Cawood Village Design Statement

CAWOOD VILLAGE DESIGN STATEMENT

SUPPLEMENTARY PLANNING DOCUMENT December 2009 CONTENTS VDS OBJECTIVES Purpose of a Village Design Statement 1 To Provide a record of local distinctiveness by The Cawood Village Design Statement 1 describing the unique qualities and character of the village. Map of Cawood 2 Summary of Design Characteristics 3 To identify the key features and Conservation & Listing 5 characteristics of the local natural and built Introduction to Cawood 6 environment to be respected and protected A Brief History of Cawood 10 from the impact of inappropriate development. Character Areas: 1: The Old Town 12 To provide design guidance for new 2: Church End & Water Row 19 development so that change is managed and 3: Wistowgate& Broad Lane 23 development is in harmony with its setting.

Appendices To achieve a higher standard of sustainable What is a Village Design Statement and 28 design and where possible to enhance the how do I use it? local environment. General advice for prospective 30 developers To increase the involvement and influence of the local community in the planning system.

LOCATION MAP

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office. ©Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Selby District Council 100018656 PURPOSE OF A VILLAGE DESIGN STATEMENT

PURPOSE OF A VILLAGE DESIGN look new, and should not slavishly copy the STATEMENT old buildings. However, new development 1.1 Our villages all occupy a unique position should “fit in” with the context of the village. in the surrounding countryside, and have evolved over hundreds of years to suit the 1.5 The VDS is written so that all developers needs and circumstances of the people who can avoid lengthy discussion in the planning lived there through the ages. As a result of application process, as the design context is this, we are naturally drawn to the elements clearly set out from the beginning. Where that make our own village different for others, design is not respectful to the village, the and those things that make it unique. VDS can be used as evidence to justify the refusal of planning permission. 1.2 More recently, volume house building and standardisation has failed to reflect both 1.6 Therefore the Local Planning Authority the subtle and obvious elements that create welcomes early discussion with anyone this local distinctiveness. Coupled with this, considering undertaking any work so that a political ideology, personal tastes and consensus can be achieved, and local cultural changes have all played their part in character can be maintained. the design of buildings. It is now recognised that local distinctiveness is vital in helping to CAWOOD VILLAGE DESIGN integrate new development and in creating STATEMENT sustainable communities. This can be 2.1 Cawood is made up of three principal achieved through an understanding of local areas, with evidence showing that there character, and ensuring that this were originally three different settlements. understanding is shared with anyone Whilst development has taken place within considering development. and around these areas, the original settlements have become blurred but there 1.3 A Village Design Statement (VDS) is remains a relatively distinct change from one such a method. It is intended to explain the to the next. Therefore these form the basis context or character of the village so that for identifying three broad character areas. anyone who is considering any form of development in the village - no matter how 2.2 The character descriptions set out the large or small - can do it sympathetically. traditional layout, materials and architectural The VDS covers relatively straightforward features that are common to an area. Whilst work such as replacing doors and windows these do not strictly apply to all development as well as more significant work such as in that area, they are the key features that building extensions and complete new should inform any new development in the buildings. It sets out the elements that village. make up character in order to improve the quality of design in any new development.

1.4 The description of local character in this VDS is not intended to be prescriptive - new development should not be designed to “look old”. Instead the VDS should be used as inspiration to design new modern development that is respectful to its surroundings. In this context, that means using the appropriate building materials and architectural styles, and respecting the importance of spaces, building orientation and size. Overall, new development should MAP OF CAWOOD

Character areas 1 Old Town 2 Church End/Water Row 3 Wistowgate & Broad Lane North a Castle Garth area SUMMARY OF DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

Ferry Inn and Threadgold Lane area SUMMARY OF ·Close proximity of buildings to one another ·Mediaeval layout with short narrow roads DESIGN ·Buildings built directly onto the road, few CHARACTERISTICS pavements ·Short terraces of around three houses, each terrace changes in aspect and design The list below summarises the important ·A commonality of scale, massing, elements that help to define the village. proportions, materials and details Successful development will utilise these ·Buildings do not feature windows in the roof points to blend seamlessly in to the existing which maintains the two storey street scene built form. ·Off road parking as the streets are too narrow to accommodate parked vehicles AREA ONE: OLD TOWN Market Place and Sherburn Street ·Buildings all different sizes and scale ·Rear of many properties an array of AREA TWO: CHURCH END & WATER outbuildings/stables/garages are found, ROW featuring few architectural details Church End ·Streets are made up of a continuous ·Narrow land leading to the Ings frontage of cottages and houses at the ·Limited formal footpaths by the road head of a long rectangular burgage plot ·Flood bank path to the church from the old ·Simple, modest cottages are two storey, pinfold facing front ·Road is flanked by dense mature hedges, ·Opening directly on to the street trees and other vegetation. ·Straight road with very narrow pavements ·Short terraces and semi-detached houses ·Houses are all of different sizes and scales with small gaps in the frontage with eave and ridge height variation ·Gaps grow wider further out as larger ·“ribbon development” layout buildings are set in larger plots ·Dark brown/red rough faced, irregular, hand ·Majority two storey dwellings vary in styles made brick and materials ·Textures and colours vary a patchwork of ·Elevations are square or are wider than they finishes are tall, but are seldom symmetrical ·White rendering, though not traditional, is ·No two buildings are alike now common ·Old hand clamped bricks ·Shallow weatherproof band is found at the ·Brick string course between ground and first foot of the wall floor ·Steep roof pitches ·Squat chimneys built at the gable ends ·Red pan tile or occasional grey slate ·White timber window with multiple panes ·No overhang at the eaves ·Brick and stone header and cill details ·More elaborate properties feature a narrow ·Steeply pitched roofs made in pan tiles or stone water table, occasionally made in dark grey slate brick ·Roof spaces are unused Water Row ·Tall, thin, white timber sash windows set ·Terrace of small two storey cottages and back in their reveals double fronted Georgian villas ·Doors are often found in white or dark ·Gabled roofs and front facing eaves period colour ·Pan tile or grey slate roofs ·Absence of timber work at eaves level such ·Double chimneys as barge boards ·Pitched porches ·Windows are small, timber with multiple ·Flat or arched brick headers above panes Georgian style small windows and doors ·Lintels are shallow brick arches ·Distinctive front steps and a strip of cobbles ·Hand made bricks, some cream render SUMMARY OF DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

AREA THREE: WISTOWGATE & BROAD LANE

·Short terraces of larger houses and individually designed ‘villa’ properties ·Large, squarer burgage plots ·Ribbon development style ·Georgian influences ·No two houses are alike ·Building line varies: some set back, some open directly on to the street. ·Front garden length varies but is never more that a couple of metres, defined by a low wall and hedges ·The ratio of building-to-gaps is regular ·Around half the buildings’ eaves face the road while the other half are turned 90% so the gable wall faces the road ·Gable walls that face the street feature secondary windows ·Plots are long and thin with access to the rear ·Brick and pan tile construction ·Water tables and exaggerated kneeler stones are found ·Tall, brick chimneys with a single protruding brick band around the top, capped with two tall clay pots are built from the gable walls ·Neat, symmetrical, well-proportioned elevations with a horizontal emphasis ·Some slight variation in eaves and ridge heights ·Seldom a gap between the window header and the eaves ·Eaves do not overhang CONSERVATION AND LISTING

VDS and Conservation those aspects that make up the existing 3.1 The village has a designated character, which may not be so squarely "Conservation Area"; a planning tool similar focussed on the historic elements. It to Listing a building, except that it covers a considers those aspects that may not be of larger area. Conservation Areas are concern to the national interest, but are designated in an attractive historic area important to local people. where there is a demonstrable character that it is "desirable to preserve or enhance" in the 3.4 There is clearly a crossover of the two national interest. mechanisms, particularly where much of the village’s character is derived from the historic 3.2 The aims of the Conservation Area are environment. But the two mechanisms can similar to those of a VDS, but is undertaken work alongside each other to help to improve using different planning legislation. the quality of new development. Conservation Areas are concerned with historic environments, with an emphasis on 3.5 A map of the village’s Conservation Area managing change progressively, maintaining is included in the VDS purely for information. the historic fabric and layout. The For more information about Conservation Conservation Area designation is set out in a Areas, contact Selby District Council different policy and ultimately carries more Development Management service on 01757 weight than the VDS SPD (see hierarchy in 705101. appendix 1).

3.3 The VDS on the other hand is less focussed on the historic aspects. It often covers more modern areas and considers

0 80m INTRODUCTION TO CAWOOD

Department identified the biggest threat to INTRODUCTION Cawood as “indiscriminate and inappropriate development ruining the character, TO CAWOOD particularly the long thin Burgage plots”. It sets out some simple guidelines for modern 4.1 Situated on the west bank of the River development, and this SPD continues and Ouse about a mile downstream of the bolsters them. confluence with the River Wharfe, Cawood is one of the oldest and most important settlements in Selby District. It lies at the crossing of the B1223 Selby-Towton road and B1222 Sherburn-York road, approximately 5 miles north-west of Selby and 10 miles south of York.

4.2 Geologically speaking, the village lies on fertile drift deposits over red sandstone which forms a vast featureless plain. The river crossing’s strategic importance was recognised by successive peoples: Romans, Saxons and Vikings visited and settled here, and Cawood Castle was famed for banquets and tournaments. The castle has now mostly gone - destroyed in the civil war - but 4.6 That plan described the area around the the grounds remain as part of open land Cawood crossroad as: “A heterogeneous known to all as The Castle Garth. Prior to assemblage of contiguous units combine to the coming of the railways, the River Ouse form a coherent whole.” It is proposed to was a strategic freight route to York so simplify this description in order that Cawood flourished as an inland port. everyone can follow the design advice to protect and enhance Cawood’s character, no 4.3 The name Cawood is reputed to be matter how big or small their development is. derived from the call of the crow in the last Above: All Saints Church woodlands in the area, but most trees have Below: Water Row now gone. An attractive village remains, with many historic associations, sometimes called “The Windsor of the North” because of association with royalty and archbishops in past centuries.

4.4 The river bank gives the village an attractive setting. In the early years of car ownership, people would come from far afield simply to park on the foreshore and walk along Water Row to All Saints’ Church. The view of the church remains an important scene within the village. A ferry operated to cross the river at Cawood until it was replaced in the early 1870’s by a swing bridge. As the only crossing between Selby and York it has always been and still is an important route.

4.5 In 1972 the West Riding County Planning INTRODUCTION TO CAWOOD

4.7 There are three principal areas of Cawood, with evidence showing that there were originally three settlements. Whilst the passage of time has blurred these boundaries, they remain relatively distinct areas within Cawood, and form the basis for identifying three character areas, below:

AREA ONE: OLD TOWN 4.8 The Old Town area is the original settlement built around the castle and the ecclesiastical seat of power associated with the Archbishop of York. This area is clustered around the Market Place, broadly defined by the Garth to the east, River Ouse to the north east, the vicarage to north west, and by the mini roundabout at the end of Sherburn Street to the south. This is probably the heart of Cawood today, and in terms of street network, spaces etc remains very largely intact.

AREA TWO: CHURCH END & WATER ROW 4.9 The focus here is obviously the church around which this small rural settlement appears to have clustered. Whilst there are terraced properties in this area, development is less dense than the old town, with more evidence of Burgage plots or tofts.

AREA THREE: WISTOWGATE & BROAD LANE 4.10 This is a far more linear grouping of properties extending away from the moated Keesbury (also occasionally referred to as Kensbury – it is thought that Keesbury is the original, but throughout this document both are used). Again a loose collection of dwellings generally far more modern than those found at Church End and the old town. IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AREA ONE: OLD TOWN ·Compton Court ·Cawood bridge, watchtower and Bridgekeeper’s house ·Ferry Inn, a 17th Century building that has Top: The Market Place been a public house for over 400 years Middle: All Saints Church ·The Vicarage in Rythergate is a Victorian Bottom: Wistowgate house set in large walled grounds INTRODUCTION TO CAWOOD

·42 Sherburn Street features an unusual lead porch ·Mill House is a Listed former soke mill that features blind windows, and still retains several machines.

AREA TWO: CHURCH END & WATER ROW ·Yew tree House is embellished with Dutch gable at a later date, and features an unusual two storey porch. ·Ousebank House, Church End, built in 1735 also features a decorative gable ·12th Century All Saints Church ·Goolebank Farm is an 18th Century Listed building that features a diverse range of architectural styles ·Alms Houses, Church End. Built by the James Waterhouse Smith Charity in 1839. Originally six or eight dwellings, now converted to four. ·Old Girls’ School in Water Row is a white stucco rendered building, now a private dwelling.

AREA THREE: WISTOWGATE & BROAD LANE ·2 Thorpe Lane is Listed and forms part of the Castle complex ·The Grange, Wistowgate is a Listed 17th Century dwelling that features a two-storey porch and interesting batten and studded front door with hand-wrought iron strap hinges. Later additions include a pigeon cote, now converted to a private house ·Wistowgate House is a dark red brick building that was formerly Dr Lambert’s house and surgery. ·5 Wistowgate is Listed and features unusual small windows and an attractive stone porch.

4.11 The narrow roads mean that the streets are relatively free of parked cars. In order to continue this important visual aspect, the maximum parking standards should be applied to ensure that the streets remain free of cars.

Top: The Bridgekeeper’s House Middle: Unusual Dutch Gable Bottom: Number 5, Wistowgate INTRODUCTION TO CAWOOD

IMPORTANT VIEWS

4.11 There are several views in and around Cawood that are “unmistakably Cawood”. These are listed below:

·The Castle and the area surrounding the Garth hint at the rich past and importance of Cawood. ·Water Row is a row of houses with completely different sizes, styles of frontage etc. but they come together to make an eclectic architectural statement in a sweeping arc where they follow the bend of the river. ·Sections of Church End close to All Saints Church are green and leafy and provide several views of the church, framed by Top: The Castle and the area surrounding the trees. Garth hint at the rich past and importance ·The view of Cawood as you approach from of Cawood York and then the Bridge ·The View from the village towards the Bottom: Cawood Bridge and the church, incorporating the bridge and the river at high water river, particularly at high water ·Around Gill Green is a pleasant, open, leafy road with attractive houses. A BRIEF HISTORY OF CAWOOD

earthworks, and the remains of a rare A BRIEF HISTORY mediaeval garden and orchard. It may also have been used for industrial purposes OF CAWOOD connected with the castle, including brick and pottery making, and a blacksmith’s 5.1 References to Cawood begin with King workshop. It is bordered on the west by the Athelstan in 937 when he granted the castle medieval canal the Bishopdyke, used for to Archbishop Whulstan. By 963 King Edgar many years (perhaps from Roman times) to had granted the Sherburn Estate, which transport building stone from Sherburn to the included Cawood to the Archbishop of York. River Ouse. The site enjoys “Scheduled The estate seems to have extended from the Monument” status. Ouse/Wharfe in the north to the Aire in the south, with the Castleford to Tadcaster Roman road forming the western boundary. The “grant” to the Archbishopric does not seem to have taken in all of Cawood, as the “de Cawood” family almost certainly resided in the moated hall known as Kensbury. This division in tenure set in place a pattern of development which would see the village grow around three centres rather than the typical pattern of a single growth point.

5.2 The castle occupied by the Archbishop of York inevitably meant that the main focus of development would be this seat of 5.5 Towards the castle along the eastern ecclesiastical power. The palace was a side of the Garth can be seen the remains of building of royal significance: records show a mediaeval garden, one of only a few that English kings who visited Cawood remaining in the country today, crossed by a include King John in the 13th century, Henry central raised walkway and originally III, Edward I, and Edward II all stayed. enclosed by a moat. This was flanked by Around the castle, the grounds extended orchards, which were partly ornamental in towards the river, the estate exploited tolls function. over the river and rents from the various wharfs along its southern bank. 5.6 Keesbury Hall (or Keesbury Manor as it is also known) further to the east of the 5.3 The Cawood Castle Garth is the remains castle would be the second focus of activity. of a large mediaeval enclosure situated to The centre for this would have been the south of the castle, which originally Keesbury Hall itself, a moated hall, possibly extended far beyond its present size. It extending to Gill Green as well as the linear extends to some 4.6 hectares in the centre of group of properties extending east along the village and is rare, uncultivated meadow Wistowgate. This smaller settlement was in the agricultural Vale of York, forming a probably originally one sided with properties green centre to the village. The site is formed along the north side of the road, each designated as a Site of Importance for having its own “toft” extending towards what Nature Conservation (SINC) as it is home to appears originally to have been a Oxfield the rare Great Crested Newt and Star of Lane. Bethlehem plant. The community bought the Garth in 1986 to safeguard its history for the 5.7 The third and smallest centre was future. Church End based around All Saints Church. Whilst the church has been altered during its 5.4 ‘The Garth’, which means, “garden” in history, it has elements dating from the late Saxon, has two moats, five fishponds, twelfth century. A BRIEF HISTORY OF CAWOOD

5.8 Agriculture, the river trade and the continuing importance of the river crossing to York, together with the market would then be the main focus in Cawood for many years, but the Church’s influence faded as the Bishopthorpe Palace was completed. Major changes began in 1872 when the ferry was replaced by the present swing bridge. The railway was completed in 1898 and connected Cawood to Selby via Wistow, but it had a short life as passenger services ceased before the end of the 1920s, although agricultural freight services continued until final closure in 1964. In the mid 1920s the jetty was removed and river trading ceased.

5.9 Whilst agriculture still plays a large part Top: Looking across Cawood Bridge towards in the life of this community this is more in the Bridgekeeper’s House and the Market terms of land use rather than local Place in the background employment. Like so many rural communities which are well placed in Bottom: Cawood Bridge and the relation to neighbouring towns and cities, river at low water Cawood is now predominantly a dormitory village providing an extremely pleasant living environment for the numbers of commuters. CHARACTER AREA 1

THE OLD TOWN AREA 1 : THE OLD TOWN

SUMMARY OF DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

6.1 The list below summarises the important elements that help to define the village. Successful development will utilise these points to blend seamlessly in to the existing built form.

AREA ONE: OLD TOWN Market Place and Sherburn Street ·Buildings all different sizes and scale ·Rear of many properties an array of outbuildings/stables/garages are found, featuring few architectural details ·Streets are made up of a continuous frontage of cottages and houses at the head of a long rectangular burgage plot ·Simple, modest cottages are two storey, facing front ·Opening directly on to the street ·Straight road with very narrow pavements ·Houses are all of different sizes and scales with eave and ridge height variation ·“Ribbon development” layout ·Dark brown/red rough faced, irregular, hand made brick ·Textures and colours vary a patchwork of finishes ·White rendering, though not traditional, is now common ·Shallow weatherproof band is found at the foot of the wall ·Steep roof pitches ·Red pan tile or occasional grey slate ·No overhang at the eaves ·More elaborate properties feature a narrow stone water table, occasionally made in brick ·Roof spaces are unused ·Tall, thin, white timber sash windows set back in their reveals ·Doors are often found in white or dark period colour ·Absence of timber work at eaves level such as barge boards ·Windows are small, timber with multiple panes ·Lintels are shallow brick arches

Ferry Inn and Threadgold Lane area ·Close proximity of buildings to one another ·Mediaeval layout with short narrow roads ·Buildings built directly onto the road, few pavements ·Short terraces of around three houses, each terrace changes in aspect and design ·A commonality of scale, massing, proportions, materials and details ·Buildings do not feature windows in the roof which maintains the two storey street scene ·Off road parking as the streets are too narrow to accommodate parked vehicles AREA 1 : THE OLD TOWN

FERRY INN AND THREADGOLD INTRODUCTION LANE AREA. 6.5 This is the area adjacent to the River 6.2 The old town area is the original Ouse, between the Cawood bridge and settlement built around the castle and the Rythergate. The dominant feature is the ecclesiastical seat of power associated with river and the associated flood wall. This is an the Archbishop of York. This area is area that would frequently flood before the clustered around the Market Place, formerly construction of the flood defences. a significant commercial centre of the village, including the crossroads between B1222 and 6.6 This area is now residential with the B1223. In this area there are a number of exception of the Ferry Inn. Views are limited properties that are former shops, some retain by the close proximity of buildings to one their shop fronts, others have been more another, and the flood defences screen the recently converted. There were also at least river. This area is characterised by almost three Public Houses, but only one is mediaeval layout with its short narrow currently open. Given that it was an roadway, and buildings built directly onto the important river trading place one can road with few pavements. The narrow understand the hustle and bustle but would twisting streets and yards encourage expect a much larger, more grand, perhaps exploration on foot as there are few obvious ‘civic’ marketplace. routes and it is difficult to drive around.

6.3 The old town is broadly defined by The 6.7 Made up of short terraces of around Garth to the south east, River Ouse to the three houses, each terrace changes in north east, the vicarage to north west, and by aspect and design. Despite this change, a the mini roundabout at the end of Sherburn commonality of scale, massing, proportions, Street to the south. This is probably the materials and details creates a delightful, heart of Cawood today, and in terms of street enclosed and tight-knit street layout. network, spaces etc remains very largely intact. 6.8 Some of the larger more decorative merchants’ houses have two thin timber 6.4 This character area can be divided in to gabled roof dormer windows on the front sub areas where subtle variation and pitch, but these are few. Other buildings do geographic location give slight differences to not feature windows in the roof which the overall old character. maintains the two storey street scene. AREA 1 : THE OLD TOWN

6.9 There is limited off road parking in MARKET PLACE AND SHERBURN communal yards as the streets are too STREET narrow to accommodate parked vehicles. 6.12 Market Place is compact and currently This style of development adds greatly to the forms a small car park, barely wider than a sense of enclosure and variety as each was modern roadway. Buildings all different built to serve one or two properties with little sizes and scale with ex-commercial use. regard for the neighbouring plots. The ages of the properties vary considerably and include a former mill, a bank, the Cawood branch of a general store operated by a company still trading in Selby, and numerous smaller shops which provided a full range of services to the village in past times. Today there remains the village store/ Post Office on the cross roads. The former Anchor pub occupies a prime position in the small square and has very interesting green glazed tiles to the front.

6.10 The Ferry Inn is a significant building in the village built in the late 16th or early 17th century . It is an old hostelry that is famous for the board that details the menu of the Great Feast that occurred in 1466 and has a collection of artefacts dug up on the site during refurbishment in the 1960s. Previous page: old photo of Market Place Top left: Narrow streets Above: Sherburn Street Below: Market Place Below left: Old Ferry Inn

6.11 On the corner by the bridge can be found the Bridgekeeper’s House, a Tudor style timber frame building that has settled over the years and now sports several extreme angles in the walls. Nearby, the Old Boys’ School is a Victorian building now used as a community centre. AREA 1 : THE OLD TOWN

6.13 To the rear of many properties here can buildings occur, although these remain be found an array of outbuildings/stables/ relatively narrow. garages that have been added slowly as the need arises. They feature few architectural 6.17 The traditional material used in details, mainly simple walls, unadorned construction is a dark brown/red rough openings and pitched roof. faced, irregular, hand made brick. Textures and colours vary a patchwork of finishes, 6.14 Streets are made up of a continuous while white rendering, though not traditional, frontage of cottages and houses at the head is now common. A shallow weatherproof of a long rectangular Burgage plot from band is usually found at the foot of the wall which small businesses and industries would to protect from gradual vehicular splash operate. The simple, modest cottages damage due to the narrow roadway. This is themselves are two storey houses opening also a localised feature of Cawood. directly on to the street, facing each other on a straight road with very narrow pavements.

6.18 The steep roof pitches are covered in red pan tile or the occasional grey slate with no overhang at the eaves. The roofs of more elaborate properties feature a narrow stone 6.15 The houses are all of different sizes and water table, and occasionally these are scales with eave and ridge height variation made in brick which is peculiar to Cawood. giving a very “busy” looking street scene. It Roof spaces are generally unused, but is clear that the street grew along the main where they are used, the most successful roads as the town grew, resulting in a conversions put roof windows on the rear so “ribbon development” layout. as not to upset the simple front elevation.

6.16 Buildings become smaller and more Top left: Colourful Market Place regularly sized and designed away from the Top right: Typical brick marketplace while the road becomes Middle right: Typical roof covering straighter and more openings between Bottom: Intricate roofscape AREA 1 : THE OLD TOWN

6.19 Tall, thin, white timber sash windows set back in their reveals are the most appropriate window design. Other timber detail such as doors are often found in white but a palette of dark period colours can be found that inject some life into the otherwise muted street scene. Given the historic nature of this areas, uPVC windows can erode the character and should be avoided.

6.20 Notable buildings in Sherburn Street include a pair of Victorian villas and the Methodist Church (1830–2006), the Ballroom and the Gas Works built in 1833, and The Old Forge. Towards the end of Sherburn Street is the village pump and a footbridge leading onto The Castle Garth. There is also a pedestrian footpath known as The Golin cutting through to Chestnut Lane (still referred to locally by its former name “Back Lane”). Chestnut Lane forms the rear of the Burgage plots and is very narrow, often used as an alternative route to Sherburn Street.

Top: traditional timber sliding sash windows with multiple panes of glass Bottom: Ryuthergate looking north out of the village AREA 1 : THE OLD TOWN

Top: Bishopdyke Road

Bottom: A variety of buildings in Rythergate area that maintain the traditional character

BISHOPDYKE ROAD buildings including an abattoir and farm 6.21 Bishopdyke Road is a continuance of buildings, and a larger property Compton Sherburn Street from the mini roundabout, Court which was formerly a hotel. demonstrating a marked change in the style and layout of buildings. There is a large 6.25 Other properties include two further Grade II Listed two storey traditional brick & terraced developments, the vicarage and tile farmhouse at the junction with Chestnut more modern houses. Running off Road. Opposite is a cul-de-sac of more Rythergate is North terrace and some more modern detached houses known as Sylvan modern development including Riverside Close built on the site of the former Railway Court and Anson Grove. Because of the Station. large variation in design and construction of the properties it is not possible to classify 6.22 Bishopdyke road also has wide grass these specifically as a character area, so any verges which is unusual for the village. extensions to existing properties and new Further to the West on the very edge of the development should be of similar design and village is a row of terraced brick & pan tile materials to the host. houses built in the last 15 years and finally 2 large detached houses that stand out due to their unusual proportions.

6.23 The properties on the northern side of Bishopdyke Road range from modern properties built on the site of the former Bay Horse public house. There is a large estate of 1950s Council built semi-detached houses forming the outer section of the village, all brick built with pan tiled roofs, and set in large plots. Some of these properties have been sympathetically extended and developments such as garages and conservatories have been included. There are also a small number of bungalows built with the same brick & pan tiles.

RYTHERGATE/RYTHER ROAD 6.24 Rythergate leads north away from the crossroads to the end of the village and here there is a wide range of properties built over many years including a small terrace row, a 1950’s farmhouse, former commercial CHARACTER AREA 2

CHURCH END & WATER ROW AREA 2 : CHURCH END & WATER ROW

SUMMARY OF DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

7.1 The list below summarises the important elements that help to define the village. Successful development will utilise these points to blend seamlessly in to the existing built form.

AREA TWO: CHURCH END & WATER ROW Church End ·Narrow land leading to the Ings ·Limited formal footpaths by the road ·Flood bank path to the church from the old pinfold ·Road is flanked by dense mature hedges, trees and other vegetation. ·Short terraces and semi-detached houses with small gaps in the frontage ·Gaps grow wider further out as larger buildings are set in larger plots ·Majority two storey dwellings vary in styles and materials ·Elevations are square or are wider than they are tall, but are seldom symmetrical ·No two buildings are alike ·Old hand clamped bricks ·Brick string course between ground and first floor ·Squat chimneys built at the gable ends ·White timber window with multiple panes ·Brick and stone header and cill details ·Steeply pitched roofs made in pan tiles or dark grey slate

Water Row ·Terrace of small two storey cottages and double fronted Georgian villas ·Gabled roofs and front facing eaves ·Pan tile or grey slate roofs ·Double chimneys ·Pitched porches ·Flat or arched brick headers above Georgian style small windows and doors ·Distinctive front steps and a strip of cobbles ·Hand made bricks, some cream render AREA 2 : CHURCH END & WATER ROW

INTRODUCTION

7.2 Church End, to the east of the village, is focussed on the narrow land leading to the Ings, with limited formal footpaths by the road. The flood bank provides a path to the church from the old pinfold, at the end of Water Row. Much of the road is flanked by dense mature hedges, trees and other vegetation. From the church, the footpath separates from the road, following its historical route along the high water flood level, through the front gardens of all the properties to Goole Bank.

7.3 Originally a series of small farms with a large orchard to the rear, Church End is dominated by All Saints Church. The street is made up of short terraces and semi- detached houses with small gaps in the frontage, but these gaps grow wider further out where larger, grander buildings are set in larger plots to give a regular pattern of buildings and spaces that is proportionate to the mass of the buildings.

7.4 The majority of the two storey dwellings can be found on the south/east of Church End, these properties vary in styles and materials. Elevations are square or horizontally emphasised so that they are wider than they are tall, but are seldom symmetrical. Crucially, no two buildings are alike.

7.5 Houses are made from hand clamped bricks, with a brick string course between ground and first floor. Roof interest is generated by a range of squat chimneys built at the gable ends. Traditional features found elsewhere in the village include white timber window with multiple panes, various brick and stone header and cill details, and steeply pitched roofs made in pan tiles or dark grey slate.

7.6 Many properties have been extended sideways over time and so some chimneys appear to be sited inboard of the end wall – another feature peculiar to Church End area. This is because of the layout allowing sideways extensions, whereas other areas AREA 2 : CHURCH END & WATER ROW

WATER ROW 7.7 Water Row is a terrace that overlooks the 7.11 The only property to the East of Water River Ouse, and is one of the most Row is the detached renovated Pinfold picturesque parts of the village. The front Cottage bordering the ancient Pinfold now gardens feature footpaths that lead to the altered by the removal of some of its walls water’s edge, itself fronted by the brick flood and the erection of garages. Opposite is defence wall. Access to the front of these Oxfield Lane which leads to the rear of the properties is only available to pedestrians via Burgage plots and the houses that front a flagged pathway. Wistowgate. sideways extensions, whereas other areas have had to extend rearward. 7.8 Here small two storey cottages in a Various houses along the street have large terrace of three houses mix with double rear gardens with gravel driveways, and fronted Georgian villas. All feature with garages are found to the side or rear of the gabled roofs and front facing eaves, covered houses. in pan tile or grey slate roofs and double chimneys. Pitched porches, and flat brick or 7.12 Church End is also the location of the arched brick headers are found above James Waterhouse Smith charity Alms Georgian style small windows and doors. Houses. These comprise a unique, single Houses are elevated above the flood water storey early 19th century brick and slate level and so they feature distinctive front terrace of cottages with a central steps and a strip of cobbles between passageway that provides accommodation footpath and house. for residents of Cawood and Wistow aged over 60. Originally six dwellings, they have 7.9 The majority of the cottages are been remodelled into four to accommodate constructed of hand made bricks, although modern needs. some feature cream render. Most houses have a small area of garden immediately in front of the property and some have access to a riverside garden. Walled rear gardens exit onto Thorpe Lane.

7.10 Several of the properties here are Listed, and there are numerous conversions of commercial properties to residential use Previous page and this page: various images including the Old Girls’ School and the flax from around Church End & Water Row mill. CHARACTER AREA 3

WISTOWGATE & BROAD LANE AREA 3 : WISTOWGATE & BROAD LANE

SUMMARY OF DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

8.1 The list below summarises the important elements that help to define the village. Successful development will utilise these points to blend seamlessly in to the existing built form.

AREA THREE: WISTOWGATE & BROAD LANE ·Short terraces of larger houses and individually designed ‘villa’ properties ·Large, squarer burgage plots ·Ribbon development style ·Georgian influences ·No two houses are alike ·Building line varies: some set back, some open directly on to the street. ·Front garden length varies but is never more that a couple of metres, defined by a low wall and hedges ·The ratio of building-to-gaps is regular ·Around half the buildings’ eaves face the road while the other half are turned 90% so the gable wall faces the road ·Gable walls that face the street feature secondary windows ·Plots are long and thin with access to the rear ·Brick and pan tile construction ·Water tables and exaggerated kneeler stones are found ·Tall, brick chimneys with a single protruding brick band around the top, capped with two tall clay pots are built from the gable walls ·Neat, symmetrical, well-proportioned elevations with a horizontal emphasis ·Some slight variation in eaves and ridge heights ·Seldom a gap between the window header and the eaves ·Eaves do not overhang AREA 3 : WISTOWGATE & BROAD LANE

INTRODUCTION

8.2 As one would expect, the passage of time has resulted in some blurring of the boundaries between the original three centres of Cawood, and therefore it is obvious that this area has adopted several design themes of its neighbouring character areas. However there is sufficient difference to justify a character area of its own, as set out below.

8.3 Made up of short terraces of larger houses than can be found in the old town, the area quickly gives way to larger, more individually designed ‘villa’ properties set in larger, more square plots.

8.4 Wistowgate has evolved in ribbon development style along the main road as individual buildings sprang up one at a time. There are similar Georgian influences, but no two houses are actually alike. The building line varies as some are set back and some open directly on to the street. The length of front gardens varies but is never more that a couple of metres, and is defined by a low wall and hedges. There is an obvious street frontage made by the buildings and the boundary treatment, and the ratio of building-to-gaps is regular.

8.5 Housing dating from the 18th Century lines both sides of the road, around half facing the highway while the other half are turned 90% to face the garden. Where gable walls face the street they feature secondary windows so there is never a blank faÇade. Many houses are set in long narrow Burgage plots that extend to Oxfield lane and the open countryside behind. There is no need for on street parking as plots are long and thin, but wider than the host dwelling so as to ease access to the rear where outbuildings and garages are common. These are subservient in design and size to the host dwelling and of simple unadorned design.

8.6 Houses are predominantly made in brick Various views from Wistowgate and pan tile, while red pan tiles and some occasional grey slate are found on roofs with a range of interesting features including AREA 3 : WISTOWGATE & BROAD LANE

water tables and exaggerated kneeler stones. Tall, brick chimneys with a single protruding brick band around the top, capped with two tall clay pots are built from the gable walls.

8.7 Houses feature neat, symmetrical, well- proportioned elevations with a horizontal emphasis – elevations are wider than they are tall. There is some small variation in eaves and ridge heights which adds to the sense of individuality, but the variation is only slight.

8.8 Unusually for designs such as these, there is seldom a gap between the window header and the eaves, and few decorative string course, timber work or dentil course. Coupled with eaves that do not overhang, this gives a relatively plain appearance around the gutter area. With darkly coloured half round gutter and down pipe appears to be the traditional design.

Typical window, roof, chimney and materials details in Wistowgate AREA 3 : WISTOWGATE & BROAD LANE

Gill Green/Broad Lane 8.9 Gill Green is a small area of grassland adjacent to the south east corner of the Garth. A fine avenue of Chestnut trees border the roadside in Broad Lane, planted in the 1930’s to commemorate two Royal celebrations.

8.10 Broad Lane features a wide road with broad, green verges. The main features are Gill Green itself (a continuation of the Castle Garth) and the primary school. Housing on both sides of the road are all detached houses and bungalows of varying designs from the twentieth Century. Buildings all face the road and are brick built with slate roof and feature large gardens.

8.11 Opposite Gill Green on Broad Lane is the site of the manor house belonging to the de Cawood family. The enclosure is a Scheduled Monument, but only a few earthworks remain today. The de Cawood family were important Lords of the Manor in medieval times. John de Cawood was printer to Queen Elizabeth 1.

8.12 Three cul-de-sacs of modern properties run off Broad Lane: Great Close built in the 1960s and two more recently built: Wolsey Grange and Keesbury Court.

8.13 On the south side of Wistowgate is an entrance to a modern development called Maypole Gardens. This also provides access to the playing fields and sports clubs. A further narrow opening off Wistowgate called Nickey Nackey Lane features a few houses. Occasional infill housing from the 1930s and onwards breaks the strong character of Wistowgate with semi-detached houses and bungalows set behind a front garden.

8.14 A large, impressive Grade II listed manor house known as The Grange is found at the mini roundabout. The Grange is a fine example of brick built dwelling with a pan tile roof set on stone foundations, possibly recycled from Cawood castle. The Grange Typical scenes from Gill Green possibly dates from the mid 17th century. and Broad Lane area APPENDIX A: WHAT IS A VILLAGE DESIGN STATEMENT AND HOW DO I USE IT?

Appendix A: What is a Village Design Statement and how do I use it? A1 This Village Design Statement (VDS) is intended to give advice and guidance to anyone who is considering any form of development in the village no matter how large or small. It covers simple works such as replacing doors and windows as well as more significant works such as extensions and new buildings. It is not only concerned with housing, but covers all types of development with the intention of improving the quality of design in new development.

A2 It is not about whether development should take place, instead, the VDS is intended to expand upon the policies in the Adopted Selby District Local Plan in order to explain it and give greater detail as to what is meant by the Policies within it. This helps developers and Planning Officers agree on some details that are not specifically set out in the policy itself: in this case the VDS sets out how development should be undertaken so as to respect the local identity.

A3 The VDS is a “Supplementary Planning Document” (SPD) which is a legal document that sits in a hierarchy of plans and strategies called the Local Development Framework (LDF).

A4 The different types of document in the LDF cover topical issues as well as area-based issues, and contain policies for making planning decisions. This is a relatively new system that replaces the old Local Plan system, however this is a period of transition and so the 2005 Selby District Local Plan has been “saved” as a ‘Local Development Document’ until such time that newer documents can replace it.

A5 This Village Design Statement SPD is therefore based on Policy ENV1 of the Saved Selby District Local Plan 2005, which states: “ENV1: Proposals for development will be permitted provided a good quality of development would be achieved. In considering proposals the District Council will take account of: the effect upon the character of the area or the amenity of adjoining neighbours the relationship of the proposal to the highway network, the proposed means of access, the need for road/junction improvements in the vicinity of the site, and the arrangements to be made for car parking; the capacity of local services and infrastructure to serve the proposal, or the arrangements to be made for upgrading, or providing services and infrastructure; the standard of layout, design and materials in relation to the site and its surroundings and associated landscaping; the potential loss, or adverse effect upon, significant buildings, related spaces, trees, wildlife habitats, archaeological or other features important to the character of the area; the extent to which the needs of disabled and other inconvenienced persons have been taken into account; the need to maximise opportunities for energy conservation through design, orientation and construction; and any other material consideration” APPENDIX A: WHAT IS A VILLAGE DESIGN STATEMENT AND HOW DO I USE IT?

The diagram shows the hierarchy of plans.

National Policy (PPS/PPG)

Informs Strategic Regional thinking

The Local Development Framework Local The Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS)

Informs

Council Planning Policies (inc Selby Local Development Documents (LDD) Local Plan 2005)

Explains

Advice and guidance Supplementary Planning Documents (including VDS) to explain Policies

A6 When preparing development proposals, the developer should refer to this VDS in a “Design and Access Statement” to demonstrate how its advice and guidance has been used. This will help people understand how a particular design for the development has come about. Where a site lies on or near the “border” of two or more character areas, the advice of each should be taken in to consideration and used appropriately.

A7 If planning permission is required, the District Council’s Planning Officer will also use the VDS to assess the design of the application. If it cannot be demonstrated that the advice has been used, or it is considered that it has not been used correctly, it could result in the refusal of planning permission.

A8 Even if planning permission is not required, it is still very much in the interests of the village to undertake any development work in sympathy to the village’s character. It will increase the appeal and the value of the development and ensure that the aesthetic qualities of the village continue for future generations to enjoy. APPENDIX B: GENERAL ADVICE FOR PROSPECTIVE DEVELOPERS Appendix B: General advice for prospective Council would also welcome early discussion developers and to help wherever they can.

B1 This section considers more than just the B8 Discussion with neighbours before applying aesthetic issues and offers advice and for planning permission will give them an guidance for prospective developers in opportunity to discuss any concerns, and that achieving a suitable development proposal. may avoid unnecessary neighbour disputes.

General good design B9 Some development does not need planning B2 There are lots of conflicting issues in permission, but the need for good design considering new development, but whatever remains. Understanding of the local character the compromise, the village character should and applying it may increase the value of a always be maintained. development and ensure that the important local character remains. B3 The character described in the VDS does not restrict new designs or materials or insist Repairs and maintenance of buildings that everything is designed to “look old”. B10 Many buildings in the villages are old, Instead, it is the job of the developer to design having been built long before building and build a modern building that satisfies regulations came in to effect, before plastics modern needs, exploits new technology and were invented, and before cars began building methods, and uses them to create a damaging structures through impact, chemical desirable, profitable development that works attack via exhaust gases, and water damage with its environment to seamlessly integrate from splashing through puddles. The need to with the local area. Modern, but appropriate maintain and repair our older buildings is never development is encouraged. more apparent, but it is essential that the correct materials and methods are used to B4 It is helpful to consider the visual impact of maintain character, but also to ensure that the developments from all angles and from longer building continues to live. distance. Accurate perspective (isometric) drawings or street scene views to show how B11 Bricks and stone may be bonded together new developments would appear in relation to using a mortar, but up until the Great War, most their neighbouring properties and in the wider buildings used a lime mortar mix rather than a street scene could be very useful. sand-and-cement mortar used today. Cement mortar is extremely hard and does not flex B5 There is an emphasis on evolution not which can lead to cracks appearing, particularly revolution in the village, and so multiple smaller where foundations are shallow or soft. The developments will have less impact than a rain cannot penetrate cement easily and so it is single large-scale development. This approach found that the bricks and stone wear out faster reflects the way the village has grown in the than the mortar joints leaving the mortar past. exposed. This accelerates wear and buildings will become damp, unstable and B6 Examples of inappropriate designs, ultimately collapse. A lime mortar is no more materials and layouts within the village should expensive and no more difficult to use than not be used as a precedent for further cement, but it is the better choice for many inappropriate use of these features. buildings in the district. Where stone is used, a sand and cement mortar should never be The Planning Process used. B7 Anyone considering development should contact the District Council for planning advice B12 When installing modern features on a before submitting an application. This will traditional building such as satellite receiver help to iron out potential issues and lead to a dishes, conservatories, replacement guttering smoother planning process. The Parish and fascias etc, new windows and doors, and APPENDIX B: GENERAL ADVICE FOR PROSPECTIVE DEVELOPERS damp proofing can all seriously affect the heating and better insulation may be just as integrity of both the appearance and the way effective by reducing consumption instead of traditional buildings function. Modern generating more power. materials are often cheaper to buy, but may have a shorter operational life, and also lack B17 In order to reduce carbon emission, it is the physical qualities that are needed in not only the ongoing costs that should be traditional buildings. However advice is considered, as methods in construction may available from HELM (English Heritage’s also limit environmental impact. Timber, Historic Environment Local Management arm) stone, slate and labour from local sources will who offer a wealth of information to help make reduce the amount of travelling required overall an informed choice about materials and thus cutting emissions and maintaining local methods of repair to older buildings. See employment. More information about www.helm.org.uk. sustainable construction can be seen at www.bre.co.uk. Highway and parking advice B13 Safety is paramount, but modern The natural environment standardised road designs do not always sit B18 Any new development on the edge of the comfortably within historic areas. When village should conserve or enhance the soft designing road layouts it is important that a landscaped edge by the provision of balance is achieved to allow safe access appropriate tree and hedgerow planting. Hard without detriment to the local character. This edges of walls, fences or other structures means that a bespoke design will be needed. should be avoided. Selby District Council has a landscape Character Assessment that will B14 Historic areas were never designed for the assist in understanding the landscape around private car and so these environments are the villages. spoiled by inappropriate and ill considered parking arrangements. Rural villages often B19 Hedges and trees within the village are an feature heavy machinery such as combine essential part of the character. These should harvesters and on-street parking is therefore be conserved and reinforced through new problematic. Bespoke solutions will be planting in any new development whether small required to minimise highway disruption and to or large. maintain local character and amenity. B20 Even small areas of hard landscaping can B15 New accesses should be designed to lead to a sharp decline in local wildlife with the minimise the loss of boundary vegetation and removal of nesting, breeding or feeding achieve an appropriate balance between habitats. This has a drastic effect on our highway safety and amenity. natural ecosystems and so hard landscaping and removal of vegetation is strongly Energy conservation and sustainable discouraged. development B16 New development can play its part in B21 Many plant and animal species that have reducing the risk and impact of climate change. declined in the wider landscape in recent years Installing modern environmental systems in an are increasingly dependent on the attractive setting can have a serious opportunities provided to them through the built detrimental impact on the character of the environment, such as putting up bird and bat village. Therefore domestic wind turbines, boxes, making ponds, and planting native solar panels and photovoltaic cells should be trees, shrubs and wildflowers. Indirect actions carefully sited to reduce their visual impact. If such as using peat free or home-made they cannot be placed sympathetically to limit compost also benefit wildlife. Further their visual impact, then consideration of information can be found from the Natural alternatives should be made. Ground source England website: www.naturalengland.org.uk. APPENDIX B: GENERAL ADVICE FOR PROSPECTIVE DEVELOPERS Flooding overlooked, removing potential hiding places, B22 Much of the District lies in the severe flood and designing buildings that are not easily risk area, but it is not just those areas that are broken in to. susceptible to flooding. Flooding can include short term flash flooding after a heavy B26 “Secured by Design” is a publication by downpour which can cause localised damage. the Association of Chief Police Officers that There are two considerations when designing sets out these and other simple but effective out flood risk: a) the impact of flooding on a methods of reducing the opportunities for development, and b) the impact of the crime. Schemes that meet the criteria set out development on flooding. The following advice are eligible for awards, and may attract lower is generic, but does not imply that all areas are insurance premiums. A copy may be at risk of severe flooding. Detailed advice obtained here: about how to cope with flood risk - including ACPO CPI maps showing those areas most at risk - can First floor, be found on the Environment Agency’s website 10 Victoria Street, www.environment-agency.gov.uk. London SW1H 0NN B23 To reduce the impact of flooding on a Phone: 0207 084 8962 development, consider the plot in relation to Email: [email protected] slopes, water courses and known flood risk areas. If a flood is likely or possible, how B27 In addition, North Yorkshire Police would the water affect the development? Community Safety Partnership have specialist Building on stilts and raising the ground floor Officers who would be pleased to help prepare level of the building may not be the answer, as development proposals. They may be the dry occupants would still be trapped contacted on 01757 341 029. because they would still be surrounded by water.

B24 Water storage capacity is particularly important; hard landscaped areas such as paved parking areas and driveways should be avoided, instead a permeable surface such as gravel is able to absorb water much more easily and hold it, prevent it escaping and building up elsewhere. It will also slow any flowing water down, and this will reduce the risk of impact damage. Collecting water from the down pipe in a butt may also assist in reducing the amount of water that the ground has to cope with. Trees and large vegetation help to bind soil together to prevent land collapse, so in areas where there are no trees, consider planting some to make sure the land can take the weight of water it holds.

Crime prevention B25 Selby is generally a low crime area, but there are simple steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of crime further still in new development. For example, clear definition between public and private spaces, siting buildings to prevent areas that are not NOTES Selby District Council Development Policy Civic Centre Portholme Road SELBY YO8 4SB