DOCSLIB.ORG

Updates on the Treatment of Non-Aspergillus Hyaline Mold Infections

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Updates on the Treatment of Non-Aspergillus Hyaline Mold Infections Current Fungal Infection Reports (2019) 13:308–319 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-019-00364-4 CURRENT MANAGEMENT OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS (S JACOBS, SECTION EDITOR) Updates on the Treatment of Non-Aspergillus Hyaline Mold Infections Saman Nematollahi1 & Shmuel Shoham2 Published online: 26 November 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose of Review This review summarizes both the recent and relevant studies about the treatment of non-Aspergillus hyaline molds. Recent Findings Given the rarity of these infections, there have been no large randomized clinical trials regarding the most effective antifungal therapy. Summary Although there are more data for the treatment of Fusarium and Scedosporium, there are limited data with case reports that address the other rare hyalohyphomycetes. As we develop improved diagnostic techniques and larger fungal registries, we may be able to determine efficacious treatment modalities. We hope that future research will focus on implementing clinical trials with the new antifungals and ongoing development of novel fungal agents. Keywords Hyaline molds . Hyalohyphomycetes . Emerging fungal infections . Antifungal therapy . Fusarium . Scedosporium Introduction epidemiology of hyalohyphomycoses and then transition to a review of their treatment drawing from the published litera- Treatment of invasive infections due to non-Aspergillus hya- ture and from our own experiences. line molds (hyalohyphomycetes) is challenging. These molds are of particular concern due to their intrinsic resistance to many standard antifungal drugs and their potential for causing Background and Epidemiology devastating disease. The most common infections are due to Fusarium spp. and Scedosporium/Lomentospora,followedby Hyalohyphomycetes, which are normally present in soil, wa- Paecilomyces spp., Acremonium spp., Scopulariopsis spp., ter, and vegetation, are increasingly recognized as causes of Trichoderma spp., and Rasamsonia spp. These filamentous infection. Reasons for this include a growing population of at- fungi have branching septate hyphae that lack pigment and risk patients, broad use of prophylaxis effective against other are often confused with Aspergillus. It can also be difficult organisms (e.g. Aspergillus, Candida, bacteria), and improved to determine whether their presence in clinical specimen is fungal diagnostic techniques [1, 2]. reflective of colonization or invasive disease. Consequently, Data regarding hyalohyphomycoses are available from ep- accurate diagnosis and institution of proper treatment is often idemiology studies in the USA and Australia. The US based delayed. In this article, we will briefly touch on the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network This article is part of the Topical Collection on Current Management of (TRANSNET) identified 1208 invasive fungal infections in Fungal Infections solid organ transplantations (SOT) and 983 invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations * Saman Nematollahi (HSCT) from 2001 to 2006. Of those, 169 (8%) were due to [email protected] non-Aspergillus molds, with Fusarium accounting for 22% and Scedosporium for 16% [3, 4]. By contrast, an Australian 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns study of non-Aspergillus mold infections found that 33% were Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA due to Scedosporium spp., 8% Fusarium spp., and 2% 2 Transplant and Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Johns Paecilomyces spp., indicating that epidemiology may differ Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA by locale [5]. Curr Fungal Infect Rep (2019) 13:308–319 309 Fusarium species are grouped into ten phylogentic species and subtropical climates and Scedosporium with more tem- complexes [6]. Most infections are probably due to F. solani perate climates and certain geographic locales (e.g., species complex [7]. In the TRANSNET data set, F. solani Australia). Major host factors to consider are immunodeficien- accounted for 27% of Fusarium infections, but almost 60% cy states such as hematological malignancy, solid organ trans- were reported as unspecified Fusarium spp. [4]. Clinical man- plant (especially lung), and bone marrow transplant. ifestations in non-immunocompromised patients are most fre- Abnormal pulmonary architecture and mucosal defects can quently keratitis and onychomycosis. In immunocompro- predispose to colonization with fungi such as Fusarium spp., mised patients, infectious sites also include the skin, sinuses, Scedosporium spp., Purpureocillium lilacinum,and lower respiratory tract, and bloodstream [7].Diagnosisistyp- Paecilomyces variotii, which can then progress to infection. ically made by tissue or blood cultures with MALDI-TOF and In that regard, predisposing conditions such as skin break- PCR assays increasingly used to assist with identification of down and trauma, and lung diseases with bronchiectasis the organism [7–9]. With regard to fungal biomarkers, (e.g., cystic fibrosis) are important host factors. Given that Fusarium can cross-react with the galactomannan assay and these molds may be resistant to multiple antifungal agents, the beta-d-glucan assay has variable reactivity [10–13]. infections that break through prophylaxis or initial empiric The Scedosporium genus is primarily comprised of the therapy with a mold active agent should raise concern for Scedosporium apiospermum complex (S. apiospermum sensu hyalohyphomycoses. stricto, S. boydii,andPseudallescheria angusta). There are other rare species including S. aurantiacum, S. dehoogii,and Infection vs Colonization? S. minutisporum [14]. S. prolificans is phylogenetically dis- tinct from other Scedosporium spp. and has been renamed The decision to treat is straightforward when culture is obtain- Lomentospora prolificans [15]. The teleomorph (sexual state) ed from a sterile site (e.g., tissue or blood) and when there is of S. apiospermum is known as Pseudallescheria apiosperma histopathologic evidence of invasive infection. More chal- [7]. P. boydii was initially classified as the teleomorph but has lenging are circumstances when organism is retrieved from since been determined to be a different species [14]. non-sterile site specimen such as a sinus aspirate, sputum, Scedosporium/Lomentospora spp. tolerate anaerobic and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or urine. Cultures obtained from high saline environments and can be found in sewage, ma- these sites do not necessarily indicate infection. This is partic- nure, and swamps. L. prolificans and S. aurantiacum are pri- ularly true for patients with bronchiectasis such as those with marily found in hot and dry climates and are particularly lo- cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-immunocompromised patients calized to Australia, Spain, and Southern US, whereas with chronic sinusitis. Distinguishing between infection and S. apiospermum species complex is found in temperate cli- colonization requires consideration of host vulnerability, clin- mates and distributed worldwide [16•]. Most infections occur ical signs and symptoms, results of non-culture techniques in immunocompromised patients. Of the 27 Scedosporium (e.g., beta glucan, galactomannan, nucleic acid amplification), infections in the TRANSNET data set, S. apiospermum and radiographic findings. accounted for 70% and L. prolificans for 30% [4]. In immu- nocompetent patients, infection may occur following traumat- When to Pursue Surgical Versus Medical Management ic injury or near drowning in contaminated water. Typical sites Alone? of infection include the sinuses, lower respiratory tract, central nervous system (CNS), and bloodstream [7]. Similar to As a general rule, surgical debridement/drainage of affected Fusarium, Scedosporium is best diagnosed with tissue or areas should be considered in non-pulmonary blood cultures. Molecular assays are increasingly used, but hyalohyphomycoses. This is especially true when there is lo- are still experimental [7, 8]. There may be a role for beta-d- calized skin or soft tissue infection, brain involvement, or glucan and galactomannan index in diagnosing pleural disease. Antifungal therapy should be guided by sus- Scedosporium/Lomentospora, but utility of those assays is ceptibility, with the caveat that Clinical and Laboratory inconsistent [17, 18]. Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints have not yet been established for these fungi. Surgical intervention should be strongly considered for L. prolificans given its resistance to Basic Principles of Treatment virtually all available antifungals. For bloodstream infections (e.g., with Fusarium), removal of central venous catheters Hyalohyphomycoses should be considered in patients with may be required [7, 19••, 20•]. There is sometimes a role for compatible exposures, host factors, and clinical features. resection of fungal lung lesions [21], especially if there is no Clues include a history of exposures to soil, dust, vegetation, improvement with medical management alone, but the deci- and water that is suspected or known to be contaminated with sion to operate is often complicated by the high morbidity fungal spores. Fusarium is typically associated with tropical associated with such procedures. 310 Curr Fungal Infect Rep (2019) 13:308–319 Immunomodulation patients with high BMI, severe mucositis, malabsorption, and inability to consume high fat meals. Immunosuppression should be reduced to the extent feasible Voriconazole is available in IV and oral formulations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota) from Africa and Madagascar Indicate That the Current Concept of Elaphomyces Is Polyphyletic
    Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2016, 37 (1): 3-14 © 2016 Adac. Tous droits réservés Molecular analyses of first collections of Elaphomyces Nees (Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota) from Africa and Madagascar indicate that the current concept of Elaphomyces is polyphyletic Bart BUYCK a*, Kentaro HOSAKA b, Shelly MASI c & Valerie HOFSTETTER d a Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, département systématique et Évolution, CP 39, ISYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France b Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science (TNS) Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan, email: [email protected] c Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Musée de l’Homme, 17 place Trocadéro F-75116 Paris, France, email: [email protected] d Department of plant protection, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil research station, ACW, rte de duiller, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland, email: [email protected] Abstract – First collections are reported for Elaphomyces species from Africa and Madagascar. On the basis of an ITS phylogeny, the authors question the monophyletic nature of family Elaphomycetaceae and of the genus Elaphomyces. The objective of this preliminary paper was not to propose a new phylogeny for Elaphomyces, but rather to draw attention to the very high dissimilarity among ITS sequences for Elaphomyces and to the unfortunate choice of species to represent the genus in most previous phylogenetic publications on Elaphomycetaceae and other cleistothecial ascomycetes. Our study highlights the need for examining the monophyly of this family and to verify the systematic status of Pseudotulostoma as a separate genus for stipitate species. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for an in-depth morphological study, combined with molecular sequencing of the studied taxa, to point out the phylogenetically informative characters of the discussed taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species and Changes in Fungal Taxonomy and Nomenclature
    Journal of Fungi Review From the Clinical Mycology Laboratory: New Species and Changes in Fungal Taxonomy and Nomenclature Nathan P. Wiederhold * and Connie F. C. Gibas Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 October 2018; Accepted: 13 December 2018; Published: 16 December 2018 Abstract: Fungal taxonomy is the branch of mycology by which we classify and group fungi based on similarities or differences. Historically, this was done by morphologic characteristics and other phenotypic traits. However, with the advent of the molecular age in mycology, phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences has replaced these classic means for grouping related species. This, along with the abandonment of the dual nomenclature system, has led to a marked increase in the number of new species and reclassification of known species. Although these evaluations and changes are necessary to move the field forward, there is concern among medical mycologists that the rapidity by which fungal nomenclature is changing could cause confusion in the clinical literature. Thus, there is a proposal to allow medical mycologists to adopt changes in taxonomy and nomenclature at a slower pace. In this review, changes in the taxonomy and nomenclature of medically relevant fungi will be discussed along with the impact this may have on clinicians and patient care. Specific examples of changes and current controversies will also be given. Keywords: taxonomy; fungal nomenclature; phylogenetics; species complex 1. Introduction Kingdom Fungi is a large and diverse group of organisms for which our knowledge is rapidly expanding.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 400–468
    Persoonia 36, 2016: 316– 458 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158516X692185 Fungal Planet description sheets: 400–468 P.W. Crous1,2, M.J. Wingfield3, D.M. Richardson4, J.J. Le Roux4, D. Strasberg5, J. Edwards6, F. Roets7, V. Hubka8, P.W.J. Taylor9, M. Heykoop10, M.P. Martín11, G. Moreno10, D.A. Sutton12, N.P. Wiederhold12, C.W. Barnes13, J.R. Carlavilla10, J. Gené14, A. Giraldo1,2, V. Guarnaccia1, J. Guarro14, M. Hernández-Restrepo1,2, M. Kolařík15, J.L. Manjón10, I.G. Pascoe6, E.S. Popov16, M. Sandoval-Denis14, J.H.C. Woudenberg1, K. Acharya17, A.V. Alexandrova18, P. Alvarado19, R.N. Barbosa20, I.G. Baseia21, R.A. Blanchette22, T. Boekhout3, T.I. Burgess23, J.F. Cano-Lira14, A. Čmoková8, R.A. Dimitrov24, M.Yu. Dyakov18, M. Dueñas11, A.K. Dutta17, F. Esteve- Raventós10, A.G. Fedosova16, J. Fournier25, P. Gamboa26, D.E. Gouliamova27, T. Grebenc28, M. Groenewald1, B. Hanse29, G.E.St.J. Hardy23, B.W. Held22, Ž. Jurjević30, T. Kaewgrajang31, K.P.D. Latha32, L. Lombard1, J.J. Luangsa-ard33, P. Lysková34, N. Mallátová35, P. Manimohan32, A.N. Miller36, M. Mirabolfathy37, O.V. Morozova16, M. Obodai38, N.T. Oliveira20, M.E. Ordóñez39, E.C. Otto22, S. Paloi17, S.W. Peterson40, C. Phosri41, J. Roux3, W.A. Salazar 39, A. Sánchez10, G.A. Sarria42, H.-D. Shin43, B.D.B. Silva21, G.A. Silva20, M.Th. Smith1, C.M. Souza-Motta44, A.M. Stchigel14, M.M. Stoilova-Disheva27, M.A. Sulzbacher 45, M.T. Telleria11, C. Toapanta46, J.M. Traba47, N.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplement Hoenigl TLID 2021 Global Guideline for the Diagnosis
    Supplementary appendix This appendix formed part of the original submission and has been peer reviewed. We post it as supplied by the authors. Supplement to: Hoenigl M, Salmanton-García J, Walsh TJ, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; published online Feb 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30784-2. 1 Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare 2 mold infections: An initiative of the ECMM in cooperation 3 with ISHAM and ASM* 4 5 Authors 6 Martin Hoenigl (FECMM)1,2,3,54,55#, Jon Salmanton-García4,5,30,55, Thomas J. Walsh (FECMM)6, Marcio 7 Nucci (FECMM)7, Chin Fen Neoh (FECMM)8,9, Jeffrey D. Jenks2,3,10, Michaela Lackner (FECMM)11,55, Ro- 8 sanne Sprute4,5,55, Abdullah MS Al-Hatmi (FECMM)12, Matteo Bassetti13, Fabianne Carlesse 9 (FECMM)14,15, Tomas Freiberger16, Philipp Koehler (FECMM)4,5,17,30,55, Thomas Lehrnbecher18, Anil Ku- 10 mar (FECMM)19, Juergen Prattes (FECMM)1,55, Malcolm Richardson (FECMM)20,21,55,, Sanjay Revankar 11 (FECMM)22, Monica A. Slavin23,24, Jannik Stemler4,5,55, Birgit Spiess25, Saad J. Taj-Aldeen26, Adilia Warris 12 (FECMM)27, Patrick C.Y. Woo (FECMM)28, Jo-Anne H. Young29, Kerstin Albus4,30,55, Dorothee Arenz4,30,55, 13 Valentina Arsic-Arsenijevic (FECMM)31,54, Jean-Philippe Bouchara32,33, Terrence Rohan Chinniah34, Anu- 14 radha Chowdhary (FECMM)35, G Sybren de Hoog (FECMM)36, George Dimopoulos (FECMM)37, Rafael F.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Identification and Nomenclature of the Genus Aspergillus
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 78: 141–173. Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus R.A. Samson1*, C.M. Visagie1, J. Houbraken1, S.-B. Hong2, V. Hubka3, C.H.W. Klaassen4, G. Perrone5, K.A. Seifert6, A. Susca5, J.B. Tanney6, J. Varga7, S. Kocsube7, G. Szigeti7, T. Yaguchi8, and J.C. Frisvad9 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea; 3Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; 4Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, C70 Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 5Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; 6Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; 7Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; 8Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; 9Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark *Correspondence: R.A. Samson, [email protected] Abstract: Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species based on morphological, physiological and phylogenetic characters, which significantly impact biotechnology, food production, indoor environments and human health. Aspergillus was traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, but phylogenetic data suggest that together with genera such as Polypaecilum, Phialosimplex, Dichotomomyces and Cristaspora, Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. Changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants resulted in the move to one name per species, meaning that a decision had to be made whether to keep Aspergillus as one big genus or to split it into several smaller genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Metagenome Sequence of Elaphomyces Granulatus From
    bs_bs_banner Environmental Microbiology (2015) 17(8), 2952–2968 doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12840 Metagenome sequence of Elaphomyces granulatus from sporocarp tissue reveals Ascomycota ectomycorrhizal fingerprints of genome expansion and a Proteobacteria-rich microbiome C. Alisha Quandt,1*† Annegret Kohler,2 the sequencing of sporocarp tissue, this study has Cedar N. Hesse,3 Thomas J. Sharpton,4,5 provided insights into Elaphomyces phylogenetics, Francis Martin2 and Joseph W. Spatafora1 genomics, metagenomics and the evolution of the Departments of 1Botany and Plant Pathology, ectomycorrhizal association. 4Microbiology and 5Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. Introduction 2Institut National de la Recherché Agronomique, Centre Elaphomyces Nees (Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales) is an de Nancy, Champenoux, France. ectomycorrhizal genus of fungi with broad host associa- 3Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, tions that include both angiosperms and gymnosperms Los Alamos, NM, USA. (Trappe, 1979). As the only family to include mycorrhizal taxa within class Eurotiomycetes, Elaphomycetaceae Summary represents one of the few independent origins of the mycorrhizal symbiosis in Ascomycota (Tedersoo et al., Many obligate symbiotic fungi are difficult to maintain 2010). Other ectomycorrhizal Ascomycota include several in culture, and there is a growing need for alternative genera within Pezizomycetes (e.g. Tuber, Otidea, etc.) approaches to obtaining tissue and subsequent and Cenococcum in Dothideomycetes (Tedersoo et al., genomic assemblies from such species. In this 2006; 2010). The only other genome sequence pub- study, the genome of Elaphomyces granulatus was lished from an ectomycorrhizal ascomycete is Tuber sequenced from sporocarp tissue. The genome melanosporum (Pezizales, Pezizomycetes), the black assembly remains on many contigs, but gene space perigord truffle (Martin et al., 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Rasamsonia Composticola, a New Thermophilic Species Isolated from Compost in Yunnan, China
    Mycol Progress DOI 10.1007/s11557-012-0827-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Rasamsonia composticola, a new thermophilic species isolated from compost in Yunnan, China Yuan-Ying Su & Lei Cai Received: 3 March 2012 /Revised: 3 May 2012 /Accepted: 10 May 2012 # German Mycological Society and Springer 2012 Abstract Rasamsonia composticola sp. nov. is described, have a maximum growth temperature at or above 50 °C and illustrated, and compared with similar taxa. This species a minimum temperature of growth at or above 20 °C are produces globose to ellipsoid ascomata, spherical asci borne considered thermophilic, and those that have a thermal in short chains and globose, 1-celled ascospores, typical of maximum near 50 °C and a minimum well below 20 °C Rasamsonia. Anamorph on CYA, MEA, and PDA produces are thermotolerant (Cooney and Emerson 1964). Taxonom- verrucose, rough-walled conidiophores, and hyaline and ically, thermophiles constitute a heterogeneous group cylindrical conidia. This novel species is thermophilic with (Mouchacca 1997, 2007; Salar and Aneja 2007). Thermo- optimal growth temperature of 45–50 °C, and minimum philic fungi are important natural bio-resources capable of growth temperature of 30 °C. Phylogenetic analyses based producing thermo-stable enzymes, which are industrially on combined ITS rDNA, partial calmodulin, and β-tubulin important (Maheshwari et al. 2000). sequences, and combined partial RPB2, Tsr1, and Cct8 gene Houbraken et al. (2012) introduced Rasamsonia, with the sequences were conducted. Both confirmed the generic type species R. emersonii based on a polyphasic study of placement in Rasamsonia and showed its close phylogenetic thermotolerant and thermophilic species in Trichocomaceae. relationships to several species in the genus, such as R.
    [Show full text]
  • © Copyright 2018 Karen L. Dyson
    © Copyright 2018 Karen L. Dyson Parcel-scale development and landscaping actions affect vegetation, bird, and fungal communities on office developments Karen L. Dyson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: Gordon Bradley, Chair Ken Yocom Jon Bakker Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Interdisciplinary Program in Urban Design and Planning University of Washington Abstract Parcel-scale development and landscaping actions affect vegetation, bird, and fungal communities on office developments Karen L. Dyson Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Emeritus Gordon Bradley Environmental and Forest Sciences Habitat loss and degradation are primary drivers of extinction and reduced ecosystem function in urban social-ecological systems. While creating local reserves and restoring degraded habitat are important, they are incomplete responses. The matrix, including the built environment, in which these preserves are located must also provide resources for local species. Urban ecosystems can be used to achieve conservation goals by altering human actions to support local species’ habitat needs. I ask what outcomes of development, landscaping, and maintenance actions taken at the parcel scale explained variation in vegetation, bird, and fungal community composition on office developments in Redmond and Bellevue, Washington, USA. These include measures of tree preservation, planting choices, and resource inputs. I compared these with neighborhood and site scale socio-economic variables and neighborhood scale land cover variables found significant in previous urban ecology studies (Heezik et al., 2013; Lerman and Warren, 2011; Loss et al., 2009; Munyenyembe et al.,1989). I found that variables describing the outcome of development and landscaping actions were associated with tree community composition and explained variation in shrub, winter passerine, and fungal community composition.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistant Rasamsonia Argillacea Complex in Cystic Fibrosis
    DR ALIREZA ABDOLRASOULI (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-8934-2343) DR DARIUS ARMSTRONG-JAMES (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-1014-7343) Article type : Original Article Airway persistence by the emerging multi-azole-resistant Rasamsonia argillacea complex in cystic fibrosis Running title: Rasamsonia infection in cystic fibrosis Alireza Abdolrasouli1, Amelia C. Bercusson1, Johanna L. Rhodes2, Ferry Hagen3,4,5, Jochem Article B. Buil3,4, Alison Y. Y. Tang1, Leonard L. de Boer1, Anand Shah6, Andrew J. Milburn6, J. 6 6 3,4 2 7 Stuart Elborn , Andrew L. Jones , Jacques F. Meis , Matthew C. Fisher , Silke Schelenz , Nicholas J. Simmonds6, Darius Armstrong-James1,7* 1. Fungal Pathogens Laboratory, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK 2. Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, UK 3. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands 4. Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboud UMC/CWZ and ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 5. Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands 6. Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK 7. Department of Microbiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation trust, London, UK This is an Accepted Article that has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication in the This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may Accepted lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/myc.12789 This article is protected by copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 95: 5–169 (2020). Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species J. Houbraken1*, S. Kocsube2, C.M. Visagie3, N. Yilmaz3, X.-C. Wang1,4, M. Meijer1, B. Kraak1, V. Hubka5, K. Bensch1, R.A. Samson1, and J.C. Frisvad6* 1Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; 3Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; 4State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; 5Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; 6Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, B. 221, Kongens Lyngby, DK 2800, Denmark *Correspondence: J. Houbraken, [email protected]; J.C. Frisvad, [email protected] Abstract: The Eurotiales is a relatively large order of Ascomycetes with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the Eurotiales and introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for Aspergillus and Penicillium. Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the Eurotiales is given. The classification of the Eurotiales at family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Thermostable D-Amino Acid Oxidase of the Thermophilic Fungus
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A novel thermostable d-amino acid oxidase of the thermophilic fungus Rasamsonia emersonii strain YA Received: 11 April 2019 Yuya Shimekake, Takehiro Furuichi, Katsumasa Abe, Yoshio Kera & Shouji Takahashi Accepted: 6 August 2019 d-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is a valuable favoenzyme capable of being used in various practical Published: xx xx xxxx applications, such as in determining d-amino acids and producing a material for semisynthetic cephalosporins, requiring higher thermal stability, higher catalytic activity, and broad substrate specifcity. In this study, we isolated the thermophilic fungus Rasamsonia emersonii strain YA, which can grow on several d-amino acids as the sole nitrogen source, from a compost and characterized DAAO (ReDAAO) of the fungus. ReDAAO expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited signifcant oxidase activity against various neutral and basic d-amino acids, in particular hydrophobic d-amino acids. In addition, the enzyme also signifcantly acted on cephalosporin C, a starting material for semisynthetic antibiotics, and d-Glu, a general substrate for d-aspartate oxidase but not for DAAO, showing its unique and practically useful substrate specifcity. The apparent kcat and Km values of the enzyme toward good substrates were comparable to those of higher catalytic fungal DAAOs, and the thermal stability (T50 value of ~60 °C) was comparable to that of a thermophilic bacterial DAAO and signifcantly higher than that of other eukaryotic DAAOs. These results highlight the great potential of ReDAAO for use in practical applications. d-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO, EC 1.4.3.3) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of neutral and basic d-amino acids with favin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic, Genomic, and Transcriptomic Analysis of Mycoparasitic Tolypocladium Species and Their Elaphomyces Hosts
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF C. Alisha Quandt for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on July 17, 2014 Title: Systematic, Genomic, and Transcriptomic Analysis of Mycoparasitic Tolypocladium Species and their Elaphomyces Hosts. Abstract approved:________________________________________________________ Joseph W. Spatafora Fungi in the genus Tolypocladium are diverse in their host associations, but the predominant ecologies include parasites of the ectomycorrhizal genus Elaphomyces and pathogens of insects. The aim of this dissertation research is to examine the evolution of these fungi and their host associations. To accomplish this several lines of data collection, analyses and experimentation, including nomenclatural changes, genome sequencing, differential RNA expression, and metagenomic sequencing of a host sporocarp, were pursued in an integrated manner. The first chapter is an introduction to the study systems and a background of fungal genomics. Nomenclatural issues are addressed in family Ophiocordycipitaceae and Tolypocladium that were brought about by changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, abolishing a system where a single fungal species could have different generic names at different parts of its life cycle. Proposals for names to be protected and suppressed are made for the family in addition to new combinations in Tolypocladium. The genome sequence of T. ophioglossoides reveals a great number of secondary metabolite genes and clusters, including three, large peptaibiotic genes. The evolution of these genes, which have only been identified in Tolypocladium and Trichoderma species, is different within these two genera. Phylogenomic analyses of Peptaibiotics reveal a pattern that is consistent with speciation in the genus Trichoderma, while peptaibiotic diversity within Tolypocladium is inferred to be the product of lineage sorting and is inconsistent with the organismal phylogeny of the genus.
    [Show full text]