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The Res Publica Party in Estonia
Meteoric Trajectory: The Res Publica Party in Estonia REIN TAAGEPERA Formed in 2001, Res Publica won the Estonian parliamentary elections in 2003, and its leader became prime minister. It failed to win a single seat in the European Parliament in 2004 and was down to 5 per cent in opinion polls in 2005 when it dropped out of the cabinet. The founding chairperson of the party analyses here the causes for Res Publica’s rapid rise and fall, reviewing the socio-political background and drawing comparisons with other new parties in Europe. Res Publica was a genuinely new party that involved no previous major players. It might be charac- terized as a ‘purifying bridge party’ that filled an empty niche at centre right. Its rise was among the fastest in Europe. For success of a new party, each of three factors must be present to an appreciable degree: Prospect of success ¼ Members  Money  Visibility. Res Publica had all three, but rapid success spoiled the party leadership. Their governing style became arrogant and they veered to the right, alienating their centrist core constituency. It no longer mattered for the quality of Estonian politics whether Res Publica faded or survived. Key words: new parties; Estonia; Res Publica; rightist politics Democratization includes developing a workable party system. Around 2000, I would have told anyone who cared to listen that Estonia had too many parties. A study by Grofman, Mikkel and Taagepera1 also noted that no major new player had entered the field since 1995. We characterized the party constellation in the early 1990s as kaleidoscopic, but gave figures to show that the party system in Estonia seemed to stabilize. -
Présidential Election in Estonia
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN ESTONIA 29th and 30th August 2011 European Elections monitor President of the Republic Toomas Hendrik Ilves is running for re-election as Head of Estonia from Corinne Deloy Translated by Helen Levy The presidential election will take place on 29th and 30th August next in Estonia. The 101 members of the Riigikogu, the only chamber in Parliament, are being invi- ANALYSIS ted to appoint the new Head of State. Toomas Hendrik Ilves, the Head of State in 1 month before office, announced last December that he would be running for re-election. He has the poll the support of the Reform Party (ER) led by Prime Minister Andrus Ansip, the Pro Patria Union-Res Publica (IRL), member of the government coalition and the Social Democratic Party (SDE), T. Ilves’s party. The 23 MPs of the Pro Patria Union-Res Publica have 7) by the main opposition party, the Centre Party already signed a document expressing their support (KE), on 18th June last. Indrek Tarand is the son to the outgoing Head of State. “From our point of of former Prime Minister (1994-1995) and former view, thanks to his work, Toomas Hendrik Ilves, has MEP (2004-2009), Social Democrat, Andres Tarand. helped towards the development of civil society and In the last European elections on 4th-7th June 2009 has encouraged debate over problems that Estonia he stood as an independent and came second with has to face. The President of the Republic also suc- 25.81% of the vote, i.e. just behind the Centre Party ceeded in taking firm decisions during the crises that (26.07%) rallying a great number of protest votes the country experienced, such as for example, the to his name. -
Republic of Estonia Country Report Table of Contents
m o c 30 km . s p a m - 20 mi d © Maardu Tallinn Rakvere Kohtla- Sillamäe Narva Kiviõli Järve Jõhvi Keila Tapa Haapsalu Paide Jõgeva Viljandi Tartu Pärnu Kuressaare Põlva Võru Valga Republic of Estonia Country Report Table of contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 2 One of the three Baltic States occupied by the Soviet Union from 1940 until 1991, Estonia has made impressive economic and political progress since regaining independence. Read more. History ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Estonia, slightly smaller in area than New Hampshire and Vermont combined, is bordered by Latvia, Russia, the Baltic Sea, and the Gulf of Finland. Read more. Government and Economy.................................................................................................................................. 3 Estonia is a mature, stable parliamentary democracy with legislative, executive, and judicial branches, of which the unicameral Parliament (Riigikogu) holds the most power. Its 101 members are popularly elected every four years. Read more. Foreign Policy ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Estonia has good relations with its Baltic neighbors and is a member of the Council of Baltic -
101 Biograafiat-2021-June.Pdf
101 BIOGRAPHIES The 14th Riigikogu June 17, 2021 Tallinn 2021 Compiled on the basis of questionnaires completed by members of the Riigikogu / Reviewed semi-annually Compiled by Marge Allandi, Rita Hillermaa and Piret Pärgma / Translated by the Chancellery of the Riigi- kogu / Estonian edition edited by Gerli Randjärv, English edition by Piret Pärgma / Cover by Tuuli Aule / Layout by Margit Plink / Photos by Erik Peinar ISSN 2674-3205 Copyright: Chancellery of the Riigikogu, National Library of Estonia CONTENTS Members of the 14th Riigikogu 3 Members of the Riigikogu by Constituency 114 Members of the Riigikogu by Faction 117 Members of the Riigikogu by Committee 120 Members of the Riigikogu Whose Mandate Has Been Suspended or Has Terminated 124 List of Riigikogus 148 Abbreviations and Select Glossary 149 CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 Members MEMBERS OF Merry Aart Uno Kaskpeit Kristen Michal Erki Savisaar THE 14TH RIIGIKOGU Annely Akkermann Erkki Keldo Marko Mihkelson Helir-Valdor Seeder Yoko Alender Kert Kingo Madis Milling Andrus Seeme Tiiu Aro Signe Kivi Aadu Must Sven Sester Riho Breivel Toomas Kivimägi Eduard Odinets Priit Sibul Dmitri Dmitrijev Aivar Kokk Jevgeni Ossinovski Riina Sikkut Ivi Eenmaa Rene Kokk Ivari Padar Imre Sooäär Enn Eesmaa Mihhail Korb Hanno Pevkur Mihhail Stalnuhhin Peeter Ernits Andrei Korobeinik Heljo Pikhof Timo Suslov Hele Everaus Siret Kotka Õnne Pillak Margit Sutrop Kalle Grünthal Heiki Kranich Siim Pohlak Aivar Sõerd Helle-Moonika Helme Igor Kravtšenko Kristina Šmigun-Vähi Anti Poolamets Mart Helme Eerik-Niiles Kross -
The World Factbook Europe :: Estonia Introduction :: Estonia Background
The World Factbook Europe :: Estonia Introduction :: Estonia Background: After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US - it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with the West. It joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004, formally joined the OECD in late 2010, and adopted the euro as its official currency on 1 January 2011. Geography :: Estonia Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia Geographic coordinates: 59 00 N, 26 00 E Map references: Europe Area: total: 45,228 sq km country comparison to the world: 133 land: 42,388 sq km water: 2,840 sq km note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea Area - comparative: slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined Land boundaries: total: 633 km border countries: Latvia 343 km, Russia 290 km Coastline: 3,794 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: limits fixed in coordination with neighboring states Climate: maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers Terrain: marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south Elevation extremes: lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Suur Munamagi 318 m Natural resources: oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud Land -
Download/Print the Study in PDF Format
GENERAL ELECTIONS IN ESTONIA 1st March 2015 European Elections monitor General Elections in Estonia: a more uncertain election than forecast Corinne Deloy Abstract : 979 910 Estonians are invited to vote on 1st March next to renew the 101 members of the Riigikogu, the only chamber in Parliament. These general elections are being held one year after the resignation of Andrus Ansip (Reform party, ER), who led Estonia for 9 years (2005-2014). Analysis Following the withdrawal of the head of government a new government coalition was formed. This combined the Reform Party and Sven Mikser’s Social Democratic Party (SDE) which is led by Taavi Roivas. 876 candidates from 10 parties i.e. +67 in comparison and almost all of the Russian-speakers (92%) do not with the last general elections on 6th March 2011, and believe there will be open conflict between Tallinn and 13 independents (-19) are running in this election. Moscow. Only six parties are presenting a list of 125 names: the Reform Party, the Centre Party (K), the Social On 5th September, two days after Barack Obama’s visit Democratic Party, Pro Patria and Res Publica Union to Tallinn, Russia’s domestic security services arrested (IRL), the People’s Conservative Party (EKRE) and the Eston Kohver. A member of the Estonian domestic Free Party of Estonia. security services and responsible for monitoring criminal groups suspected of smuggling on the Russian- 76,488 Estonians living abroad are allowed to vote in Estonian border, Mr Kohver is now in prison in Moscow these elections i.e.+26 838 than four years ago. -
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Copyright @ 2020 Australian and New Zealand Journal of European Studies https://esaanz.org.au/anzjes/ Vol12 (3) ISSN 1837-2147 (Print) ISSN 1836-1803 (On-line) Framing the EU and the Green Deal in Estonia: A reluctant balancing act MAILI VILSON University of Tartu, Estonia [email protected] Abstract: As the new government incorporating the populist EKRE party took office in Estonia in spring 2019, concerns emerged about Estonia’s long-standing policy outlook of strong Euro-Atlantic integration. Other coalition members had to balance EKRE’s policy positions, which manifested in contradictory statements and vague decisions. Analysing the Estonian government’s rhetoric about the EU, this paper reveals how the government in its first year in office framed the European Union (EU). The Green Deal, or the EU’s target of achieving climate neutrality by 2050, emerged as one of the cross-cutting topics in the discourse, but the pragmatic rhetoric employed by ministers and the conflict between values and actions raises questions about the motivations of the government, and therefore results in what is termed as ‘reluctant’ Europeanisation. Key words: EU perceptions; Europeanisation; Estonia; Green Deal; populism Introduction An unexpected government took office in Estonia in the spring of 2019, after the winner of the election – the liberal Reform Party – was unable to find allies to form a government and was cast aside in favour of a coalition comprised of the left-leaning Centre Party (Keskerakond, KE), the populist radical right Conservative People’s Party (Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond, EKRE), and the right-wing Christian democratic Pro Patria (Isamaa, PP). -
Fifth Round Evaluation Report on Estonia
Adoption | Publication Public 7 December 2018 GrecoEval5Rep(2018)3 FIFTH EVALUATION ROUND Preventing corruption and promoting integrity in central governments (top executive functions) and law enforcement agencies EVALUATION REPORT ESTONIA 7 Adopted by GRECO at its 81st Plenary Meeting (Strasbourg, 3-7 December 2018) TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 4 II. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 6 III. CONTEXT .................................................................................................................................................. 7 IV. CORRUPTION PREVENTION IN CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS (TOP EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS) ......................... 9 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT AND TOP EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS.............................................................................................. 9 Status and remuneration of persons with top executive functions ............................................................. 13 ANTICORRUPTION AND INTEGRITY POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................................. 14 Legal framework/ethical principles and rules of conduct ............................................................................ 15 Institutional framework .............................................................................................................................. -
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European Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State-Building Working Paper No. 32 The Long Transition to Good s Governance: the Case of Estonia Looking at the changes in the governance regime and anti- corruption policy Aare Kasemets (Paper presented at the XXII World Congress of International Political Science Association, Madrid, July 8-12 2012) ERCAS WorkingPaper July 2012 www.againstcorruption.eu Abstract: This paper deals with the post-communist positive outlier Estonia, which made according to international comparisons perhaps the most spectacular progress in the world, from a totalitarian regime to a quality democracy in less than twenty years. The country has seen improvement in all four dimensions of control of corruption described in the equilibrium model of Alina Mungiu-Pippidi (2011) since the restoration of its independence in 1991. The changes in the different dimensions happened almost simultaneously. During the first government of Mart Laar (1992-1995), policies that reduced material resources and strengthened legal constraints were implemented. Estonia pioneered important liberal reforms, for instance the adoption of a flat tax which then became very trendy in Eastern Europe and a very advanced e-government inspired from the neighbouring Finland. It also had the most radical policy towards Soviet time judiciary, replacing most of it and restarting practically all over with new magistrates. Normative constraints are also high, with a public opinion intolerant of particularism, an active civil society and a free press. The paper tries to explain why Estonian elites succeeded in promoting good governance and anti-corruption measures more than most other Central and Eastern European countries. -
GENERAL ELECTIONS in ESTONIA 1St March 2015
GENERAL ELECTIONS IN ESTONIA 1st March 2015 European Elections monitor In office for the last nine years the Reform Party of Taavi Roivas came out ahead in the Estonian general elections Corinne Deloy Abstract : The general elections that took place in Estonia on March 1st benefited the country’s two “big” political parties. The Reform Party (ER) of Prime Minister Taavi Roivas, appointed as head of government a year ago (26th March 2014), came out ahead in the elected after nine years Results in office. He won 27.7% of the vote and 30 seats (–3) in the Riigikogu, the only chamber in Parliament – the Centre Party (K), the main opposition party led by the Mayor of Tallinn and former Prime Minister (1991-1992), Edgar Savisaar, won 24.8% of the vote and 27 MPs (+1). The Social Democratic Party (SDE) of outgoing by Mart Helme, which won 8.1% of the vote and 7 Defence Minister Sven Mikser took third place with seats. 15.2% of the vote and 15 seats (-4). It suffered a setback as did the Pro Patria Union-Res Publica Turnout was almost the same as registered in the (IRL) led by Urmas Reinsalu, which won 13.7% of previous general election on 6th March 2011 totalling the vote and 14 seats (- 9) and is the grand loser in 63.7% (- 0.2 points). this election. It lost ground because of the progress made by the two parties which are to make their 296,109 people i.e. one third of the electorate debut in the Riigikogu: the Free Party of Estonia, fulfilled their civic duty early between 19th and 25th created on 20th September last and chaired by February -176,491 of whom did so electronically, a Andres Herkel which won 8.7% of the vote and 8 new record for the country (their number totalled seats and the People’s Conservative Party (EKRE) a 140,846 in 2011). -
Republic of Estonia 100 – a Modern State
REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA 100 – A MODERN STATE Wednesday, 3 October 20:30–22:30 Welcoming evening Estonian Academic Law Society – 30 Welcoming address by Irene Kull, Professor, Chairman of the EALS Kärt Raud – Studying at University, Moot Courts and Summer Schools Presentation – Code of Civil Procedure (I–III). Commented edition Thursday, 4 October 9:00–10:00 Morning coffee (Vanemuine Concert Hall, doors will open at 8:30) Plenary meeting (Vanemuine Concert Hall) 10:00–10:30 Play “Meeta and Justice” – author Maimu Berg, directed by Piret Kuub The story starts in the year 1920 and ends in 2018. The characters are Meeta Janno Villecourt, Kaarel Parts, president of the Surpeme Court and Anton Palvadre, Chancellor of Justice of the Republic of Estonia before World War II. They are looking back at the hardships of establishing our own rule of law, and commenting on current life in Estonia from the viewpoint of legal science. Actors: Raivo Adlas, Urmas Kalla, Julia Laffranque (Judge, European Court of Human Rights; Visiting professor of University of Tartu). Opening – Enn Tonka, President of the Estonian Lawyers Union Irene Kull, Chairman of the Estonian Academic Law Society Technology of the Constitution Moderator: Tarmo Jüristo, Chairman of the Management Board of Praxis 10:30–12:00 PhD Ülle Madise, Chancellor of Justice of the Republic of Estonia; Visiting Professor, University of Tartu Changes in Society Reflected in the Constitution – Historical and Comparative View Jaan Tallinn, Visionary / Entrepreneur Existential Risks Vivian Loonela, Member of Cabinet of Vice-President Andrus Ansip, European Commission Existential Possibilities 12:00–12:30 Coffee break Technology and the Person Moderator: Mag. -
Embassy of India Helsinki *** India - Estonia Bilateral Relations
January 2020 Embassy of India Helsinki *** India - Estonia Bilateral Relations India has long-standing historical links with Estonia. India recognised the Republic of Estonia on 9th September 1991 and Diplomatic Relations were established on 2nd December of the same year. Since then, the bilateral relations continue to be cordial and friendly. The Embassy of India in Helsinki is concurrently accredited to Estonia. Estonia opened its Embassy in New Delhi in March 2012. Visit of Vice President: Vice President visited Estonia during August 20-21, 2019, the first high level visit from India to Estonia since establishment of diplomatic relations. He was accompanied by Shri Sanjay Dhotre, Minister of State (IT), three MPs, senior officials, media and 18 Indian companies. Vice President met President Ms Kersti Kaljulaid, PM Jüri Ratas, President of the Parliament Mr Henn Põlluaas, addressed Estonian Ambassadors at their annual Conference, and addressed members of the Indian Community. Three MOUs were signed during the visit: MOU for Cooperation in e-Governance and emerging digital technologies MOU for Cooperation in Cyber Security MOU for Waiver of Visas for diplomatic passport holders PM meets Estonia’s President on sidelines of UNGA Our PM met President of Estonia, Ms Kersti Kaljulaid in September 2019 and discussed possibility of cooperation in e-governance, cyber security and innovation. Foreign Minister’s visit to India Foreign Minister of Estonia, H.E. Mr. Urmas Reinsalu visited India for speaking at Raisina Dialogue in Delhi on 15-16 January 2020. He met EAM and had a brief interaction with PM. EAM and FM Reinsalu discussed enhancing cooperation in digital, cyber domain and ICT.