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Redalyc.Calliphoridae (Diptera) from Wild, Suburban, and Urban Sites At Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina ISSN: 0373-5680 [email protected] Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Argentina MARILUIS, Juan C.; SCHNACK, Juan A.; MULIERI, Pablo P.; PATITUCCI, Luciano D. Calliphoridae (Diptera) from wild, suburban, and urban sites at three Southeast Patagonian localities Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 67, núm. 1-2, 2008, pp. 107-114 Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322028482009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative ISSN 0373-5680 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 67 (1-2): 107-114, 2008 107 Calliphoridae (Diptera) from wild, suburban, and urban sites at three Southeast Patagonian localities MARILUIS, Juan C. */**, Juan A. SCHNACK */***, Pablo P. MULIERI, */** and Luciano D. PATITUCCI */** * Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ** ANLIS «Dr. C. Malbrán», Departamento Vectores. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] *** División Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del bosque s/nº, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; e- mail: [email protected] Calliphoridae (Diptera) de ambientes no habitados, suburbanos y urbanos en tres localidades del sudeste patagónico RESUMEN. Durante fines de la primavera-verano de 2004-2005, se analizó la composición, abundancia relativa y proporción de sexos de especies de Calliphoridae (Diptera) en las localidades de Caleta Olivia, Puerto Deseado y Puerto San Julián (Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina). Tres sitios de muestreo afectados diferencialmente por la intervención humana fueron seleccionados en cada localidad. En las áreas urbanas, las especies exóticas Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) y Phaenicia sericata (Meigen) fueron dominantes. Por el contrario, las nativas Compsomyiops fulvicrura (Robineau-Desvoidy) y Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann) predominaron tanto en áreas inhabitadas como en aquellas con bajo impacto humano. En los cebos utilizados para las capturas, se observó mayor proporción de hembras en todas las especies, excepto Sarconesia chlorogaster que mostró mayor proporción de machos. PALABRAS CLAVE. Calliphoridae. Composición específica. Abundancia relativa. Sinantropía. Sudeste Patagonia. ABSTRACT. Species composition, relative abundance, sex ratio and habitat preference of blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Caleta Olivia, Puerto Deseado, and Puerto San Julián (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina) were studied during late spring and summer in 2004-2005. Results showed a higher prevalence of the exotic species, Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) and Phaenicia sericata (Meigen) at urban sites over the natives, Compsomyops fulvicrura (Robineau-Desvoidy) and Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann), which shows a strong preference for those sampling sites either not inhabited or less influenced by human activities. Sex ratio was female biased for all species, except for Sarconesia chlorogaster, which exhibited a male prevalence over females. KEY WORDS. Calliphoridae. Species composition. Relative abundance. Synanthropy. Southeastern Patagonia. Recibido: 27-IV-2007; aceptado: 29-II-2008 108 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 67 (1-2): 107-114, 2008 INTRODUCTION abundance and sex ratio, and the main factors governing them, considering sites differently Knowledge of the taxonomy and ecology affected by human influence in three of blowfly species is important not only for localities along the Atlantic Patagonian coast. basic entomology, but also for other fields of science and its applications, especially sanitary biology. This is due to their role as MATERIAL AND METHODS pathogen vectors (Greenberg, 1971; Graczyk et al., 2001), indicators for forensic studies Study sites comprised urban (U), isolated (Byrd & Castner, 2001) and myiasis producers dwelling (ID) and wild (W) habitats at three (Zumpt, 1965; Hall & Wall, 1995). localities in northeastern Santa Cruz province: Many insect species are associated with Caleta Olivia (46º 26’ 17’’ S, 67º 32’ 05’’ W), environmental conditions created by man Puerto Deseado (47º 44’ 00’’ S, 65º 54’ 01’’ (synanthropy), especially muscoid flies (e.g., W), and Puerto San Julián (49º 17’ 60’’ S, Nuorteva, 1963). Habitat preferences of 67º 43’ 00’’ W). At each studied location, blowfly species and the structure of local the U sites were located in the geographical communities may exhibit significant center of the town, the ID sites were at the geographical variation (Nuorteva, 1963). city edge and the W sites were in the steppe, Comparative studies among wild, suburban, 5-8 km away from the urban limits. and urban environments housing calliphorid The study sites lie in the «Provincia species have been conducted in several Patagónica», where two main districts may geographic locations in Argentina, including be distinguished: the Central-Patagonian northeastern subtropics (Mariluis et al., 1990), (Puerto San Julián) and the San Jorge Gulf the suburbs of Buenos Aires city (Schnack et (Caleta Olivia and Puerto Deseado). The al., 1995), northwest (Mariluis & Schnack, former is mainly represented by a shrubby 1996) and mid-west Patagonia (Schnack et steppe dominated by Chuquiraga avellanedae al.,1998), southeastern Santa Cruz Province Lorentz (Asteraceae), Nassauvia glomerulosa and mid-eastern Tierra del Fuego (Schnack (Lag. Ex Pindl) and Stipa spp. (Poaceae); the & Mariluis, 2004). latter is dominated by Trevoa patagonica Speg According to findings from previous (Rhamnaceae) and Colliguaya integerrima works, similar values of specific composition Gill. et Hook. (Euphorbiaceae) (Cabrera, to the ones already registered in other 1971). localities of the Patagonian steppe are Blowflies are small and very mobile expected to be found. We hypothesize that organisms, which makes them difficult to differences in the species relative abundance sample at randomly-selected locations. Thus, among different sites, with variable degrees sampling methods are mostly based on of urbanization, will occur. We expect to find estimates or counts on aggregation sites, such a higher relative abundance of cosmopolitan as fly-attracting baits (Muirhead-Thomson, species among urban sectors of the coastal 1968). Samples were taken during the late localities of Patagonia, Argentina. spring and summer (November 2004- The use of carrion baits is crucial for the February 2005), once a month per site. Seven study of blowfly populations (Hall, 1995). The hourly captures of adult flies (10:00 am - majority of Calliphoridae females used them 04:00 pm) were taken with a hand net on a as protein sources for eggs maturation as well bait composed of 150 g of rotten cow meat as for egg-laying substrate (Erzinçlioglu, (five days old). The baits were exposed for 1996). Thus, we expect a bias toward females 15 minutes every hour. The sampling effort during capture. We will compare sex ratio in was the same at each site and consisted of order to quantitative describe how species one bait per site and seven netting events per will respond. date. Blowflies were killed in glass vials with The aim of this work was to analyze carbon tetrachloride and stored in the field blowfly species composition, relative as described elsewhere (Schnack & Mariluis, MARILUIS, J. C. et al. Calliphoridae from wild, suburban, and urban sites in Patagonia 109 1 a a a 0,5 b Prop. females 0 Cv Ps Cf Sch Species Fig. 1. Proportion of females of blowfly species obtained from the nine capture sites (lowest and highest bars represent minimum and maximum values, respectively; middle bar refers to mean values). Data labeled with different letters are significantly different according to Dunn’s test (P < 0.05). Abbreviated names of species: Cv = Calliphora vicina; Ps = Phaenicia sericata; Cf = Compsomyiops fulvicrura; Sch = Sarconesia chlorogaster. 2004); once in the laboratory, they were using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U identified and counted using the key of test for two independent samples (Zar, 1996). Mariluis & Schnack (2002). For this analysis, sites belonging to the same When calliphorid samplings are obtained habitat type were used as replicates. in several places at different dates, raw counts A correspondence analysis (CA) was used reflect the local sampling milieu at the to summarize the relationships between particular site and date, rather than any species and sites. This is a statistical fundamental differences among assemblages visualization method for illustrating the (McLeod & Donnelly, 1962). For this reason associations between the levels of a two-way our hypotheses are based on relative contingency table (Kent & Coker, 1992). For proportions. Raw data is given as this analysis raw number of flies gives complementary informative purpose. asymmetric scaling on the configuration of We took into account the proportion of species and sites. To avoid this potential effect males and females in order to describe the we give the same weight to all species. This response to the used bait. Thus, a Friedman’s was done by converting numbers collected analysis of variance by ranks was applied per site to percentage of the total yield per
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