DOCSLIB.ORG

NOTICE to EXPORTERS the Statistical Reporting Numbers Contained in This Chapter Apply Only to Imports and May Not Be Reported on Shipper©S Export Declarations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NOTICE to EXPORTERS the Statistical Reporting Numbers Contained in This Chapter Apply Only to Imports and May Not Be Reported on Shipper©S Export Declarations Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2019) Revision 1 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes CHAPTER 99 TEMPORARY LEGISLATION; TEMPORARY MODIFICATIONS ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO TRADE LEGISLATION; ADDITIONAL IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION 22 OF THE AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT, AS AMENDED XXII 99-1 U.S. Notes 1. The provisions of this chapter relate to legislation and to executive and administrative actions pursuant to duly constituted authority, under which: a. One or more of the provisions in chapters 1 through 98 are temporarily amended or modified; or. b. Additional duties or other import restrictions are imposed by, or pursuant to, collateral legislation. 2. Unless the context requires otherwise, the general notes and rules of interpretation, the section notes, and the notes in chapters 1 through 98 apply to the provisions of this chapter. Statistical Notes 1. For statistical reporting of merchandise provided for herein: a. Unless more specific instructions appear in the subchapters of this chapter, report the 8-digit heading or subheading number (or 10-digit statistical reporting number, if any) found in this chapter in addition to the 10-digit statistical reporting number appearing in chapters 1 through 97 which would be applicable but for the provisions of this chapter; and b. The quantities reported should be in the units provided in chapters 1 through 97. 2. For those headings and subheadings herein for which no rate of duty appears (i.e., those headings and subheadings for which an absolute quota is prescribed), report the 8-digit heading or subheading number herein followed by the appropriate 10-digit statistical reporting number from chapters 1 through 97. The quantities reported should be in the units provided in chapters 1 through 97. NOTICE TO EXPORTERS The statistical reporting numbers contained in this chapter apply only to imports and may not be reported on Shipper©s Export Declarations. See Notice to Exporters preceding chapter 1. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2019) Revision 1 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes SUBCHAPTER I TEMPORARY LEGISLATION PROVIDING FOR ADDITIONAL DUTIES XXII 99-I-1 U.S. Notes [COMPILER©S NOTE: Because the effective period of headings 9901.00.50 and 9901.00.52 has expired, the U.S. notes and their provisions, including the tariff-rate quota noted above, are not being administered. See also the compiler©s note to these headings.] 1. The duties provided for in this subchapter are cumulative duties which apply in addition to the duties, if any, otherwise imposed on the articles involved. The duties provided for in this subchapter apply only with respect to articles entered during the period specified in the last column. 2. For purposes of heading 9901.00.50, the phrase "is suitable for any such uses" does not include ethyl alcohol (provided for in subheadings 2207.10.60 and 2207.20) that is certified by the importer of record to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Customs (hereinafter in this note referred to as the "Commissioner") to be ethyl alcohol or a mixture containing such ethyl alcohol imported for uses other than liquid motor fuel use or use in producing liquid motor fuel related mixtures. If the importer of record certifies nonliquid motor fuel use for purposes of establishing actual use or suitability under heading 9901.00.50, the Commissioner shall not liquidate the entry of ethyl alcohol until he is satisfied that the ethyl alcohol has in fact not been used for liquid motor fuel use or use in producing liquid motor fuel related mixtures. If he is not satisfied within a reasonable period of time not less than 18 months from the date of entry, then the duties provided for in heading 9901.00.50 shall be payable retroactive to the date of entry. Such duties shall also become payable, retroactive to the date of entry, immediately upon the diversion to liquid motor fuel use of any ethyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol mixture certified upon entry as having been imported for nonliquid motor fuel use. 3. For purposes of heading 9901.00.50, and the symbol "E" in parentheses following the column 1 special rate of duty "See U.S. note 3 to this subchapter" for such heading, duty-free treatment shall be accorded to ethyl alcohol or a mixture thereof when entered from an insular possession or beneficiary country to the extent provided for in this note. (a) Ethyl alcohol or a mixture thereof that is produced by a process of full fermentation in an insular possession of the United States or beneficiary country enumerated in subdivision (d)(iv) of this note shall be treated as being an indigenous product of that possession or country and shall be eligible for duty-free treatment. (b) Ethyl alcohol and mixtures thereof that are only dehydrated (hereinafter in this note referred to as "dehydrated alcohol and mixtures") within such an insular possession or beneficiary country shall be eligible for duty-free treatment as indigenous products of that possession or beneficiary country only if the alcohol or mixture, when entered, meets the applicable local feedstock requirement set forth in subdivision (c) of this note. The aggregate quantity of dehydrated alcohol and mixtures entered from all insular possessions and beneficiary countries that shall be eligible for duty-free treatment is restricted to the aggregate quantities set forth in subdivisions (c) and (d) of this note for dehydrated alcohol and mixtures meeting the applicable local feedstock requirements. (c) The local feedstock requirement with respect to any calendar year is-- (I) zero percent with respect to the base quantity of dehydrated alcohol and mixtures that is entered; (ii) 30 percent with respect to the metric equivalent of 35,000,000 gallons of dehydrated alcohol and mixtures next entered after the base quantity, and (iii) 50 percent with respect to all dehydrated alcohol and mixtures entered after the amount in subdivision (c)(ii) of this note. (d) For the purposes of this note: (I) The term "base quantity" means, with respect to dehydrated alcohol and mixtures entered during any calendar year, the greater of-- (A) the metric equivalent of 60,000,000 gallons; or (B) an amount (expressed in gallons) equal to 7 percent of the United States domestic market for ethyl alcohol, as determined by the United States International Trade Commission, during the 12-month period ending on the preceding September 30 minus the sum of the quantities of dehydrated alcohol and mixtures allocated to El Salvador and to Costa Rica under (d)(v) and (d)(vi), respectively, of this note; that is first entered during that calendar year. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2019) Revision 1 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes XXII 99 - I - 2 U.S. Notes (con.) (ii) The term "local feedstock" means hydrous ethyl alcohol which is wholly produced or manufactured in any insular possession or beneficiary country. (iii) The term "local feedstock requirement" means the minimum percent, by volume, of local feedstock that must be included in dehydrated alcohol and mixtures. (iv) The term "beneficiary country" means one of the following countries: Antigua and Barbuda Grenada Nicaragua Aruba Guatemala Panama Bahamas Guyana St. Kitts and Nevis Barbados Haiti Saint Lucia Belize Honduras Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Costa Rica Jamaica Trinidad and Tobago Dominica Montserrat Virgin Islands, British Dominican Republic Netherlands Antilles El Salvador (v) The aggregate quantity allocated to El Salvador of the base quantity set forth in subdivision (d)(I) of this note in any calendar year shall not exceed the lesser of the metric equivalent of the quantity specified below for each such year or 10 percent of the base quantity of dehydrated alcohol and mixtures established in subdivision (d)(I) of this note for that year. Year Quantity Year Quantity Year Quantity (Gallons) (Gallons) (Gallons) 2006 6,604,322 2011 13,208,644 2016 19,812,966 2007 7,925,186 2012 14,529,508 2017 21,133,830 2008 9,246,051 2013 15,850,372 2018 22,454,694 2009 10,566,915 2014 17,171,237 2019 23,775,559 2010 11,887,779 2015 18,492,101 2020 25,096,423 After year 2020, the quantity available to El Salvador shall increase by the lesser of the metric equivalent of 1,320,864 gallons each year or the difference between the previous year©s quantity and 10 percent of the base quantity of dehydrated alcohol and mixtures established in subdivision (d)(I) of this note for that year. (vi) The aggregate quantity allocated to Costa Rica of the base quantity set forth in subdivision (d)(I) of this note in any calendar year shall not exceed the metric equivalent of 31,000,000 gallons. (e) For purposes of headings 9901.00.50 and 9901.00.52, originating goods of Peru, under the terms of general note 32 to the tariff schedule, and originating goods of Colombia, under the terms of general note 34 to the tariff schedule, shall not be subject to any duty provided for in such headings, provided that- (i) the goods are imported directly from Peru or Colombia into the customs territory of theUnited States, and (ii) the sum of the cost or value of the materials produced in the territory of Peru or of Colombia plus the direct costs of processing operations performed in the territory of Peru is not less than 35 percent of the appraised value of such goods at the time they are entered. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2019) Revision 1 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes XXII 99 - I - 3 Heading/ Stat. Unit Rates of Duty Effective Subheading Suf- Article Description of 1 2 Period fix Quantity General Special 9901.00.50 1/ Ethyl alcohol (provided for in subheadings 2207.10.60 and 2207.20) or any mixture containing such ethyl alcohol (provided for in heading 2710 or 3824) if such ethyl alcohol or mixture is to be used as a fuel or in producing a mixture of gasoline and alcohol, a mixture of a special fuel and alcohol, or any other mixture to be used as fuel (including motor fuel provided for in subheading 2710.12.15, 2710.19.16, 2710.19.24 or 2710.20.15), or is suitable for any such uses...........................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nucleophilic Rhodanine, Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione and Thiazol-4(5H)-One Substrates in Asymmetric Reactions
    The Free Internet Journal Review for Organic Chemistry Archive for Organic Chemistry Arkivoc 2019, part i, 256-292 Nucleophilic rhodanine, thiazolidine-2,4-dione and thiazol-4(5H)-one substrates in asymmetric reactions Sushovan Paladhi,*a Barnali Jana,*b Sudipta Pathak,b and Saikat Kumar Mannab a Department of Chemistry, Anugrah Narayan Singh College, Barh, Patna, Bihar, 803 213, India b Department of Chemistry, Haldia Govt. College, Haldia, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, 721 657, India Email: [email protected] [email protected] Dedicated to Professor Choong Eui Song on the occasion of his 65th birthday Received 02-12-2019 Accepted 05-05-2019 Published on line 06-16-2019 Abstract Substituted rhodanines, thiazolidine-2,4-diones and thiazol-4(5H)-ones as nucleophilic substrates have attracted great attention in asymmetric reactions in the past six years due to their high impact in medicinal and pharmaceutical importance. The current review provides a cursory overview of the synthetic methods developed to access the rhodanine, thiazolidine-2,4-dione and thiazol-4(5H)-one substrates and a summary of their applications in catalytic asymmetric reactions to synthesize a broad range of differently substituted chiral derivatives of the corresponding substrates with tertiary/quaternary stereogenic centres. Keywords: Rhodanines, thiazolidine-2,4-diones; thiazol-4(5H)-ones, asymmetric catalysis, metal catalysis, organocatalysis DOI: https://doi.org/10.24820/ark.5550190.p010.911 Page 256 ©ARKAT USA, Inc Arkivoc 2019, i, 256-292 Paladhi, S. et al. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of the Nucleophiles 2.1 Synthesis of N-substituted rhodanines 1 2.2 Synthesis of 5-alkylidene thiazolidine-2,4-diones 2 2.3 Synthesis of 5-alkylidenerhodanines 3 2.4 Synthesis of 5-substituted rhodanines 4 2.5 Synthesis of thiazol-4(5H)-ones 5 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of a New Series of Thiazolidine-2,4-Diones Carboxamide and Amino Acid Derivatives
    molecules Article Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of a New Series of Thiazolidine-2,4-diones Carboxamide and Amino Acid Derivatives Rakia Abd Alhameed 1, Zainab Almarhoon 1 , Sarah I. Bukhari 2, Ayman El-Faham 1,3,* , Beatriz G. de la Torre 4,5 and Fernando Albericio 1,5,6,* 1 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (R.A.A.); [email protected] (Z.A.) 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 4584, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 3 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt 4 KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; [email protected] 5 Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa 6 CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] (A.E.-F.); [email protected] or [email protected] (F.A.); Tel.: +966-114-673-195 (A.E.-F.); +27-614-009-144 (F.A.) Received: 5 December 2019; Accepted: 25 December 2019; Published: 27 December 2019 Abstract: Novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione carboxamide and amino acid derivatives were synthesized in excellent yield using OxymaPure/N,N0-diisopropylcarbodimide coupling methodology and were characterized by chromatographic and spectrometric methods, and elemental analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Guidance for the Evaluation and Management of Drug Hypersensitivity: Specific Drugs
    Specific Drugs Practical Guidance for the Evaluation and Management of Drug Hypersensitivity: Specific Drugs Chief Editors: Ana Dioun Broyles, MD, Aleena Banerji, MD, and Mariana Castells, MD, PhD Ana Dioun Broyles, MDa, Aleena Banerji, MDb, Sara Barmettler, MDc, Catherine M. Biggs, MDd, Kimberly Blumenthal, MDe, Patrick J. Brennan, MD, PhDf, Rebecca G. Breslow, MDg, Knut Brockow, MDh, Kathleen M. Buchheit, MDi, Katherine N. Cahill, MDj, Josefina Cernadas, MD, iPhDk, Anca Mirela Chiriac, MDl, Elena Crestani, MD, MSm, Pascal Demoly, MD, PhDn, Pascale Dewachter, MD, PhDo, Meredith Dilley, MDp, Jocelyn R. Farmer, MD, PhDq, Dinah Foer, MDr, Ari J. Fried, MDs, Sarah L. Garon, MDt, Matthew P. Giannetti, MDu, David L. Hepner, MD, MPHv, David I. Hong, MDw, Joyce T. Hsu, MDx, Parul H. Kothari, MDy, Timothy Kyin, MDz, Timothy Lax, MDaa, Min Jung Lee, MDbb, Kathleen Lee-Sarwar, MD, MScc, Anne Liu, MDdd, Stephanie Logsdon, MDee, Margee Louisias, MD, MPHff, Andrew MacGinnitie, MD, PhDgg, Michelle Maciag, MDhh, Samantha Minnicozzi, MDii, Allison E. Norton, MDjj, Iris M. Otani, MDkk, Miguel Park, MDll, Sarita Patil, MDmm, Elizabeth J. Phillips, MDnn, Matthieu Picard, MDoo, Craig D. Platt, MD, PhDpp, Rima Rachid, MDqq, Tito Rodriguez, MDrr, Antonino Romano, MDss, Cosby A. Stone, Jr., MD, MPHtt, Maria Jose Torres, MD, PhDuu, Miriam Verdú,MDvv, Alberta L. Wang, MDww, Paige Wickner, MDxx, Anna R. Wolfson, MDyy, Johnson T. Wong, MDzz, Christina Yee, MD, PhDaaa, Joseph Zhou, MD, PhDbbb, and Mariana Castells, MD, PhDccc Boston, Mass; Vancouver and Montreal,
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0135901 A1 Moller Et Al
    US 20100135901A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0135901 A1 Moller et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 3, 2010 (54) COMBINATION THERAPY now abandoned, which is a continuation of application No. PCT/DK2004/000683, filed on Oct. 8, 2004. (76) Inventors: Niels Peter Hundahl Moller, (60) Provisional application No. 60/513,422, filed on Oct. Kobenhavn O (DK); Kresten Skak, 22, 2003, provisional application No. 60/569,566, Soborg (DK); Jorn Roland Miller, filed on May 10, 2004. Virum (DK) (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Correspondence Address: WOODCOCKWASHIBURN LLP Oct. 17, 2003 (DK) ............................. PA2OO3O1529 CIRA CENTRE, 12TH FLOOR, 2929 ARCH May 4, 2004 (DK) ............................. PA2004OO707 STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2891 (US) Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. (21) Appl. No.: 12/637,109 A6II 5L/00 (2006.01) A638/20 (2006.01) (22) Filed: Dec. 14, 2009 A6IP35/00 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ....................................... 424/1.11; 424/85.2 Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT (63) Continuation of application No. 12/112,452, filed on Apr. 30, 2008, now abandoned, which is a continuation The invention provides combination treatments with IL-21, of application No. 1 1/404,733, filed on Apr. 14, 2006, analogues and derivatives thereof. US 2010/0135901 A1 Jun. 3, 2010 COMBINATION THERAPY cells have been shown to kill some types of tumor cells via KIR ligand dependent activation. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT 0007. The immunology involved in cancer disease APPLICATIONS includes a variety of different cells derived from the immune system. Compounds which stimulate Such responses may be 0001.
    [Show full text]
  • (CDR) by CASRN Or Accession Number
    List of Chemicals Reported for the 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) by CASRN or Accession Number For the 2012 CDR, 7,674 unique chemicals were reported by manufacturers (including importers). Chemicals are listed by CAS Registry Number (for non-confidential chemicals) or by TSCA Accession Number (for chemicals listed on the confidential portion of the TSCA Inventory). CASRN or CASRN or ACCESSION ACCESSION NUMBER CA INDEX NAME or GENERIC NAME NUMBER CA INDEX NAME or GENERIC NAME 100016 Benzenamine, 4-nitro- 10042769 Nitric acid, strontium salt (2:1) 10006287 Silicic acid (H2SiO3), potassium salt (1:2) 10043013 Sulfuric acid, aluminum salt (3:2) 1000824 Urea, N-(hydroxymethyl)- 10043115 Boron nitride (BN) 100107 Benzaldehyde, 4-(dimethylamino)- 10043353 Boric acid (H3BO3) 1001354728 4-Octanol, 3-amino- 10043524 Calcium chloride (CaCl2) 100174 Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-nitro- 100436 Pyridine, 4-ethenyl- 10017568 Ethanol, 2,2',2''-nitrilotris-, phosphate (1:?) 10043842 Phosphinic acid, manganese(2+) salt (2:1) 2,7-Anthracenedisulfonic acid, 9,10-dihydro- 100447 Benzene, (chloromethyl)- 10017591 9,10-dioxo-, sodium salt (1:?) 10045951 Nitric acid, neodymium(3+) salt (3:1) 100185 Benzene, 1,4-bis(1-methylethyl)- 100469 Benzenemethanamine 100209 1,4-Benzenedicarbonyl dichloride 100470 Benzonitrile 100210 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 100481 4-Pyridinecarbonitrile 10022318 Nitric acid, barium salt (2:1) 10048983 Phosphoric acid, barium salt (1:1) 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2-methylpropyl 10049044 Chlorine oxide (ClO2) 10024472 ester Phosphoric acid,
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction (Pdf)
    Dictionary of Natural Products on CD-ROM This introduction screen gives access to (a) a general introduction to the scope and content of DNP on CD-ROM, followed by (b) an extensive review of the different types of natural product and the way in which they are organised and categorised in DNP. You may access the section of your choice by clicking on the appropriate line below, or you may scroll through the text forwards or backwards from any point. Introduction to the DNP database page 3 Data presentation and organisation 3 Derivatives and variants 3 Chemical names and synonyms 4 CAS Registry Numbers 6 Diagrams 7 Stereochemical conventions 7 Molecular formula and molecular weight 8 Source 9 Importance/use 9 Type of Compound 9 Physical Data 9 Hazard and toxicity information 10 Bibliographic References 11 Journal abbreviations 12 Entry under review 12 Description of Natural Product Structures 13 Aliphatic natural products 15 Semiochemicals 15 Lipids 22 Polyketides 29 Carbohydrates 35 Oxygen heterocycles 44 Simple aromatic natural products 45 Benzofuranoids 48 Benzopyranoids 49 1 Flavonoids page 51 Tannins 60 Lignans 64 Polycyclic aromatic natural products 68 Terpenoids 72 Monoterpenoids 73 Sesquiterpenoids 77 Diterpenoids 101 Sesterterpenoids 118 Triterpenoids 121 Tetraterpenoids 131 Miscellaneous terpenoids 133 Meroterpenoids 133 Steroids 135 The sterols 140 Aminoacids and peptides 148 Aminoacids 148 Peptides 150 β-Lactams 151 Glycopeptides 153 Alkaloids 154 Alkaloids derived from ornithine 154 Alkaloids derived from lysine 156 Alkaloids
    [Show full text]
  • AHCCCS MINIMUM REQUIRED PRESCRIPTION DRUG LIST EFFECTIVE April 13, 2015
    AHCCCS MINIMUM REQUIRED PRESCRIPTION DRUG LIST EFFECTIVE April 13, 2015 Special Requirements: QL: Quantity Limit Additional Reference Drug Class Drug Subgroup Generic Name PA: Prior Authorization Information Brand Name Required ST: Step Therapy Analgesics and Non-Narcotics Acetaminophen Tylenol Anti-Inflammatories Acetylsalicylic Acid Aspirin Buffered Aspirin Bufferin, Ascriptin NSAIDS Diclofenac (plain and EC) Voltaren Diclofenac ER Voltaren-XR Diflunisal Dolobid Etodolac Lodine Fenoprofen Nalfon Flurbiprofen Ansaid Ibuprofen Motrin, Advil Indomethacin Indocin Ketoprofen Orudis Ketorolac (oral tablets) Toradol QL=20 Meloxicam Mobic Nabumetone Relafen Naproxen Naprosyn Naproxen Sodium Anaprox, Aleve Oxaprozin Daypro Piroxicam Feldene Salsalate Disalcid Sulindac Clinoril Cox 2 Inhibitor Celicoxib Celebrex PA Narcotics - Short Acting Acetaminophen / Codeine Tylenol with Codeine QL :180 Butalbital-Caffeine-APAP- PA required for > 2 short Codeine Fioricet with Codeine QL :180 acting products. Butalbital-Caffeine-ASA- Codeine Fiorinal with Codeine QL :180 Quantity Limit of 180 Hydrocodone-Ibuprofen Vicoprofen QL :180 applies to tablets & QL :180 capsules. Drug strengths covered are: 5/325 7/325 Hydrocodone / APAP 5/500 (5/325, 7/325, 5/500, 10/325, 10/325 7.5/500) Various 7.5/500 7/22/2015 1 Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatories Narcotics - Short Acting PA required for > 2 short acting products. Quantity Limit of 180 applies to tablets & AHCCCS capsules.MINIMUM REQUIRED PRESCRIPTION DRUG LIST EFFECTIVE April 13, 2015 Special Requirements: QL:
    [Show full text]
  • Coronaviruses — Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Options
    REVIEWS Coronaviruses — drug discovery and therapeutic options Alimuddin Zumla1*, Jasper F. W. Chan2*, Esam I. Azhar3*, David S. C. Hui4* and Kwok-Yung Yuen2* Abstract | In humans, infections with the human coronavirus (HCoV) strains HCoV‑229E, HCoV‑OC43, HCoV‑NL63 and HCoV‑HKU1 usually result in mild, self‑limiting upper respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold. By contrast, the CoVs responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which were discovered in Hong Kong, China, in 2003, and in Saudi Arabia in 2012, respectively, have received global attention over the past 12 years owing to their ability to cause community and health‑care‑associated outbreaks of severe infections in human populations. These two viruses pose major challenges to clinical management because there are no specific antiviral drugs available. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiology, virology, clinical features and current treatment strategies of SARS and MERS, and discuss the discovery and development of new virus‑based and host‑based therapeutic options for CoV infections. Coronaviruses (CoVs; subfamily Coronavirinae, family SARS in Hong Kong and other regions10,11,18–21. The high Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales) are a group of highly infectivity of SARS was highlighted by the super-spread- diverse, enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded ing event at a major teaching hospital in Hong Kong in RNA viruses that cause respiratory, enteric, hepatic which 138 people, including many previously healthy and neurological diseases of varying severity in a broad health-care workers, were infected within 2 weeks of range of animal species, including humans1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • Sigma Biochemical Condensed Phase
    Sigma Biochemical Condensed Phase Library Listing – 10,411 spectra This library provides a comprehensive spectral collection of the most common chemicals found in the Sigma Biochemicals and Reagents catalog. It includes an extensive combination of spectra of interest to the biochemical field. The Sigma Biochemical Condensed Phase Library contains 10,411 spectra acquired by Sigma-Aldrich Co. which were examined and processed at Thermo Fisher Scientific. These spectra represent a wide range of chemical classes of particular interest to those engaged in biochemical research or QC. The spectra include compound name, molecular formula, CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) registry number, and Sigma catalog number. Sigma Biochemical Condensed Phase Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 8951 (+)-1,2-O-Isopropylidene-sn-glycerol 4674 (+/-)-Epinephrine methyl ether .HCl 7703 (+)-10-Camphorsulfonic acid 8718 (+/-)-Homocitric acid lactone 10051 (+)-2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)ethanol 4739 (+/-)-Isoproterenol .HCl 8016 (+)-2,3-Dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid 4738 (+/-)-Isoproterenol, hemisulfate salt 8948 (+)-2,3-O-Isopropylidene-2,3- 5031 (+/-)-Methadone .HCl dihydroxy-1,4-bis- 9267 (+/-)-Methylsuccinic acid (diphenylphosphino)but 9297 (+/-)-Miconazole, nitrate salt 6164 (+)-2-Octanol 9361 (+/-)-Nipecotic acid 9110 (+)-6-Methoxy-a-methyl-2- 9618 (+/-)-Phenylpropanolamine .HCl naphthaleneacetic acid 4923 (+/-)-Sulfinpyrazone 7271 (+)-Amethopterin 10404 (+/-)-Taxifolin 4368 (+)-Bicuculline 4469 (+/-)-Tetrahydropapaveroline .HBr 7697 (+)-Camphor 4992 (+/-)-Verapamil,
    [Show full text]
  • Diol: an Attractive Platform for the Synthesis of Sulfur Containing Functionalized Heterocycles
    A Journal of Accepted Article Title: 1,4-Dithiane-2,5-diol: An Attractive Platform for the Synthesis of Sulfur Containing Functionalized Heterocycles Authors: Francesco Zamberlan, Anna Fantinati, and Claudio Trapella This manuscript has been accepted after peer review and appears as an Accepted Article online prior to editing, proofing, and formal publication of the final Version of Record (VoR). This work is currently citable by using the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) given below. The VoR will be published online in Early View as soon as possible and may be different to this Accepted Article as a result of editing. Readers should obtain the VoR from the journal website shown below when it is published to ensure accuracy of information. The authors are responsible for the content of this Accepted Article. To be cited as: Eur. J. Org. Chem. 10.1002/ejoc.201701785 Link to VoR: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201701785 Supported by European Journal of Organic Chemistry 10.1002/ejoc.201701785 MICROREVIEW 1,4-Dithiane-2,5-diol: An Attractive Platform for the Synthesis of Sulfur Containing Functionalized Heterocycles [a] [b] *[b] Francesco Zamberlan, Anna Fantinati, Claudio Trapella Dedicated to Professor Simonetta Benetti on the occasion of her retirement Abstract: This microreview highlights the utility of 1,4- dithiane-2,5- thiazolidine derivatives, 1,3-oxathiolanes, tetrahydropyranols diol 1 as a source for the in situ generation of 2- and other sulfur-nitrogen and sulfur-oxygen heterocyclic mercaptoacetaldehyde 2, a versatile two-carbon synthon featuring compounds. Indeed, 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 1 has been and both electrophilic and nucleophilic reaction centers widely utilized as continues to be widely used in organic synthesis, its utilization an attractive platform for the preparation of sulfur-containing being greatly facilitated by the commercial availability.
    [Show full text]
  • Thiazolidine Reacts with Thioreactive Biomolecules
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 104 (2017) 272–279 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Free Radical Biology and Medicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/freeradbiomed Original article Thiazolidine reacts with thioreactive biomolecules MARK Deyuan Sua,b,1, Yin Niana,1, Fenglei Zhanga,1, Jinsheng Hua,b, Jianmin Cuia,c, Ming Zhoua,d, ⁎ ⁎ Jian Yanga,e, , Shu Wanga,b, a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China b Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China c Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA d Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA e Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The thiazolidine ring is a biologically active chemical structure and is associated with many pharmacological Thiazolidine activities. However, the biological molecules that can interact with the thiazolidine ring are not known. We show TRPA1 channel that thiazolidine causes sustained activation of the TRPA1 channel and chemically reacts with glutathione, and Glutathione the chemical reactivity of thiazolidine ring is required for TRPA1 activation. Reducing agents reverse thiazolidine-induced TRPA1 activation, and mutagenesis studies show that nucleophilic cysteine residues in TRPA1 are critical, suggesting an activation mechanism involving thioreactive chemical reactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a Disposal Procedures by Chemical Updated 5/11/2020 Use
    Appendix A Disposal Procedures by Chemical Use this list to determine the appropriate disposal route for all listed chemicals. For chemicals not listed, please submit a request for pickup or contact chemical safety (608-265-5700, [email protected]) for further guidance. Chemical Name Disposal Procedure (Cyclohexylamino)Propanesulfonic Acid, 3- Sanitary sewer 50 X TBE Sanitary sewer Absorbosil - 1 Trash Acacia Powder (Gum Arabic) Trash ACES, N-(2-Acetamido)-2-Aminosulfonic Acid Sanitary sewer Acetal (1,1-Diethoxy Ethane) Organic solvent carboy, white Acetaldehyde Dimethyl Acetal Organic solvent carboy, white Acetaldehyde Sodium Bisulfite Sanitary sewer Acetamide Sanitary sewer Acetate Buffer Solution, 0.2M Sanitary sewer Acetic Acid (<80% aq.) Neutralize acid Acetic Acid Aqu.Solution < 30% Sanitary sewer Acetone Organic solvent carboy, white Acetone (D6) Organic solvent carboy, white Acetone Ketal Of Glycerine Organic solvent carboy, white Acetonitrile Organic solvent carboy, white Acetonylacetone Organic solvent carboy, white Acetyl Phosphate (Lithium Potassium Salt) Sanitary sewer Acetylacetone Organic solvent carboy, white Acetyl-B-D-Mannosamine Monohydrate, N- Sanitary sewer Acetyl-beta-Methylcholine Chloride Sanitary sewer Acetylcholine Chloride Sanitary sewer Acetyl-D-Glucosamine, N- Sanitary sewer Acetylene Tetrabromide Organic solvent carboy, yellow Acetylene Tetrachloride Organic solvent carboy, yellow Acetylimidazole, N- Sanitary sewer Acetyl-L-Serine, o- Sanitary sewer Acetylpyridine Adenine Dinucleotide, 3- Sanitary sewer
    [Show full text]