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Cawood Conservation Area Appraisal May 2021

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Cawood Conservation Area Appraisal May 2021 Cawood Conservation Area Appraisal May 2021 This consultation draft appraisal for Cawood conservation area supports the duty of Selby District Council to prepare proposals for the preservation and enhancement of conservation areas. For details of the methodology employed in assessing the conservation area and preparing the appraisal, see Chapter 7.0 of this document. 1.0 Overview of Cawood conservation area 1 Interactive conservation area map 4 2.0 Historical development 5 3.0 Architectural and built character 7 4.0 Landscape character 23 5.0 Views 31 6.0 Management risks, opportunities and recommendations 34 7.0 Technical terms, further information and methodology 39 1.0 Overview of Cawood conservation area 1.1 Purpose and use Cawood Swing Bridge, opened in 1872. The River Wharfe flows 1.0 Overview Conservation area appraisals help Selby District Council and local into the Ouse approximately 1.6 km to the northwest. communities to preserve the special character of conservation areas. 1.3 Conservation area boundary The boundary is complex as the conservation area covers a large • They do this by providing homeowners, developers, Council area incorporating the historic Town of Cawood (now classed officers and other interested parties with a framework against as a village), the River Ouse and the subsidiary settlements of which future development proposals in the conservation area Church End and Kensbury (also known locally as Keesbury). The can be assessed and determined. creation of character zones within this assessment will clarify • A Conservation Area Appraisal outlines the history of an area this complexity. This assessment recommends three areas for and explains what makes it special. It identifies the elements extension as shown on the interactive map: the School Playing that make up the character and special interest of the area, Field; Kensbury; and the former ferry landing on the north bank of and those that detract from it, and provides recommendations the River Ouse (see Section 6 for details). for the area’s management. This may include changes to its boundaries, where appropriate. 1.4 Designation history • In doing so, appraisals support the District Council’s legal The Cawood Conservation Area was designated in 1976 and duty (under section 71 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and assessed in 1995. At that time, it appears that the conservation Conservation Areas) Act 1990) to prepare proposals for the area was more extensive than present, with the site of Kensbury preservation and enhancement of conservation areas and to included. At some point after 1995, the Kensbury portion consult the public about those proposals. was excluded and partially developed. The 1995 appraisal recommended that the area called School Playing Fields was 1.2 Location and context included in the conservation area. Cawood is situated on the south bank of the River Ouse approximately 8 km from Selby on the B1223 and 16 km south of York on the B1222. Cawood is at the crossroads of both these roads. The B1222 crosses the River Ouse over the Grade II listed Cawood Conservation Area Appraisal 1 May 2021 CONSULTATION DRAFT 1.5 Topography and geology 1.6 Summary of special interest The majority of Cawood lies in the Environment Agencies Flood Cawood is a complex settlement as indicated by the five character Zone 3 and has benefited from flood defence work that ensures zones identified in this assessment. The surviving elements of major flood events are controlled. The majority of the historic core the planned medieval town and the site of the former Cawood 1.0 Overview except Church End lie in Flood zone 2 suggesting that for much of Castle and Garth lie at the heart. The former burgage plots and the historic period Cawood may have resisted major flood events. narrow tenements (medieval land holdings, sometimes earlier) The settlement lies mostly in Landscape Unit 23, Levels Farmland on Sherburn Road are particularly characterful with a good but borders Landscape Unit 24, River Flood plain (North Yorkshire survival of former shop fronts, part of residential conversions and County Council). The drift geology comprises heavy glacially a sense of enclosure characteristic of urban landscapes. The derived clays and lighter alluvial deposits. The historic landscape Castle Garth and remains of Cawood ‘Castle’ are a unique centre character setting is defined by late twentieth-century industrial piece as is the largely Georgian development of Water Row. The farming units within which has been a significant boundary loss urban character of Sherburn Street/Market Place and High Street relating to eighteenth or nineteenth-century enclosure of former contrast with the more rural character of Wistowgate and Church open fields. The survival of historic boundaries that relate to End. Long scenic views from the north illustrate Cawood’s unique former strip fields and toft and crofts within the settlement and to location on the south bank of the River Ouse and its reliance the west is therefore significant. on the river, still a strong influence today as the Environment Agencies flood defences illustrate. Cawood Conservation Area Appraisal 2 May 2021 CONSULTATION DRAFT Interactive conservation area map Navigating this electronic document The interactive map on the following page contains series of This pdf contains features to assist navigation: layers, each displaying a different piece of information. For 1.0 Overview example, listed buildings, historic Ordnance Survey maps, the Click the contents page to reach individual sections, or use conservation area boundary, etc. the 'bookmarks panel'. These layers can be hidden and revealed in any combination Follow hyperlinks - identified byblue text – to online resources by using the 'Layers panel', which is displayed by clicking the and documents or other parts of the report. 'Layers' button on the left-hand side of the screen. On the Use buttons at the bottom of each page to: panel, click the small boxes alongside the layer names to hide or reveal them. – return to the contents page Note: interactive maps do not currently work on some pdf – access the layered map readers, or on the version of Adobe Reader which is used on many mobile devices such as iPads and mobile phones. – return to the previous page Cawood Conservation Area Appraisal 3 May 2021 CONSULTATION DRAFT N Cawood Conservation Area Townscape view Contextual view Land to the south of Historic feature Setting view Northingdales Fish ponds Historic site Landmark Historic boundary Grade I listed building Historic route Grade II* listed building 1 Precinct wall Grade II listed building 2 Abbot's Dyke Scheduled monument 11 3 Canal Enhancement opportunities 4 North eastern Railway branch line Exceptions to defined character 1 4 Tree Protection Order 2 Former Vicarage 3 Site of Importance for Former Vicarage Former Vicarage Nature Conservation garden 03 garden 01 5 Church End Farm1 Strong contribution FormerThe Vicarage Ferry Inn 3 4 Some contribution 6 All Saints Church Yard 1 Site of post medieval jetty FormerVicarage gardenFormer9 Bridge 02 Vicarage Toll House GardenCharacter of zone 3: 2 Site of Cawood Hall No/negligible contribution garden 04 7 5 Church End rememberance 3 Site of historic ferry crossing Cawood Conservation Area boundary 1 Character zone 5: Church End Farm Riverside and 4 Site of historic ferry crossing Proposed extension to conservation area 7 Riverside6 and River Ouse CardinalsRiver Court Ouse Church End Orchard 5 Site of medieval wharves (staith's) Character zones 10 Character2 zone 4: 9 Rear of Church End 6 Site of post medieval jetty Character8 zone 1: Water End 14 Former 13 7 Site of Archbishop of York's Palace Old Town 12 timber yard Field to the north 15 8 Site of Kensbury Hall Former timber yard east of Oxeld Lane 9 Cawood Station 1 Church End Cawood Castle and Castle Garth 2 Water End 3 Toft and Crofts 1 3 King Street Character zone 2: 4 14 Kensbury Old Ferry Road 9 School playing 5 Old Boys School Lane eld 16 6 Thread Gold Lane 2 4 8 7 High Street Kensbury 8 Sherburn Street School moated site 9 Back Lane Toft and crofts 2 10 Fostergate Lane 11 Rythergate 12 Thorpe lane Historic core 17 13 Unnamed Lane Early nineteenth century 14 Broad Lane Mid nineteenth century 15 Oxfield Lane Late nineteenth century 16 Wistow Gate Early twentieth century 16 Nickey Nackey Lane Mid twentieth century ‘Data taken from GIS les from National Heritage List for England (see Section 7.2 for more details). This does not provide information on the extent of the listed building or associated ‘curtilage’ buildings/structures to which listedThis drawing building incorporates consent might information apply. For from more the information Ordnance onSurvey individual which buildingsis © Crown please Copyright, consult supplied Selby District by Selby Council’. Council 2.0 Historical development Cawood is a village reputedly with its origins firmly in the tenth century when the settlement was granted to the monks of York Minster after the Battle of Brunnanburgh by the Wessex King, Æthelstan. The eleventh century Domesday Book makes no mention of Cawood. However, this does not imply it was not in existence. The Church of All saints is reputed to have Saxon foundations although there is little physical evidence of this. The 2.0 Historical development core of Cawood is a planned town associated with the economic and social aspirations of the Archbishops of York who were first recorded as having a residence in Cawood in 1181. A licence to crenelate this residence was given in 1271 when the residence appears to have been rebuilt. The Church presumably controlled most of the trade in the town until the reformation and at least one Abbey wharf is known, the site of which lies beyond the precinct wall as shown on the interactive map.
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