LIFE of CHRISTIAAN HUYGHENS: Brief Notes
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Huygens on Translation
HUYGENS ON TRANSLATION Theo Hermans 1 The tercentenary of the death of Constantijn Huygens (1596-1687) presents a convenient occasion to trace the views held by this versatile and multilingual writer on the subject of translation. A first inventory of Huygens' pronouncements on the matter is all that will be attempted here. The choice of Huygens is not dictated by commemorative considerations alone. Both the contemporary appreciation of his work as a translator – notably of John Donne – and the fact that, as in Vondel's case, some of Huygens' comments on translation are echoed and occasionally challenged by other translators, indicate that his approach to the subject is sufficiently central to be treated as a point of reference. 2 Huygens' extraordinary gifts as a linguist are well known, as is the fact that he began to write poems in Latin at the age of 11 and in French at 16, two years before he tried his hand at Dutch verse. It has been calculated that of the more than 75,000 lines of verse in Worp's edition of Huygens' Collected Poems, 64.3% are in Dutch, 26.4% in Latin and 8.7% in French, with Italian, Greek, German and Spanish making up the remaining 0.6% (Van Seggelen 1987:72). His skill as a multilingual versifier can be breathtaking: in one of his more playful polyglot moods he presents his friend Jacob van der Burgh with an "Olla podrida" poem, dated 11 March 1625, with lines in Dutch, Latin, Greek, Italian, French, Spanish, German and English (Ged. II: 111-13). -
A Brief Tour Into the History of Gravity: from Emocritus to Einstein
American Journal of Space Science 1 (1): 33-45, 2013 ISSN: 1948-9927 © 2013 Science Publications doi:10.3844/ajssp.2013.33.45 Published Online 1 (1) 2013 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajss.toc) A Brief Tour into the History of Gravity: From Emocritus to Einstein Panagiotis Papaspirou and Xenophon Moussas Department of Physics, Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece ABSTRACT The History of Gravity encompasses many different versions of the idea of the Gravitational interaction, which starts already from the Presocratic Atomists, continues to the doctrines of the Platonic and Neoplatonic School and of the Aristotelian School, passes through the works of John Philoponus and John Bouridan and reaches the visions of Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei. Then, the major breakthrough in the Theory of Motion and the Theory of Gravity takes place within the realm of Isaac Newton’s most famous Principia and of the work of Gottfried Leibniz, continues with the contributions of the Post- newtonians, such as Leonhard Euler, reaches the epoch of its modern formulation by Ernst Mach and other Giants of Physics and Philosophy of this epoch, enriches its structure within the work of Henry Poincare and finally culminates within the work of Albert Einstein, with the formulation of the Theory of Special Relativity and of General Relativity at the begin of the 20th century. The evolution of the Theory of General Relativity still continues up to our times, is rich in forms it takes and full of ideas of theoretical strength. Many fundamental concepts of the Epistemology and the History of Physics appear in the study of the Theory of Gravity, such as the notions of Space, of Time, of Motion, of Mass, in its Inertial, Active Gravitational and Passive Gravitational form, of the Inertial system of reference, of the Force, of the Field, of the Riemannian Geometry and of the Field Equations. -
Pioneers in Optics: Christiaan Huygens
Downloaded from Microscopy Pioneers https://www.cambridge.org/core Pioneers in Optics: Christiaan Huygens Eric Clark From the website Molecular Expressions created by the late Michael Davidson and now maintained by Eric Clark, National Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 . IP address: [email protected] 170.106.33.22 Christiaan Huygens reliability and accuracy. The first watch using this principle (1629–1695) was finished in 1675, whereupon it was promptly presented , on Christiaan Huygens was a to his sponsor, King Louis XIV. 29 Sep 2021 at 16:11:10 brilliant Dutch mathematician, In 1681, Huygens returned to Holland where he began physicist, and astronomer who lived to construct optical lenses with extremely large focal lengths, during the seventeenth century, a which were eventually presented to the Royal Society of period sometimes referred to as the London, where they remain today. Continuing along this line Scientific Revolution. Huygens, a of work, Huygens perfected his skills in lens grinding and highly gifted theoretical and experi- subsequently invented the achromatic eyepiece that bears his , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at mental scientist, is best known name and is still in widespread use today. for his work on the theories of Huygens left Holland in 1689, and ventured to London centrifugal force, the wave theory of where he became acquainted with Sir Isaac Newton and began light, and the pendulum clock. to study Newton’s theories on classical physics. Although it At an early age, Huygens began seems Huygens was duly impressed with Newton’s work, he work in advanced mathematics was still very skeptical about any theory that did not explain by attempting to disprove several theories established by gravitation by mechanical means. -
Newton.Indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 14:45 | Pag
omslag Newton.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 14:45 | Pag. 1 e Dutch Republic proved ‘A new light on several to be extremely receptive to major gures involved in the groundbreaking ideas of Newton Isaac Newton (–). the reception of Newton’s Dutch scholars such as Willem work.’ and the Netherlands Jacob ’s Gravesande and Petrus Prof. Bert Theunissen, Newton the Netherlands and van Musschenbroek played a Utrecht University crucial role in the adaption and How Isaac Newton was Fashioned dissemination of Newton’s work, ‘is book provides an in the Dutch Republic not only in the Netherlands important contribution to but also in the rest of Europe. EDITED BY ERIC JORINK In the course of the eighteenth the study of the European AND AD MAAS century, Newton’s ideas (in Enlightenment with new dierent guises and interpre- insights in the circulation tations) became a veritable hype in Dutch society. In Newton of knowledge.’ and the Netherlands Newton’s Prof. Frans van Lunteren, sudden success is analyzed in Leiden University great depth and put into a new perspective. Ad Maas is curator at the Museum Boerhaave, Leiden, the Netherlands. Eric Jorink is researcher at the Huygens Institute for Netherlands History (Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences). / www.lup.nl LUP Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. 1 Newton and the Netherlands Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. 2 Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. -
Introduction
Introduction Queen's College, the predecessor of Rutgers University, was the eighth college to be founded in the American colonies. The early colonial colleges were founded to meet the emerging needs for an educated clergy, and to provide education to other leaders of the community. The religious leaders of the colonies were foremost in the movements to establish these colleges. Although denominational sponsorship was critical to the founding and early support of the colleges, there were generally no religious tests for students, and the colleges were chartered by the colonies. Leaders of the Puritan Congregational Church founded Harvard College in 1636 with a bequest of £400 from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The College was organized and named Harvard College in 1639, and chartered in 1650. The traditional list of colonial colleges that followed Harvard College begins with William and Mary College, which was founded in 1693 by leaders of the Anglican Episcopal Church, followed by Yale College, which was founded in 1701 by leaders of the Puritan Congregational Church. The College of Philadelphia (later University of Pennsylvania) was founded in 1740 by Benjamin Franklin and other leading citizens of Philadelphia, and had the weakest religious connections of the colonial colleges. The College of New Jersey (later Princeton College) was founded in 1746 by leaders of the Presbyterian Church, King's College (later Columbia College) was founded in 1754 by leaders of the Anglican Episcopal Church, and the College of Rhode Island (later Brown College) was founded in 1764 by leaders of the Baptist Church. 1 History of Physics and Astronomy Some elements of physics and astronomy were taught in the colonial colleges from the time they opened. -
Constantijnhuygens' Pathodiasacra Etprofana
CONSTANTIJN HUYGENS’ PATHODIA SACRA ET PROFANA. A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY GANDOLFO CASCIO UTRECHT UNIVERSITY Abstract Constantijn Huygens (1596-1687) in 1620 traveled to Venice as a secretary of ambassador Van Aerssen: he was the only member of the legation who knew Italian. This visit to the Most Serene Republic has been extremely important to him, since he could experience the many natural and artistic wonders he had a mere abstract knowledge of. However, in his life the Dutch poet made a more interesting journey: an intellectual and sentimental one, writing his Pathodia sacra et profana. In this collection we have compositions written in Italian in the very fashionable style of Petrarch. In my essay, I will try to make an historic-philological analysis of this opus in order to establish how the original paradigm has been respected or violated, both in style as well as content. Key Words Constantijn Huygens, Reception theory, stylistics, Petrarchism, Baroque. to flee time you need to seek refuge before time, solely in its length. Carlo Levi1 In 1891, more or less midway upon the journey of his life, Paul Gaugain left his country and set sail on a ship that anchored in the port of Papeete. A couple of years later, Amedeo Modigliani used to portray his friends à la Giorgione. These 1 ‘Per fuggire il tempo bisogna rifugiarsi prima del tempo, nella pura durata’: Carlo Levi, comment on Sterne’s Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy (1768), in Carlo Levi, Prima e dopo le parole. Scritti e discorsi sulla letteratura, Rome: Donzelli, 2001, p. 154. -
What's the Problem with the Cosmological Constant?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Philsci-Archive What’s the problem with the cosmological constant? Mike D. Schneider∗y Abstract The “Cosmological Constant Problem” (CCP) is widely considered a crisis in contemporary theoretical physics. Unfortunately, the search for its resolution is hampered by open disagreement about what is, strictly, the problem. This disagreement stems from the observation that the CCP is not a problem within any of our current theories, and nearly all of the details of those future theories for which the CCP could be made a problem are up for grabs. Given this state of affairs, I discuss how one ought to make sense of the role of the CCP in physics and generalize some lessons from it. ∗To contact the author, write to: Mike D. Schneider, Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of California, Irvine; e-mail: [email protected]. yI would like to thank James Owen Weatherall and Erik Curiel for their steering comments on earlier drafts of this paper. I am also grateful for the many questions and comments from members of the Southern California Philosophy of Physics reading group, as well as for the positive reception of the paper at the Philosophy of Logic, Math, and Physics graduate student conference at the Rotman Institute of Philosophy at Western University. Finally, I am indebted to Jeffrey Barrett, JB Manchak, Hannah Rubin, Kyle Stanford, and John Earman, as well as to an anonymous reviewer and an editor for pushing me to make my punchlines clearer. -
Galileo's Contribution to Mechanics
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works Faculty Publications 5-4-2017 Galileo's Contribution to Mechanics Asim Gangopadhyaya Loyola University Chicago, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/physics_facpubs Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the Physics Commons Recommended Citation Gangopadhyaya, Asim, "Galileo's Contribution to Mechanics" (2017). Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works. 49. https://ecommons.luc.edu/physics_facpubs/49 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. © Wipf and Stock Publishers 2017 WHERE HAVE ALL THE HEAVENS GONE? . Science and Religion, 400 B. C.toA.D.i550; From Aristotle to Copernicus. Greenwood Guides to Science and Religion. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004. Land, Barbara. The Telescope Makers: From Galileo to the Space Age. New York; Crowell, 1968. Lindberg, David C. The Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory to A.D. 1450. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. "Galileo, the Church, and the Cosmos." In When Science and 5 Christianity Meet, edited by David C. Lindberg and Ronald L. Numbers, 33-60. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. Lindberg, David C, and Ronald L. Numbers. When Science and Christianity Galileo's Contribution to Mechanics Meet. -
A Short History of Physics (Pdf)
A Short History of Physics Bernd A. Berg Florida State University PHY 1090 FSU August 28, 2012. References: Most of the following is copied from Wikepedia. Bernd Berg () History Physics FSU August 28, 2012. 1 / 25 Introduction Philosophy and Religion aim at Fundamental Truths. It is my believe that the secured part of this is in Physics. This happend by Trial and Error over more than 2,500 years and became systematic Theory and Observation only in the last 500 years. This talk collects important events of this time period and attaches them to the names of some people. I can only give an inadequate presentation of the complex process of scientific progress. The hope is that the flavor get over. Bernd Berg () History Physics FSU August 28, 2012. 2 / 25 Physics From Acient Greek: \Nature". Broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. The universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists or is known to exist. In many ways, physics stems from acient greek philosophy and was known as \natural philosophy" until the late 18th century. Bernd Berg () History Physics FSU August 28, 2012. 3 / 25 Ancient Physics: Remarkable people and ideas. Pythagoras (ca. 570{490 BC): a2 + b2 = c2 for rectangular triangle: Leucippus (early 5th century BC) opposed the idea of direct devine intervention in the universe. He and his student Democritus were the first to develop a theory of atomism. Plato (424/424{348/347) is said that to have disliked Democritus so much, that he wished his books burned. -
A New Earth Study Guide.Pdf
A New Earth Study Guide Week 1 The consciousness that says ‘I am’ is not the consciousness that thinks. —Jean-Paul Sartre Affi rmation: "Through the guidance and wisdom of Spirit, I am being transformed by the renewing of my mind. All obstacles and emotions are stepping stones to the realization and appreciation of my sacred humanness." Study Questions – A New Earth (Review chapters 1 & 2, pp 1-58) Chapter 1: The Flowering of Human Consciousness Refl ect: Eckhart Tolle uses the image of the fi rst fl ower to begin his discussion of the transformation of consciousness. In your transformation, is this symbolism important to you? Describe. The two core insights of early religion are: 1) the normal state of human consciousness is dysfunctional (the Hindu call it maya – the veil of delusion) and 2) the opportunity for transformation is also in human consciousness (the Hindu call this enlightenment) (p. 8-9). What in your recent experience points to each of these insights? “To recognize one’s own insanity is, of course, the arising of sanity, the beginning of healing and transcendence” (p. 14). To what extent and in what circumstances (that you’re willing to discuss) does this statement apply to you? Religion is derived from the Latin word religare, meaning “to bind.” What, in your religious experience, have you been bound to? Stretching your imagination a bit, what could the word have pointed to in its original context? Spirit is derived from the Latin word spiritus, breath, and spirare, to blow. Aside from the allusion to hot air, how does this word pertain to your transformation? Do you consider yourself to be “spiritual” or “religious”? What examples of practices or beliefs can you give to illustrate? How does this passage from Revelation 21:1-4 relate to your transformation? Tease out as much of the symbolism as you can. -
Global History and the Present Time
Global History and the Present Time Wolf Schäfer There are three times: a present time of past things; a present time of present things; and a present time of future things. St. Augustine1 It makes sense to think that the present time is the container of past, present, and future things. Of course, the three branches of the present time are heavily inter- twined. Let me illustrate this with the following story. A few journalists, their minds wrapped around present things, report the clash of some politicians who are taking opposite sides in a struggle about future things. The politicians argue from histori- cal precedent, which was provided by historians. The historians have written about past things in a number of different ways. This gets out into the evening news and thus into the minds of people who are now beginning to discuss past, present, and future things. The people’s discussion returns as feedback to the journalists, politi- cians, and historians, which starts the next round and adds more twists to the en- tangled branches of the present time. I conclude that our (hi)story has no real exit doors into “the past” or “the future” but a great many mirror windows in each hu- man mind reflecting spectra of actual pasts and potential futures, all imagined in the present time. The complexity of the present (any given present) is such that no- body can hope to set the historical present straight for everybody. Yet this does not mean that a scientific exploration of history is impossible. History has a proven and robust scientific method. -
Networking in High Society the Duarte Family in Seventeenth-Century Antwerp1
Networking in high society The Duarte family in seventeenth-century Antwerp1 Timothy De Paepe Vleeshuis Museum | Klank van de stad & University of Antwerp At the end of the sixteenth century the Duarte family, who were of Jewish origin, moved from Portugal to Antwerp and it was here that Diego (I) Duarte laid the foundations for a particularly lucrative business in gemstones and jewellery. His son Gaspar (I) and grandson Gaspar (II) were also very successful professionally and became purveyors of fine jewellery to the courts in (among other places) England, France, the Dutch Republic and the Habsburg Empire. Their wealth enabled the Duartes to collect art and make music in their “palace” on the Meir. Their artistic taste and discernment was such that the mansion became a magnet for visitors from all over Western Europe. The arts were a catalyst for the Duartes’ business, but also constituted a universal language that permitted the family to transcend religious and geographical borders. The death of Diego (II) Duarte in 1691 brought to an end the story of the Duartes in Antwerp. The Duartes were possibly the foremost dealers in jewellery and gemstones in Antwerp in the seventeenth century, but they did not achieve that position without a great deal of effort. Thanks to hard work, determination, a love of the arts and a widespread family network, plus the advantage of Antwerp’s geographically central position, these enterprising cosmopolitans managed to overcome religious discrimination and a succession of setbacks. And in the intimacy of their home they brought together the world of business, the arts and diplomacy in an environment that welcomed every discerning visitor, irrespective of his or her religious background.