An Introduction to Lifestyle Calculators: What Can They Do and Measure?

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Introduction to Lifestyle Calculators: What Can They Do and Measure? How can people better understand their environmental impacts? An introduction to lifestyle calculators: what can they do and measure? Daily in the media we see information on keep global warming within the 1.5C limit sustainable living and lifestyles. Now with (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, COVID19 there is likely to be increasing interest Aalto University and D-mat ltd. 20191). in what and how we consume to live better. With the range of calculators being promoted, Articles cover how people can eat, move, live how can people best navigate their use? To and travel better and lighter and some even help clarify, the UN One Planet Network’s offer tools to help decision making, like Consumer Information and Sustainable footprinting calculators. Lifestyles & Education Programmes, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) and UN Calculators can help people (and organizations Environment Programme developed this that work with people) understand lifestyle overview of: sustainability impacts. The assumption being that the information will lead to behaviour 1. the context of planetary boundaries, change. 2. how people make (sustainability) decisions, More accurate lifestyle calculators are being 3. a summary of available types of calculators, created in response to a growing recognition their strengths and weaknesses and that lifestyles decisions and consumption representative examples.2 patterns are crucial for our well-being and to 1 https://iges.or.jp/en/publication_documents/pub/technicalreport/en/6719/15_Degree_Lifestyles_MainReport.pdf 2 The text was drafted by these organizations and reviewed by the Sustainable Lifestyles and Education Programme’s Advisory Committee and experts within UNEP. Photo credit: Unsplash – Carli Jeen Introduction to planetary boundaries: what can the planet support? Lifestyle footprint calculators can contribute to boundaries – climate change, novel entities, keeping consumption within planetary stratospheric ozone depletion, atmospheric boundaries. The concept of planetary aerosol loading, ocean acidification, freshwater boundaries (Rockstrom et al. 20093) presents use, land-system change, biogeochemical flows, spaces within which humans can operate and biosphere integrity – and the graph below function and keep the Earth within optimum displays the nine boundaries and provides a conditions for life and health. Exceeding colour scale indication of humanity’s impact: planetary boundaries causes tipping points to showing that four of the planetary boundaries occur and runaway environmental changes have already been exceeded (Steffen et al. (ibid.), which are harmful to humans and 2015). biodiversity. There are nine planetary Image: Steffen et al. (2015)4 Sustainable levels of living are those which metrics used correlate enough to enable them to allow the human population to remain within show how far humanity overshoots consumption planetary boundaries. The concept of and the levels of reductions needed. An sustainable living also includes well-being, additional core challenge is that because of the which cover health and security and that variables across individuals and the contexts everyone can have their needs met - living within which they live around the globe, there is better and lighter. no one sustainable lifestyle. Although lifestyle footprint calculators do not cover all aspects of planetary boundaries, the 3 https://www.nature.com/articles/461472a 4 https://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/1259855 How do people make daily decisions? Most people do not wake up with the intention to currently it is a niche group. Even people who harm the environment, nor to help it. They get want to live more sustainably, overwhelmingly up, eat, get dressed, take their kids to school, do not have access to affordable and desirable go to work, care for families or study. Most products and services. People may also not people live their lives making decisions to meet receive or know where to look for reliable their needs and aspirations. sustainability information and may feel alone in acting and therefore powerless. The amount of stuff people have in many parts of the world has increased in the past half- This underscores that beyond people, it is up to century, while in other areas many people still governments and business to provide better struggle to meet basic needs. The future now sustainability information, and to support and depends on how people will choose to live, work develop an enabling environment, including and play and on how governments and business green infrastructure and policies, new business develop an enabling environment that allows models, as well as support for community everyone to live better within planetary groups and education for sustainable boundaries. development to make sustainable living a reality5. In general, people do not change behavior based on what they should do, on data and The figure below highlights influences and the statistics nor on negative future scenarios (fear). contexts that influence people’s decision- People act to fulfill needs and live aspirations making. Calculators can help raise awareness of within their living context, and make decisions what impacts lifestyle decisions as well as the based on price, accessibility, effectiveness and relative impact of specific domains. additional criteria like well-being, or trending Nevertheless, without the ability to see options products. in the calculators, it remains harder for the general public to understand what actions to Sustainability may play a role for a subset of take and to motivate behavioural change. people in day-to-day decision making but Image: A Framework for shaping sustainable lifestyles 5 There are many resources available such as the UN Environment & ITC (2017) Guidelines for Providing Product Sustainability Information Footprint Calculator Types There are three main types of lifestyle footprint data of daily life choices: most commonly food/diet, calculators. Each type estimates human impact on housing, travel, leisure activities, and consumption the environment using a different methodology. of goods such as textiles. The ultimate purpose of these calculators is to raise It is important to note that the calculators do not awareness and understanding of the impact of always cover all areas of living (food, mobility, human behaviours and choices on the environment housing, consumer goods and tourism) and that to motivate behaviour change. The calculators underpinning data primarily comes from North provide a comparable number which summarises America and Europe which limits global use. Material Footprint Ecological Footprint Carbon Footprint tools which estimate the tools which estimate the area of land tools which provide an estimate amount of raw materials required to support essential life of an individual’s direct and consumed based on an services such as biomass production, indirect emission of individual’s average behaviours. air and water filtration and carbon greenhouse gases in a year They account for the raw sequestration by plants. These tools based on average behaviours. materials required to support are not universally accepted6 because Carbon footprint calculators human behaviours including they combine these processes and the convert expected greenhouse fossil fuels, biomass, metal ores, result is dominated by the carbon gases emitted by certain and non-metallic minerals. emissions, for which carbon footprints activities into a carbon dioxide already offer an internationally agreed equivalent figure. and scientifically valid approach. Calculators generate a figure which summarises information lifestyle calculators provide to people it data across a range of different common areas of is important that the calculators address certain daily life, most commonly food, housing, travel, principles such as those outlined in the Guidelines leisure activities, but also consumption of goods for providing product sustainability information and textiles. (UNEP & ITC 2017)8, developed by the Consumer Information Programme. Aligning calculators with There are challenges around accuracy given the the five fundamental principles of reliability, variations possible in these areas and around relevance, clarity, transparency and accessibility monitoring because calculators give snap shots and can lead to more credible and trusted sustainability people would have to continually calculate to track information that can guide people in their behaviour. changes. However, efforts are on-going to develop more transparent calculators with more holistic In addition to the types listed above, there are perspectives of an individual’s consumption calculators that measure impacts in specific areas footprint through applying full Life Cycle such as fashion or meat consumption. The issue Assessment results on environmental impacts, for with such calculators is that the limited focus on one example from the European Commission’s Joint lifestyle aspect can give a misleading sense of Research Centre7. sustainability and not represent the full picture. For example, someone who chooses to wear a lot of For the moment, there are few calculators second-hand clothes or is vegan could have high accessible to the public that go beyond taking a carbon impacts through flying, purchasing gadgets snapshot in time to accurately cover and enable or inefficient energy use in the home. monitoring of all lifestyle areas. To improve the 6 For example, in GEO-6 there is the following caveat:
Recommended publications
  • Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses
    Climate change and human health RISKS AND RESPONSES Editors A.J. McMichael The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia D.H. Campbell-Lendrum London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom C.F. Corvalán World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland K.L. Ebi World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Rome, Italy A.K. Githeko Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya J.D. Scheraga US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA A. Woodward University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA 2003 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Climate change and human health : risks and responses / editors : A. J. McMichael . [et al.] 1.Climate 2.Greenhouse effect 3.Natural disasters 4.Disease transmission 5.Ultraviolet rays—adverse effects 6.Risk assessment I.McMichael, Anthony J. ISBN 92 4 156248 X (NLM classification: WA 30) ©World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dis- semination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution—should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of Human Population Demographic Data
    Tested Studies for Laboratory Teaching Proceedings of the Association for Biology Laboratory Education Vol. 32, 406–421, 2011 Behind the Numbers: An Exploration of Human Population Demographic Data Teresa C. Weglarz Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Fox Valley, 1478 Midway Rd, Menasha WI 54952 USA ([email protected]) Increasingly global population size has been a cause for alarm among scientists. Currently, global population size is 6.9 billion and estimates for 2050 range from 8-12 billion. It is estimated that the majority of population growth in the next 50 years will be in developing countries. This computer-based lab activity explores some of the social, economic, and political factors that influence population growth. Understanding the role of these factors in popula- tion growth is critical to the study of population demography. Population demographic data provides a glimpse into the population characteristics that are associated with rapid growth. The International Data Base provides popula- tion pyramids and demography data, on infant mortality rates, fertility rates, and life expectancy of populations in over 200 countries. This population demographic data provides a glimpse into the population characteristics that are associated with population growth and may provide clues on how to address population growth. Keywords: Population growth, demography, population pyramids Introduction Introduction Human demography is the study of population charac- tion data contains estimates and projections for more than teristics. The purpose of this computer investigation is to 200 countries, which includes population size, fertility, analyze the demographic relationships between different mortality and migration rates. The entire investigation can countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Environmental Issues and Its Remedies
    International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environment Vol. 1, No. 8, September 2013, PP: 120 - 126, ISSN: 2327- 0330 (Online) Available online at www.ijsee.com Research article Global Environmental Issues and its Remedies Dr. MD. Zulfequar Ahmad Khan* Address Present. Permanent Address for Correspondence *Dr. Md Zulfequar Ahmad Khan 21-B, Lane No 3, Associate Professor Jamia Nagar, Zakir Nagar, Department of Geography & Environmental Studies New Delhi-110025 Arba Minch University INDIA Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Mobile No.: +919718502867 Mobile No: +251 923934234 E-mail: [email protected] _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract To the surprise of many out-spoken environmentalists, it, in fact, turns out mankind and technology actually aren’t the only significant causes of global environmental problems. However, before we start to get too comfortable and confidently assume that we as human beings are officially “off the hook,” the fact remains that several “man-made” causes play a significant role in our current, global problems trend. Many human actions affect what people value. One way in which the actions that cause global change are different from most of these is that the effects take decades to centuries to be realized. This fact causes many concerned people to consider taking action now to protect the values of those who might be affected by global environmental change in years to come. But because of uncertainty about how global environmental systems work, and because the people affected will probably live in circumstances very much different from those of today and may have different values, it is hard to know how present-day actions will affect them.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Ozone and Climate
    1 Ozone and Climate: A Review of Interconnections Coordinating Lead Authors John Pyle (UK), Theodore Shepherd (Canada) Lead Authors Gregory Bodeker (New Zealand), Pablo Canziani (Argentina), Martin Dameris (Germany), Piers Forster (UK), Aleksandr Gruzdev (Russia), Rolf Müller (Germany), Nzioka John Muthama (Kenya), Giovanni Pitari (Italy), William Randel (USA) Contributing Authors Vitali Fioletov (Canada), Jens-Uwe Grooß (Germany), Stephen Montzka (USA), Paul Newman (USA), Larry Thomason (USA), Guus Velders (The Netherlands) Review Editors Mack McFarland (USA) IPCC Boek (dik).indb 83 15-08-2005 10:52:13 84 IPCC/TEAP Special Report: Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 85 1.4 Past and future stratospheric ozone changes (attribution and prediction) 110 1.1 Introduction 87 1.4.1 Current understanding of past ozone 1.1.1 Purpose and scope of this chapter 87 changes 110 1.1.2 Ozone in the atmosphere and its role in 1.4.2 The Montreal Protocol, future ozone climate 87 changes and their links to climate 117 1.1.3 Chapter outline 93 1.5 Climate change from ODSs, their substitutes 1.2 Observed changes in the stratosphere 93 and ozone depletion 120 1.2.1 Observed changes in stratospheric ozone 93 1.5.1 Radiative forcing and climate sensitivity 120 1.2.2 Observed changes in ODSs 96 1.5.2 Direct radiative forcing of ODSs and their 1.2.3 Observed changes in stratospheric aerosols, substitutes 121 water vapour, methane and nitrous oxide 96 1.5.3 Indirect radiative forcing of ODSs 123 1.2.4 Observed temperature
    [Show full text]
  • An Axiomatic Foundation of the Ecological Footprint
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Kuhn, Thomas; Pestow, Radomir; Zenker, Anja Working Paper An Axiomatic Foundation of the Ecological Footprint Chemnitz Economic Papers, No. 025 Provided in Cooperation with: Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Suggested Citation: Kuhn, Thomas; Pestow, Radomir; Zenker, Anja (2018) : An Axiomatic Foundation of the Ecological Footprint, Chemnitz Economic Papers, No. 025, Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Chemnitz This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/190431 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Faculty of Economics and Business Administration An Axiomatic Foundation of the Ecological Footprint Thomas Kuhn Radomir Pestow Anja Zenker Chemnitz Economic Papers, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Earth Overshoot Day
    Monday 29 July is Earth Overshoot Day WE HAVE ALREADY USED UP THE EARTH’S RESOURCES FOR 2019! What is Earth Overshoot Day? Earth Overshoot Day is the day when humanityʼs demands for ecological resources (including fish, forests, fresh water, etc) exceed what the Earth can renew in a year. This year it will fall on Monday 29 July. Collectively, we are over-consuming and over-exploiting our resources. Our unreasonable demands on the Earth are driven by our attitudes and disconnect towards the Earth, our common home. Why do we need to change our attitudes and behaviour? Last October the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned that we have just 12 years to avoid cata- strophic climate. In May, another United Nations report suggested we are heading towards the extinction of one million species. Climate change and biodiversity loss are tragic warning signs of our broken relationship with Godʼs Creation –we are losing sight of our interrelationship with all living things. And, Australians are some of the biggest contributors to this problem. If everyone behaved like us, humanity would consume the equivalent of 5.2 Earths a year! Why is it important to mark Earth Overshoot Day? As Christians, we want to mark this event to raise it in the public consciousness and create a call for transformation in both our attitudes and behaviour. Ultimately, we want to renew the Earth and save our common home, as both Pope Francis and Rowan Williams have said, we need an “ecological conversion”. What can I do to help on Earth Overshoot Day? •Toll your Church bells or light a candle from 11.48am, for the 12 minutes until midday, marking the 12 years that the IPCC has foreshadowed as a critical tipping point.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and Its Interactions with Climate Change: 2010 Assessment
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2010 Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and its Interactions with Climate Change: 2010 Assessment Sharon A. Robinson University of Wollongong, [email protected] Stephen R. Wilson University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Robinson, Sharon A. and Wilson, Stephen R.: Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and its Interactions with Climate Change: 2010 Assessment 2010. https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers/456 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and its Interactions with Climate Change: 2010 Assessment Abstract This quadrennial Assessment was prepared by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) for the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The Assessment reports on key findings on environment and health since the last full Assessment of 2006, paying attention to the interactions between ozone depletion and climate change. Simultaneous publication of the Assessment in the scientific literature aims to inform the scientific community how their data, modeling and interpretations are playing a role in information dissemination to the Parties
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Days of Possibility
    100 DAYS OF POSSIBILITY C ONFERENCE O F P ARTIES 26 THERE’S NO BENEFIT IN WAITING COP26 in Glasgow is set to amplify climate action. If the conference underdelivers, the need for companies, cities and countries to prepare themselves for a predictable future of climate change and resource constraints becomes even more existential. Solutions exist that #MoveTheDate. They’re creative, economically viable & ready to deploy at scale. For 100 days, from Earth Overshoot Day 2021 to COP 26, we’re highlighting the many ways we can #MoveTheDate using existing technology to displace business- as-usual practices we can no longer afford. 100 DAYS OF POSSIBILITY Launched on Earth Overshoot Day, 100 Days of Possibility showcases that change is possible, and that our own actions are essential for our own thriving. During the 100 days from Earth Overshoot Day (EOD) to COP26, we will feature existing #MoveTheDate WHAT IS solutions from the business world, academia, the public 100 DAYS OF sector, and civil society. POSSIBILITY? The project is initiated by Global Footprint Network. Partners include the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), Schneider Electric, and many others. How about you? JOIN THE EOD- TO- COP MOVEMENT SHINE ON THE INTERNATIONAL STAGE AS A POSSIBILITY PIONEER. TOGETHER, WE CAN #MOVETHEDATE OF EARTH OVERSHOOT DAY AND USHER IN THE AGE OF ONE- PLANET PROSPERITY. SOLUTION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Exists and delivers measurable results Delivers significant impact that helps #MoveTheDate Is economically viable and scalable SPONSORSHIP BENEFITS Receive global visibility as visionaries on a platform curated by Global Footprint Network, which also brings Earth Overshoot Day to the world each year – a highly mediatized global campaign with more than 4 billion media impressions and engagements from influencers like Greta Thunberg, France’s President Emmanuel Macron, Pope Francis, and Ursula von der Leyen.
    [Show full text]
  • Effectiveness of Houseplants in Reducing the Indoor Air Pollutant
    as a result of increased input of the Effectiveness of Houseplants in Reducing precursors of ozone into the atmos- the Indoor Air Pollutant Ozone phere (Mustafa, 1990). Automobiles are the principal contributors to sec- ondary tropospheric ozone genera- Heather L. Papinchak1, E. Jay Holcomb2,4, tion (Maroni et al., 1995). Teodora Orendovici Best3, and Dennis R. Decoteau2 Ozone as an indoor air pollutant can be prevalent in homes and offices due to infiltration of outdoor ambient ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. mitigation, depletion rates, foliage air indoors (Weschler, 2000). Ozone- emitting equipment such as copy UMMARY Sansevieria trifasciata S . Three common indoor houseplants, snake plant ( ), machines, laser printers, ultraviolet spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum), and golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum), were evaluated for their species effectiveness in reducing ozone concentrations in a lighting, and some electrostatic air simulated indoor environment. Continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) chambers purification systems may also contrib- housed within a greenhouse equipped with a charcoal filtration air supply system ute to indoor ozone levels (Maroni were used to simulate an indoor environment in which ozone concentrations could et al., 1995; Weschler, 2000). Ozone be measured and regulated. Ozone was injected into the chambers and when generation from appliances such as concentrations reached 200 ± 5 ppb, the ozone-generating system was turned off photocopiers on average yield 5.2 and ozone concentrations over time (ozone was monitored every 5–6 min in each mgÁh–1 and laser printers on average chamber) were recorded until about <5 ppb were measured in the treatment produce 1.2 mgÁh–1; however, con- chamber. On average, ozone depletion time (time from when the ozone generating centrations could vary based on < system was turned off at 200 ppb to 5 ppb in the chamber) ranged from 38 to equipment maintenance (Black and 120 min per evaluation.
    [Show full text]
  • Movethedate Social Media Toolkit
    #MoveTheDate Social Media Toolkit Thank you for sharing Earth Overshoot Day through social media, email newsletters, blog posts, and/or your organization’s website. We appreciate your help driving users to steps to #MoveTheDate, videos, infographics, and other information available on the Overshoot Day website (www.overshootday.org). The following materials can be used to promote Earth Overshoot Day. Please download our images and graphics from Dropbox, available here. We have a few infographics available in other languages at https://www.overshootday.org/newsroom/infographics/. General • August 1 is Earth Overshoot Day―the date when we (all of humanity) have used more from nature than our planet can renew in the entire year. How will you #MoveTheDate? www.overshootday.org • We are using 1.7 Earths. How? By using more ecological resources and services than nature can regenerate through overfishing, overharvesting forests, and emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than ecosystems can absorb. #MoveTheDate www.overshootday.org • Earth Overshoot Day is August 1. If everyone committed to #MoveTheDate 5 days each year, we could get out of global overshoot by 2050. Take your first step today! www.overshootday.org • Today is Earth Overshoot Day. It would take 8.5 South Koreas to support South Koreans' Ecological Footprint. It would take 4 UKs to meet the demand for natural resources of UK residents. How does your country stack up? • Today is Earth Overshoot Day. If everyone www.overshootday.org lived like the average American, we would need 5 Earths. The average Russian, 3.3 Earths. And the average Brazilian, 1.8 Earths.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arctic Ozone Layer
    The Arctic Ozone Layer How the Arctic Ozone Layer is Responding to Ozone-Depleting Chemicals and Climate Change Photographs are the property of the EC ARQX picture archive. Special permission was obtained from Mike Harwood (p. vii: Muskoxen on Ellesmere Island), Richard Mittermeier (pp. vii, 12: Sunset from the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory), Angus Fergusson (p. 4: Iqaluit; p. 8: Baffin Island), Yukio Makino (p. vii: Instrumentation and scientist on top of the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory), Tomohiro Nagai (p. 25: Figure 20), and John Bird (p. 30: Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory). To obtain additional copies of this report, write to: Angus Fergusson Science Assessments Section Science & Technology Integration Division Environment Canada 4905 Dufferin Street Toronto ON M3H 5T4 Canada Please send feedback, comments and suggestions to [email protected] © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2010. Catalogue No.: En164-18/2010E ISBN: 978-1-100-10787-5 Aussi disponible en français The Arctic Ozone Layer How the Arctic Ozone Layer is Responding to Ozone-Depleting Chemicals and Climate Change by Angus Fergusson Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank David Wardle, Ted Shepherd, Norm McFarlane, Nathan Gillett, John Scinocca, Darrell Piekarz, Ed Hare, Elizabeth Bush, Jacinthe Lacroix and Hans Fast for their valuable advice and assistance during the preparation of this manuscript. i Contents Summary ....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Environmental Engineering Sequence: Deliberately Addressing and Evaluating Environmental Attitudes and Knowledge (Presentatio
    Paper ID #21035 An Environmental Engineering Sequence: Deliberately Addressing and Eval- uating Environmental Attitudes and Knowledge (presentation & 6-page pa- per) Mr. Erick Martinez, United States Military Academy Erick Martinez is a Captain in the United States Army and an Instructor in the Department of Geogra- phy and Environmental Engineering at the United States Military Academy. He is a 2007 graduate of the United States Military Academy with a B.S. in Environmental Engineering and recently graduated from the University of Florida with an M.E. in Environmental Engineering. He teaches Environmen- tal Engineering for Community Development, Environmental Science, and Environmental Engineering Technologies. Capt. Charles M Ouellette, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996 Charles Ouellette is a Captain in the United States Army and an Instructor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering at the United States Military Academy. He is a 2006 graduate of Michigan State University with a B.A. in Economics. He obtained an M.S. from Missouri Science and Technology in Geological Engineering and most recently graduated from Cornell University with an M.S. in Ecology. He teaches Ecology, Environmental Science, and Environmental Engineering Technologies. Capt. Luke Thomas Plante, United States Military Academy Luke Plante is a Captain in the United States Army and an Instructor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering at the United States Military Academy. He is a 2008 graduate of the United States Military Academy with a B.S. in Environmental Engineering and recently graduated from Columbia University with an M.S. in Environmental Engineering. He teaches Environmental Biological Systems, Environmental Science, and Environmental Engineering Technologies.
    [Show full text]