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A Case Study of Strategic Failure in Professional Team Sports
The Triumph of Vanity over Sanity? A Case Study of Strategic Failure in Professional Team Sports Bill Gerrard Leeds University Business School, UK Research in strategic management often tends to focus on competitive success - how organisations utilise their resources and/or market position to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However cases in which organisations suffer strategic failures can be equally illuminating. This case study focuses on a leading English professional football club, Leeds United, and investigates how sporting success was transformed into sporting and financial crisis within a 21-month period as a consequence of a series of strategic financial decisions by the senior executive management. It is argued that Leeds United represents a classic example of the Icarus phenomenon of flying too high and getting burnt - an organisation that over-extended itself in pursuit of its overly-ambitious growth objectives and suffered a financial meltdown when it failed to maintain a high level of performance. The research objectives of the study are: (i) to explain the proximate financial causes of the sporting and financial crisis; (ii) to investigate the governance structure of the organisation to locate the fundamental causes of the current crisis; and (iii) to use the research findings to actively influence the organisational changes required to resolve the crisis. The study draws on three principal theoretical frameworks: the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, stakeholder theory and corporate finance. The RBV (e.g. Barney and Arikan, 2002) explains sustainable competitive advantage as the consequence of the firm's deployment of its strategic endowment of rare and valuable resources that imperfectly imitable or substitutable. -
Wimbledon FC to Milton Keynes This Summer Is a Critical Moment in London’S Football History
Culture, Sport and Tourism Away from home Scrutiny of London’s Football Stadiums June 2003 Culture, Sport and Tourism Away from home Scrutiny of London’s Football Stadiums June 2003 copyright Greater London Authority June 2003 Published by Greater London Authority City Hall The Queen’s Walk London SE1 2AA www.london.gov.uk enquiries 020 7983 4100 minicom 020 7983 4458 ISBN 1 85261 496 1 Cover photograph credit EMPICS Sports Photo Agency This publication is printed on recycled paper Chair’s Foreword The move by Wimbledon FC to Milton Keynes this summer is a critical moment in London’s football history. This move prompted the London Assembly’s Culture, Sport and Tourism committee to look into the issue of redevelopment for London clubs. With Fulham and Brentford yet to secure new stadiums for their clubs and question marks remaining over Arsenal’s and Tottenham’s grounds the issue is a live one. We do not want to see more clubs leave London. During the 2002/03 season about 5 million fans watched professional football in London. In addition, hundreds of thousands of Londoners participate every year in club sponsored community projects and play football. This report seeks to ensure that this added value isn’t lost to Londoners. We did not set out to judge local situations but to tease out lessons learnt by London football clubs. Football is more than just a business: the ties that a club has with its area and the fans that live or come from there are great. We recommend that more clubs have supporters on their board and applaud the work of Supporters Direct in rejuvenating the links between clubs and their fan base. -
Theory of the Beautiful Game: the Unification of European Football
Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 54, No. 3, July 2007 r 2007 The Author Journal compilation r 2007 Scottish Economic Society. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main St, Malden, MA, 02148, USA THEORY OF THE BEAUTIFUL GAME: THE UNIFICATION OF EUROPEAN FOOTBALL John Vroomann Abstract European football is in a spiral of intra-league and inter-league polarization of talent and wealth. The invariance proposition is revisited with adaptations for win- maximizing sportsman owners facing an uncertain Champions League prize. Sportsman and champion effects have driven European football clubs to the edge of insolvency and polarized competition throughout Europe. Revenue revolutions and financial crises of the Big Five leagues are examined and estimates of competitive balance are compared. The European Super League completes the open-market solution after Bosman. A 30-team Super League is proposed based on the National Football League. In football everything is complicated by the presence of the opposite team. FSartre I Introduction The beauty of the world’s game of football lies in the dynamic balance of symbiotic competition. Since the English Premier League (EPL) broke away from the Football League in 1992, the EPL has effectively lost its competitive balance. The rebellion of the EPL coincided with a deeper media revolution as digital and pay-per-view technologies were delivered by satellite platform into the commercial television vacuum created by public television monopolies throughout Europe. EPL broadcast revenues have exploded 40-fold from h22 million in 1992 to h862 million in 2005 (33% CAGR). -
Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Cymru Premier League
Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1A Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1B Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 2 Cymru North & South and Below. 4th Official Cymru Premier League. Category 3 Tier 3 Leagues & Below. Permitted to act as Assistant Referees at Tier 2. Category 4A Category 4B Category 4C Category 4D Category 4E 3rd Season 2nd Season 1st Year Referees Qualified & Qualified & Referees (& Referees (& longer) over the age of Registered Registered longer). over the age of 16. 16. Referees under Referees – (Non- Referee at Area Referee at Area Referee at Area the ages of 14- Active). Association Level. Association Level. Association 16. Permitted to Permitted to Level. referee in Directly referee in Directly Affiliated reserve Affiliated reserve league matches. leagues. Permitted to act Permitted to act as as Assistant Assistant Referees Referees at Tier 2 at Tiers 2 & 3 and below. subject to attending an Assistant Referee course. Assistant Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1AR Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1ART Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 2AR Cymru North & South and Below. Category 3AR Tier 3 & Below. Category 4AR Specialist Assistant referee (in training). (Assistant Referees to serve a minimum of 1-year core refereeing experience prior to electing to join the Assistant Referee pathway). Female Referee & Assistant Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Referee & Assistant Referee Welsh Premier Women’s League and Below. F-1A Referee F-1AR Assistant Referee Welsh Premier Women’s League and Below. F-1B Referee Welsh Premier Women’s League Talent Referee. Welsh Premier Women’s League and Below F-2A Referee F-2B Referee 2nd Year Referee in Feeder Leagues to 1st Year Referee in Feeder Leagues to Welsh Premier Women’s League. -
Stadium Safety Management in England
Stadium Safety Management in England Chris Whalley, Senior Manager, Stadia Safety and Security at The Football Association, comments on the transformation that has occurred in terms of stadium safety in England. In particular, he highlights how each football club now takes responsibility for the safety of all spectators entering its stadium. English Premier League matches are broadcast all over the world. In all continents, those fans with an interest in developments off the pitch as well as on it will have noticed the splendid all-seated stadia, the lack of pitch perimeter and segregation fences and, generally, a positive atmosphere among supporters inside the stadia. But it hasn’t always been like this. Just three decades ago, English football was still blighted by the problems of supporter violence, old stadia and what we can now recognise as a lack of any safety management culture within the stadia. Two major stadium disasters in the 1980’s and a Government-led review of stadium safety brought about a programme of change which has seen the gradual transformation of English stadia and the introduction of a new system of stadium safety management. Before examining these changes in more detail, it is helpful to look at some of the problems that led to the occurrence of these major stadium disasters. Throughout the 1970’s and 1980’s, fighting between rival supporter groups was commonplace in English football stadia. From the early beginnings of football up to the late 1960’s there had been no separation of supporters in English football stadia – home and away supporters could enter any part of the stadium and generally they would stand side by side to watch the match. -
Planning Bulleting 7: Stadia, Football Academies and Centres of Excellence
Planning Bulletin Issue Seven March 2000 Stadia, Football Academies and Centres of Excellence Introduction The planning implications of training facilities, football academies and centres of excellence will also be This bulletin focuses on sports stadia – sporting facilities examined. New training and youth development facilities that enjoyed a boom in the 1990s both in the UK and are being planned and built by many leading football worldwide. The Millennium Stadium in Cardiff which clubs, often in green belt and countryside areas. The hosted the Rugby World Cup final in November 1999, the planning issues raised by such facilities are complex and National Stadium in Sydney which will host the Olympic will be examined by reference to two case studies. Games later this year and the new Wembley Stadium have all featured heavily in the news over the past few Stadia months. On a smaller scale, many football clubs and rugby clubs play in new stadia often located away from Sports stadia are familiar landmarks to all sports their traditional heartlands, or in stadia that have seen spectators, both the armchair and the more active major expansion and adaptation. These changes have varieties. A major stadium will often be the most happened partly to accommodate the requirements of recognisable feature of many British towns and cities, the Taylor Report on the Hillsborough Stadium disaster and of cities around the world. Indeed, it is likely that and partly as a reflection of professional sport’s more people are able to identify the Old Trafford football move ‘upmarket’. ground as a Manchester landmark than the city’s cathedral or town hall. -
Annual Report and Accounts 2019
Contents Forewords Chairman 4 Chief Executive Officer 6 Director of Football 8 Year Review 10-39 Accounts Directors and Advisers 42 Strategic Report 43 Directors’ Report 47 Independent Auditor’s Report 48 Consolidated Profit and Loss Account 50 Consolidated Balance Sheet 51 Company Balance Sheet 52 Consolidated and Company Statement of Changes in Equity 53 Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 54 Notes to the Accounts 55 Note The Foreword section (Pages 4-9) and the Year Review section (Pages 10-39) do not form part of the statutory financial statements. ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2019 3 Well done to Unsie and his staff and Morgan and his It is a scheme that, coupled with our plans for We had established our targets and were delighted players - we’re incredibly proud of you all. a community-led legacy at Goodison, could be to secure as permanent signings Jonas Lossl, Fabian transformational for North Liverpool while giving our Delph, Moise Kean, JP Gbamin and Alex Iwobi. Just as the Under-23s have been a great source fans the world-class stadium they truly deserve. of pride and optimism over the last year, the And, of course, there was Andre. We were so progression of Paul Tait’s Under-18s and Willie Kirk’s Of course, the biggest thanks of all must pleased to sign him permanently. From day one Everton Women has been terrific. The Under-18s as an Everton player during his time on loan last finished third in their league and won by 10 goals go to my great friend, Farhad. season, Andre immersed himself in the Club and twice last season while Everton Women have already Not only has he backed his managers in the transfer was immediately loved and respected by his fellow chalked up some impressive results in the WSL this market, he’s also put his financial and emotional players and our fans. -
Hillsborough - the Truth Pdf, Epub, Ebook
HILLSBOROUGH - THE TRUTH PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Phil Scraton | 496 pages | 16 Jun 2016 | Mainstream Publishing | 9781910948019 | English | Edinburgh, United Kingdom Hillsborough - The Truth PDF Book Taylor concluded his criticism of South Yorkshire Police by describing senior officers in command as "defensive and evasive witnesses" who refused to accept any responsibility for error: "In all some 65 police officers gave oral evidence at the Inquiry. At one point it was so bad that I developed a stock response. Cancel Delete comment. The Spectator. It has since fuelled persistent and unsustainable assertions about drunken fan behaviour". Retrieved 12 March The Stationery Office, London. One supporter wrote to the Football Association and Minister for Sport complaining, "The whole area was packed solid to the point where it was impossible to move and where I, and others around me, felt considerable concern for personal safety". Retrieved 30 April On 11 April , Liverpool fans sang "You'll Never Walk Alone" as a tribute to the upcoming anniversary of the disaster before the home game against Blackburn Rovers which ended in Liverpool winning 4—0 and was followed by former Liverpool player, Stephen Warnock presenting a memorial wreath to the Kop showing the figure 96 in red flowers. Was hooked on the extent to which the authorities buried the truth. Mackrell pleaded not guilty to the two charges against him. The extreme reaction to Mr Bigley's murder is fed by the fact that he was a Liverpudlian. Leeds United have arguably experienced the most dramatic upheaval in fortunes of any club in A book that should be read by everybody who seeks the truth from its society A disturbing account of what can happen when society's trusted institutions decide to distort the facts and lie to save their own skins regardless of the hurt they will cause the bereaved. -
Chelsea FC Vs Leeds United Stream Link 7
1 / 2 Live Chelsea FC Vs Leeds United Online | Chelsea FC Vs Leeds United Stream Link 7 Basford United are the third most productive home team in the league with 22 goals in 9 games and have .... Where Football Belongs. Optus Sport is the exclusive home of Premier League & UEFA Champions League. Every Game Live & On Demand. Watch now for .... AP Photo/Carlo Fumagalli Find Chelsea FC Women results and fixtures ... this is your chance to watch some of the best football teams and players from across the ... England vs Canada @ Twickenham - Live on UltimateRugby Ultimate Rugby ... The home of all the latest Leeds United news, player info, match stats and .... Aug 20, 2020 — August 20th, 2020 7:41 pm ... Chelsea also face a challenging start, with Liverpool and United in the first five weeks. ... Football fans may be able to watch some of the early games live INSIDE stadiums too, after the latest .... Leeds united live score and video online live stream team roster with season ... External Link, Classic goals from Matchweek 37's fixtures, Featuring Van .... Sep 15, 2020 — ... on Leeds United following its promotion from the English Football League ... MORE: Watch Premier League games live with fuboTV (7-day free trial) ... vs. Leeds United, 12:30 p.m., NBC, fuboTV ... Chelsea, 3:15 p.m., NBCSN, fuboTV ... Spurs vs. Newcastle United, 10 a.m., NBCSN, fuboTV. West Ham vs.. Jul 5, 2021 — The transfer latest on Man Utd, Liverpool, Tottenham and Chelsea stars, what's ... Burnley, Stoke City, Leeds United, Aston Villa, Cardiff City and Swansea City .. -
From Dressing Rooms to Conference Rooms the Risks and Rewards in Funding Sports Stadia
Hospitality and Leisure Hospitality Directions Europe From dressing rooms to conference rooms The risks and rewards in funding sports stadia July 2008 Key findings New drivers for stadia developments between two sporting tenants, although we are yet to see a new stadium developed for two football teams in Stadia developments in England were originally the UK driven by safety regulations following two football spectating disasters. However as the benefits of stadia development have been realised, many more projects Europe has some innovative public private funding have been initiated, as other clubs seek to emulate the and delivery solutions success achieved in these projects by increasing net Europe also holds some lessons for the sector, although revenues, and unlocking wider regeneration benefits there are significant differences in demand between the UK and other countries in Europe. Innovative funding Increased attendance is the name of the game models, with partnerships between the public and private sectors in the funding, delivery and stadium operation, The benefits of stadia developments come primarily are also found in mainland Europe through increased attendance: we have seen stadia achieve and sustain growth of between 24 per cent and 284 per cent at those English football stadia in the top Sporting risks remain a key concern for funders and three leagues which were expanded since the founding operators of the Premier League (excluding teams that were Team performance inevitably influences attendance relegated after expansion) and financial performance of the club, so the wealthiest clubs can afford stadia developments as well as A shift in emphasis from dressing rooms to higher wages, which can lead to a virtuous circle conference rooms of team performance and attendance. -
The Law on All‑Seated Stadiums in England and Wales and the Case for Change
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by E-space: Manchester Metropolitan University's Research Repository Rigg, David (2018)Time to take a stand? The law on all-seated stadiums in England and Wales and the case for change. The International Sports Law Journal, 18 (3-4). pp. 210-218. ISSN 1567-7559 Downloaded from: http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/621742/ Version: Published Version Publisher: Springer DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40318-018-0136-9 Usage rights: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 Please cite the published version https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk Time to take a stand? The law on all-seated stadiums in England and Wales and the case for change David Rigg The International Sports Law Journal ISSN 1567-7559 Int Sports Law J DOI 10.1007/s40318-018-0136-9 1 23 Your article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution license which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works, as long as the author of the original work is cited. You may self- archive this article on your own website, an institutional repository or funder’s repository and make it publicly available immediately. 1 23 The International Sports Law Journal https://doi.org/10.1007/s40318-018-0136-9 ARTICLE Time to take a stand? The law on all‑seated stadiums in England and Wales and the case for change David Rigg1 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract In June 2018, the UK Government announced a review of the ban on standing at football matches in the Premier League and Championship. -
Professional Development Phase- Under 18 Assistant Coach
Professional Development Phase- Under 18 Assistant Coach Hours of work: Full time including weekends Salary: Competitive The Role Aston Villa Football Club Academy are looking to recruit a self-motivated, committed, confident and enthusiastic individual to join the Academy in the role of Under 18 Assistant Coach to work within the Professional Development Phase. Working in a High-Performance environment and based on the Club’s Football Philosophy as directed by the Academy Manager and Head of Coaching, the coach will play a pivotal role in helping to develop the Club’s players through the Professional Development Phase. Main Duties and Responsibilities: • To have the ability to work effectively within a High-Performance environment • To adopt a multi-disciplinary approach to ensure the wellbeing and holistic development of the Academy Professional Development Players • To attend, supervise and deliver coaching sessions as stipulated by the Head of Coaching & Under 18 Lead Coach • To deliver an elite level of coaching whilst working within the Club’s coaching philosophy and methodology framework • Help to manage the transition of players that train and play between the age bands within the Professional Development Phase • Help to prepare, deliver and record players individual learning plans • Working closely with various Academy departments and using a multi-disciplinary approach, help to prepare, deliver and record the player reviews • To attend the relevant Football Association/Premier League/Football League and Aston Villa CPD events