Reflection Forums take place under “Chatham House” rules, and the format attempts to generate an atmosphere of respect and mutual trust, thus facilitating the open and informal exchange of points of view and perspectives between the participants, in a truly bi-regional approach. The specific topic of the IX Reflection Forum was: “Building inclusive societies under the new development paradigm”.
    [Show full text]
  • Vulnerability of Family Livestock Farming on the Livramento-Rivera Border of Brazil and Uruguay: Comparative Analysis
    Vulnerability of family livestock farming on the Livramento-Rivera border of Brazil and Uruguay: Comparative analysis Paulo D. Waquil1* Marcio Z. Neske1 Claudio M. Ribeiro2,3 Fabio E. Schlick2 Tanice Andreatta4 Cleiton Perleberg4 Marcos F.S. Borba5 Jose P. Trindade5 Rafael Carriquiry6,7 Italo Malaquin7 Alejandro Saravia7,8 Mario Gonzales9 Livio S.D. Claudino10 Keywords Summary Cattle, family farm, risk factor, Social, ecological, and economic sciences have all shown interest in studying ET FILIÈRES SYSTÈMES D’ÉLEVAGE Brazil, Uruguay the social group called family livestock farmers. The main characteristic of this ■ group, which is present in the Pampa biome in Southern Brazil and Uruguay, Accepted: 21 December 2014; Published: is beef cattle production based on family work on small lands, expressing an 25 March 2016 autonomous way of life which is, however, highly dependent on strong relations with the physical environment and marked by risk aversion. In this study we made a comparative analysis of vulnerability factors of family livestock farm- ing in Brazil and Uruguay. We also compared these social actors’ perceptions of risks, and the strategies built to mitigate threats. A survey was thus carried out and included 16 family livestock farmers’ interviews, eight in each country, near the cities of Santana do Livramento (Brazil) and Rivera (Uruguay). Although these cities are next to each other on each side of the border and thus present environmental similarities, we chose them because family farming was not sub- jected to the same political and economic conditions which might (or might not) have influenced farmers’ perceptions and reactions. Results showed that live- stock farmers were mainly affected by vulnerabilities arising from external ele- ments such as the climate (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Uruguay Banks
    ATTACHMENT FOR URUGUAY 1. QI is subject to the following laws and regulations of Uruguay governing the requirements of QI to obtain documentation confirming the identity of QI’s account holders. (i) Decree Law No. 15.322 of September 17, 1982, with amendments introduced by Law No. 16.327 of November 11, 1992. (ii) Law No. 16.696 of March 30, 1995. (iii) Law No. 17.016 of October 22, 1998. (iv) Circular No. 1.712 of October 13, 2000. (v) Circular No. 1.713 of October 13, 2000. (vi) Circular No. 1.715 of October 27, 2000. (vii) Circular No. 1.722 of December 21, 2000. (viii) Circular No. 1.738 of February 19, 2001. (ix) Communication No.93/68 of June 3, 1983. 2. QI represents that the laws and regulations identified in item 1 are enforced by the following enforcement bodies and QI shall provide the IRS with an English translation of any reports or other documentation issued by these enforcement bodies that are relevant to QI’s function as a qualified intermediary. (i) The Central Bank of Uruguay (ii) The Financial Information and Analysis Unit 3. QI represents that the following penalties apply for failure to obtain, maintain, and evaluate documentation obtained under the laws and regulations identified in item 1. (i) Fines up to 50% of the minimum net worth established for operation of banks; (ii) Intervention, which may be accompanied by total or partial replacement of authorities. When intervention is accomplished by total replacement of authorities, it shall imply the total lapsing of all commissions and mandates granted by the Central Bank of Uruguay and the suspension, for twenty business days, of all types of terms that may be applicable to the intervened enterprise; (iii) Total or partial suspension of activities for an express period of time; (iv) Temporary or final revocation of the charter of the financial institution; or (v) Revocation of authorization to operate.
    [Show full text]
  • Livestock Farming Embedded in Local Development: Functional Perspective En Recherche Agronomique Pour Le Développement to Alleviate Vulnerability of Rural Communities
    Contents Sommaire LiFLoD Livestock Farming & Local Development Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina 31 March – 1 April 2011 www.liflod.org Workshop held during the 9th International Rangeland Congress ISSN 1951-6711 Publication du Centre de coopération internationale 51-53 Livestock farming embedded in local development: Functional perspective en recherche agronomique pour le développement to alleviate vulnerability of rural communities. Tourrand J.-F., Waquil P.D., Sraïri M.T., http://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/REMVT http://www.cirad.fr/ Hubert B. (in English) Directeur de la publication / Publication Director: LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS AND VALUE CHAINS Michel Eddi, PDG / President & CEO SYSTÈMES D’ÉLEVAGE ET FILIÈRES Rédacteurs en chef / Editors-in-Chief: Gilles Balança, Denis Bastianelli, Frédéric Stachurski 55-59 Vulnerability of family livestock farming on the Livramento-Rivera border of Brazil and Uruguay: Comparative analysis. Vulnérabilité des éleveurs familiaux à la Rédacteurs associés / Associate Editors: Guillaume Duteurtre, Bernard Faye, Flavie Goutard, frontière entre Livramento et Rivera au Brésil et en Uruguay : analyse comparative. Waquil Vincent Porphyre P.D., Neske M.Z., Ribeiro C.M., Schlick F.E., Andreatta T., Perleberg C., Borba M.F.S., Trindade J.P., Carriquiry R., Malaquin I., Saravia A., Gonzales M., Claudino L.S.D. (in English) Coordinatrice d’édition / Publishing Coordinator: Marie-Cécile Maraval 61-67 Opportunism and persistence in milk production in the Brazilian Traductrices/Translators: Amazonia. Opportunisme et persistance dans la production de lait en Amazonie Marie-Cécile Maraval (anglais), brésilienne. De Carvalho S.A., Poccard-Chapuis R., Tourrand J.-F. (in English) Suzanne Osorio-da Cruz (espagnol) Webmestre/Webmaster: Christian Sahut 69-74 Rangeland management in the Qilian mountains, Tibetan plateau, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Banks Digital Currency: Detection of Optimal Countries for the Implementation of a CBDC and the Implication for Payment Industry Open Innovation
    Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity Article Central Banks Digital Currency: Detection of Optimal Countries for the Implementation of a CBDC and the Implication for Payment Industry Open Innovation Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso * , Javier Jorge-Vazquez * and Ricardo Francisco Reier Forradellas DEKIS Research Group, Department of Economics, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Avila, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.N.A.); [email protected] (J.J.-V.) Abstract: This article analyzes the current situation of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), which are digital currencies backed by a central bank. It introduces their current status, and how several countries and currency areas are considering their implementation, following in the footsteps of the Bahamas (which has already implemented them in its territory), China (which has already completed two pilot tests) and Uruguay (which has completed a pilot test). First, the sample of potential candidate countries for establishing a CBDC was selected. Second, the motives for implementing a CBDC were collected, and variables were assigned to these motives. Once the two previous steps had been completed, bivariate correlation statistical methods were applied (Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlation), obtaining a sample of the countries with the highest correlation with the Bahamas, China, and Uruguay. The results obtained show that the Baltic Sea area (Lithuania, Estonia, and Finland) is configured within Europe as an optimal area for implementing a CBDC. Citation: Náñez Alonso, S.L.; In South America, Uruguay (already included in the comparison) and Brazil show very positive Jorge-Vazquez, J.; Reier Forradellas, results. In the case of Asia, together with China, Malaysia also shows a high correlation with the R.F.
    [Show full text]