------ADMINISTRATION REPORT.

BY

.J anaki ~nth D.itt.l, :8. A, Sa.bha. :Bhusha.D.

CE.\JSU., CO\rDlISSIO~ER, STATE.

CORONATION PRESS.

1923.

REPORT ON THE ADMINISTRATION

OFTHE GW ALlOR OENSUS, 1921.

CHAPTER I. Preliminary.

This is the first independertt Censlls of the . In the previous four Censuses all the operations \yere done under the general contrdl of the Census Superintendent, Central alld no Administra­ tion Volume was required to be written.

I. -In anticipation of the Census of. 1921 the Huzur Durbar appointed a special Committee as early as 191 I to Darbar census manual suggest means to carry out the census operations in a more satisfactory way than in 191 I. On the basis of the Report of this Committee the Durbar issued a Manual called the" Census Manual of qwalior State, 192 I. " The Manual contained all the necessary instruc­ tions for carrying on the preliminary C;ensus operations and made it in· cumbent on all persons to assist in the Census operations if called upon to do so by the Census authorities-Census was thus given a legal basis.

Early census operations of the State began under the general s\lpervision of Lt. Col. Luard the Census Superintendent, , but subsequently upon Gwalior being an independant Census unit and the 37 Feudatory Estates coming under direct control of the Suzerain Durbar the Manual had to be modified and enlarged. Supplementary instructions in the light of the Imperial Census Code received later were also issued to all concerned as t~e necessity ar'ose.

The Manual was in but certain portions were rendered into English and the printed translations sent to station masters who were supervisors and el~umerators of Railway premises, the Census of Foreign Railways passing through the State beilJg cOQducted this time by the Durbar Census Commissioner.

2. Unlike previous Censuses the Durbar appointed a whole time Census Commi;;sioner with t~o Assistants for ,the Appointment of censusCensus of 19 2 r'. The appointment of the Census , officer~. Commissioner was announced in the Government " I Gazette of I 5th Nov~~~er ~919, th~t ofthe two Assistants subsequently.

Census office at the beginning was started at Kampoo Kothi in the spare rooms of the Normal School 00 January 1st, 1920 and afterwards in Jal Mahal and li-h.at of the Assistant Census Commissioner for Malw'a ( 2 ) on April 1St, 1920. The Assistant CenslJs Commissioner, Gwa ior and · Prant, had no seperate office and was attached to the Head office at Lashkar.

3. The Manual divided the whole State into 126 Charges with Ex-officio Charge Superintendents who were, of course, }<'ormation of census liable to change according to the discretion of the Divisions. Census Commisssioner. Each Charge generally cor- responded with a , a Guaranteed Holding, a State , a Muni­ cipal Town, or Military Station or Cantonment. At Lashkar His High­ ness the 's Palace, the Brigade, the Gwalior Fvrt and Lashkar Municip'llity were each made a seperate Charge. Extensive Tahsils were split ~p into two or more Charges. On their requisition, Superin­ tendents of big Charges like Lashkar. , , Pi chore (Gird), Agar etc., were given Assistants to help them. The Railway Stations of the Foreign and Gwalior Light Railways were not big enough to be made seperate Charges a,nd merged into their corresponding Civil Charges. Only seven stations of Foreign Railways (Gwalior, Ujjain. Mandasor, Nimach, Goona, Bhilsa and N agda) were treated as circles -=-the rest were all devided into blocks.

The Tahsil and Tappa Charges were placed under Tehsildars, N alb Tehsildars, Sadar Kanungos or sometimes under Pargana Judicial Officers. -Big such as Pohri, Bhonrasa, Dasai were put under Jagir Tehsildars, Wahiwatdars and Kamdars, Ca.ntonments under detachment 'Commanders, Municipal towns under Chairmen of Muni­ cipal Boards or Municipal. Secretaries and Guaranteed holdings under the Kamdars of the Guaranteed Estates. A special Inspector was also appointed to look into the working of the Feudatory holdings. His office was attached to the Assistant Census Commissioner, .

4. The first important preliminary step in Census is the prepara­ tion of village registers gi ving names of all villages General Village and majaras and towns of a state or country with the RBgister. number of inhabited and uninhabited houses, blocks, circles and with the names of propcsed supervisors & enumerators. Wi th­ out such a register it cannot be ascertained if any village has been omit­ ted. From this an estimate can !le made of the probabJe number of sche­ dules and other forms required, Forms for tbese village registers with full in:;tructions for filling- them up were printed at the Alijah Darbar Press according to the sample received from the Government of I ndia and airculated with specimen entries. But I regret to note that, as.a rule, these village registers were recei ved back in my office long after due date. The delay was generally due to indifference of the officials concerned whom it was very hard to convince of the importance of tal~illg preparatory steps so long ahead of the actual Census. In some . Settlement W()rK was reported to ca:use delay in CensLls work but in fact it was due to want of proper co-operation of the officials and not pressure of !york that ( 3 )

caused the deia)'. At last the Darbar was moved to issue a special circu­ lar enjoinill~ all the officials concerned to treat the Census work very ur,~el1t and expedite it (see circular No. I of 19?7-appendix 1.) This was very helpful to me.

5. The Assistant Census Commissioners for Gwalior-Isagarh and Malwa Prants together with the Inspector for Traiutiujfg of Census Guaranteed holdings and an Assistant Charge Superin­ sa. tendent of Lashkar attended the training SCAool at Sehore started by Lt.-Col., Luard, Superintendent of Census operations, Central India. The Assistant Commissioners and the Inspector, in order to impart instructions to their supervisors and enumerators, made tours in their own divisions. I n course of their tours they visited charge headquarters, where, by previous appointment, chosen sets of supervisors and enumerators assembled to receive both theoretical and practical instructions in the Census work. These latter in their turn went to their respective charges and opened convenient centres to train their enu­ merators and supervisors. To give practical instructions an enumerator was supplied with an enumeration book containing a cover with printed instructions, two general schedules and a block-list. He was then made to go to a few houses and fill up the schedule himself, the errors, if any, being corrected by the instructor. Thus the whole agency was trained in the Census work. 6. A formal calendar was drawn up at the Central office to contro. - the different stages of Census operations until the sub­ Census Calendar. mission of the provisional totals. The calendar besides assigning the dates for the successive operations gave the dates for the indent and supply of forms and the training of the Census agency. Each charge Superintendent was supplied with a copy of this calendar translated in Hindi. Some of the Census charges failed to keep to ca­ lendar dates in various Census operations; still thp. calendar bad its utility in this that it kept the officials on the alert. Attempts were made at least b}T them to finish each operation within the due date. (Sec appendix 11.)

7. Reports 011 the progress of the work which used to be sent to the Provincial Superintendent. Central India in the form :Progress H.eport, prescribed by him lip to the middle of June, 1920 ceased to be sent to him since then on account of the independance of the Gwa­ liar Census. A seperate form was now prescrlb~d by me and all charge Superil1tendents were asked to send their reports fort-nightly 011 the 20th and 5th of every month to the Central office at Lashkar in that particulal' printed form. (See appendix 1I I.) 8. Two maps for each of the 3Q Tchsils were pllrchased from the 'I k' C D' . LU1,1 RecorJs Depmtment for Census purposes. 1" ar Ing .. ensn~ _ 1 Vl- ~iOllS ·011 Pal'gana \Vhere a Tehsil consisted of t \\'0 or more charges the mnps. boundary of each charge ,vas demarcated with a blue mark to indicate the portion for each. au these maps were also marked ( 4

circlts and blocks by different colours. The charge SlJperintendents to whom these maps were sent were asked to preserve them for the future Census. Unfortunately maps for the J agir;chargcs and some town charges were not available so nothing could Le supplied to these charge superin­ tendents.

9. The village and town registers being received from the charges . t t f S A ppOln men 0 llper- generally -long' after the dlJe dates, there was a corres- visor~ and Enumera- ponding delay in the appointment of supervisors alHl l'i1tor~. enumerators. Immediately after the receipt of these registers, the last set of which reached so late as the month of August 1920, appointment letters (or Parwanas in Hindi printed form) were gi ven to the supervisors and enumerators for various charges over the signature of their respective charge Superintendents.

10. As soon as the Census divisions were finally determined Kachha House num- Rachha house numbering commenced and was imme~ ~)erilli". . diately followed by the preparation of circle lists. The form prescribed for the circle list or charge register was the same as tha t of the charge register of the Imperial Code. Abstracts of circle lists were prepared by the Superintendents and submitted to the head office.

11. Though the village registers enabled us to have a rough idea Indent of CSI)~US of the. number of Census forms required for our purpose Form. the de~nite nunber could only be known when the abs- tract of the ~ircle lists were submitted by the charge Superintendents on receipt of which the various forms were indented for q.nd obtained through the Superintendent of Census opera~ions~ Central India.

I t was at first desired to have these forms printed loc~lly but finding the rates quoted by other big foreign presses much lower than those of Alijah Darbar Press orders were placed with the former.

Pt. N athu Madho Rashinker (tt1 e office accountant) was sent to tlte Nawal Kishore Press, Lucknow, to despatch the bundles of the requisite f9rms to various charge superintendents qires:t.

The General village Register forms were, however, printed here local­ ly at a cheaper rate, so also the appointment parwanas iwd certificates.

12. The numbering of houses in-villages and towns was taken In hand on the f st of October, 1920, but Paklca houSt~ P a klp {a I louse nutn 1)er~ . j.ng. numbering was finished only in 25 charges on 31St October 1920, the date fixed for its completion. The house numbering of all the charges was finished by the middle of December.

Prices being high no oil was used this time in preparing the numbering wash which consisted of ordinary red or yellow ochre and water. The expenditure for this was at the rate of 12 annas per thou­ s~nd houses. Supervisors and enumerators being literate persons and ( 5 )

expected to have their own materials were paid only for unforeseen expenses 9 pies each. People were warned not to obliterate the numbers on their houses within one month :.tfter the final Census. C(lncurrently with Pakka house numbering house lists were being written up.

13. Railway premises included Railway stations within distant signals, workshops, residential quarters and all other Census of Railwa.ys . premises. Wit . h'10 R'Ial way boun d'dnes on wh' IC h ?erma- nellt or temporary employt!es of the Railway reside. There were in all 88 Railway stations, 35 of which were on the Gwalior Light Railways and the remaining 53 on the foreign lines. The supervisors and enumerators for the Railway were all nominated from amongst the Railway officers. these worked under the civil Census Superintendent. Care was always taken to seperate Railway block or circle.

All passengers found at the stations from and I after 7 P. M. of 18th. March 1921 were enumerated and given passes provided they were not already enumerated elsewhere.

Form of the Pass.

Gwalior Stq.te. Census of 1921. Enumerated ...... dated,

They 'Were advised to show these passes whenever asked to. For station enumeration each small sta.tion had ordinarily one enumerator.

For those who were in the train 011 the night of the 18th March a seperate method was adopted. I t was arranged that the Guard of the train should distribute household schedules to all first and second das!? passengers of his traill to be filled up by them. The rest were to be et,umerated in the orginary way by the train enumerator. Special arrapgements were made to stop trains in the morning of 19th March at some stations previously qxed upon and enumerate those passengers who escaped enumer~tiQn during the night by locking up the doors of an compartments of tqe train. Train enumeration took place at three places only in the state viz (I) Antpeth (2) Shujalpur (3) Nagda. The train enumeration boqk was kept seperate from station enumeration bqok and each treated as constituting a seperate blqck in the station circle where the enumer

Special in,structions were also issued to Railway Station·Masters of various statiqu,s and the Ch""rge Superintendents of the charges in which ~he stati~s ~ere situated for the Census of aall

Arrangements were also mage to Cellsus ;­ I . Wood cutters. Cens~s of ~pecial areas. 2. Police $t

4. Hospitals., Leper,: Blind and Lunatic Asylums. 5. Wandering tribes 'under Police survilance. ·6. Areas affected by Plague. *7. Non-synchro-llous tracts. and, 8. Weekly markets etc. al1d~. special instructions as required in each case were issued to vario us charge Supe'rintendents accordingly.

IS.. The lnspectol' General, Gwalior Aormy, was written to inform the office beforehand whether any troop.s under him Cen8US of Troops on would be 011 the march on the final enumeration day t.he·march. (18th March 19.21.) and instructions were also sent to him fot:' the enumeration of such troops ifany.

16. The Census of three British Cantonments viz. Guna, Agar, and in the Sta.te was done by the Canton­ Census of Canton- mellt authorities as in tht: previous Censuses and the mentis. results of the enumeration were duly sent to the State Census office for Tabulation and Compilation by the Census Superin­ tendent, Central India. The four Military Stations in the State. Lashkar. Morar, and Ujjain, as has been said before. were made seperate charges under their respective commandants and were treated like civil charges.

J 7. The largest religious assemblage which was to take place during the year of Census was the Sin~hast Fair at Singli'd.'st '{;ai:r... Ujjain but since it was reported to be held after the 18th March 192 I nO special arrangements had to b~ made for it. In view of the fac·t that Sadhoos commence flocking two nmllths h'efore the last Bathing Day the Assistant Celistls Commissione,', Malwa. W;is asked to make proper arrangements fot counting ally congregation or gathering there during the Cellsus time.

18. The various forms were distributed in accordance with the instructions in the I mperial Code and were issued DistriLution of Form8'through charge Superirltendents. Special and house- hold schedules were very sparingly used. For Industri;ll Census two special schedules A and B with instructions in Hindi were supplied to the Agents and Managers of factories and heads of other industrial institutions.

Unfortunately many managers sent wrong returns at the ~rst ins­ tance ; the mistakes being discovered while compiling the results, the returns were sent back to the defaultiflg concerns etc) and correct returns obtained. (Statement of Forms-see appendix. IV.) Information regarding employes working 011 Railways and.in the Postal, Telegraph all<:Hrri'gat,i

Fortuuatcly there was no plague and enUmel1ii;ti6ri *h'S e\-erywhere synchronous. 19· J.:T. Marten !Esq.., ,·M ,A,.i·,c.. ,5., . the Census Commissioner for I'ndia~paid7ani official ,visit to . GwaliQf .on the'] 2th Visit .of . the ,Census 'A . T h /1 f ·h·· . f \, Commissionerf{)l" Inwa. nugust 1920,- . e resu t 0 IS IOspecttOn 0 t._e census work is enibodied in the following lnspection Note left,by him :-

"I visited Gwaliol"'on the '12th of 'August ' 1920 ·and met ipl"of.. Jankinllith Dat,ta, the Censas 'Commissioner, Gwalior ·Sta.te, ana'()fte of his' aS8i~tants, Mr. Haqdadkhan. The c6Ustt8..of Gw.alior is now independent· of Central India .i,\gen~y,but. BOllle of the officers have att~nded a conference. in .Bh9p&I.at1wwob .col. Lltard .gave them inst.ructions a.nd advice, and it will be well for the Census Commissioner to see Col. Lual'd as early as possible Illlfd l"Ccei"e·.the: benefit ;byl that officer's -very ·wide-' ktlOw 1&dge and experience of th6 Pilst :cenS1l8 .or.g

'2, 'The OenSU!l {CoDllnissianer wa.s not appointed' till June, 1920 and,pperations were,l.therefore, rather :La.te in starting. ,The' vill~ge registet·s have been prepar.ed, the maps .are umder prepara.tion, the cit'cle lists .are now beillg prepat'ed. The sched ules which follow the standard form are expected shortly from·Lucknow.

'3. The Census :Commissioner bas.1two .assistants :one for the ;M&lwa division. and one for tIre division including' G,waliol' and . Isagarh .. He also ha.s-a special Impector to supervise the work in the 26 guarenteed States. His Highness the Maharaja is himself in teresting in tbe Census lOrg&n.iztlotioo an'd .has Mused' try be -issued prin ted iU!'Itl'uctions to ·the loc!!.l officers to assist in the Qperations. The Census Depnrtment works undel' the Home Department of the State Government. The Charge and Circle officers are almost entirely officials of the State and the help of the Land-ltecoJ'd sttiif'has been (,btained in all districts including those under settlement. The area of the State is the same as in 1911, but one district has been transferred ft'om one division to another arid t.he necessary adjustment will-bave to be made in the'table'!. It wiU: be possiole to take a synchmnoull Census through(1l1t the State but in:llOme 'parts tbe final "enumeration must be taken by day,

4. The:Census ~f RMlways is not likely to give any.trouble in the State under the new rulei and the tht'ee cantonments of Ag,~r, Goona and Neernuch wilt be enume­ l'ateu under the contonment rules which will ~hortly issue. 'The CE'hsilS' Commissionet· has wisely decided to concentra.te il'1l-his ellergies 011' obtaining a~: ,~eclJ.l'!\te ehumeration

on the Gelteral Schedules 1If! possible in the State, and not to take up suh8idiary queorti

there are II. few indu~tl'ies, but the questions connected with the labour employed in them Itnd ~eneral)y in connection with the migration of labour to and from the State might be dealt wit,h in some detail.

5. Prof., Jo.nldnath Datta pro-po!ses to take up where. posl

and. 8lip~ 11.8 soon ItS they come in.

6.' The success of the ee1'lSU~ in Gwalior willlllorgely depend Oil the careful illspl'c­ tion of the work on the spot and the training of the enUWCI'ator. This work will ( 8 ) ,

11- necesllarily be largely ill tho hnds of the assistant census officers and the Inspector in charge of the Guarenteed States who will have to vilJit every part of the State between them, paying special attention to the outlying portion of the State where the espel'ience of I~Qt Consu:! shows that the local organization ill likely to be less effleient."

20. As in the census of 19 I I, the Settlement work in the parganas Slaokness in census of , Isagarh, Bhander, , Lahar and work much retarded the progress of the census work as the village Patwaris inspite Qf repeated requests from the Census Department, were seldom spared for census work.

As in 191 I the Member ot the Gwalior Government in the Home Department under whom the census Department worked issued a circu­ lating letter to all the Heads of Departments asking them on the authority of Sec. :2 5 of the parbar Census Mannual to postpone, as far as practicable until the final census viz from 1st October 1920 to the end of March 1921, transfers of subordinates whose services had been available for Census duty and also to restrict as far as possible long leave to them. But I regret to say that this was not strictly followed everywhere. Prelimina.ry El;1umeration. The preliminary enumeration commenced in villages on the 15th of J~llUary and ilJ towns'OIl the 15th of February '921,

21. The enumeration book consisted of a cover of specimen schedule, as many general schedules as were required Enumeration Books. according to the number of houses in the block and a block list.

Special instructions for filling up the schedules as issued by the Census Cornrnissioner for India in additiol:} to those laid down in the Imperial Code were seryt to the Charge Superintendents to be circulated ~m.ngst the enumerator$ for their guidance in course of their enumeration ~ Another set of instructions besides tho5e in the Darbar Cemms Manual dealing with the procedure to be followed in the ~numeration, the duties qf the Census agencies after the final census followed the above in my office circulating letter No. f2 dated the 29th December '920. Elaborate hints were given for accuracy it} filling up several cqlumns where mistakes are almost invari ably made, viz. columns 9 and 10 ( OccupatiQIl ) colulJll~ ~ 2 and column 16 { infirmities }.

22. The enumerators being thus fully equipped with all possible tnining and instruct.ions and house-numbering check­ Inspecton .of Pr~limi- ed with house list preliminarv enumeration was started nary EnumeratIon. ':' . on the due date and was earned on all along under the superintendence of the s~pervi~ors and superintendent$. The Assistant Census Commissioners and the Inspector for Guarenteed holdings were through')ut the enumeration qn tour in their respective charges to check the work of fining up the schedules. Whenever any error was detected in making entry under ~ny head it was pointed out QY them and

corre,c:.ted then and ther~ •. I ' . ( 9 )

I myself was on tour and visiteod nearly all the important charges. I n addition to these the touring officers of the State were specially re­ quested to inspect the census work during their winter tours and to inform me of any irregularity coming to their notice.

23. The Sixth March 192 I waS fixed for the submission of charge summaries of the Preliminary Census to my office but Submission ~f charge these were so ml,lch delayed in a few charges in Malwa summal'les. . that I had to appoint a Special Inspector to bring in those summaries. To minimise the expense, the gunny sacks used in pack­ ing forms sent from Lucknow (Nawal Kishore Press) were utilised in sellding the summaries, enumeration books and other census papers to my office.

Inspite of repeated instructions regarding entries under columns of occupation and age, the enumerators were found invariably committing mistakes under those heads. The errors in age column were due mostly to ignorance but also to some extent peculiar prejudices prevalent amon~st lower classes against telling age. Under the column of occupation a very common mistake was made in writing simply the word 'NOKRl' or " service" for all persons whose nature of service was divergent, Final Enumeration.

The final enumeration which took place on the night of the 18th March I 92 I, was synchronous throughout the State.

24. The night of the 18th March 192 J, as fixed by the Govern­ ,ment of India for taking the final cansus, was notified Actua.l census. thrice in the Gwalior Government Gazette. of June, 1920 Januray 192 I and in March immediately before the final enumeration. The superintendents of various census charges were directed to give publicity .to these notifications throughout the limits of their respective. char~es.

The enumeration commenced at about 7 P. 1\1. on the evening of the 18th March and was completed by midnight. In order to seCl,lre re­ asonable expedition and to reduce the number of alterations to a mini­ mum proclamation was issued by the H uzur Darbar sometime before the ,dale calling on people to avoid fixing the date for domestic ceremonies ~nd to keep awake a~ home with a light burning till the enumerator had visited them.

On ,tqe night of the final census, I with my Assistant M. Haqdad Khan drove iQ a .c~r round Morar, Gwalior and Lashkar to inspect the

;census work. In order to enable the clerks and students to co-operate in taking ,the census and compiling the provisional totals the public offices and instituitions ~ere, under orders of the Hazur Darbar, closed I)n the 18th and the rollo'wing day and a~out 7 on the night two guns were fired at (, 10 )

theinterval of ten minutes from the. as a signal to be ready and start the work.

The census date was fixed by the Govenment of India in COliSU!­ tation with the Provincial Superintendents of census operations of diff· erent Prpvinces and States of India.

The instructions for the final' enumeration were issued from the central office to charge Superintendents in· addition to th(.se in the manual. While the final enumeration was in progress the supervisors visited as many of their enumerators as possible to see that the work was going on satisfactorily., They paid special attention to blocks where new entries were likely to be numerous. Prior to the final enumeratioll and after the preliminary enumeration charge superin­ tendents and circle supervisors moved about within their jurisdiction to see that all arrangements regarding census proper were complete..

25. On the morning of the 19th March, the day following the final enumeration all enumerators with their books met Sub,m_issio1nTotf IsPro• their respective supervisors at convenient places pre- VIBlOua 0 a. • viously selected. The supervisors· then compared the number of blocks i-n the circle and were satisfied ol-}1y when they got a: book for every block. They read every enumeration book and corret:ted : any error that came before their eyes. The supervisors got the totals of occupied houses and males and females· and the total popuratiotl' added up in seperate papers by two independent enumerators and'it was only when these totals tallied that they were accepted as correct. The same method was adopted by charge superintendents i. e., it was arrang­ ed that the total should be made up by two clerk's working independently. When these totals had been examined and passed as correct, the totaf for the whole unit was reported by express telegram to the Census. .Commissoner of the State by each Superintendent thus:- Charge number and name. Houses. Males. Females. Total. The telegram was in words not in figures The Charge Superinten-· dents previously arranged for sawars through the Subas for the despatch of these telegrams to the telegraph office which w,ere far from their head­ quarters. The tele

The Kifalatdars of Guaranteed holdings. Jagirdars of big Jagirs, the Assistant Census Commissioners and the Subas of districts were responsible for the safe and timely despatch of provisional totals and important census papers to the head office for their respective charges. ( 11 )

26. After the census had been taken, careful arrangements were made for the preservation of all important census Preservation of impor-records such as the gener~l village registers, the circle ta.nt census record. lists, census maps and important orders issued by the Census Commissioner. By order of the Home member the records of the Census Commissioner's office have been preserved in the Darbar Secretariate Records office. No opposition or objection in the census operations was on the part of the general pubiic reported from anywhere. Attitude of the public. Even the most backward wild sections of the State gladl), replied to whatever was asked of them. CHAPTER II. A bs traction. My idea at the beginning of the census was to have the slips copied by the enumerators locally during the period intervening between the preliminary and final census under the supervision of the Charge Superin­ tendents. But the local conditions and the difficulty of obtaining official supervision at the tehsil head-quarters led me to suspect that tbe system would fail if adopted. So I gave up the idea of decentralisation and even­ tually decided tbat the slip copying be done at the central office at Lashkar. 27. All the operations after the final enumeration were conc1ucted at the central office Lashkar. Consequently I and my Arrangeme.nt for abs- Assistants could keep a strict eye dver each of these in tractIon. course of their progress.

Mr. C. G. Joshi was appointed Tabulation Superintendent and all '. the proceedings were conducted and terminated under his control. The rules of the Imperial Code Part I I were followed to the letter and no special code was formulated and issued. excepting the issue of a printed circular to slip copyists and their supervisors, embodying their dutiesj the remuneration they would get etc.,

The enulnet'ation books together With summaries were received at the head office in proper time. On arrival, the books were checked with 'circle and charge summaries under the directions of the Tabulation Superintendent. They were made over to the record keeper, arranged 'by charges and stacked. A record register was opened and the books were entered serially and seperately under each charge. No enumera­ tion books wete received from the three British Military Cantonments ;teMussed by British agency but the results of the enumeration in the (arm of I mperial tables were supplie.d to my office by the Cerisus Sur>erintendent for Central India. Inspitr: of the timely arrival of the enumeration books the abstraction work could not be commenced before -the lIth of April 1921 because of a strike in the Nawal Kishore press, Lucknow, to which the order for printing the slips was given by Col., Luard on our behalf. ( 12 )

Imperial Code Part I I as' has been stated above was' followed in abstraction and subsequent operations with the only exception that no abbreviations were used. A few additional instructions were issued to meet the requirements in particular Gases,

Jal Mahal, a white .commodious, electrically fitted three storied buil~ ding situated in the vicinity of the Secretariat Buildings (Moti Mahal) was, by the order of His Highness the Maharaja Scindhia, given to this Department for its use. I t was utilised as the central office of the Depart­ ment and accommodated almost the whole of the Census office. I myself, the Assistant Census Commissioner for Gwalior and Isagarh prant, the Office Superintendent, the Tabulation Superintendent each hac} a seperate room for office work. The clerks were all accommodated into a seperate room. There was a separate room with a store room attached for the office accountant in which were also placed blank census forms intended for ready use by the slip copyists, supervisors etc., In a godown attach­ ed to the Jalmahal were stacked all those un-important census papers such as copied schedules etc., The remaining portion of this Quilding was utilized for the accommodation of the abstraction office staff.

Jalmahal due to its distance fNm the ci~y could not draw sufficient number of worker$ jn the beginning. Consequently, to expedite the abstraetion work three extra branches for slip copying were opened, one at the Janakgang vernacular school, the other at the Municipal School and the third at the Maharanis, 'Girls' School. The teachers and the· students worked in the after-noon after their morning school duties. Jalmahal was full and consisted for the most part of the school boys. During the first three weeks the attendance was meagre owing to the school annual examinations but later on there ~as a great rush.

28. Before the actual work of copying was started Mr. Haqdad Khan Assistant Census Commissioner with otber Assis­ Traint~l1g in akl;ls,trac- tants checked and corrected the schedules and explain- Ion wor . . " . ed the method to the supervisors of abstraction. The Tabulation Superintendent issued a body of instructions for slip copying, sorting etc., and explailled how to use them and made clear every point by practically demonstrating the whole process of the work. The work­ ers were trained in c~ecking the entries in the schedules, correcting the mistakes in them by comparing the entries with the ,circle summaries and filling up the blank columns of the schedules. Then preliminaries being carefully attended to, the actual work of slip copying began. The supervisors trained in their turn not Qnly the copyists under them but also their assistants or any new supervisors appointed at a later date. The Inspection staff consisted of the Assistant Census Commissioner for Gwalior and Isagarh prant. Tabulation Superintendent, Office Superin­ ~enclent and two Inspectors.

Jalmahal was quite full and a branch was opened at Kampoo Kothi under tbe direct control of M. Haqdadh;han where abstra,ction work wa~ carried on for a month or so under his control. 13

29. Tile system Ildopted (or the M>stnctioo or copying of the entries 00 to the slifJ from the enumera.tion schedule ~bstr.ction slipl. was the same as in the last census.

Each slip acoording to the directions of the Imperial Code part II measured 4rx2" and the numbers of the columns of the scht'dule f .. om \\'hioh the informations were to be reoordt:d wer~ printed in Hindi on olle side only.

I{eligion was indicated by the colour of the slip. The c"lour~ ohosen for the Various religions were as under :-

COLOUR. RELIGION. 1. Unbleached (Badami) . 2. Had. Muhammedans. 3. Yellow. Jains. 4. Blue. Animists. 5. White. Chri.,tians, 6, Green. Others.

The other religions were Arp', Sikh, Parsi and Jew. Th& name of each of these religions was noted on the blank space at the top or the sl'ip.

~ex and Civil Conditions were indicated by symbols printed in the right hand margin of the slip (See introduction to Vol J part L)

No. 14·6·10·121. ;to ~. 36. A specimen slip similar in every respect to --So Rajput llbowhan. that of the Imperial Code, is given here again in the < margin. The slip represents 8 married male Hindu. 9. Goods Clerk G.L.n. , The top line was intended for the entry of the charge. 10. MORey lender. circle block, loud the sel'ial number of the person. A 0 Was 'C01UI'l\1l } )1.~ spa.ce left blank for 4 in slisf for ~t X Christians fur the entry of the sect. With the ·u. CawnporeCit1~-- aid of t.he entry in the top line the original entry ii Hmdi. in the schedule could be trac .. d out whenever reqllired. l' No spnce was left for the eut_ry of column No. ] 61)£ it. Hindi and Urdu. the schedule. :tV 16. BlIglish. -t't,

30. In addition tn an ordinary slip written np hy II. copyist, a special slip for every enumerated individual havlllg lD'firmity slips. infirmity was wdtten up sepel'ately frolll the enu­ mera.tion book either by a copyist arpoiated specially for copyiIJg the 'infirmit,y slips under the directions or his supervisor or by the supervisor himself leisurely as suited him best. · , 14

In this f;p('l':al slip, only thefollowit~g bel\(~s were entel'ed:­ (tI) The setial uumber of the charge, circle, bI(,ok lind person. (b\ Age; (c) Caste. (a) The infirmity. This entry was made in column 9 of the slip. 31. The information collected in Industrial Schedules was copied SUp. for Induatrial on two slips. These two slips called A and B were .chedulea. distinguished from each other both by Rize and colour, white being used for slip A and Badami for B. As the Industrial concerns are limited in number in the State, one colour, Aadami colour only, was used for entries in schedule B for both skilled and unskilled labourers.

Here are two specimens of slips A and B. The slip A was of the lise 6' x 3" and slip B was of 4' x a". The specimen slip A given below is for a cotton weaving industry in Ujjain. At the top of the slip, the name of the district and the serial number of the conoern were entered into. Entry in column' three for any subsidiary article produoed wnS also made in Qur slip A though in the lr:nperi~l Code this column has not been provided for. The total number of both skilled and un$killed persons employed in the establishment was obtained (before the slips were written) by adding up the number of skilled Jln4 lJDskillecl persons Eleperately from schedule B. These two totals 'were then entered into slip A below the ~llh~lllP. 8 aud they too~ the consecmtive ~oluJnIl$ tl1.Qs:- (Vld~ slip)

Skilled labourers~ A. EuropeaDf$, Anglp Ind~anfS. :p~ Jndians. Uns~illed ~lJ.bourer$r A. Adult. 13. Chjltj.

INDUSTRIAL SLIP ).. pis~ript Ujjail,l NO.2 1. Description of Estal)lishment :-CottilD weaving. 2. Nature of art~cle produced;-:-Prinoipal-cloth. ~. S;Ubsidis'ry-:::oNil. 4. ~~ture of owner~hip-:-Private 5. Number and race or nationality of owners-l Parsi fl. Race or natiqnality OfD)Bnsger :-Anglo-Indilln. ',. Sup.eryiS~Dg 3Dd technical $taff. 15

~1."Lt8.. FnfALBa E!ll'Op~~-a 2 N.tl.

A nglo-Ind~n8 I If Ind~aDs 12 ., 8. Clel ical staff :- { Europeans 1 n a Anglo-Indians Nil " ~ Indians 25 Nil

Skilled a { Europeans Nil n b Anglo.IQ.di~PIt " Indlnns 461 45"

\l:uskilled a { Adult Nil Nil b Ghild 61) 169

~ ~ 'rotal ••• !$6.7 2H ~. Power-8t~am,

10. State of Industry....:..Pet·ennial

9. No. ar.ud Nature of pQwer Engjnes wjtb Horse power-EJlg~g.~ 13 ij, P. 3~Q 11. Looms--Power GOO Hand 1~6 with F. S. P4 withoqt F. S. - 11 The portion below the mt»'ked liQe (i. e, colqmos 9 ag,illl) "''"' ()n the back of the slip but hili here heel) lthown OI;l ~4e ("ce. , The number and nature of power were entered in oolulI)o 9. tn column 11 both hand looms and powerloo1lJ.8 used in the te~tile establish­ ments were entered. Handlooms wi~h ny-shuttle w~re !8ntere4 in part (B) of this colq.mn seperately.

lNpUSTRJA'f.. S:LIP Q

t. Name Qf Industry-ootton weavio8 2. Sex-~ale 3. Adult or child~ad~lt 4. Oaste-koahti 6. Birth place-Ujjain &. Skilled or unskiUed-skille4 7~ Occupation of .skUled labour-weaving master.

Specimen slip B is of .& skilled labourer of the It~e cottoll ...,.ving industry. No symbols were used tQ distingllish DllU8 4nd ,.,male, .adult and c4Udren. ~Jl t4e cplp.IQ.na weJ,"e therefore OQpiec! o~ the tsUp. 16

A sepal'ate gll.ng under a special snpervil-.or WllS ppenen to copy Industrial schedules. The supervisor was at first trainee} by theTAbulation Superintendent and the work vf copying was stllrted only when 80me of the slips were actually copil-·d by the supervisor himself befure the Superintendent and oorrected by him.

32. Steps for the snpply 'of printed slips according to the form and colour indicated in the Imperial Code Were taken Printinlt and supply ". ohlips. nearly 8 months before the slip copymg was to begm. The Superintendent, Census Operations, Central India, made a general indent to the N awal Kishore PreRs, Luckvow, llot only for the supply (Jf papers but also for printing, cutt.ing etc., the same for abstraction. The indent included, as in the previolls censuses, our requirements also. But as we already placed an order dil'ect with the Upper India Couper Paper Mill Co, Ltd .• Lucknow, flJr the supply of coloured and Badami paper for Ceosus slips, the firm having bel:!fi recommended by the Census ~ommissioner for India for its lowbst tender, the iudent of the Central India Superintendent was reduced by the quantity required for the Gwalior Census. Tlte papers for slips were sent dit·ect. to the Nawal Kishore Press by the Paper Mill, the Press undertaking to print, cut and pack them up to the address of our office ready for abstraction work. Severa.l Pl'inting Presses including the Perries Printing Press on the recommendation of Census Commissioner for ludia were Illvited to submit tenders for printing, cutting and despatching the abstraction slips but the Nawal Kishore Press at Lucknow quoting the lowest rate for our requisition according to the size prescribed in the Imperial Code, all order was placed with it for 39 lacs of slips in all. The indent was on the , basis of the number shown in table VII of the last Census l:leport over which an excess of 20 pel' cent, was kept in accordance to the suggestion of the Code.

But the Nawal l{ishl)re Press could not execute the order in proper time on Ilccount of a strike amongst its employees. A telegram was at last sent to despatch at least some of the slips so that ,we might begin work. The slips, liS a matter of emergency, were despatohed by passenger train and the five cOD5ignmelits covering the despatch of nearly the whole indcut came in succession. The number of slips fell short of the requirement, so We got some additional 40 thousand slips printed of which 80 thousands were Badami slips and the remaining ten thousands yeIl9w, in big sheets of paper locally from the Alijah DarblJr Peess, without symbols in the Curner. Slips were cut from each sheet in the office. Industrial slip!!, numbering 4,300 in 11.11, of wIJich 30n were -A slips of white paper and the. remaining 4,000 B slips of Badami Paper wer~ also printed and sllpplied by the Alijah Darbar Press. Papers on which abstractiun slips were printed were of the following sizes :-

Badami. 18" x 22" coloured 24" x 40j'" 17 The following table gives the total Dumber of eaoh kiud uf pl'iute,1 slips :-

U NMA RBI ltD. MARBlE)) WlDOWlI;D. --- Colour. TOTAL. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. - ...... _.-._._ ...... _

Badami 848,452 60~184 884,532 854,876 132,616 324,500 3548,160

Yellow 11,880 6,588 10,908 10,908 2,808 5,50~ 48,600

131ue •• , 18,468 14;472 18,144 18,576 1,404 4,536 75,600

Red ••• 50,112 32,616 52,056 47,952 7,884 17,28C 207,900

Green. 432 324 641 540 432 324 2,700 White. 284 284 568 497 71 71 ---1,775 GRAND TOTAL ... 3,884,735

The cost of paper including the cost of loading and unloading amounted to Rs. 1,448-14-2. while that of printing ar;ad supplying was Ra. 662-H-O. 33, Each copyist was given a simple set of 36 pigeon-holes. Each hole measured The diagram in the margin Furniture. 2"l". represents the pigeon-hole-rack used. It was plaoed on the ftoor and Iabe.Iled as shown in the Others •.• I left hand side. In the beginning 125 Christian. - - - - -1- pigeon-holes were prepared out of ordinary Ainmiat ... - - - kerosine wood at a cost of Rs. 2/- each, Jain 1=1= - - - -!- - - afterwards it waf' found necessary to have Musalman i - - 75 pigeon-holes which were prepared at Hindu ... - -- - 1-1- Rs. 2-4-0 each. For the supervisors, Assistant Supervisors, Checkers and ]nspf>ctors 80me 15 chairs and 15 writing tables were purchasQd. Some more chairs and tables were taken on loan from other Departments and utilised for Abstraction work. In Kampoo Kothi, J anakganj Vernacl:llar Schoo), Maharanis' Girls' School and Munioipal School no other furniture except the pigeon-hole-racks were required for the Abstraction work 8S the school fUl'Diture was sufficient ~ meet our purpose. Some 200 sacks locally purchased were given to the copyists to sit on Three of the copyists would generally occupy one sack. 84. The whole work was divided into twelve gangs, each gang lhtablisbment. corresponding to a district for this plll·pose.

Primarily to king the population of the State to be 32 lacs and .expecting one copyist to prepare 500 slips a day, 160 copyists were con· 18 sidered quite suflit'i('rit to fhieh the c'~pying work in abOllt 40 days. With this idea ten to twel ve eopyiflts were pbcl"d in each gang; but three weeks experience showed that the progrel>s was not up to the mark; conse­ quently I had to iucrease the number of at>sistants or checkers in each gang from one to two or three according to necessit.y and also the num­ ber of copyists, the total number of which came to 390 instead of 160 8S originally deemed sufficient. The work was started with ten iiupervisors. but the number was incrensed to 15 aftel' some time. The salaries of these Bupervisol's varied aocordin!! to qualification and aptitude in work. The minimum pay of a supervisor WaS Rs. 15 and the maximum Rs 30. The salary of the assistant supervisors or chechrs ranged between Rs. 8/.. and Rs. 15/-. In addition to' these were 2 Inspectol's to watoh and check the abstraction work and to assist in the subsequent work of Tabulation and Compilation. Each of them used to draw Us 50/- per month. The average salary of an ordinary copyist was Rs. 10/- per month A copyist would generally be appointed on Rs 8/- per month rising to Rs. l2/- and sometimes even to Us. 15/- per mensem on shewing goou progt-ess.

35. When the abstr~ction office was in full swing' the number of copyists was 389 besides the SUpervis<)l's, Assistant Blip copying. Supervisors, Checkers and Inspectors and the daily average out tUrn of each man totalled 196. The Abstraction office was started with 98 copyists in the 2nd week of April and the prooesil of slip copying was completed by, the 3'rd J !lly 192i.. Recruits were taken on· daily throughout the operation df slip copying and the new comer was drafted into dne or other of the gn.nglS, the Supervisor of the gang instructing in the work. Three additional gangs were formed out of tile llew cOpy'istB under three other SuperViSOl!S appointed later on.

The followiog'is the statement of work turneq ou't by copyists in diff~rent centres ;-

Average Popula­ number C Aver;:t.ge . Office. tion dealt omple- daily out·.. REMARKS. with. of tion. copyists turn.

1. Central office 2,713,979 21l 11-4-21 3-~ -21 201

2. Janllkgailj 203,748 34 5-5.;21 2(-6-21 151 p. Municipal 245,182 56 16-5-21 19-6-21 170 School. i. rdahllra.nis' 8,369 8 8-5-21 29-5-21 54 Girls' ::;chool.

The a"tera'ge progress was not up to the mark because of -the con~ ~~ant ne~ teet-uits made which hampered the rat~ of the work. ·O~ 19 account of the piece wage system, the oopyists turned up according t(! tbeir convenience and pleasure. 36. The Assistant Supervisors for the most part did the work of

. t' f E checking. They carefully examined the entries in E ""mIn" .1 ... n 0 nume • . ration Books. the enumeration books and compared them with sum- maries. Obviou!i! errors were rectified and omissions supplied aC:lord~ ing- to the suggestions issued by the Tabulation Superintendent. The figures in Circle summaries, it found wrong, were corrected in red ink and the correction initialled. A fter checking, the enumeration books were issued together with slips (or the work. The Assistant Supervisors compared the entries on the slips oopied with tlwse in the enumeration book. This was done in conjunction with the copyists who would read from the slips, and the Assistants ticking off in the enumeration book against the name in column 3 at the sohedule for every entry tested by him. Trivial mistakes were corrected atonoe. Every effort was made to push on the work but the prickly heat of Gwalior ha1l'lpered the pro­ gress aod caused delay. Two Inspectors were appointed to keep a close supervision ove)' the checking of copied "lips in addition to the Assistant Supervisors. Tbe Assistant Census Commissioner together with the Inspectors devoted their whole time in giving instructions to the Super­ visors to avoid mistakes, detecting mistakes on the spot and ~orrect­ iog them then and there. Hf'gister G.-Weekly summary of work done by copyists was regularly submitted to me,

Column 8 and 9 of this abstract i.e., the two beadings (1) the nnmber of entL'jes tested and (2) number of mistakes found) were filled tip from the weekly statements submitted by the Inspect(Jrs and Assistant Supervisors, column 6 and 7 from the register F. of tbe Supervisors and the other columns from their C, registers, Every evening before leaving office, each copyist used to tie up the ~lips copied by him placing them inside the enumeration 'book in progress with a slip bearing his name, and handed over the bundle to the Super­ visor who would return it to him the next morning at the ;opening of the I office.

The papers incharge of the Supervisor consistea of three s"parate bundles viz, (a.) Copied books and slips. (b) 'Unissued 'books taken from 'the reeord room. (c) Books in process of being copied, I fIh& Supervisors mlljritained n register for the ,number ~of slips ,:opied by e~h inqiviqual in his gang and when all the slips for It _up 20

had been copied, returlled them to the Record-keeper witIl tl.e enumera­ tion books and the register A., prepared after sorting the sllplS by religion.

The slip copyist was provided with an indioator label for each enumeration book issued to him. This label wall filled Indicr.tor Label. up by him and returned to the supervisor fastened with Blip-bundlea for the blook together with the book issued.

Indicator Label,

Gwalior State.

Zila

PHrgall.a.

Village.

No. of block.

No.oCCircle.

No. of Charge-..

No. of Book.

:No. of slips.

Copyist.

Checked.

Made over for Borting.

Sorted.

Returned to Supervisor.

Males ...... Females ...... ----- TOTA.L ......

~-----____.----- 88. The materials compiled in regi8ter A. have been utilised in the preparation of 'Village List.'. The villages have Village Lis'. been arranged alphabetically under each pargana. Names have been printed in Hindi and the number of occupied houses shown in each village. Villaged of the heretofore called Guaranteed estates have been included in the p.1rganas of the parent State in which they are situated, a note being made in the remarks column in each case a8 Jagir village instead of Kifalati or Guaranteed village, as in the last 21.

80RTI~G.

A fter A bstraction or slip-copying was oVer, the work of sorting was taken in hand. These operations having been done at in the previous Census, no experiencerl men Were available for them locally. We had to pull on, therefore, with unexperienced hands at the outset and the rate of work was consequently very slow. It took 5 months to complete the whole process of sorting, begun as it was on the 4th July 1921 und ended on the 30th Novem ber 1921.

There was anothpr difficult.Y enc')l)ntercd in the middle of the work which hindered the progress of the work not a little. A'3 the work ot sorting etc., and the previous work uf A bstraction were aU conducted with the help of local school studellts, many of these students left the wOI'k in the interests of their studies when ·the schools reopened. rrhis neces~it!lted the employment of new men who were to be trained before they could go on with t.he work smoothly.

Sortin~, unlike enumeration, was done by Parganas and not by' Charges. Fot· sorting and other subsequent operations Lashkar city was treated as a separate unit. Thus the 39 parganas of the State and Lashkar city made up 40 units. The Imperial Census Code was strictly followt:d in thE: process of the work. Before the slips were given to the sorters for sorting they Were checked with A registers and any disorepancy found was checked and corrected. For the aocuracy in sorting the responsibility was with the Sorter. Each Sorter was generally given about 10.000 population and the number of Sorters in each pargana varied according to the population. 89. Regarding the order of tables, the guiding principle was that; . h' h T bl the first table taken should lead up to the next so O r d er In W Ie a. es were sorted. that the arrangement of slips ror the preceding tab!e could, to a great extent, be utilised for the Ilext. Accuracy ill record combined with expedition was always the aim in sorting work. The first six tables were prepared from the A register, so no sorting was required for them. The two Provincial Tables were prepared by Parganas and the rest by Districts. The tables were taken in hand in the following order :­ Table PIT-Age, Sex and Civil condition. Tahle PIlL-Education by religion and age. 'l.'able X I.-Birth Place. Table X.- Language. 1.'ahle XIII.-Callte, Tribe, Race and .N ntionality. 22

Table IX.--Education by Caste. Table XI 17: -Civil condition by Caste. Table XX I.-Ocoupation by Caste. Table X PlIo-Occupation. Table X VIlI.-Subsidiary occupation of Agl"iculturists. Table XIX.-Certain mixed occupations. Table XX.-Occupation by Religions. For the sorting of infirmity and Christian tables a separat(> set of sorters was engaged.

The tables on Caste, Birth-place and Ocoupation ~equired a speoial and careful attention in sorting. As the sorters were uot expected to classify the slips properly, the class.ification according to Bil'th.place, Oocupation, Oaste etc.~ was reserved for Oompilation stage.

40. The Tabulation Superintendent, as in Abstraction work, was · A rr_ngement f or Bor t mg in charge of the whole work of sorting. Inspectors . also checked the work. There, being twelve gangs. each Inspeotor had supervision over 6 gangs. ~upervisors rttqdered every help to the sOl'ters.

A pigeon-hole, J1S in f Abstraction,· was given' to each sorter fbr soning slip8~

As soon as the slips for table VII were sorted and the table ready the final totals were made up which ~howed un illcrel¥ie of 867 over. ~e; frovisjop.a1 Totals i.e., an increase of '2 per mille.

,Two Sorters were specially engaged, in sort~ng the Iudustrial Tables.

Weekly Progress Herorts for sorting were regu)~r)y submitted to the Census Commissioner for India. This form wa~ prel'!()ribed by the Census Commissioner for India cancelling the form L. as givtn in the Imperial Oode Part II. COJIPILATION.

The process of Compilation consists in co~bining the figures of th~ TabulatioQ. ull'its first by Parganas then by Districts' and lastly for the whole ~tate. It ):Jre'~1Uppose3 a good deal of caution and diligence on the . part of compilers in copying figures correctly froIQ. the Borters' tickets and checking the tables. '1'0 ensure accuracy, each table after compilation, was checked with various columns and parts of it and the compilers were Jilatisfied only wlfen these tallied with each other.

The Supervisors and Assistant Supervisors who did AbstractjQn ~n4 Sort~Dg were retained to do the work of Corp.pila.Hon. 23

In the Censtls of J 911 excepting thl" nrst six tables in which were also $hown sel1arately the figures for the then (here "fore called) Guaranteed holdi ngs, British Cantonments, Military St~tion~ and Rail ways, all other slIbsequent tables dealt with figures for State Proper only. 1_'he first six tableE were prepal'ed by parganas in the previous Census but they have been shown by districts in the present one. For tables I, II, VI and V III two Provincial tables have been prepared showing the fij;{ures by pargfl.nas. The figures for the Military Stations and British Cautonments Were received from the Census Superintendent, Central India and have heen included in the parganas in whioh they lie. So also the figures for th.., Guaranteed Holdings etc., but now termed Feudatory Estates, luerged ali' they have been into· the parent State, forming part and pa.rcel of it 'l'he detached pargana Gangapur of the district of Mandasour lying as It politi.cally does ill the Rajputana Agency, its figures have been showCl jointly and separately in all the Impel'ial tables. A Provincial table (I I has also heen prepare1i showing the population of big Jagirs and 1~eudafory Estates.

Though the Compilation wonk waR commenced pa,.i P08SU with sorting, th~ regufar compilat'lou office commenced from 1st December 19~1 and continued till the end of Mar..:h 1922.

41. After· compilation, Sllbsidiary Tables we-re baken in hand.

(JompilRtion of subsi- Some ('If the Subsidiary 'fables were cGrnpleted while diary Tablea. the compilatiun was going Oil. A batch of three .co mpeteut men WIl.S engaged to prppare these Subsidiary Tables. For drawiflg graphs etc,. ~ draughtsmllIl was appointe&!

Fur Compilation, llJlperial Code Part I I was strictly followed.

Table X I II, pccording to the later suggestiong, ofr th6 Census Commis~ioller for India has boen much abridged by altogether omitting those castes from the main table whose number is laM' than (jne per mille of the gener!lol population and throwing them into the class " Others" An A ppendix is added to the main table in which c. Others ,. hitS been classified into various sub-sects etc., with the popUlatjon against them.

TaMes ~IX (Jllixed occupations) and X~ (occupation by Reli~ gion) though optional were prepared, 80S they were of inter~t. Table XXI B (.Distribution of workers in certain groups of occupation by caste, Tribe or Race) being optional was prepared for Lashitar' city' onl". DISPUTED AREAS. 42. It is very necessary to Rut on record some of the important facts regarding the disputecl areas for the guidance of the next' Censu$ Commissioner. 1. Guaranteed holding8 -The Resident at Gwalior informs the Political Member Gwalior Goternment under No. 327-G/419/1-20 date.d ~Oth January 192Q that the Govern~ent of ~ndia h,aye decidfd that ~4~ 24

Census Operations in the Gunrilllteed Estates shnll Le carripc) ()ut by the ",uz, rain Darbars subject' to' the cOllditions that ill the cl:l~e of ~btate9 which hold villages guaranteed or uDl!'uaranteed from more than one State the Darbars concerned will agree to the Karudar of the Estate .beillg nominated as Census Officer.

A ccordingly in the pI esent CattSIlS, the Censlls of the 32 Estates was taken by the Kamd1\rs under illstruc tions issued to them direct frulll the Darbar Census Commissioner.