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Grammatical Gender in Hindukush Languages
Grammatical gender in Hindukush languages An areal-typological study Julia Lautin Department of Linguistics Independent Project for the Degree of Bachelor 15 HEC General linguistics Bachelor's programme in Linguistics Spring term 2016 Supervisor: Henrik Liljegren Examinator: Bernhard Wälchli Expert reviewer: Emil Perder Project affiliation: “Language contact and relatedness in the Hindukush Region,” a research project supported by the Swedish Research Council (421-2014-631) Grammatical gender in Hindukush languages An areal-typological study Julia Lautin Abstract In the mountainous area of the Greater Hindukush in northern Pakistan, north-western Afghanistan and Kashmir, some fifty languages from six different genera are spoken. The languages are at the same time innovative and archaic, and are of great interest for areal-typological research. This study investigates grammatical gender in a 12-language sample in the area from an areal-typological perspective. The results show some intriguing features, including unexpected loss of gender, languages that have developed a gender system based on the semantic category of animacy, and languages where this animacy distinction is present parallel to the inherited gender system based on a masculine/feminine distinction found in many Indo-Aryan languages. Keywords Grammatical gender, areal-typology, Hindukush, animacy, nominal categories Grammatiskt genus i Hindukush-språk En areal-typologisk studie Julia Lautin Sammanfattning I den här studien undersöks grammatiskt genus i ett antal språk som talas i ett bergsområde beläget i norra Pakistan, nordvästra Afghanistan och Kashmir. I området, här kallat Greater Hindukush, talas omkring 50 olika språk från sex olika språkfamiljer. Det stora antalet språk tillsammans med den otillgängliga terrängen har gjort att språken är arkaiska i vissa hänseenden och innovativa i andra, vilket gör det till ett intressant område för arealtypologisk forskning. -
(And Potential) Language and Linguistic Resources on South Asian Languages
CoRSAL Symposium, University of North Texas, November 17, 2017 Existing (and Potential) Language and Linguistic Resources on South Asian Languages Elena Bashir, The University of Chicago Resources or published lists outside of South Asia Digital Dictionaries of South Asia in Digital South Asia Library (dsal), at the University of Chicago. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/ . Some, mostly older, not under copyright dictionaries. No corpora. Digital Media Archive at University of Chicago https://dma.uchicago.edu/about/about-digital-media-archive Hock & Bashir (eds.) 2016 appendix. Lists 9 electronic corpora, 6 of which are on Sanskrit. The 3 non-Sanskrit entries are: (1) the EMILLE corpus, (2) the Nepali national corpus, and (3) the LDC-IL — Linguistic Data Consortium for Indian Languages Focus on Pakistan Urdu Most work has been done on Urdu, prioritized at government institutions like the Center for Language Engineering at the University of Engineering and Technology in Lahore (CLE). Text corpora: http://cle.org.pk/clestore/index.htm (largest is a 1 million word Urdu corpus from the Urdu Digest. Work on Essential Urdu Linguistic Resources: http://www.cle.org.pk/eulr/ Tagset for Urdu corpus: http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2014/The%20CLE%20Urdu%20POS%20Tagset.pdf Urdu OCR: http://cle.org.pk/clestore/urduocr.htm Sindhi Sindhi is the medium of education in some schools in Sindh Has more institutional backing and consequent research than other languages, especially Panjabi. Sindhi-English dictionary developed jointly by Jennifer Cole at the University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign and Sarmad Hussain at CLE (http://182.180.102.251:8081/sed1/homepage.aspx). -
Sofya Dmitrieva Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nasal-Infixed Presents and Their Collateral
Sofya Dmitrieva Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nasal-infixed presents and their collateral aorists in Homeric Greek1 The process of formation of the Greek verbal paradigm is closely related to secondary affixation: new presents are built on present and non-present stems, modifying the grammatical semantics of primary roots (Kuryłowicz 1964). The paper analyses the uses of the Greek verbs derived from the IE present stems of the type R(C1C2)-né/n-R(C3)- or R(C1)-né/n-R(C2)- (LIV) and their collateral aoristic formations attested in the Homeric poems. Indo-European nasal-infixed presents are known to be connected with transitivisation (Meiser 1993; Sihler 1995; Shatskov 2016). It has also been observed that Greek n-infix verbs, along with higher degree of transitivity, demonstrate higher degree of telicity in comparison with the corresponding verbs of the same roots without the nasal infix. This feature had been mentioned in earlier studies, particularly concerning the nasal presents in -ανω (Vendryes 1923; Chantraine 1961), and was recently addressed with regard to other Greek n-presents (Dmitrieva 2017). It should be considered that lexical aspect played a significant role in the earlier periods of Ancient Greek (Moser 2017). Imperfects from telic verbs can often express perfective meaning; the employment of imperfectives "pro perfective" has been discussed in the studies dealing with Homeric aspect. (Napoli 2006: 191). Some nasal preterits could even formally be interpreted either as imperfects or aorists (e.g. ὄρινε, ἔκλινε). These conditions provide a good opportunity to investigate how nasal imperfects correspond with the aorists built to the same roots, taking into account the distribution of usages, structure and completeness of verbal paradigm. -
Analysis of Annual Cbunci1
Analysis ofAnnual Cbunci1 The (burch and the \Xar in Lebanon A QuarterlyJournal of theAssociation ofAdventist fununs VolumeS, Number2 Reviews of Ronald Numbers' Book ' By Schwarz, G ,the White F5ttte Ana Others, Plus hers'Response SPECTRUM EDITORIAL BOARD Ottilie Stafford Richard Emmerson Margaret McFarland Alvin L. Kwiram, Chairman South Lancaster, Massachusetts College Place, Washington Ann Arbor, Michigan Seattle, Washington EDITORS Helen Evans La Vonne Neff Roy Branson Keene, Texas College Place, Washington Roy Branson Washington, D.C. Charles Scriven Judy Folkenberg Ronald Numbers Molleurus Couperus Washington, D.C. Madison, Wisconsin Lorna Linda, California CONSULTING Lawrence Geraty Edward E. Robinson Tom Dybdahl Berrien Springs, Michigan Chicago, Illinois Takoma Park, Maryland EDITORS Fritz Guy Gerhard Svrcek-Seiler Gary Land Kjeld' Andersen Berrien Springs, Michigan Lystrup, Denmark Riverside, California Vienna, Austria Roberta J. Moore Eric Anderson J orgen Henriksen Betty Stirling Riverside, California Angwin, California North Reading, Massachusetts Washington, D.C. Charles Scriven Raymond Cottrell Eric A. Magnusson L. E. Trader St. Helena, California Washington, D.C. Cooranbong, Australia Darmstadt, Germany Association of Adventist Forums EXECUTIVE Of Finance Regional Co-ordinator Rudy Bata COMMITTEE Ronald D. Cople David Claridge Rocky Mount, North Carolina Silver Spring, Maryland Rockville, Maryland President Grant N. Mitchell Glenn E. Coe Of International Affairs Systems Consultant Fresno, California West Hartford, Connecticut William Carey Molleurus Couperus Lanny H. Fisk Lorna Linda, California Silver Spring, Maryland Vice President Walla Walla, Washington Leslie H. Pitton, Jr. Of Outreach Systems Manager Reading, Pennsylvania Karen Shea Joseph Mesar Don McNeill Berrien Springs, Michigan Executive Secretary Boston, Massachusetts Spencerville, Maryland Viveca Black Stan Aufdemberg Treasurer Arlington, Virginia STAFF Lorna Linda, California Administrative Secretary Richard C. -
Animals Liberation Philosophy and Policy Journal Volume 5, Issue 2
AAnniimmaallss LLiibbeerraattiioonn PPhhiilloossoopphhyy aanndd PPoolliiccyy JJoouurrnnaall VVoolluummee 55,, IIssssuuee 22 -- 22000077 Animal Liberation Philosophy and Policy Journal Volume 5, Issue 2 2007 Edited By: Steven Best, Chief Editor ____________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Lev Tolstoy and the Freedom to Choose One’s Own Path Andrea Rossing McDowell Pg. 2-28 Jewish Ethics and Nonhuman Animals Lisa Kemmerer Pg. 29-47 Deliberative Democracy, Direct Action, and Animal Advocacy Stephen D’Arcy Pg. 48-63 Should Anti-Vivisectionists Boycott Animal-Tested Medicines? Katherine Perlo Pg. 64-78 A Note on Pedagogy: Humane Education Making a Difference Piers Bierne and Meena Alagappan Pg. 79-94 BOOK REVIEWS _________________ Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal, by Eric Schlosser (2005) Reviewed by Lisa Kemmerer Pg. 95-101 Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust, by Charles Patterson (2002) Reviewed by Steven Best Pg. 102-118 The Longest Struggle: Animal Advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA, by Norm Phelps (2007) Reviewed by Steven Best Pg. 119-130 Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume V, Issue 2, 2007 Lev Tolstoy and the Freedom to Choose One’s Own Path Andrea Rossing McDowell, PhD It is difficult to be sat on all day, every day, by some other creature, without forming an opinion about them. On the other hand, it is perfectly possible to sit all day every day, on top of another creature and not have the slightest thought about them whatsoever. -- Douglas Adams, Dirk Gently’s Holistic Detective Agency (1988) Committed to the idea that the lives of humans and animals are inextricably linked, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828–1910) promoted—through literature, essays, and letters—the animal world as another venue in which to practice concern and kindness, consequently leading to more peaceful, consonant human relations. -
The Sexual Politics of Meat by Carol J. Adams
THE SEXUAL POLITICS OF MEAT A FEMINISTVEGETARIAN CRITICAL THEORY Praise for The Sexual Politics of Meat and Carol J. Adams “A clearheaded scholar joins the ideas of two movements—vegetari- anism and feminism—and turns them into a single coherent and moral theory. Her argument is rational and persuasive. New ground—whole acres of it—is broken by Adams.” —Colman McCarthy, Washington Post Book World “Th e Sexual Politics of Meat examines the historical, gender, race, and class implications of meat culture, and makes the links between the prac tice of butchering/eating animals and the maintenance of male domi nance. Read this powerful new book and you may well become a vegetarian.” —Ms. “Adams’s work will almost surely become a ‘bible’ for feminist and pro gressive animal rights activists. Depiction of animal exploita- tion as one manifestation of a brutal patriarchal culture has been explored in two [of her] books, Th e Sexual Politics of Meat and Neither Man nor Beast: Feminism and the Defense of Animals. Adams argues that factory farming is part of a whole culture of oppression and insti- tutionalized violence. Th e treatment of animals as objects is parallel to and associated with patriarchal society’s objectifi cation of women, blacks, and other minorities in order to routinely exploit them. Adams excels in constructing unexpected juxtapositions by using the language of one kind of relationship to illuminate another. Employing poetic rather than rhetorical techniques, Adams makes powerful connec- tions that encourage readers to draw their own conclusions.” —Choice “A dynamic contribution toward creating a feminist/animal rights theory.” —Animals’ Agenda “A cohesive, passionate case linking meat-eating to the oppression of animals and women . -
Folkloristic Understandings of Nation-Building in Pakistan
Folkloristic Understandings of Nation-Building in Pakistan Ideas, Issues and Questions of Nation-Building in Pakistan Research Cooperation between the Hanns Seidel Foundation Pakistan and the Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Islamabad, 2020 Folkloristic Understandings of Nation-Building in Pakistan Edited by Sarah Holz Ideas, Issues and Questions of Nation-Building in Pakistan Research Cooperation between Hanns Seidel Foundation, Islamabad Office and Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan Acknowledgements Thank you to Hanns Seidel Foundation, Islamabad Office for the generous and continued support for empirical research in Pakistan, in particular: Kristóf Duwaerts, Omer Ali, Sumaira Ihsan, Aisha Farzana and Ahsen Masood. This volume would not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of a large number of people. Sara Gurchani, who worked as the research assistant of the collaboration in 2018 and 2019, provided invaluable administrative, organisational and editorial support for this endeavour. A big thank you the HSF grant holders of 2018 who were not only doing their own work but who were also actively engaged in the organisation of the international workshop and the lecture series: Ibrahim Ahmed, Fateh Ali, Babar Rahman and in particular Adil Pasha and Mohsinullah. Thank you to all the support staff who were working behind the scenes to ensure a smooth functioning of all events. A special thanks goes to Shafaq Shafique and Muhammad Latif sahib who handled most of the coordination. Thank you, Usman Shah for the copy editing. The research collaboration would not be possible without the work of the QAU faculty members in the year 2018, Dr. Saadia Abid, Dr. -
Quaker Newsletter
Ninth Month, 2017 QUAKER NEWSLETTER GAINESVILLE MONTHLY MEETING OF THE RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS 702 NW 38th Street, Gainesville, FL 32607; (352) 372-1070 www.gainesvillequakers.org Sandy Lyon, clerk A man's life is dyed the color of his imagination. Marcus Aurelius (121-180 CE) Hold in the Light: Hap Taylor, Anne and Phil Haisley, Connie and Tim Ray, Arnold and Amy Von der Porten. Calendar of Events: (online at www.gainesvillequakers.org) Every Sunday: 11:00 am Meeting for Worship; 11:15 am First Day School Every Monday: 5:30 pm Yoga with Gary — Begins on September 11 Every Monday: 7:30 pm Candlelight Witness at Bo Diddley Plaza Sunday, September 3 9:30 am Library committee 9:30 am Meetinghouse committee Tuesday, September 5 11:30 am Friendly Lunch - at the Meeting House Sunday, September 10 12:45 pm Meeting for Worship for Business Sunday, September 17 12:45 pm Earthcare Witness Committee Wednesday, September 20 Deadline for newsletter items. Email to Bonnie Zimmer at [email protected] Sunday, September 24 9:40 am Peace and Social Concerns Committee 1:00 pm Bible Study Friends are reminded that it is the responsibility of the entire community to assist with cleaning up the kitchen area after the social hour. News from Pride Community Center The Center will be celebrating 10 years at the current location on Friday, September 22, 2017, with a party. We received a thank you for our support over the years. The 2017 Pride Festival will be October 21, 2017. As usual, we will have a presence at the Festival and an advertisement in the Guide. -
Litigating the Lash: Quaker Emancipator Robert Pleasants, the Law
LITIGATING THE LASH: QUAKER EMANCIPATOR ROBERT PLEASANTS, THE LAW OF SLAVERY, AND THE MEANING OF MANUMISSION IN REVOLUTIONARY AND EARLY NATIONAL VIRGINIA By William Fernandez Hardin Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History May, 2013 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Richard J.M. Blackett David L. Carlton Daniel J. Sharfstein Daniel H. Usner Copyright © by William Fernandez Hardin All Rights Reserved To Jessica, for loving a grumpy man, and to Ainsley, for making him less grumpy. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the Virginia Historical Society and the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg for their support in the research of this dissertation—both collections proved invaluable and the staff helped a fledging graduate student navigate unfamiliar terrain. I would also like to thank the Folger Institute’s Center for the History of British Political Thought in Washington D.C. and my fellow participants in the “Changing Conceptions of Property” seminar for the opportunity to spend a summer discussing the relationship between English property law and colonial governance. I would also like to thank the Vanderbilt history department for its generous support. It has been a pleasure to learn the craft from such a distinguished group of historians. Professors Michael Bess, Bill Caferro, Katie Crawford, Dennis Dickerson, and Elizabeth Lunbeck, each—in vastly different ways—helped me discover new ways of considering the past and the people who lived there and I thank them for it. I would also like to thank the Vanderbilt Americanist Works-in-Progress Seminar for graciously allowing me to present my work and the invaluable comments and critiques provided. -
Persian Language
v course reference persian language r e f e r e n c e زبان فارسی The Persian Language 1 PERSIAN OR FARSI? In the U.S., the official language of Iran is language courses in “Farsi,” universities and sometimes called “Farsi,” but sometimes it is scholars prefer the historically correct term called “Persian.” Whereas U.S. government “Persian.” The term “Farsi” is better reserved organizations have traditionally developed for the dialect of Persian used in Iran. 2 course reference AN INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE Persian is a member of the Indo-European Persian has three major dialects: Farsi, language family, which is the largest in the the official language of Iran, spoken by 50 world. percent of the population; Dari, spoken mostly in Afghanistan, and Tajiki, spoken Persian falls under the Indo-Iranian branch, in Tajikistan. Other languages in Iran are comprising languages spoken primarily Arabic, New Aramaic, Armenian, Georgian in Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, India, and Turkic dialects such as Azerbaidjani, Bangladesh, areas of Turkey and Iraq, and Khalaj, Turkemenian and Qashqa”i. some of the former Soviet Union. INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES GERMANIC INDO-IRANIAN HELLENIC CELTIC ITALIC BALTO-SLAVIC Polish Russin Indic Greek Serbo-Crotin North Germnic Ltin Irnin Mnx Irish Welsh Old Norse Swedish Scottish Avestn Old Persin Icelndic Norwegin French Spnish Portuguese Itlin Middle Persin West Germnic Snskrit Rumnin Ctln Frsi Kurdish Bengli Urdu Gujrti Hindi Old High Germn Old Dutch Anglo-Frisin Middle High Germn Middle Dutch Old Frisin Old English Germn Flemish Dutch Afrikns Frisin Middle English Yiddish Modern English vi v Persian Language 3 ALPHABET: FROM PAHLAVI TO ARABIC History tells us that Iranians used the Pahlavi Unlike English, Persian is written from right writing system prior to the 7th Century. -
Sambahsa Mundialect Complete Grammar
Sambahsa Mundialect Complete Grammar Henrique Matheus da Silva Lima Revision: Dr. Olivier Simon Version: !.!9.! IMPORTANT NOTES ABOUT LEGAL ISSUES This grammar is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 license. You are free to: Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. You must give appropriate credit, provide a lin to the license, and indicate if changes !ere made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any !ay that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. "ere is the lin for more information# https#$$creativecommons.org$licenses$by$4.0$deed.en %or the elaboration of this grammar, The Grammar Of Sambahsa-Mundialect In English by &r. 'livier (imon !as used. (ome subchapters of this grammar are practically a transcription of 'livier)s book. &r. (imon has given me permission to do so, even considering the license of this book. *)ve also utilized many examples from The Grammar Of Sambahsa-Mundialect In English and others that Dr. Simon made for me. *t)s very important to inform the reader that the language it!elf ! not under a "reat #e "o$$on! l %en!e or anyth ng l ke that, the language is under the traditional Copyright license in !hich &r. 'livier (imon has all property rights. But the language ! free, you can translate your !orks or produce original !orks !ithout the need of &r. -
The Green Protein Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE GREEN PROTEIN REPORT: MEETING NEW ZEALAND’S CLIMATE CHANGE TARGETS BY 2030 THROUGH REDUCED RELIANCE ON ANIMAL AGRICULTURE THE GREEN PROTEIN REPORT 2020 1 THE GREEN PROTEIN REPORT: MEETING NEW ZEALAND’S CLIMATE CHANGE TARGETS BY 2030 THROUGH REDUCED RELIANCE ON ANIMAL AGRICULTURE ISBN: XXXXXX MARCH 2020 Authored by: Jasmijn de Boo, BSc (Hons), MSc, DipEd, MRSB Prof. Andrew Knight, BSc (Vet Biol), BVMS, MANZCVS, DipECAWBM (AWSEL), DipACAW, PhD, FRCVS, SFHEA PO Box 78111, Grey Lynn, Auckland 1245 Contributions from Michal Klar, Nichola Kriek and Jennifer Riley. New Zealand Designed by Chelsa Sinclair Email: [email protected] Photo credit: Farmwatch www.vegansociety.org.nz 2 THE GREEN PROTEIN REPORT 2020 ABOUT THE VEGAN SOCIETY AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND The Vegan Society of Aotearoa New Zealand supports and helps to facilitate a vegan lifestyle and plant-based eating. We do this by creating a vibrant, visible and influential community, and by providing resources and information. As a national charity we are the voice of veganism in New Zealand, with a strong media and social media presence. Our goal is to grow veganism in New Zealand by making it easy and desirable. We educate Kiwis about veganism and promote vegan education elsewhere. We encourage the availability of vegan options in institutions such as schools, hospitals and other public facilities throughout the country. We are increasing and supporting business activity around veganism with our Business Membership Scheme, the introduction of New Zealand Vegan Certification and through our Vegan Food Awards, which recognise excellence in the vegan food industry. We also provide a nationwide community support network for vegans and those progressing toward veganism.