Interaction Networks and Trait Evolution
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Biology and Host-Pathogen Interaction of Stagonosporopsis Tanaceti, the Cause of Ray Blight Disease in Pyrethrum
Biology and host-pathogen interaction of Stagonosporopsis tanaceti, the cause of ray blight in pyrethrum Md Abdullahil Baki Bhuiyan Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne April 2017 i Declaration I declare that this thesis includes only my original work in the direction of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. I also acknowledge all other materials use in the text. The words of this do not exceed 100,000 words. This thesis fulfils the stipulations set out for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by the University of Melbourne. Md Abdullahil Baki Bhuiyan April 2017 ii Acknowledgements My grateful thanks to my major supervisor Professor Paul Taylor and co-supervisor Dr Marc Nicolas for their scholastic academic guidance and continuous help to accomplish this thesis. My special thanks to Paul for his friendly support, guidance and encouragement. My special thanks to Tim Groom, Manager- Agricultural Businesses, Botanical Resources Australia (BRA) Pty. Ltd. for his judicious suggestions, inspirations and invitation at BRA to discuss my findings with the industry people which made this research worthwhile. Many thanks to our lab managers Carolyn Selway, Michelle Rhee and Martin Ji; Stephen and Priya Chand (Faculty staff), Steven (Glasshouse) for their assistance and continuous support throughout the research period. I would like offer special gratitude to my lab colleagues especially Niloofar, Dina, Eden, Mee-Yung, Sophia, Azin, Jiang, Dilani, Ruvini and Aruni for their friendship and continuous support. I would like to acknowledge with special gratitude the Melbourne International Research Scholarship (MIRS) and Melbourne International Fee Remission Scholarship (MIFRS) awarded by the University of Melbourne and financial support from BRA. -
Crab Spiders Impact Floral-Signal Evolution Indirectly Through Removal
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03792-x OPEN Crab spiders impact floral-signal evolution indirectly through removal of florivores Anina C. Knauer1, Moe Bakhtiari1,2 & Florian P. Schiestl1 The puzzling diversity of flowers is primarily shaped by selection and evolutionary change caused by the plant’s interaction with animals. The contribution of individual animal species to net selection, however, may vary depending on the network of interacting organisms. Here 1234567890():,; we document that in the buckler mustard, Biscutella laevigata, the crab spider Thomisus onustus reduces bee visits to flowers but also benefits plants by feeding on florivores. Uninfested plants experience a trade-off between pollinator and spider attraction as both bees and crab spiders are attracted by the floral volatile β-ocimene. This trade-off is reduced by the induced emission of β-ocimene after florivore infestation, which is stronger in plant populations where crab spiders are present than where they are absent, suggesting that plants are locally adapted to the presence of crab spiders. Our study demonstrates the context-dependence of selection and shows how crab spiders impact on floral evolution. 1 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. 2Present address: Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressedto F.P.S. (email: fl[email protected]) NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2018) 9:1367 | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03792-x | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03792-x lant–animal interactions are a major driver of plant Crab spiders camouflage themselves on flowers to hunt flower- evolution, including both local adaptation and species visiting insects such as pollinators (Fig. -
Zootaxa, Coleoptera, Attelabidae, Apoderinae, Hoplapoderini
Zootaxa 1089: 37–47 (2005) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1089 Copyright © 2005 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new genus and species of Hoplapoderini from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Attelabidae: Apoderinae) SILVANO BIONDI Via E. di Velo 137, I-36100 Vicenza - Italy. email: [email protected] Abstract Madapoderus pacificus, a new genus and species of hoplapoderine attelabid beetles, is described from Madagascar. A key to the genera of Hoplapoderini and field observations on the host plant and reproductive behaviour of the new species are provided. Key words: Attelabidae, Apoderinae, Hoplapoderini, Madagascar, new genus, new species, Grewia Introduction In May 2002, among specimens of Attelabidae collected in Madagascar by David Hauck some months earlier, I received two males belonging to the apoderine tribe Hoplapoderini that could not be assigned to any known genus. A study of the rich collection of Madagascan attelabids at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, a few months later confirmed this diagnosis. During a month-long collecting expedition in Madagascar in December 2003 and January 2004, I collected the new taxon again, at a different locality, and could carry out some observations on its behaviour. Systematics Tribe Hoplapoderini Voss, 1926 Voss (1926) defined his tribe Hoplapoderini largely on the basis of features of the head and elytra. The new Madagascan genus fits into this tribe due to its tapered head, with maximum width near the basis, and its tuberculate elytra. Voss also provided a key to the Accepted by Q. Wang: 7 Oct. 2005; published: 2 Dec. 2005 37 ZOOTAXA genera of the tribe, but this is largely inadequate because of its heavy reliance on the 1089 presence and shape of what he called “abdominal lobes” (“Abdominallappen”). -
Biology and Recent Developments in the Systematics of Phoma, a Complex Genus of Major Quarantine Significance Reviews, Critiques
Fungal Diversity Reviews, Critiques and New Technologies Reviews, Critiques and New Technologies Biology and recent developments in the systematics of Phoma, a complex genus of major quarantine significance Aveskamp, M.M.1*, De Gruyter, J.1, 2 and Crous, P.W.1 1CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands 2Plant Protection Service (PD), P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands Aveskamp, M.M., De Gruyter, J. and Crous, P.W. (2008). Biology and recent developments in the systematics of Phoma, a complex genus of major quarantine significance. Fungal Diversity 31: 1-18. Species of the coelomycetous genus Phoma are ubiquitously present in the environment, and occupy numerous ecological niches. More than 220 species are currently recognised, but the actual number of taxa within this genus is probably much higher, as only a fraction of the thousands of species described in literature have been verified in vitro. For as long as the genus exists, identification has posed problems to taxonomists due to the asexual nature of most species, the high morphological variability in vivo, and the vague generic circumscription according to the Saccardoan system. In recent years the genus was revised in a series of papers by Gerhard Boerema and co-workers, using culturing techniques and morphological data. This resulted in an extensive handbook, the “Phoma Identification Manual” which was published in 2004. The present review discusses the taxonomic revision of Phoma and its teleomorphs, with a special focus on its molecular biology and papers published in the post-Boerema era. Key words: coelomycetes, Phoma, systematics, taxonomy. -
Livro-Inpp.Pdf
GOVERNMENT OF BRAZIL President of Republic Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia Minister for Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications Gilberto Kassab MUSEU PARAENSE EMÍLIO GOELDI Director Nilson Gabas Júnior Research and Postgraduate Coordinator Ana Vilacy Moreira Galucio Communication and Extension Coordinator Maria Emilia Cruz Sales Coordinator of the National Research Institute of the Pantanal Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro Ruivo EDITORIAL BOARD Adriano Costa Quaresma (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia) Carlos Ernesto G.Reynaud Schaefer (Universidade Federal de Viçosa) Fernando Zagury Vaz-de-Mello (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso) Gilvan Ferreira da Silva (Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental) Spartaco Astolfi Filho (Universidade Federal do Amazonas) Victor Hugo Pereira Moutinho (Universidade Federal do Oeste Paraense) Wolfgang Johannes Junk (Max Planck Institutes) Coleção Adolpho Ducke Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Natural resources in wetlands: from Pantanal to Amazonia Marcos Antônio Soares Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim Editors Belém 2017 Editorial Project Iraneide Silva Editorial Production Iraneide Silva Angela Botelho Graphic Design and Electronic Publishing Andréa Pinheiro Photos Marcos Antônio Soares Review Iraneide Silva Marcos Antônio Soares Mário Augusto G.Jardim Print Graphic Santa Marta Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Natural resources in wetlands: from Pantanal to Amazonia / Marcos Antonio Soares, Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim. organizers. Belém : MPEG, 2017. 288 p.: il. (Coleção Adolpho Ducke) ISBN 978-85-61377-93-9 1. Natural resources – Brazil - Pantanal. 2. Amazonia. I. Soares, Marcos Antonio. II. Jardim, Mário Augusto Gonçalves. CDD 333.72098115 © Copyright por/by Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 2017. Todos os direitos reservados. A reprodução não autorizada desta publicação, no todo ou em parte, constitui violação dos direitos autorais (Lei nº 9.610). -
Plant Diagnostic Clinic 2018
PLANT DIAGNOSTIC CLINIC 2018 Ann Hazelrigg, Ph.D. – PDC Director Gabriella Maia, M.S. – Assistant Diagnostician Following report contains a summary of the samples submitted to the Plant Diagnostic Clinic from 01-Jan-2018 through 12/31/2018. A total of 334 sample(s) have been processed during this time period. The following diagnosticians were involved in The following Advisory Consultants provided advice processing samples for the laboratory from 01-Jan- for the laboratory from 01-Jan-2018 through 31-Dec- 2018 through 31-Dec-2018. 2018. This section reports samples from all the statuses. Each This section reports samples from all the statuses. Each sample may involve one or more diagnosticians. Hence, sample may involve one or more advisory consultants. this section may not represent the total number of samples Hence, this section may not represent the total number of processed during this time period. samples processed during this time period. Margaret Skinner, processed 1 sample(s). Agdia ListServe, gave advice for 1 sample(s). Extension Master Gardener, processed 2 sample(s). Erica Cummings, gave advice for 1 sample(s). Lisa Chouinard, processed 1 sample(s). Great Lakes Veg ListServ, gave advice for 1 sample(s). Gabriella Maia, processed 268 sample(s). Margaret Skinner, gave advice for 11 sample(s). Ann Hazelrigg, processed 303 sample(s). Mark Starrett, gave advice for 4 sample(s). Meg T. McGrath, gave advice for 1 sample(s). Michael Sundue, gave advice for 2 sample(s). Robert Wick, gave advice for 1 sample(s). Sid Bosworth, gave advice for 1 sample(s). Terry Bradshaw, gave advice for 2 sample(s). -
Vascular Flora of the Liebre Mountains, Western Transverse Ranges, California Steve Boyd Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 18 | Issue 2 Article 15 1999 Vascular flora of the Liebre Mountains, western Transverse Ranges, California Steve Boyd Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Boyd, Steve (1999) "Vascular flora of the Liebre Mountains, western Transverse Ranges, California," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 18: Iss. 2, Article 15. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol18/iss2/15 Aliso, 18(2), pp. 93-139 © 1999, by The Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711-3157 VASCULAR FLORA OF THE LIEBRE MOUNTAINS, WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES, CALIFORNIA STEVE BOYD Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 N. College Avenue Claremont, Calif. 91711 ABSTRACT The Liebre Mountains form a discrete unit of the Transverse Ranges of southern California. Geo graphically, the range is transitional to the San Gabriel Mountains, Inner Coast Ranges, Tehachapi Mountains, and Mojave Desert. A total of 1010 vascular plant taxa was recorded from the range, representing 104 families and 400 genera. The ratio of native vs. nonnative elements of the flora is 4:1, similar to that documented in other areas of cismontane southern California. The range is note worthy for the diversity of Quercus and oak-dominated vegetation. A total of 32 sensitive plant taxa (rare, threatened or endangered) was recorded from the range. Key words: Liebre Mountains, Transverse Ranges, southern California, flora, sensitive plants. INTRODUCTION belt and Peirson's (1935) handbook of trees and shrubs. Published documentation of the San Bernar The Transverse Ranges are one of southern Califor dino Mountains is little better, limited to Parish's nia's most prominent physiographic features. -
The Fallen-Letter Beetle, a Red Weevil, Alas the Wrong Colour, Nevertheless It Gave Me an Important Clue: the Family Attelabidae (Leaf-Roller Weevils)
Volume 19 • December 2011 23 TThhee ffaalllleenn--lleetttteerr bbeeeettllee by Maria Fremlin Back in early May 2009 I was hiking in a forest with my family when I spotted some neatly rolled leaves on the ground. At first, considering that we were in Japan, the land of origami, I thought that they were the work of someone rather fidgety. But, as they kept cropping up and all looked very similar (Figure 1a & 1b) my curiosity got the better of me and I decided to investigate. Figure 1a & 1b - Leaf-rolls. Chiba Peninsula, Honshu Island, Japan. Photo taken on 13.05.2009. 24 The Bug Club Magazine The first step was to see what was inside. As the leaves were very fresh I had no trouble unrolling one and was rewarded with a lovely yellow egg suspended by a thread at the very tip of it (Figure 2); after that I could not resist keeping some to see the final results. Figure 2 - Underside of an unrolled leaf and the egg, inset. Note the regular notches along the midrib (one is arrowed); they make it easier to roll. And in less than three weeks out popped some rather fetching little beetles, leaving behind neat emergence holes on the rolled leaves (Figures 3-4). Some had more than one hole; remarkably the larvae ate very little. TTuurrnn tthhee ppaaggee ttoo sseeee tthhee bbeeeettlleess Volume 19 • December 2011 25 Figure 3 - Freshly emerged beetle, ~ 7 mm. Photo taken on 30.05.2009. The next challenge was to find out what they were and for that I did some searching in the Internet. -
A Guide to Arthropods Bandelier National Monument
A Guide to Arthropods Bandelier National Monument Top left: Melanoplus akinus Top right: Vanessa cardui Bottom left: Elodes sp. Bottom right: Wolf Spider (Family Lycosidae) by David Lightfoot Compiled by Theresa Murphy Nov 2012 In collaboration with Collin Haffey, Craig Allen, David Lightfoot, Sandra Brantley and Kay Beeley WHAT ARE ARTHROPODS? And why are they important? What’s the difference between Arthropods and Insects? Most of this guide is comprised of insects. These are animals that have three body segments- head, thorax, and abdomen, three pairs of legs, and usually have wings, although there are several wingless forms of insects. Insects are of the Class Insecta and they make up the largest class of the phylum called Arthropoda (arthropods). However, the phylum Arthopoda includes other groups as well including Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, shrimps, barnacles, etc.), Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes, etc.) and Arachnida (scorpions, king crabs, spiders, mites, ticks, etc.). Arthropods including insects and all other animals in this phylum are characterized as animals with a tough outer exoskeleton or body-shell and flexible jointed limbs that allow the animal to move. Although this guide is comprised mostly of insects, some members of the Myriapoda and Arachnida can also be found here. Remember they are all arthropods but only some of them are true ‘insects’. Entomologist - A scientist who focuses on the study of insects! What’s bugging entomologists? Although we tend to call all insects ‘bugs’ according to entomology a ‘true bug’ must be of the Order Hemiptera. So what exactly makes an insect a bug? Insects in the order Hemiptera have sucking, beak-like mouthparts, which are tucked under their “chin” when Metallic Green Bee (Agapostemon sp.) not in use. -
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS THAILAND January 2007 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/32E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department Overview of forest pests – Thailand DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in Thailand. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). ii Overview of forest pests – Thailand TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests...................................................................................................................... 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases.................................................................................................................. -
Direct and Indirect Effects of Serpentine Soil on Florivores and Pollinators
Oecologia (2013) 173:1355–1366 DOI 10.1007/s00442-013-2711-y PLANT-MICROBE-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS - ORIGINAL RESEARCH Edaphic factors and plant–insect interactions: direct and indirect effects of serpentine soil on florivores and pollinators George A. Meindl · Daniel J. Bain · Tia‑Lynn Ashman Received: 31 January 2013 / Accepted: 6 June 2013 / Published online: 10 July 2013 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Edaphic factors can lead to differences in plant florivores relative to non-serpentine plants. In experimental morphology and tissue chemistry. However, whether these arrays, soil environment did not influence pollinator visita- differences result in altered plant–insect interactions for tion (though larger flowers were visited more frequently), soil-generalist plants is less understood. We present evi- but did alter florivore damage, with serpentine-grown plants dence that soil chemistry can alter plant–insect interactions receiving less damage. Our results demonstrate that the soil both directly, through chemical composition of plant tissue, environment can directly and indirectly affect plant–mutu- and indirectly, through plant morphology, for serpentine- alist and plant–antagonist interactions of serpentine-toler- tolerant Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae). First, we scored ant plants by altering flower chemistry and floral display. floral display (corolla width, number of open flowers per inflorescence, and inflorescence height), flower chemistry, Keywords Serpentine · Soil chemistry · Pollination · pollinator visitation -
Host Specificity of the Parasitic Wasp Anaphes Flavipes
insects Article Host Specificity of the Parasitic Wasp Anaphes flavipes (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and a New Defence in Its Hosts (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Oulema spp.) Alena Samková 1,2,*, Jiˇrí Hadrava 2,3 , Jiˇrí Skuhrovec 4 and Petr Janšta 2 1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6—Suchdol, Czech Republic 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viniˇcná 7, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (P.J.) 3 Institute of Entomology, Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 Ceskˇ é Budˇejovice,Czech Republic 4 Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ-161 06 Praha 6—Ruzynˇe,Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-607-228-572 Received: 17 January 2020; Accepted: 8 March 2020; Published: 10 March 2020 Abstract: The parasitic wasp Anaphes flavipes (Förster, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is an important egg parasitoid of cereal leaf beetles. Some species of cereal leaf beetle co-occur in the same localities, but the host specificity of the wasp to these crop pests has not yet been examined in detail. A lack of knowledge of host specificity can have a negative effect on the use of this wasps in biological control programs addressed to specific pest species or genus. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the host specificity of A. flavipes for three species of cereal leaf beetles (Oulema duftschmidi Redtenbacher, 1874, Oulema gallaeciana Heyden, 1879 and Oulema melanopus Linnaeus, 1758) in central Europe.