William Morris 30.06.–06.10.2019

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William Morris 30.06.–06.10.2019 William Morris 30.06.–06.10.2019 Alræði fegurðar!Let Beauty Rule! William Morris 1834–1896 William Morris (1834–1896) fæddist inn í vel- 1851 megandi millistéttarfjölskyldu í Walthamstow – William Morris hættir í Marlborough í London. Á þessum tíma var þar blómleg sveit College. og áhugi hins unga Williams Morris beindist jafnt að dýrum og náttúrunni og lestri. Hann 1853 var sendur í guðfræðinám til Oxford þar sem – William Morris hefur guðfræðinám við hann kynntist upprendandi listamanni að Exeter College í Oxford þar sem hann nafni Edward Burne-Jones, en þeir félagar stofnar til ævilangrar vináttu við Edward deildu áhuga á listum og arkitektúr. William Burne-Jones (1833–1898). Þeir deila Morris hætti háskólanámi til að gerast arkitekt áhuga á list og arkitektúr miðalda, sér- og hóf starfsnám hjá arkitektastofu í London. staklega trúrlegrar listar og arkitektúrs. Lærimeistari hans var Philip Webb sem varð – William Morris kemst í kynni við skrif Johns náinn vinur hans til æviloka. Eftir nokkra Ruskin, sem hafa gríðarleg áhrif á hann. mánuði breytti William Morris aftur um stefnu og ákvað að gerast listamaður. Hann hafði 1854 kynnst listamönnum í forrafaelítahópnum en – William Morris ferðast til Belgíu og Norður- þeir voru jafnákafir aðdáendur miðalda og Frakklands. Í Belgíu kynnist hann lista- þeir Morris og Burne-Jones. William Morris verkum Jans van Eyck og Hans Memling. varð ekki listamaður en fann þess í stað köllun Í Norður-Frakklandi skoðar hann aðallega í hönnun og handverki auk þess sem hann gotneskar kirkjur. beindi líka kröftum sínum að ritstörfum. 1855 Fólkið sem William Morris kynntist á – Ferðast til Frakklands, í þetta sinn með ungaaldri myndaði kjarnahóp skapandi Edward Burne-Jones og William Fulford. einstaklinga sem hafði það að markmiði að – William Morris skrifar móður sinni um umbreyta breskri list, arkitektúr og hand- að hann ætli sér að verða arkitekt. Hann verki. Nokkrir þeirra stofnuðu og gerðust hættir í guðfræðináminu og gerist þess meðeigendur í fyrirtækinu Morris, Marshall, í stað lærlingur hjá nýgotneska arkitekt- Faulkner and Co. Tengslanetið sem þeir inum G.E. Street. Lærimeistari hans er mynduðu varð grunnurinn að handíðahreyf- Philip Webb sem verður vinur hans allt til ingunni – British Arts & Crafts Movement. dauðadags. 1834 1856 – William Morris fæðist 24. mars inn í – William Morris birtir og fjármagnar fyrstu velmegandi millistéttarfjölskyldu í Elm útgáfu af tímaritinu The Oxford and House, Walthamstow í Englandi Viktoríu- Cambridge Magazine. Tímaritið er m.a. tímans (1837–1901). gefið út af William Morris og Edward Burne-Jones og inniheldur greinar, sögur, 1847 gagnrýni og ljóð. – Faðir hans, William Morris eldri, – William Morris og Edward Burne-Jones deyr 50 ára að aldri. leigja herbergi við 17 Red Lion Square í London. Þetta var óinnréttuð íbúð sem 1848 hafði áður hýst meðlimi Bræðralags – Morris-fjölskyldan flytur í Water House, forrafaelíta. Morris og Burne-Jones Walthamstow, sem hýsir William Morris hanna húsgögn fyrir húsnæðið. Gallery í dag. – Hvattur áfram af Rossetti, hverfur – William Morris, hefur nám við Marl- William Morris frá því að verða arkitekt borough College þrettán ára gamall. og fer að mála. – Bræðralag forrafaelíta er stofnað af Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Everett Millais og William Holman Hunt. Bræðralagið var hópur breskra listamanna sem sótti inn- blástur í list frá tímum fyrir endurreisnar- málarann Rafael (1483–1520). 1857 1864 – William Morris, Dante Gabriel Rossetti og – Fyrstu veggfóðrin, Trellis og Daisy, eru Edward Burne-Jones leigja vistarverur framleidd og prentuð hjá Jeffery & Co. við 87 High Street, Oxford, gegnt Queen’s Þau eru dýr í framleiðslu þar sem að bæði College. Undir handleiðslu Rossettis mynstrin eru með 12 litum og þurfa því skreyta þeir málfundaherbergi Oxford 12 plötur (eina fyrir hvern lit) Union með veggmyndum. – Horfið frá hugmyndinni um að deila Red – William Morris kynnist tilvonandi konu House með Burne-Jones-fjölskyldunni. sinni, Jane Burden (1839–1914). 1865 1858 – Red House selt. – Fyrsta ljóðasafn Williams Morris, The – Morris-fjölskyldan flytur að 26 Queen Defence of Guenevere & Other Poems, Square í London og fyrirtækið opnar kemur út. Hann birtir um 40 bókmennta- verslun á sama stað. verk yfir ævina, þar á meðal ljóðasöfn, skáldsögur, stefnuyfirlýsingar og 1867 almenna texta. Hann er vel þekktur – Fyrirtækið er fengið til að innrétta borð- rithöfundur og ljóðskáld í Englandi. stofu í South Kensington safninu, síðar nefnt Victoria and Albert Museum sem er 1859 opið almenningi í dag. – William Morris og Jane Burden gefin saman þann 26. apríl í St. Michael í North 1868 Gate Church, Ship Street, Oxford. – William Morris lærir íslensku hjá Eiríki Magnússyni, fræðimanni og bókaverði 1860 í Cambridge. – William og Jane Morris flytja í Red House í Kent. William Morris greiðir fyrir húsið og 1870 fær vin sinn arkitektinn Philip Webb til að – Þýðir (í samvinnu við Eirík Magnússon) hanna húsið. Morris ætlaði að búa í Red og birtir Völsungasögu á ensku. House með Burne-Jones-fjölskyldunni í svokallaðri „Höll listarinnar“. 1871 – Ferðast til Íslands með Eiríki Magnússyni, 1861 Charles Faulkner og W. H. Evans. – Dóttir Williams og Jane, Jane Alice (Jenny) Morris fæðist og er nefnd 1873 í höfuðið á yngri systur Williams. – Ferðast aftur til Íslands, að þessu sinni – William Morris, P.P. Marshall, Charles með Edward Burne-Jones. Faulkner, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward Burne-Jones, Ford Madox Brown og Philip 1875 Webb stofna skrautlistarfyrirtækið Morris, – William Morris tekur fulla stjórn á fyrir- Marshall, Faulkner & Co (1861–1875), sem tækinu Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co einnig gekk undir nafninu The Firm. og breytir nafninu í Morris & Co. – Stór hluti stofnfésins var lán frá móður Williams, Emmu Morris. Fyrirtækið 1876 framleiddi og seldi handgerða skrautmuni – Dóttir hans Jenny fær flogakast og er og húsgögn fyrir heimili, svo sem steint öryrki uppfrá því. gler, tréskurð, veggfóður, vefnað og teppi innblásin af fagurfræði síðmiðalda. Kirkjur 1877 og söfn leituðu einnig eftir starfskröftum – Morris & Co opna verslun og sýningarsal fyrirtækisins. í miðborg London. – William Morris stofnar Society for the 1862 Protection of Ancient Buildings, forvera – Mary (May) Morris fæðist. National Trust. Morris fannst að heilu – William Morris fer að hanna veggfóður. byggingarnar ættu að teljast til menn- – Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co sýna á ingarminja. Seinni tíma viðbætur ætti því Heimssýningunni í London og vinna til að fjarlægja til þess að færa byggingarnar tveggja gullverðlauna. í sitt upprunalega horf. 1878 William Morris lést árið 1896, 62 ára að aldri. – Morris-fjölskyldan flytur í Kelmscott Sjúkdómsgreining læknisins var svo hljóð- House í Hammersmith sem hýsir andi: „… mein hans var einfaldlega að vera The William Morris Society í dag. William Morris…“ – William Morris vefur veggteppi. Að Morris látnum tók William Benson, vinur 1879 þeirra Morris og Burne-Jones, við rekstri – Mótmælir með Society for the Protection Morris & Co. Burne-Jones lést tveimur árum of Ancient Buildings hvernig staðið síðar, árið 1898, þá 65 ára að aldri. Listræn er að því að gera upp Markúsarkirkjuna stjórnun færðist þá á hendur Johns Henry í Feneyjum. Dearle, sem hafði byrjað sem lærlingur og aðstoðarmaður Williams Morris á ung- 1881 lingsárum. Dearle þróaði fyrirtækið áfram – William Morris eignast Merton Abbey í og hafði umsjón með framleiðslunni allt til Spitalfields, þar sem áður var textílverk- dauðadags árið 1932 en þá hafði hann unnið smiðja. Byggingarnar eru aðlagaðar til að fyrir fyrirtækið í 54 ár. May Morris fetaði í framleiða vörur fyrir Morris & Co. fótspor föður síns og helgaði sig fyrirtækinu þangað til hún lést árið 1938. 1883 – William Morris gengur til liðs við Morris & Co breyttist eftir dauða Williams The Social Democratic Federation. Morris. Fyrirtækið var selt árið 1905 og nafni þess breytt í Morris & Co Decorators Ltd. 1884 Nýja stjórnin hafði enga listræna sérþekk- – William Morris og fleiri segja sig úr ingu en þekking og reynsla Dearles af því The Social Democratic Federation. að vinna með William Morris tryggði orðstír fyrirtækisins. Eftir dauða Johns Henry 1885 Dearle árið 1932 tók að halla undan fæti – William Morris og aðrir fyrrum meðlimir og árið 1940 var Morris & Co leyst upp og The Social Democratic Federation stofna hönnunarskrárnar og það sem eftir var af The Socialist League. Sama ár er William veggfóðri á lager var selt til Sanderson. Morris handtekinn á kröfufundi fyrir mál- Morris & Co hefur verið í eigu Sanderson- frelsi en hann er látinn laus næsta dag. fjölskyldunnar allar götur síðan og er nú hluti af The Style Library. 1888 – Fyrsta sýning myndlistar- og handíða- Eftir seinni heimsstyrjöld, og allt frá 1930 hreyfingarinnar skipulögð, William Morris víða í Evrópu, varð fúnksjónalisminn ráðandi heldur fyrirlestur um listvefnað. stefna og mynstur Morris & Co féllu úr tísku. Þetta breyttist á sjöunda og áttunda 1890 áratug síðustu aldar þegar litrík mynstur – William Morris skrifa sósíalísku skáld- komust aftur í tísku. Sum gömlu Morris & söguna News from Nowhere. Co mynstrin voru uppfærð í anda samtím- – Segir sig úr The Socialist League og ans í nánast skynörvandi litapalletum. Til stofnar The Hammersmith Socialist að mynda átti George Harrison, gítarleikari Society. Bítlanna, jakka með Golden Lily mynstrinu sem hannað var af Dearle árið 1899. 1891 – William Morris stofnar forlagið Kelmscott Á níunda áratug síðustu aldar tók Sand- Press. erson á ný upp heitið Morris & Co, merki – Býr til leturgerðirnar
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