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GUJARATSTATE HIGHWAYS PROJECT: PHASE IIA

ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized OF THE UNAVA BYPASS E-228 VOL. 4

...... __.._....._._.______...._____. . .*.. Public Disclosure Authorized

Decmbe198j

Project Co-ordinating Consultancy Services A World Bank Project

Draft Final Report - Volume 2B

Preparedfor Public Disclosure Authorized TheGuiamt Govemfnent of ~~~~~~~N.D.Lea International Ltd. The Govemmentof ~~~~~~~~~~inassociation with Roads and Buildings DeparbTwnt Lea Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. i2 6 December4m 1998

Contents

Table of Contents List of Tables x List of Figures Xi

Executive Summary

1. Introduction 1-1 1.1. OVERVIEWOF GUJARATSTATE HIGHWAYSPROJECT 1-1 1.2. PREAMBLE 1-1 1.3. NEED OF STUDY 1-2 1.4. SCOPE 1-3 1.5. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1-3 1.6. AIM AND OBJECTIVES 1-3 1.7. METHODOLOGY 1-4 1.7.1. Selectionof projectalignment 1-5 1.7.2. Profile of baselineconditions 1-5 * Naturalenvironment 1 5 Socialenvironment 1-6 * Culturalenvironment 1-7 1.7.3. Prediction and evaluationof impacts 1-7 1.7.4. Environmentalmanagement plan (EMP) 1-7 1.7.5. Resettlementaction plan (RAP) 1-7 1.8. ABSTRACT . 1-8

2 INSTITUTIONALAND LEGALSETTING 2-1 2.1. INSTITUTIONALSETTING FOR HIGHWAYPROJECTS 2-1 2.1.1. Gaps and deficiencies 2-1 2.1.2. The EMU 2-1 2.1.3. Targets and tasks of the EMU 2-2 * Targets 2-2 * Tasks 2-2 2.1.4. The establishedEMU 2-3 * Establishment 2-3 a Technicalexperts and organisation 2-3 * The taskforce 2-3

Le Associates Gujarat State Highways Project: Phase IIA - Vol. I: Environmental Impact Assessment for tne Unava Bypass

* Functionsof the EA specialistand the R&Rspecialist in the EMU 2-3 2.2. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK 2-3 2.2.1. Natural environment 2-3 * Forest(conservation) act 2-3 * Environmentalimpact assessment notification 2-4 * Wildlife(protection) act --4 * Waterand air (preventionand controlof pollution)acts 2-4 * Motorvehicles act 2-4 * Policylevel inaclequacies 2-5 2.2.2. Socialenvironment 2-5 * Laws,regulations and policies 2-5 * Resettlementand rehabilitationprecedence 2-5 * Policydeficiences 2-6 * Entitlementframnework in Unava bypass project 2-6 2.2.3. Cultural environment 2-6 Laws.regulations and responsibilities 2-6 * Policyinadequacies 2-7 2.2.4. Managementand road constructionissues 2-7 i Equityand welfare provisions in the Unavabypass project 2-8 * Environmentalconservation provisions in the Unavabypass project 2-9 * Publicsafety and healthprovisions in Unavabypass project 2-11

3. Selection of alignment 3-1 3.1. INTRODUCTION 3-1 3.2. ALTERNATIVES 3-1 3.2.1. Alternative 1 3-1 3.2.2. AlternativeIt 3-1 3.2.3 Alternative III 3-2 3.2.4 Selectionof projectalternative 3-2 3.2.4 1. Selectionof criteria and paramelers 3-2 3.3. ALTERNATIVEI 3-5 3.3.1. Naturalenvironment 3-5 3.3.2. Social environment 3-5 3.3.3. Cultural environment 3-5 3.3.4. Critical areas 3-6 3.4. ALTERNATIVE11 3-6 3.4.1. Naturalenvironment 3-6 3.4.2 Social environment 3-6 3.4.3. Cultural environment 3-6 3.4.4. Critical areas 3-7 3.5. ALTERNATIVEIII 3-7

LeaAssociates

II~~*RD , Table of Contents

3.5.1. Natural environment 3-7 3.5.2. Social environment 3-7 3.5.3. Cultural environment 3-7 3.5.4. Critical areas 3-8 3.6. SELECTION OF FINAL ALIGNMENT 3-8 4. Project description 4-1 4 1. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY AREA 4-1 4.2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 4-1 4.2.1. Meteorology 4-1 * Climate 4-1 * Temperatureand humidity 4-3 * Rainfall 43 Wind 43 * Specialweather phenomenon 4-3 * Micro-meteorologyof the study area 4-3 4.2.2. Ambient air quality 4-4 * Selectionof samplinglocation 4-4 * Parametersmonitored 4-5 * Methodologyof sampling and analysis 4-5 * Resultsand discussions: 4-6 4.2.3. Water 4-9 * Hydroiogicalresources 4-9 * Rainfall 4-9 * Surfacewater 4-9 e Groundwater - 4-10 * Landformand drainage 4-11 4.2.4. Water quality 4-12 * Groundwater 4-12 * Surfacewater 4-12 * Methodologyof sampling of analysis 4-12 - *