Earth Overshoot Day 2020 Social Media Toolkit (August 20)
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Resource Advisor Guide
A publication of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group Resource Advisor Guide PMS 313 AUGUST 2017 Resource Advisor Guide August 2017 PMS 313 The Resource Advisor Guide establishes NWCG standards for Resource Advisors to enable interagency consistency among Resource Advisors, who provide professional knowledge and expertise toward the protection of natural, cultural, and other resources on wildland fires and all-hazard incidents. The guide provides detailed information on decision-making, authorities, safety, preparedness, and rehabilitation concerns for Resource Advisors as well as considerations for interacting with all levels of incident management. Additionally, the guide standardizes the forms, plans, and systems used by Resource Advisors for all land management agencies. The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) provides national leadership to enable interoperable wildland fire operations among federal, state, tribal, territorial, and local partners. NWCG operations standards are interagency by design; they are developed with the intent of universal adoption by the member agencies. However, the decision to adopt and utilize them is made independently by the individual member agencies and communicated through their respective directives systems. Table of Contents Section One: Resource Advisor Defined ...................................................................................................................1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................1 -
Wilderness Character Resource Brief
WILDERNESS CHARACTER National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Resource Brief Wilderness Stewardship Division Background The National Park Service (NPS) is responsible for the stewardship of 61 designated wilderness areas. Per agency policy, the NPS also manages eligible, proposed, recommended, and potential wilderness. In total, over 80 percent of all NPS lands are managed as wilderness, from Alaska to Florida. Preserving Wilderness Character The 1964 Wilderness Act’s Statement of Policy, Section 2(a) states that wilderness areas “shall be administered... so as to provide for the protection of these areas, the preservation of their wilderness character.” This affrmative legal mandate to preserve wilderness character, and related NPS policy, applies to all NPS wilderness. Wilderness character is a holistic concept based on the interaction of biophysical environments, personal experiences, and symbolic meanings. This includes intangible qualities like a sense of adventure and challenge or refuge and inspiration. Wilderness character also includes fve tangible qualities associated with the biophysical environment: • Natural - Wilderness ecological systems are Monitoring Wilderness Character substantially free from the effects of modern civilization How do NPS managers preserve wilderness character? Wilderness character monitoring helps address this • Untrammeled - Wilderness is essentially free from question by 1) assessing how management decisions the intentional actions of modern human control and actions may affect individual -
Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems
E COLOGY T HROUGH T IME REVIEW Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems Jeremy B. C. Jackson,1,2* Michael X. Kirby,3 Wolfgang H. Berger,1 Karen A. Bjorndal,4 Louis W. Botsford,5 Bruce J. Bourque,6 Roger H. Bradbury,7 Richard Cooke,2 Jon Erlandson,8 James A. Estes,9 Terence P. Hughes,10 Susan Kidwell,11 Carina B. Lange,1 Hunter S. Lenihan,12 John M. Pandolfi,13 Charles H. Peterson,12 Robert S. Steneck,14 Mia J. Tegner,1† Robert R. Warner15 Ecological extinction caused by overfishing precedes all other pervasive longer term cycles or shifts in oceanographic human disturbance to coastal ecosystems, including pollution, degrada- regimes and productivity (15–17). To help ad- tion of water quality, and anthropogenic climate change. Historical abun- dress this problem, we describe ecosystem dances of large consumer species were fantastically large in comparison structure predating modern ecological studies with recent observations. Paleoecological, archaeological, and historical using well-dated time series based on biological data show that time lags of decades to centuries occurred between the (18, 19), biogeochemical (20, 21), physical onset of overfishing and consequent changes in ecological communities, (22), and historical (23) proxies that are infor- because unfished species of similar trophic level assumed the ecological mative over a variety of spatial scales and bio- roles of overfished species until they too were overfished or died of geographic realms (24). Although proxies vary epidemic diseases related to overcrowding. Retrospective data not only in precision and clarity of the signals they mea- help to clarify underlying causes and rates of ecological change, but they sure, the use of multiple proxies that give the also demonstrate achievable goals for restoration and management of same ecological signal greatly increases confi- coastal ecosystems that could not even be contemplated based on the dence in results. -
Ecosystem Services and Natural Resources
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND NATURAL RESOURCES Porter Hoagland1*, Hauke Kite-Powell1, Di Jin1, and Charlie Colgan2 1Marine Policy Center Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543 2Center for the Blue Economy Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Monterey, CA 93940 *Corresponding author. This working paper is a preliminary draft for discussion by participants at the Mid-Atlantic Blue Ocean Economy 2030 meeting. Comments and suggestions are wel- come. Please do not quote or cite without the permission of the authors. 1. Introduction All natural resources, wherever they are found, comprise physical features of the Earth that have economic value when they are in short supply. The supply status of natural resources can be the result of natural occurrences or affected by human degradation or restoration, new scientific in- sights or technological advances, or regulation. The economic value of natural resources can ex- pand or contract with varying environmental conditions, shifting human uses and preferences, and purposeful investments, depletions, or depreciation. It has now become common to characterize flows of goods and services from natural resources, referred to as “ecosystem” (or sometimes “environmental”) services (ESs). The values of ES flows can arise through direct, indirect, or passive uses of natural resources, in markets or as public goods, and a variety of methodologies have been developed to measure and estimate these values. Often the values of ES flows are underestimated or even ignored, and the resulting im- plicit subsidies may lead to the overuse or degradation of the relevant resources or even the broader environment (Fenichel et al. 2016). Where competing uses of resources are potentially mutually exclusive in specific locations or over time, it is helpful to be able to assess—through explicit tradeoffs—the values of ES flows that may be gained or lost when one or more uses are assigned or gain preferential treatment over others. -
EAZA Bushmeat Campaign
B USHMEAT | R AINFOREST | T IGER | S HELLSHOCK | R HINO | M ADAGASCAR | A MPHIBIAN | C ARNIVORE | A PE EAZA Conservation Campaigns EAZA Bushmeat Over the last ten years Europe’s leading zoos and aquariums have worked together in addressing a variety of issues affecting a range of species and Campaign habitats. EAZA’s annual conservation campaigns have raised funds and promoted awareness amongst 2000-2001 millions of zoo visitors each year, as well as providing the impetus for key regulatory change. | INTRODUCTION | The first of EAZA's annual conservation campaigns addressed the issue of the unsustainable and illegal hunting and trade of threatened wildlife, in particular the great apes. Bushmeat is a term commonly used to describe the hunting and trade of wild meat. For the Bushmeat Campaign EAZA collaborated with the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) as an official partner in order to enhance the chances of a successful campaign. The Bushmeat Campaign can be regarded as the ‘template campaign’ for the EAZA conservation campaigns that followed over the subsequent ten years. | CAMPAIGN AIMS | Through launching the Bushmeat Campaign EAZA hoped to make a meaningful contribution to the conservation of great apes in the wild, particularly in Africa, over the next 20 to 50 years. The bushmeat trade was (and still is) a serious threat to the survival of apes in the wild. Habitat loss and deforestation have historically been the major causal factors for declining populations of great apes, but experts now agree that the illegal commercial bushmeat trade has surpassed habitat loss as the primary threat to ape populations. -
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: a GUIDE for DECISION MAKERS Acknowledgments
JANET RANGANATHAN CIARA RAUDSEPP-HEARNE NICOLAS LUCAS FRANCES IRWIN MONIKA ZUREK KAREN BENNETT NEVILLE ASH PAUL WEST ECOSYSTEM SERVICES A Guide for Decision Makers PLUS The Decision: A fictional story about a community facing ecosystem change ECOSYSTEM SERVICES A Guide for Decision Makers JANET RANGANATHAN CIARA RAUDSEPP-HEARNE NICOLAS LUCAS FRANCES IRWIN MONIKA ZUREK KAREN BENNETT NEVILLE ASH PAUL WEST Each World Resources Institute report represents a timely, scholarly treatment of a subject of public concern. WRI takes responsibility for choosing the study topics and guaranteeing its authors and researchers freedom of inquiry. It also solicits and responds to the guidance of advisory panels and expert reviewers. Unless otherwise stated, however, all the interpretation and fi ndings set forth in WRI publications are those of the authors, and do not necessarily refl ect the views of WRI or the collaborating organizations. Copyright © 2008 World Resources Institute. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-56973-669-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007941147 Cover and title page images by Getty Images and Hisashi Arakawa (www.emerald.st) Table of Contents FOREWORD i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii SUMMARY iv CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1 Ecosystem services and development 3 Condition and trends of ecosystem services 6 Entry points for mainstreaming ecosystem services 8 About this guide 9 The Decision: Where the Secretary connects ecosystems and human well-being 11 CHAPTER 2: Framing the Link between Development and Ecosystem Services 13 Make the connections -
Supplemental Wildlife Food Planting Manual for the Southeast • Contents
Supplemental Wildlife Food Planting Manual for the Southeast • Contents Managing Plant Succession ................................ 4 Openings ............................................................. 6 Food Plot Size and Placement ............................ 6 Soil Quality and Fertilization .............................. 6 Preparing Food Plots .......................................... 7 Supplemental Forages ............................................................................................................................. 8 Planting Mixtures/Strip Plantings ......................................................................................................... 9 Legume Seed Inoculation ...................................................................................................................... 9 White-Tailed Deer ............................................................................................................................... 10 Eastern Wild Turkey ............................................................................................................................ 11 Northern Bobwhite .............................................................................................................................. 12 Mourning Dove ................................................................................................................................... 13 Waterfowl ............................................................................................................................................ -
Effects of Global Warming on Wildlife and Human Health
Effects of Global Warming on Wildlife and Human Health Jennifer Lopez Editor Werner Lang Aurora McClain csd Center for Sustainable Development I-Context Challenge 2 1.2 Effects of Global Warming on Health Effects of Global Warm- ing on Wildlife and Human Health Jennifer Lopez Based on a presentation by Dr. Camille Parmesan main picture of presentation Figure 1: Earth from Outer Space. Introduction of greenhouse emissions.”4 Finally in 2007, the Fourth IPCC Assessment report concluded Global warming is defined as “the increase that the “warming of the climate system is un- in the average measured temperature of the equivocal” and “is very likely [> 90% sure] due Earth’s near surface air and oceans”.1 For the to observed increases in anthropogenic green- past several decades scientists have docu- house gas concentrations.”5 Based on these mented multiple aspects of climate change, conclusions, many scientists and environmen- including rising surface air temperature, rising talists have focused their efforts on sustainable ocean temperature, changes in rain and snow- living and are pushing for energy alternatives fall patterns, declines in permanent snowpack which produce little or no carbon-dioxide to and sea ice, and a rise in sea level.2 Through reduce greenhouse gas emissions. their research, scientists have been able not only to document changes in climate and the Effects of temperature change physical environment, but have also docu- mented effects that this phenomenon is having Scientists have concluded that in the past 100 on the world’s ecosystems and species, many years, the Earth’s average air temperature has of which are negative. -
Nature's Benefits ESA
DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES WHITE PAPER NATURE’S BENEFITS: THE IMPORTANCE OF ADDRESSING BIODIVERSITY IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICE PROGRAMS ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION Defenders of Wildlife has been a leader in addressing ecosystem services and market-based programs, one of the first nonprofit organizations to explore policies guiding these programs. This white paper examines the process for addressing ecosystem services in decision-making, in hopes that these concepts encourage policy-makers to balance the interests of nature and society. Author: Sara Vickerman Designer: Kassandra Kelly Defenders of Wildlife is a national, nonprofit membership organization dedicated to the protection of all native wild animals and plants in their natural communities. Jamie Rappaport Clark, President and CEO Donald Barry, Executive Vice President © 2013 Defenders of Wildlife 1130 17th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036-4604 202.682.9400 www.defenders.org Cover images, clockwise from top: Black-footed ferret, photo by Ryan Hagerty, USFWS; Burrowing owls, photo by Lee Karney, USFWS; Western painted turtle, photo by Gary M. Scholtz, USFWS; Canada geese, Nisqually NWR, photo by Bruce Taylor; Student at Wetzel Woods Conservation Easement during Alterna- tive Outdoor School, photo courtesy of the Friends of Tualatin River NWR and the Conservation Registry. Back cover: Rockefeller Forest, Humboldt Redwoods State Park, photo by Bruce Taylor. INTRODUCTION he concept of ecosystem services – or the benefits that nature provides – has gained tremendous attention over the past decade. It is a common-sense approach to manage- ment that recognizes and makes the most of nature’sT contributions to human communities. Solutions based on ecosystem services generally avoid up-front costs and expensive maintenance of highly engineered alternatives. -
Put the Life Back in Wildlife Grade 8
OSPI-Developed Performance Assessment A Component of the Washington State Assessment System The Arts: Visual Arts Put the Life Back in Wildlife Grade 8 Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction September 2018 Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction Old Capitol Building P.O. Box 47200 Olympia, WA 98504-7200 For more information about the contents of this document, please contact: Anne Banks, The Arts Program Supervisor Phone: 360-725-4966 email: [email protected] Or contact the Resource Center at 888-595-3276, TTY 360-664-3631 OSPI provides equal access to all programs and services without discrimination based on sex, race, creed, religion, color, national origin, age, honorably discharged veteran or military status, sexual orientation including gender expression or identity, the presence of any sensory, mental, or physical disability, or the use of a trained dog guide or service animal by a person with a disability. Questions and complaints of alleged discrimination should be directed to the Equity and Civil Rights Director at 360-725-6162 or P.O. Box 47200 Olympia, WA 98504-7200. Except where otherwise noted, this Washington Arts K–12 assessment by the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. All logos and trademarks are property of their respective owners. This work references the Washington State Learning Standards in The Arts (http://www.k12.wa.us/Arts/Standards/default.aspx). All standards designations are from the National Core Arts Standards (http://nationalartsstandards.org/). Copyright © 2015 National Coalition for Core Arts Standards/All Rights Reserved—Rights Administered by SEADAE. -
An Exploration of Human Population Demographic Data
Tested Studies for Laboratory Teaching Proceedings of the Association for Biology Laboratory Education Vol. 32, 406–421, 2011 Behind the Numbers: An Exploration of Human Population Demographic Data Teresa C. Weglarz Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Fox Valley, 1478 Midway Rd, Menasha WI 54952 USA ([email protected]) Increasingly global population size has been a cause for alarm among scientists. Currently, global population size is 6.9 billion and estimates for 2050 range from 8-12 billion. It is estimated that the majority of population growth in the next 50 years will be in developing countries. This computer-based lab activity explores some of the social, economic, and political factors that influence population growth. Understanding the role of these factors in popula- tion growth is critical to the study of population demography. Population demographic data provides a glimpse into the population characteristics that are associated with rapid growth. The International Data Base provides popula- tion pyramids and demography data, on infant mortality rates, fertility rates, and life expectancy of populations in over 200 countries. This population demographic data provides a glimpse into the population characteristics that are associated with population growth and may provide clues on how to address population growth. Keywords: Population growth, demography, population pyramids Introduction Introduction Human demography is the study of population charac- tion data contains estimates and projections for more than teristics. The purpose of this computer investigation is to 200 countries, which includes population size, fertility, analyze the demographic relationships between different mortality and migration rates. The entire investigation can countries. -
Theory of Ecosystem Services
Seminar 2 Theory of Ecosystem Services Speaker Dr. Stephen Polasky Valuing Nature: Economics, Ecosystem Services, and Decision-Making by Dr. Stephen Polasky, University of Minnesota INTRODUCTION The past hundred years have seen major transformations in human and ecological systems. There has been a rapid rise in economic activity, with a tenfold increase in the real value of global gross domestic product (GDP) (DeLong 2003). At the same time, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment found many negative environmental trends leading to declines in a majority of ecosystem services (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). A major reason for the rapid increase in the production of goods and services in the economy and deterioration in the provision of many ecosystem services is the fact that market economic systems reward production of commodities that are sold in markets and accounted for in GDP, but does not penalize anyone directly for environmental degradation that leads to a reduction in ecosystem services. As Kinzig et al. (2011) recently wrote about ecosystem services: “you get what you pay for” (or, alternatively, you don’t get what you don’t pay for). Ecosystems provide a wide array of goods and services of value to people, called ecosystem services. Though ecosystem services are valuable, most often no one actually pays for their provision. Ecosystem services often are invisible to decision-makers whose decisions have important impacts on the environment. Because of this, decision-makers tend to ignore the impact of their decisions on the provision of ecosystem services. Such distortions in decision-making can result in excessive degradation of ecosystem functions and reductions in the provision of ecosystem services, making human society and the environment poorer as a consequence.