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Characterization of Aspergillus Section Flavi: Molecular Markers As Tools to Unmask Cryptic Species

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Characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi : molecular markers as tools to unmask cryptic species Amaranta Carvajal-Campos To cite this version: Amaranta Carvajal-Campos. Characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi : molecular markers as tools to unmask cryptic species. Toxicology. Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2018. English. NNT : 2018TOU30036. tel-02073580 HAL Id: tel-02073580 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02073580 Submitted on 20 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3) Paul Sabatier Présentée et soutenue par : Amaranta CARVAJAL CAMPOS Titre: Characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi: molecular markers as tools to unmask cryptic species Discipline ou spécialité : ED SEVAB : Pathologie, Toxicologie, Génétique et Nutrition Unité de Recherche : UMR 1331 INRA-ToxAlim Directeurs de Thèse : Dr. Olivier PUEL Ingénieur de Recherche, INRA, Toulouse Directeur de thèse Dr. Isabelle OSWALD Directeur de Recherche, INRA, Toulouse Directrice de thèse Jury : Dr. Sabine SCHORR-GALINDO Professeur, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Rapporteur Dr. Joëlle Dupont Professeur, MNHN, Paris Rapporteur Dr. Herve GRYTA Maître de conférence, UPS, Toulouse Examinateur Dr. Catherine BRABET Ingénieur de Recherche, CIRAD, Montpellier Examinatrice ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Becoming a PhD candidate means to start a journey, an intellectually and personal one. Intelectually it forces the person to learn, to become flexible, while increasing his/her skills to survive in the laboral world. It is not a smooth trip, it comes with ups and downs, yet it is a path that teaches you to become a better professional. For me, besides of the aforementioned, it also opened the door into the world of toxic mold and their impact in Human Health. At a personal level it has also been quite an adventure, sometimes more a roller coaster. This thesis gave me the opportunity to experience a new culture and to learn a new language, which is not necessary a piece of cake. Despite the difficulties during this period, I have been supported by a bunch of amazing people, that have helped me intellectually and personally. Find in these acknowledgements my most sincere gratitude to all of you, and if I forgot someone, I apologize to you in advance. This Doctoral Thesis was sponsored by an scholarship from the Ecuadorian Government entity SENESCYT (from it initials in Spanish, Secretaria de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación). Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Isabelle Oswald, Director of the Biosynthesis and Toxicity of Mycotoxins Team, who gave me the opportunity to perform my thesis at Toxalim INRA and welcome me in the team. Isabelle, I am really grateful to you for the opporunity and also for all your advice and support during this process. I have learnt a lot from you. I would also thank Mr. Bernard Salles, former Director of UMR 1331 Toxalim INRA, Toulouse for letting me perform my research in the facilities. I would also like to express my special appreciation and gratitude to my advisor Dr. Olivier Puel. I would like to thank you for encouraging my research and for your support during these years, I known that has not always being an easy task, and I appreciate all your efforts. I am grateful for your sense of humor, your taste in music, your open door whenever I needed, for letting me got lost and for guiding me to find the way out, for the practical and intelectual help and advice. I must also thank Dr. Sophie Lorber for always being there, I sincerely appreciate all your advice, your help in the lab, your smile, your support, intellectual and personal, and your guide in this proccess. It has been a pleasure learning from you. I would also thank Dr. Jean-Denis Bailly and Ms. Sylviane Bailly, I really appreciate a lot your advice during these years, I have learnt a lot from both of you, you have helped me to understand fungi world and how complicated they can be, in addition I have felt your support at different crucial moments, thanks for that and your cheerful spirit. I would also thank the members of my thesis committee, Dr. Hervé Gryta, Dr. Vessela Anatovasova-Penichon, Dr. Jean-Denis Bailly and MSc Sylviane Bailly for all your advice and suggestions regardless the work performed during these years. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 I would also thanks the members of the jury, my “rapporteurs”, Pr. Schorr-Galindo and Pr. Dupont, and my “examinateurs”, Dr. Gryta and Dr. Brabet, for accepting to read, judge, comment and provide advice for this manuscript and for being part of the jury. I thanks as well Soraya Tadrist for all her help in the lab, we have sweat together, and without you finishing my experiments would have been even harder. I am grateful that we learnt to get along, and for the nice moments and laughs that we shared. As well I want to express my gratitude to Joëlle, I have learnt a lot from you, your enthusiasm, your professionalism and your character have been an example during these years. I cannot forget all the people that are part of the team, and wich plays a keyrole in my journey even though we do not necessarily work together. Thank you Phillipe for having your door always open and your smile all the time, I felt that I could always count on you, and that is priceless. In addition I want to say thanks to Sylvie, Anne-Marie and Arlette, you are a really good example of proffesionalism, enthusiastic and approachable people, I enjoyed the moments we shared. Selma, thanks for your help and advice in the lab and with French, you gave me a good push at the begining. I am also deeply grateful for the opportunity to known, shared and learnt from the different people that have passed by the team, Immourana, Pascal, Joanna, Delphine, Gisella, Leticia, Viviane, Delphine, Abdula, Su, Ophelie, Crisitine, Claire, Yannick, Tarek, Christian. I am also really grateful to Dr. Catherine Brabet and Lethicia Manizan for our colaboration, which has lead to an important part of the work presented in this manuscript. Our collaboration is a good example of the importance of sharing between scientific groups. I would also thank Sarah, Jeannette, Vincent, Vu, Pierre, Aurore and Lolita…. Each one of you are an important part in my journey, the first three for the administrative and computational stuff, and the good spirit and the laughs, Vu for your company in the latest hours and for being so nice and kind (eventhough I am the most desorganized person of the team), and the last three for keeping me alive and in good health by feeding me with amazing food. Thanks for doing your jobs professionally, with enthusiasm and with a smile, you made my doctoral experience easier and more enjoyable. During this period of time, and in the lab, I have the opportunity to met several women to whom I really grateful… I have shared with all of you unforgetable moments…. Isaura, I have not enough words to express my gratitude to you. At the begining you guided me in this strange and complex country, providing me with the bases of the language, and the clues to not get lost in Toulouse. You welcome me not only in your office, you had not option, but also as a friend. I appreciate enourmously the way you share your knowledge, you are an incredible lab teacher. Thanks for always been in a good mood, even if you are feeling blue. We have shared several moments, mostly good ones, and English does not let me express to you how glad I am to met you and to have your friendship, thanks a lot for coping with my moody character and for being there!! You are an amazing friend. Te quiero chiqui!!! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 Christelle, habibie, you were also forced to share your office with me, so you could not scape, as you were obligated to get along with me. Thanks for being there, for your support, your frienship, for the fun, for your crazyness, for letting me destroy your French, for sharing Toulouse, Poland, Leban, Ghent and the long days hanging out with me. I am really glad to met you and to say that you are my friend for lifetime. Also I am grateful with all your familly for making me feel at home. Bianca, my darling, thanks for everything, you frienship means a lot to me, thank you for the laughs, for your support in the good and bad times, for all the experiences shared. Joya, thanks a lot for your friendship, your good mood, your smile, your kindness. Alix, thanks for the French lessons, for the rides to the lab, for the laughs, the cakes, the carefree spirit, the remarks, for the carnival, Halloween and the game nights. Laura C., thank you for you help, your patience, your kindness, your jokes, your draws, your French, your crazyness, the moments shared and most important for your friendship, you mean a lot to me. Rhoda, thank you for your advice, your sense of humor, your fiendship, your skills with languages, your cupcakes.
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  • &lt;I&gt;Aspergillus Flavus&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Aspergillus Parasiticus&lt;/I

    <I>Aspergillus Flavus</I> and <I>Aspergillus Parasiticus</I

    1395 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 58, No. 12, Pages 1395-1404 Copyrighl©, International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus: Aflatoxigenic Fungi of Concern in Foods and Feedst: A Review HASSAN GOURAMA* and LLOYD B. BULLERMAN* Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919 USA Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article-pdf/58/12/1395/1665895/0362-028x-58_12_1395.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 (MS# 91-230: Received 22 December 19911Accepted 15 May 1995) ABSTRACT isolates are still used as specific names, e.g., Aspergillus capitatus, Aspergillus niger, etc. (98). Aspergillus are com- Aspergillusflavus and the closely related subspeciesparasiticus have long been recognized as major contaminants of organic and mon saprobic molds, which grow in a wide range of natural nonorganic items. A. flavus, a common soil fungus, can infest a wide substrates and climatic conditions. Austwick (8) reported that range of agricultural products. Some A. flavus varieties produce one conidial head may produce up to 50,000 spores. Aspergil- aflatoxins, which are carcinogenic toxins that induce liver cancer in lus spp. are of particular importance to humans. Although laboratory animals. A.flavus var.flavus, A.flavus subsp. parasiticus, many Aspergillus species are considered pathogens or spoil- and A. nomius share the ability to produce aflatoxins. Identification age organisms, many others are beneficial. Some species are of the A. flavus species group is mainly based on the color and used to prepare fermented foods (57). Aspergillus spp. can macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fungus.