THE GLOBAL A REPORT COMMISSIONED CRISIS BY GP FRANCE OF NUCLEAR WASTE AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHIES 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6

1. NUCLEAR WASTE: THE SITUATION TODAY 16 2. BELGIUM 34 3. FRANCE 45 4. JAPAN 59 5. SWEDEN AND FINLAND 68 6. UK 86 7. USA 94

This report was published in November 2018 by Greenpeace France

Authors: Pete Roche, Bertrand Thuillier, Bernard Laponche, Miles Goldstick, Johann Swahn, Hideyuki Ban and Robert Alvarez Coordination: Shaun Burnie, Greenpeace Germany Graphic design: Alexandra Bausch, büreau-abcd.com Translations: Jean-Luc Thierry, Emma Morton Saliou

Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organisation that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace. AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHIES

chapitre 3 — France 3 BIOGRAPHIES

ROBERT ALVAREZ an Associate Fellow at the Institute BERNARD LAPONCHE for Policy Studies, in Washington DC. Alvarez served as Paris Polytechnic School engineer, State Doctor in Nu- senior policy adviser to the U.S. Energy Department’s clear Reactor Physics, PhD in Energy Economics, Ber- secretary and deputy assistant secretary for national se- nard Laponche worked at the Atomic Energy Commis- curity and the environment from 1993 to 1999. During sion (CEA) in the 1960s and 1970s. Union representative this tenure, he led teams in North Korea to establish con- at the CFDT in the 1970s, Director and then Director trol of nuclear weapons materials. He also coordinated General of the French Agency for Energy Management the Energy Department’s nuclear material strategic (AFME, nowadays ADEME) from 1982 to 1987, he pur- planning and established the department’s first asset sued from 1988 to 2012 an activity of international con- management program. Before joining the Energy De- sultant (Eastern European countries and Mediterranean, partment, Alvarez served for six years as a senior inves- China ...) in the field of energy efficiency (co-founder of tigator for the US Senate Committee on Governmental “International Council on Energy”, ICE) and was Domi- Affairs, and as one of the Senate’s primary staff experts nique Voynet's technical advisor for energy and nuclear on the US nuclear weapons program. In 1975, Alvarez safety in 1998-99. He is a co-founder and member of the helped found and direct the Environmental Policy Insti- “Global Chance” and “Shared Energy” associations and tute, a respected national public interest organization. co-author of "Energy Efficiency for a Sustainable World" and "Ending Nuclear Energy; why and how”. HIDEYUKI BAN is Co-Director of Citizen’s Nuclear Infor- mation Center (CNIC) in Tokyo. Since 2013, he has been PETE ROCHE a member of the Ministry for Economy, Trade and In- Pete Roche is an energy consultant based in Edinburgh dustry’s Joint Working Group of the and policy adviser to the Scottish & UK Nuclear Free Lo- Nuclear Energy Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for cal Authorities. Until April 2004 he was a nuclear cam- Natural Resources and Energy. He is the author of mul- paigner for Greenpeace UK for thirteen years. He has an tiple analysis and the books “Our Path to a Nuclear-Free honours degree in Ecological Sciences from Edinburgh Japan: Policy Outline for a Nuclear Phaseout” (co-autor) University. He was co-founder of the Scottish Campaign and “Critique Japan’s Nuclear Policy Framework”. to Resist the Atomic Menace (SCRAM) in 1976, which or- ganised some of the largest anti-nuclear power demon- MILES GOLDSTICK since 2008 has worked at the Swed- strations in the UK at the Torness nuclear station outside ish Environmental Movement’s Nuclear Waste Secretari- Edinburgh in the 1970s and 80s. For 30 years, he has at (Milkas) a coalition between Friends of the Earth Swe- worked on environmental matters as campaigner, and den and the Swedish Anti-nuclear Movement. Goldstick on energy efficiency matters, both as an installer and as has been researching and writing on the nu