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What Makes Our 120Mm Tank Ammo the Best on the Battlefield?

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What Makes Our 120Mm Tank Ammo the Best on the Battlefield? What Makes Our 120mm Tank Ammo The Best on the Battlefield? by Master Sergeant Wakeland K. Kuamoo Since the mid-1980s, U.S. tankers have the M829A2 Depleted Uranium penetra- been firing 120mm ammunition from the tors prepared for assembly. People, not M1A1 and more recently the M1A2 machines on the production lines, put to- tanks. Many armor soldiers, Cavalry gether the new composite sabot pedals troopers, and Marines will tell you that that will be used during the assembly of their success on Tank Tables VIII (indi- the M829A2 projectile. A technician vidual crew qualification), XII (platoon showed us the M744 fuze’s electronic qualification), and numerous other live- components which is part of the M830A1 fire exercises is directly linked to high MPAT round. Ever see an M865 Sabot quality main gun ammunition. Still oth- or M831A1 Heat Target Practice Train- ers will tell you that their very lives and ing round assembled? Let me tell you survivability during the Gulf War de- that it is a remarkable process. pended on how well the ammunition At the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant performed. we observed the load, assemble, and But what makes our 120mm tank am- packout process (LAP). Here the sub- munition the best?” components are united to produce the Last year, several master gunners from complete round you see in the field. They assemble both training and service Ft. Knox had an opportunity to learn rounds at the Iowa plant. Once assem- first-hand how our 120mm tank ammu- bled, they are loaded into metal shipping nition is produced. At each site, we containers. A sample of the rounds from Somewhere during its assembly on the learned about the company’s overall production line, rigorous testing of the mission and toured the facility. At the each lot is shipped to a live-fire proving ground for testing, either at Aberdeen round by humans and specialized ma- end of each tour, we briefed the manage- Proving Grounds, Maryland, or Yuma, chines and instruments occurs. Devices ment, production, and support personnel. similar to X-ray machines look for We explained tank gunnery training in Arizona. Our prime contractors also have range test facilities; Alliant Tech- nearly invisible cracks in our aft caps. our units and the success achieved by systems has a range in Socorro, New Each round of 120mm ammunition is our tankers in Operation Desert Storm. Mexico, and Primex has a range test fa- physically put through a chamber gage Our intent was to tell these folks how we cility in Camden, Arkansas. The profes- test. This test simulates the loading of a use their products. sional personnel that work at these sites round into a main gun breach. Our visits took us to several different ensure the bullets we use are safe and If a component fails a critical test, an locations because so many firms manu- meet all strict Army and Marine Corps entire assembly line may be shut down facture the components for the Army’s requirements. These people are yet an- until the fault is analyzed and fully cor- tank rounds (See chart, next page). other key element in ensuring we have rected. Time was never the major factor top quality ammunition. As you can imagine, there is a lot of in these delays. This vast improvement work required to produce a main gun It was a great experience to be able to in ammunition production ensures that round. During our visits we saw much of view this work, which most other armor only top quality ammunition goes to the this work. We viewed component pro- soldiers and Marines may never have the field. The emphasis was always on the duction at the facility and how the pieces opportunity to see. Throughout all of our quality of the product. were put together. We observed a metal visits, no matter where we went, several At the conclusion of every visit, we felt forge that transformed a steel ingot into factors were very evident. a greater sense of confidence in our am- a case base assembly (the “aft cap”). We First, the management people at each munition. Certainly, much of this confi- saw primers assembled, to include the dence came from being able to actually nearly invisible bridge wire and benite site showed a genuine concern for their workers and were actively involved in see the amount of effort and dedication explosives, and the making of our com- the entire production process. put forth during the production cycles. bustible cartridge cases and the actual This confidence not only gave us per- explosive propellants that went into Secondly, all along the assembly lines, sonal satisfaction but, for the master these cases. It was fascinating to watch we could see various testing stations. gunners who are instructors, doctrine ARMOR — May-June 1998 41 “Sophisticated technology is certainly a big part of pro- duction excellence and our technology in the field of tank ammunition is second to none. But we also be- lieve that the most important factors are the people...” writers, and developers, we can see this the soldiers and Marines confidence in their jobs here at Ft. Knox. whose lives may one day The new information which we gained again depend upon their They Forge the Thunderbolts... on our visits will be transferred to stu- products. dents as well as the doctrine and equip- ment development programs here. • Primex Technologies, St. Petersburg, Florida; Points Of Contact: Headquarters of the Systems Contractor Another important contributor needs to be mentioned here because it is also a • Alliant Techsystems, Minneapolis, Minnesota part of ensuring that we are getting and TSM Abrams, Fort Headquarters of the Systems Contractor using top quality ammunition. The Knox, KY • Ver-Sa-Til Associates Inc., Chanhassen, Minnesota 120mm team from the Industrial Opera- Mr. Walt Meinshausen, M830A1 Fin and Sabot Pedals tions Command (IOC), Rock Island, Il- DSN 464-7955, Com (502) 624-7955 • Wiltec Industries, New Hope, Minnesota linois, is responsible for ensuring that Primer Body fielded ammunition works properly. This team, working with civilians in your lo- IOC, Rock Island, IL • NB 502 Inc., New Brighton, Minnesota cal ammunition agencies, continuously Mr. Brad Sitz, M830A1 Shaped Charge Liner monitors how well the ammunition is DSN 793-3624, • Motorola Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona working. Report any problems that you Com (309) 782-3624 M830A1 Proximity Sensor may encounter with your ammunition in • Armtec Defense Products, Coachella, California the field to your local quality assurance Picatinny Arsenal, NJ Combustible Cartridge Case personnel who will forward the informa- OPM-TMAS, Mr. Ron tion to the 120mm team. Two other Roeser, DSN 880-3655, • Nuclear Metals Inc., Concord, Massachusetts agencies that also make major contribu- Com (201) 724-3655 829A2 Penetrator tions to ensure we get and use quality ARDEC, Mr. Stew Gilman, • Conco Inc., Louisville, Kentucky 120mm ammunition are the Office of the DSN 880-6729, PA116 Metal Containers Program Manager for Tank Main Arma- Com (201) 724-6729 ment Systems (OPM-TMAS) and the • Ferrulmatic Operations, Totowa, New Jersey Case Base, M830A1/M865 Components Armament, Research, Development, and Alliant Techsystems, Evaluation Command (ARDEC). Hopkins, MN • Aerojet Ordnance, Jonesboro, Tennessee Through previous experience with these Mr. Ernie Pavlisich, M829A2 Penetrator groups, I can assure you that their re- Com (612) 931-4175 • Bulova Technologies, Lancaster, Pennsylvania sponse towards investigating possible M830A1 Fuze problems will be very swift. These agen- Primex Technologies, St. cies strongly support the needs of the • Flinchbaugh Technologies, Red Lion, Pennsylvania Petersburg, FL Case Base, M829A2, M865, and M831A1 components soldier. Mr. Bill Mitrix, Back to the original question, “What Com (813) 578-8129 • Radford Army Ammunition Plant, Radford, Virginia Makes Our 120mm Tank Ammunition Explosive Propellant The Best?” The answer is quite simple. • Day and Zimmerman Operations, Camden, Arkansas Sophisticated technology is certainly a Primers big part of production excellence and Wakeland K. Kuamoo recently retired from ac- • National Ordnance and Ballistic Test Center, our technology in the field of tank am- Camden, Arkansas, Live Fire Range Testing munition is second to none. But we also tive duty after serving as believe that the most important factors chief, Master Gunner • Kilgore Operations, Toone, Tennessee are the people who manage, produce, as- Branch at the Armor Primers School, Fort Knox. He is semble, test, and monitor our tank am- • Eagle Pitcher Industries, Joplin, Missouri munition. currently in Sarajevo, Bosnia, helping to train Thermal Battery for the M830A1 The next time you break out a 120mm the federation army. In • Thyssen Precision Forge Inc., Garner, North Carolina round, stop and take a close look at it. his long military career in Case Base Forgings The next time you score a first round hit Armor and Cavalry units, • Iowa Army Ammunition Plant, Middletown, Iowa on Tank Table VIII, take a second to he served in Korea, Ger- Load, Assemble, and Packout of Tank Ammunition think about that round. Real people pro- many, Yemen, and at duced it, real people that care about us, many CONUS posts. 42 ARMOR — May-June 1998.
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