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IOC Workshop on the Technical Aspects of Tsunami Warning Systems, Tsunami Analysis, Preparedness, Observation and Instrumentatio Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Workshop Report No. 58 - Supplement n Second International Tsunami Workshop on the Technical Aspects of Tsunami Warning Systems, Tsunami Analysis, Preparedness, Observation and Instrumentation Novosibirsk, USSR, 4-5August 1989 Submitted Papers UNESCO IOC Workshop Reports The Scientific Workshops of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission are sometimes jointly sponsored with other Intergovernmental or non-governmental bodies. In most cases, IOC assumes responsibility for printing, and copies may be requested from: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission UNESCO Place de Fontenoy, 75700 Paris, France.- No. L.w.0.r No. 1 E(outd8k-d) 21 22 2 E(outd8k-d) 23 S(outd8k-d) 24 3 E. F. S(outdW) 25 45 46 8 47 4a 7 E E(outdW) S UI E(outdW) 31 E. F. S 50 32 E. F, S E. F. S. R 51 E 52 11 E 53 suppl. 51 34 EF,S 56 12 E, F. S 58 35 E 13 E. S 57 58 14 EF 38 E E 15 E 18 17 E 17 E 39 E SLppl. 18 E E 19 20 E PREFACE The Second Workshop on the Technical Aspects of Tsunami Warning Systems, Tsunami Analysis, Preparedness, Observation, and Instrumentation, sponsored and convened by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC),was held on 1-2 August 1989, in the modern and attractive research town of Academgorodok, which is located 20 km south from downtown Novosibirsk, the capital of Siberia, USSR. The USSR Academy of Sciences and the Computing Center of its Siberian Division, hosted the TSUNAMI 89 Conference and this Second International Tsunami Workshop. The First International Tsunami Workshop on the Technical Aspects of Tsunami Analyses, Prediction and Communications,was held in 1985 at the Institute of Ocean Sciences in Sidney, British Colombia, Canada. Four years elapsed since the First International Tsunami Workshop. During this time interval, the technology in communications,computer hardware and software, and instrumentation has greatly changed. Therefore,the purpose of the Second International Tsunami Workshop was to bridge the gap of four years of independent developments in I the Tsunami Warning System and to bring together tsunami specialists from different countries to improve their knowledge of the tsunami phenomenon and to help find practical solutions to the improvement of Tsunami Warning System for the mitigation of the tsunami hazard. As with the first Workshop, the second Workshop was held right after the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)Tsunami Conference, and just prior to the XI1 Session of the International Coordination Group for the Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific (ICGATSU), as to maximize participation and minimize costs. Because of the collocation of these meetings, attendance at the Tsunami Workshop was excellent. Approximately 100 people from fourteen countries participated to make the Second Tsunami 89 Conference and the International Tsunami Workshop a great success. The International Tsunami Information Center (ITIC), in close consultation with the IOC Secretariat and the Chairman of ICGATSU, developed a curriculum for the training of officials involved in the Tsunami Warning System as this is an important part of the overall educational requirements of ITSU member countries. These officials are, in turn, responsible for operational improvements in their own countries and for a program of general public education. In accordance to these guidelines, ITlC developed the program of the Second Tsunami Workshop and invited lecturers. Thus, all presentations made at the Workshop were by invitation. i The Program was arranged in eight major areas of interest covering the following: Opening and Introduction; Survey of Existing Tsunami Warning Centers - present status, results of work, plans for future development: Survey of some existing seismic data processing systems and future projects: Methods for fast evaluation of Tsunaml potential and perspectives of their implementation; Tsunami data bases; Tsunami instrumentation and observations: Tsunami preparedness; and finally, a general discussion and adoption of recommendations. A total of 29 presentations were made. Six presentations were deleted from the original program as the lecturers were unable to attend. Three new presentations not included In the original program were given. These were on the "Tsunami Watch and Warning in Fiji," by G. Prasad, the "Tsunami Threat in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea," by S. Tinti, and on the "Development of Numerical Simulation of Tsunami Waves at the Computing Center at Krasnoyarsk," by Yu.1. Shokin, L.B. Chubarov, V.A. Novikov, A.N. Sudakov and K.V. Simonov. The Workshop presentations not only addressed the conceptual improvements that I have been made, but focused on the inner workings of the Tsunami Warning System, as I well, including computer applications, on-line processing and numerical modelling. Furthermore, presentations reported on progress has been made in the last few years on data telemetry, instrumentation and communications. Emphasis was placed on new concepts and their application into operational techniques that can result in improvements in data collection, rapid processing of the data, in analysis and prediction. The Workshop was concluded with a general discussion and evaluation of its I significance for future direction. A total of three recommendations were drafted, discussed and adopted, dealing with needed cooperation between international organizations, such as IUGG Tsunami Commission and IOC/ITSU;the need for cooperation between ITSU and the Federation of Digital Broadband Seismograph Networks (FDBSN) for support of the Tsunami Warning System; and finally, with the establishment of Tsunami Warning Systems in other regions exposed to this natural disaster. ii A Summary Report on the Second International Tsunami Workshop, containing abstracted and annotated proceedings has been published as a separate report. The present Report is a Supplement to the Summary Report and contains the full text of the papers presented at this Workshop. George Pararas-Carayannis Workshop Chairman Editor of the Proceedings iii TABLEOFCOMENTS eaaa PREFACE i 1. IMERNATIONALCOOPERATION IN THE FIELD OFTSUNAMI RESEARCH AND WARNING (G.Pararas-Carayannis) 1 2. SURVEY OF EXISTING TSUNAMI WARNING CENTERS - PRESENT STATUS,RESULTS OF WORK,PLANS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (G.Burton) 7 Hawaii Regional Tsunami Warning Center (G.Burton) 13 The Tsunami Warning Center in Alaska (T.Sokolowski) 18 Japan Tsunami Warning System (N.Hamada) 37 Tsunami Warning System in the USSR (B.Kouznetsov) 39 French Polynesia Tsunami Warning Center (CPPT)(J.Talandier) 44 Late Improvements of Chile Tsunami Warning System (E.Lorca) 6 . 68 Tsunami Watch and Warning in Fiji (G.Prasad) 82 ' 3. SURVEY OF SOME MISTING SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING SYSTEhS AND FUTURE PROJECTS Seismic Data Processing in the NElC and Plans for the New U.S. 1. National Seismic Network (J.Dewey) 89 POSEIDON Project - Its Application to the Better Understanding of the Nature of lnterplate Earthquakes (R.Geller) 99 4. METHODSFORFASTEVAWAT~ONOFTSUNAMIPO~AND PERSPECTIVES OFTHEIR IMPLEMENTATION Earthquake Prediction (G.Pararas-Carayannls) 111 M,: A Variable-Period Mantle Magnitude (E.Okal, J.Talandier) 126 On the Feasibility of New Tsunami Warning System by Measuring the Low Frequency T Phase (S.-Llwasaki) 151 Application of New Numerical Methods for Near-Real Time Tsunami Height Prediction (VGusiakov, An.Marchuk, V.Titov) 162 V I '\ '\ The Goals and Efficiency of the Automated Tsunami Warning System Project in the Far East of the USSR (I.Kuzminykh, M.Malyshev, A.Metalnikov) 171 Integrated Warning System for Tsunami and Storm Surges in China (Y.Hu ating) 184 5. TSUNAMI DATA BASES An Automated Catalogue of Tsunamis Summary (A.Bobkov,C.Go, N.Zhigulina,K.Simonov) 195 Data Base for British Columbia Tsunami Warning System (T.Murty, W.Rapatz) 199 The Historical Approach to the Study of Tsunamis: Results of Recent United States Studies (J.Lander) 226 6. TSUNAMI INSTRUMENTATION AND OBSERVATIONS I A Program to Acquire Deep Ocean Tsunami Measurements in the North Pacific (FGontalez, E.Bernard, H.Milburn) 238 Tsunami Observations Using Ocean Bottom Pressure Gauge (M.Okada, M.Katsumata) 247 The Coastal Tsunami Warning Station "Mega" (G.Rybin) .' 255 TPC-1 Reuse and Global Seismology (J.Kasahara) 257 7. TSUNAMI PREPAREDNESS Tsunamis of the 21 st Century (G.Pararas-Carayannis) * 277 8. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 28 1 Vi 4. International Cooperation in the Field ofTsunami Research and Warning George Pararas-Carayannis International Tsunami Information Center Introduction Tsunami disasters have posed a major threat to the coastal populations of the Pacific and of inland seas. In the past four decades alone, tsunamis have been responsible for the loss of thousands of lives and of millions in property damage (Pararas-Carayannis,1982). Although advances have been made in our understanding of the tsunami phenomenon and we have established effective international cooperation in warning systems, these advances have been offset by population growth in the different countries particularly because of the development of the coastal zones. Thus, the tsunami risk and vulnerability of the people living in the coastal areas have increased and will continue to increase. More than ever, international cooperation is needed to mitigate the effects of the tsunami disaster. Recently, as most of you know, the United Nations passed a resolution designating the 1990's as the Decade, during which the international community will enhance cooperation
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