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Visiones De Desarrollo: Perspectivas Indígenas, Estatales Y Empresariales

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Visiones De Desarrollo: Perspectivas Indígenas, Estatales Y Empresariales VISIONES DE DESARROLLO: PERSPECTIVAS INDÍGENAS, ESTATALES Y EMPRESARIALES 173 VISIONES DE DESARROLLO: PERSPECTIVAS INDÍGENAS, ESTATALES Y EMPRESARIALES Autores Alicia Williner (Argentina) María Soledad Pérez (Perú) Guillermo Vidalón (Perú) Lorena Terrazas (Bolivia) Kinyapiler F. Johnson (Panamá) Freddy Limaco (Bolivia) © Konrad Adenauer Stiftung e.V., 2013 Prefacio Susanne Käss Representante del Programa Regional de “Participación Política Indígena” de la Fundación Konrad Adenauer Autores Alicia Williner (Argentina) María Soledad Pérez (Perú) Guillermo Vidalón (Perú) Lorena Terrazas (Bolivia) Kinyapiler F. Johnson (Panamá) Freddy Limaco (Bolivia) Editores responsables Álvaro Cuéllar Claudia Heins Revisión y corrección Susanne Käss Claudia Heins Diseño de portada Valeria Castro Impresión Presencia D.L. 4 - 1 - 511 - 14 Fundación Konrad Adenauer (KAS) - Programa Regional de Participación Política Indígena (PPI) Av. Walter Guevara No 8037, Calacoto Tel: (+591-2) 2786910 2786478 2784085 2125577 Fax: (+591-2) 2786831 Casilla No 9284 La Paz – Bolivia Email: [email protected] www.kas.de/ppi Esta publicación se distribuye sin fines de lucro, en el marco de la cooperación internacional de la Fundación Konrad Adenauer (KAS). El texto que se publica a continuación es de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores y no expresa necesariamente el pensamiento de los editores y/o de la KAS. Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial del contenido con la inclusión de la fuente. ÍNDICE ÍNDICE DE SIGLAS.......................................................................... 7 PREFACIO...................................................................................... 9 VISIÓN DE ORGANISMO INTERNACIONAL PERSPECTIVAS DEL DESARROLLO PARA LA IGUALDAD................. 11 I. CAMBIO ESTRUCTURAL PARA LA IGUALDAD: LA PROPUESTA DE CEPAL PARA ESTE SIGLO XXI....................... 11 II. LA PERSPECTIVA DEL DESARROLLO...................................... 18 III. LAS RESISTENCIAS TERRITORIALES: EL CASO DE LOS CONFLICTOS SOCIOAMBIENTALES EN TERRITORIOS INDÍGENAS.................................................... 20 A. El contexto actual: el desafío de captar rentas derivadas de los recursos naturales.................................... 20 B. La participación y el protagonismo ciudadano en la gestión de los recursos naturales........................................ 21 C. Semejanzas y diferencias entre los dos casos de estudio........................................................................... 29 D. Las estrategias de los Estados de Brasil y Bolivia............................................................................ 30 E. El tránsito de la gestión pública tradicional a la gobernanza..................................................................... 32 F. La gobernanza de los bienes regionales públicos y comunes......................................................................... 33 G. La visión académica de la resolución de conflictos medioambientales............................................................ 37 H. Las estrategias de los Estados de la región frente a los conflictos socioambientales.......................................... 37 I. Los avances de UNASUR respecto al uso de los recursos naturales para un desarrollo integral de la región..... 39 J. Sugerencias a los Estados nacionales en la construcción de una agenda para la gobernanza de los recursos naturales........................................................... 41 IV. UN DIÁLOGO SOCIAL PARA UN PACTO POLÍTICO QUE PROMUEVA LA IGUALDAD.............................................. 42 Bibliografía................................................................................... 45 VISIÓN ESTATAL LA VISIÓN DE DESARROLLO DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DEL ESTADO PERUANO: ENTRE LA REALIDAD Y LA ILUSIÓN............... 47 I. INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS.............................................. 47 II. UNIDOS PARA CRECER: EL DESARROLLO DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DEL ESTADO PERUANO. UNA MIRADA DESDE ADENTRO..................................................... 49 III. PARA CRECER INTEGRADOS: EL DESARROLLO DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DEL ESTADO PERUANO. UNA MIRADA INTERNACIONAL............................................ 56 IV. EL DESARROLLO DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DEL ESTADO EN EL EJERCICIO DE GOBIERNO: UNA MIRADA SUBJETIVA..... 64 V. PROPUESTA DE CONCILIACIÓN DE VISIONES Y ALGUNOS DE LOS DESAFÍOS PENDIENTES............................ 71 Bibliografía................................................................................... 74 VISIÓN EMPRESARIAL VISIÓN Y MISIÓN DEL DESARROLLO EMPRESARIAL.................... 75 I. REFLEXIONES INICIALES..................................................... 75 II. EL SECTOR EXTRACTIVO....................................................... 86 III. CONCLUSIONES..................................................................... 90 Bibliografía................................................................................. 98 VISIÓN GENERAL INDÍGENA APORTES, MIRADAS Y REFLEXIONES DESDE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS A NIVEL REGIONAL................................. 99 I. CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN DE “DESARROLLO”.......................... 99 II. EN BÚSQUEDA DEL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE................... 103 A. El Informe Brundtland.................................................... 104 B. Los tres ejes del desarrollo............................................. 104 C. Los acuerdos de la Cumbre para la Tierra......................... 105 D. La Declaración de Río.................................................... 106 E. Río + 20....................................................................... 106 III. NUEVAS VOCES Y CUESTIONAMIENTO AL DESARROLLO: REGIÓN ANDINA Y AMAZÓNICA – APORTES Y MIRADAS DESDE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS...... 107 IV. REFLEXIONES CONJUNTAS................................................. 114 A. No se ha superado el debate “crecimiento versus desarrollo”..................................................................... 115 B. Los indígenas tienen derecho a definir su propio desarrollo...................................................................... 116 C. La implementación del “vivir bien, buen vivir o vida plena”.... 117 Bibliografía................................................................................. 119 VISIÓN de UN PUEBlo indigena GUNAYALA, UNA AUTONOMÍA EN RESISTENCIA Y LUCHA POR SU DESARROLLO................................................................. 123 I. INTRODUCCIÓN.................................................................. 123 II. LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS EN PANAMÁ............................... 124 A. Población....................................................................... 124 B. Ubicación....................................................................... 124 C. Breve reseña del pueblo guna dule.................................... 126 II. NEGA (LA CASA): BASE DEL SISTEMA DE DESARROLLO GUNA....................................................... 127 A. Nabgwana (Madre Tierra) o un simple factor de producción..................................................................... 127 B. Onmaggednega (Congreso Local)...................................... 130 C. Onmagged Dummad (Congreso General Guna)................. 132 D. Otras formas de sentir la nega.......................................... 134 IV. POBREZA VERSUS DESARROLLO......................................... 136 V. PERPSECTIVAS DEL PUEBLO GUNA..................................... 140 VI. CONCLUSIONES.................................................................. 141 Bibliografía................................................................................. 143 Ejemplo de buena práctica EMPRENDIMIEMTO DE TURISMO COMUNITARIO CHALALÁN....... 147 I. ANTECEDENTES................................................................... 147 A. San José de Uchupiamonas............................................. 147 B. Ubicación y principales vías de acceso............................... 150 C. Organización y economía................................................ 150 II. EL LIDERAZGO.................................................................... 152 III. EL TURISMO DE AVENTURA................................................ 155 IV. LA BÚSQUEDA DE FINANCIAMIENTO PARA EL PROYECTO DE ECOTURISMO............................................... 157 V. EJECUCIÓN DEL PROYECTO................................................ 161 A. Primera etapa............................................................... 161 B. Segunda etapa.............................................................. 163 C. La transferencia del proyecto........................................... 164 VI. EL SUEÑO DE LOS UCHUPIAMONAS HECHO REALIDAD......... 166 A. Chalalán Albergue Ecológico............................................ 166 B. El “efecto” Chalalán........................................................ 168 SEMBLANZAS.............................................................................. 169 ÍNDICE DE SIGLAS AIDESEP Asociación Interétnica de la Selva Peruana ALCA Alianza de Libre Comercio de las Américas ALBA Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América ANAM Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente BID Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo BNDES Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimiento Regional CAOI Coordinadora Andina de Organizaciones Indígenas CARICOM Comunidad y Mercado Común del Caribe CELAC Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños CEPAL Comisión Económica para América Latina CEPLAN Centro Nacional de Planeamiento Estratégico CGG Congreso General Guna CMILAP Central de
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