For office use only
KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, MOHOL
Participatory Rural Appraisal Report of Magarwadi Village, Tal. Pandharpur, Dist. Solapur
Summarized by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol Solapur - 413002, M.S.
2012-13
CONTENTS
Sr. No. Content 1 Introduction 2 Bench mark survey Climate and Land Holding Pattern Soil Type and Soil and water conservation structures Irrigation/ water Source Natural Vegetation Cropping Pattern 3 PRA Village map Social map Soil Map and Village Transect Time line Trend analysis Matrix ranking Venn diagram List Of Participated Farmers in PRA 4 SWOT and POIN Analysis 5 Seasonability 6 Major Cropping Pattern 7 Problem Cause Diagram Farmers – Scientist interaction for action plan development 8 9 PRA photo
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol Tal. Mohol, Dist. Solapur Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) - 2012 Village Magarwadi 1. Introduction:
Solapur district comes under scarcity zone having minimum rainfall (545 mm).The total area of district is about 14886 sq. km out of which 11 lakh 11 thousand 500 ha land is cultivable land. In such situation KVK, Mohol has been established in the year, 2011 located at Solapur- Pune Highway No.9 for six tahsils viz Mohol, Pandharpur, Sangola, Malshiras, Madha and Karmala. These tahsils having different cropping pattern which includes major crop like Sorghum, Sugarcane, Maize, Fruit and Vegetable. KVK, Mohol have performing different extension activities for increasing the crop productivity with introduction of improved agricultural techniques. To identifying the needs problems faced the farmers PRA survey was carried out of Magarwadi village located at Pandharpur tahsil which is 25 KM away from KVK Mohol. Village Magarwadi is having diversified farming approach which includes Sugarcane as a major crop followed by Maize, Fruit and vegetables along with supplementary business of dairying and jaggary processing. It is possible to achieve higher productivity and livestock security through KVK, interventions such as FLDs, OFTs and Training programmes in participatory mode.
Facilitators:
1 Dr. D. R. Nandre. 2 Dr.N.S. Deshmukh 3 Mr. A. G. Dighe 4 Mr. D. N. Kshirsagar 5 Smt K. A. Jadhav 6 Dr. P. G. Chavan 7 Mr. T. P. Ahire 8 Ms. S. B. Kakade
2. Bench mark survey of Magarwadi 2.1 Climate: The climate of the area is semi-arid tropical. Generally, South-West monsoon starts from June and peak rainfall occurs in July and August. Usually there are short and long dry spells occurs between the outset and station of rain.
Annual Rainfall Approximate 537 mm Period June to Oct Temperature Maximum 40.40c Minimum 120c Distribution: Temperature Humidity O Rainfall Month ( C) (%) (mm) Maxi Min Morning Evening
Jan 30.8 12.32 59.2 28.2 0.0 Feb 35 14.42 54.75 30.25 0.0
Mar 38.2 16.22 33.8 17.85 0.0 8.2 Apr 40.26 23.5 53.64 28.28
May 40.42 23.4 71.5 38 7.6
Jun 36.8 78.625 77.5 46.5 65.3
July 33.36 22.88 79.4 53.6 55.8
Aug 33.62 21.82 79 53.5 39.0
Sept 33 21.9 75.25 51 35.8
Oct 32.32 19.42 72.6 47.2 148.4 3.4 Nov 31.57 15.1 61.25 37.5
Dec 31.7 13.175 58.25 34.5 0.0 Reference: Agril. Research Station, Mohol , year:2012
2.2 Land Holding Pattern:
Sr. No. Holding (ha) No. of cultivators 1 Small (< 1 ha) 258 2 Marginal (1 to 2 ha) 531 3 Large (> 2 ha) 111
2.3 Soil Types: Soil of Magarwadi village Tal- Pandharpur varies from light to medium and medium to heavy soil. Shallow : < 30 cm (20 %) Medium : < 30-45 cm (40 %) Medium deep : > 45 cm (40 %)
2.4 Soil and Water conservation structures: 1. Vegetative bund. 2. Compartmental bunding. 3. Cement plug.
2.5 Irrigation/water source/facilities: River - Well : 500 Bore well : 768 Canal : 01
2.6 Natural vegetation: Forest Species : Anjan, Babool, Tamarind etc. Trees : Acacia spp., Azardiracta, Mango, Ber, Chilar, Subabhul Shrubs : Euphorbia spp., Cassia etc. Weeds /floara : Harali, Kena, Parthenium, Cockscomb, Lawala, Ghol, Reshimkata etc.
2.7 Cropping pattern:
Season Cereal Pulses Oilseeds Fruits Vegetables Fodder s crop Kharif Maize Groundnut Pomegranate Okra, Maize, Rabi Wheat Gram. - Banana, Brinjal, Sorghum, Lime, Grapes, Chilli, Maize Summer Maize - Groundnut Cucumber, Ginni, Watermelon Berseem
3. PRA at Magarwadi, Tal Pandharpur, Dist. Solapur The different tools used for PRA Village Map Social Map Soil map Transect walk Time line Trend analysis Venn diagram Matrix ranking
3.1 Village map The cadastral map of the village Magarwadi Tal. Pandharpur was collected from Talathi Office.
3.2 Social map The village Magarwadi is located near Pandharpur- Solapur state highway . Houses of villagers scattered in village . There are common well for drinking water in the village. The temple of god ‘Darling’ is located at the center of the village.
1. Population : 2183 2.Educational facilities Nursery/ Anganwadi : 03 Primary School : 02 Secondary School : 01 Higher Secondary : Pandharpur (20 km away) Senior College : Pandharpur (20 km away) 3.Drinking water availability : Well, Hand pump, Borewell (2)etc. 4.Temple : God Daarling 5.Material availability in the village a. Grocery : 04 b. Seeds/ Fertilizers Krishi Seva Kendra : 01 c. Insecticides and fungicides Krishi Seva Kendra : 01 6.Farm implements 1.Tractor : 12 2.Trash crusher : 1 3.Rotavator : 8 4.Sprayer : 150 (knapsack) 5.Sprayer : 7 6. Tractor drawn : 12 plough (Power) 7. thresher : 2 7.Medical facilities Name of institute In Village Nearby Village Dist. from Village /organization a.Primary Health Center: -- : Tungat 6 km b.b.Veterinary Health Center: -- : Tungat 6 Km 8.Marketing facility a. In Village/ Nearby -- : Village b. Tehsil/District -- : APMC, Pandharpur 20 km APMC, Solapur 54 km 9.Availability of technology/ knowledge source a. Information regarding agricultural : Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol practices News Paper, Agrowan 10.Industries Sugarcane : 1.Bhima Co- Operative Sugar Factory, Takali (15 Km away) 2. Vitthal Co- Operative Sugar Factory, Gursale.(25 km away) 3. Sidhanath Co- Operative Sugar Factory, Tirhe (50 km away) 4. Loknete Co- Operative Sugar Factory, Angar (20 km away) dairy Sahyadri dairy Sanket dairy Pant dairy Indira dairy Umadevi dairy Self help group : 8-10
3.4 Transect of village bitale: The transect walk was carried out inside the village with the villagers and located the various items by observatory method that are found in the village like soil, crops, animals, problems, etc. Topography Leveled Slope 1 to 2 % Slope 2 to 4 % Slightly sloppy 2 to 3 %
Soil type Medium to Deep/ heavy soil Medium Medium deed Irrigation Canal, Canal, Borewell Canal, Borewell Canal, Borewell source Borewell Crops and Sugarcane Sugarcane, Sugarcane, Soyabean, Sugarcane, Cropping Maize, Jowar, Gram, Maize Maize system Gram Groundnut Intercropping Crop rotation Intercropping Intercropping and sequence cropping Trees Neem, Acacia Neem, Subabul
Fruit trees Pomegranate, Pomegranate, Pomegranate, Pomegranate, Grape, Ber Ber Ber Kagzilime Weeds Parthenium, Parthenium, Lavala, Kena Parthenium, Kena, Hariyali, Kena Ephorbia Haryali Fodder Maize, Jowar Lucerne, Maize Maize, Jowar crops Berseem Pest and woolyaphids, woolyaphids, Wilt, Thrips, Blight, Wilt, Aphids, diseases Root rot, Tikka, Thrips White fly, Oily Thrips Blight spot Vegetables Fenugreek, Cucumber, chilli, Onion, Tomato Cariader, Fenugreek Palak, Garlic Animals Cow Khillar, Jerssey, Buffalo Pandharpuri Goat Osmanabadi Poultry Local breed
3.5 Time line:- The major events remembered by the villagers was drawn with the help of key informants. Year Major events 1941 Z. P. Primary School 1950 Diesel Engine 1956,1972, 1990- Famine 91,2003 1963 Bicycle 1965 Electric Motor 1971 Establishment of Grampanchyat. 1971 Establishment of Grampanchyat. 1975 Radio 1980-85 Hand Pump 1980 Motorcycle 1982 Chemical Fertilizer 1984 Lift irrigation 1988-89 Tractor 1990-95 Drip irrigation 1990-92 Thresher 1995 Sprinkler irrigation 1995-96 Drinking Water Well and Pipeline 1996-97 Jersey cow 1997 Knapsack sprayer 1998-99 High school 2002 Telephone 2004-05, 2010 Pest Occurrence 2005-06 Power sprayer 2005 Mobiles 2007 Bio-Gas 2010 Agril. Service Center
3.6 Trend analysis: The trend analysis in respect of rainfall, water table, cropping pattern , area of various crops grown during the year, livestock etc. was done with the help of the farmer participants involved in PRA. Particulars 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Rainfall XXXX XXXX XXX XX XXX XXXX XXX Kharif cropping area 0000 0000 0000 00 000 00 00 Rabi cropping area @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@ @@@ @@@ @@ Horticultural Crops Tomato - !! !!! !! !!! !!!! !!! Pomegranate - - - - - $$ $$$ Lime - - - - ## ### ## Grape - - - - %% %%% %%%
Area under various crops Sugarcane - - ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ Rabi Sorghum &&& &&& &&& && &&& && && Maize ** ** *** ** ** **** **** Livestock Cow Desi III III III II III II II
Crossbreed - - - - AA AAA AAA
Buffalo Local - Y Y YY YY YYY YYY 3.7 Schemes and Projects implemented: Matrix ranking: The Matrix ranking was completed with the help of the participatory farmers in respect of various crops, varieties, sheep and goat and the information is given below. 1. Matrix ranking of crops: Sr. Particulars/ Sorghum Maize Sugarcane Gram Wheat No. Crop 1 Food 4 2 1 4 5 2 Fodder 4 5 3 2 2 3 Expenditure on 2 3 5 2 3 fertilizers 4 3 2 3 4 3 Market price 5 2 2 5 3 3 Income Rank III IV I III II It is observed that sugarcane is major crop. 2. Matrix ranking of Sugarcane Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Co-671 86032 Availability of planting 4 5 1 material 2 Crop duration 4 4 3 Expenditure on fertilizer 4 5 4 Irrigation requirement 4 4 5 Ratoon yield 3 5 6 Higher yield 4 5 Rank II I
3. Matrix ranking of Maize Sr.No. Particulars / Varieties M-6240 Supreme JK-8084 1 Grain yield 5 4 4 2 Fodder yield 4 4 5 3 Fodder quality 4 3 4 4 Market price 4 3 4 5 Income 5 3 4 Rank I III II
4. Matrix ranking of Tomato. Sr.No. Particulars / Varieties Abhinav 501 Alankar 1 Plant growth 4 4 4 2 Fruit quality 4 5 3 3 Disease and pest resistance 3 4 3 4 Keeping quality 3 5 3 5 Yield 4 5 3 Rank II I III
3.8 Venn diagram: The institutional relationship diagram indicating, how close the contact and cooperation between those organizations and groups is prepared with the help of farmers. This indicates the importance of the various individuals and the institutions in and outside the village with regard to a phenomenon related to agriculture. The importance of various organizations/ individuals for a phenomenon is indicated in terms of size of the circles and distance from the centre.
VENN DIAGRAM OF VILLAGE, Bitale , Tal. Mohol , Dist. Solapur
Sidhanath Co- operative sugar factory Krishi Seva Tirhe Kendra Grampanch Tlathi Office
50km
Lokmangal 6km Co- operative sugar factory 50km PHC, 6km Village Tungat Magarwadi 25km Tal. Pandharpur 6km Vitthal Co- operative 25km sugar factory 15km Veternary Takali 15km clinic
, Loknete Bhima Sugar Factory Sugar, APMC , Angar Factory Pandharpur Angar
3.9 Farmers participated in PRA: Babasaheb Hanumant Babale Bandulal dnyanoba homkumare Vijay Shivaji Pwar Nitin Somnath Magar Narayan Sitaram Shejal Laxman Rambhau Kshirsagar Madhukar Nanoba Sondkar Hari Sitaram Shejal Dhanaji Pandurang Chavan Vasant Bhagyawant Pawar Rajendra Sandip Mane Dinkar Ananda Gombale Gondiba Narayan Dongare Dilip Dnyanoba Nakate Sachin Arun Pawar Kerbai Dhondiba Gaikwad Dhanaji Nanasaheb Pawar Vilas Prabhat Patole Adinath Ananada Bambaale Shrimant Yashwant Shinde Harish Sitaram Shelar Datttray Krishna Chavan
Abhiman Dattu Sawant Satish Chandrakant Sawant Hanumant Shrimant Kshirsagar Netaji Chandrakant yadav Shivaji Abhiman Sawant Shivaji Baburav Sutar Indrajit prabhakar Kshirsagr V. S. Mali Santosh Pawar Dhanaji Nanasaheb Pawar Chandrakant Gajendra Pwar Shivaji Ramchandra Kshirsagar Vilas Nagnath Bambale Bhagvat Nagnath Bambale Tanaji Yellappa Khedkar Nitin Chandrakant Sawant Amatrav dhondiba kshirsagar Sanjay vittthal Chvan Shital sambhaji khedkar Hanumant shivaji kshirsagar
4 .1 SWOT analysis of village: S- Strength, W- Weaknesses, O- Opportunity, T- Threats
Strength: 1. Maximum irrigation potential through canal. 2. Major areas under cash crop. 3. Village nearer to state highway. 4. Village well connected to market channel. 5. Greater participation of farmers in social activity. 6. Soil best suited for agronomical and horticultural crop. 7. Availability of organic waste. 8. Positive attitude towards livestock business. Weaknesses: 1. Excess use of irrigation through flood channel. 2. Less knowledge about IWM. 3. Lack of knowledge about IPM in fruit crops. 4. Indiscriminate use of fertigation in sugarcane. 5. Less use of biofertilizers and seed treatment. 6. Lack of knowledge about scientific feeding management. Opportunities: 1. Scope for introducing intercropping system in sugarcane. 2. Scope for enhancing diversified farming system approach. 3. Scope for increasing area under drip irrigation system. 4. Impart skill of bahar management in fruit crop. 5. Scope for increasing milk production and poultry. 6. Scope for establishment of agro based food processing industry and value addition. 7. Scope for reclamation problematic soil. 8. Scope for integrated nutrient management approach. Threats: 1. Unassurance of rainfall. 2. Area comes under scarcity zone. 3. Imbalance use of fertilizer leads to soil health hazards.
4.2 POIN analysis
Sr.No. Problem Opportunity Issues Needs 1 Problematic soil. Reclamation of Unawareness about Gatcharcha problematic soil technology, excess use Training of fertilizer Group discussion
2 Use of flood irrigation Introduction of drip Traditional practices, Training irrigation low yield, soil health Demonstration hazards. Exposure visit.
3 Less use of biofertilizers Introduction of Occurrence of pest and Demonstration biofertilizers for disease, low yield, Training sugarcane and poor quality Visit fungicide, set FLD treatment. 4 Lack of knowledge about Introduction IPM Low yield, more Training IPM package in set expenditure on plant Demonstration treatment protection measures, Exposure visit minimum pest control 5 Weal linkages of farmers Enhancing linkages Lack of scientific Training with different introducing cluster information sources, Exposure visit organization farming approach less initiative Promotion of SHG Farmers club
6 Monocropping Introduction of Unawareness about Training intercrop, diversified cropping system, low Demonstration cropping system yield Exposure visit
7 Lack of scientific Scope for developing No risk bearing ability, Training knowledge and skill skill among farmers, poor economic status Demonstration about value addition SHG’s, farmers club Exposure visit
5.1 Seasonability of weather: Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Rainfall - - - - - *** **** ***** ***** *** ** - Temperature * *** **** **** **** ** ** ** ** ** ** * Humidity ** ** * * * *** **** **** **** ** ** ***
5.2 Seasonability of crop: Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sugarcane Maize Sorghum Gram
Wheat Pomegranate Grapes Lime Banana Brinjal Tomato
5.3 Seasonability of animal diseases: Particular Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec H.S FMD Diarrhoea
5.4Seasonability of pest and disease: Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sugarcane
(Adasali) Wooly Aphid
Top Shoot Borer
Red rot
Sorghum Shoot Fly
Chikta
Brinjal Top shoot borer
Gram Pod borer
Tomato Fruit borer Fruit borer
Wilt Wilt
Pomegranate
Grape Powdery mildew
Banana Shoot borer
9. Major cropping pattern: 1. Sugarcane based production system 2. Sorghum based production system 3. Wheat based production system 4. Lime based production system 5. Tomato based production system 6. Gram based production system 7. Maize based production system 8. Pomegranate based production system 9. Banana based production system 10. Grapes based production system 7. Major problems identified in village: 1. Agronomy 1. Imbalance use of fertilizer. 2. Improper time and application of fertilizer. 3. Excess irrigation. 4. Traditional method of irrigation. 5. Lack of use of improved farm tools. 6. Less use of biofertilizers. 7. Lack of seed treatment. 2. Horticulture 1. Pest and disease occurrence in fruit crops 2. Deficiency of micronutrient application. 3. Lack of knowledge about INM. 4. Improper training and pruning method. 5. Less use of growth regulator 6. Market unawareness. 7. Lack of knowledge about green house, polyhouse, use of mulching. 8. Less care about leafy vegetable cultivation practices
3. Livestock 1. Low milk yield in buffalo. 2. Imbalance feeding management. 3. Unawareness about mineral mixture feeding. 4. Lack of knowledge about improved varieties of green fodder crops and its management. 5. Lack of knowledge about vaccination schedule. 4. Soil Science 1. Indiscriminate use of fertilizer. 2. Unawareness about reclamation of problematic soil 3. Lack of knowledge about INM. 4. Soil and water testing unawareness.
5. Food science and technology 1. Lack of knowledge about post harvest handling and storage practices of Agril. Produce. 2. Lack of scientific knowledge and skill about value addition. 3. Low risk bearing ability for agro based business. 4. Lack of storage facility for agricultural produce. 6. Agriculture Extension 1. Communication gap among farmers. 2. Less participation of farmwoman and rural youth. 3. Traditional farming approach. 4. Traditional farming approach.
8. Problem cause diagram: a. Problem cause diagram for low yield in sugarcane:
Monoculture improper crop rotation
Seed treatment less use of biofertilizers
Inadequate indiscriminate use of Nutrient management fertilizers Low yield
in Unavailability of quality s ugarcane planning material Lack of knowledge and unavailability
Unavailability of Unawareness about quality planting planting material quality material
Improper pest and Lack of knowledge disease management
Improper irrigation scheduling Lack of knowledge b. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Maize: improper crop rotation Monoculture
Uneven improper sowing plant population method Low Yield in Maize Inadequate indiscriminate use of nutrient supply fertilizer Lack of knowledge irrigation Improper use of irrigation water
c. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Gram:
Intercrop Less importance
Low Yield in Seed treatment Lack of knowledge Gram
Pest and d isease Improper Management management
Irrigation management Unidentified critical Growth stage
d. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Wheat:
Lack of knowledge Seed treatment About its importance
Uneven plant population Improper method of Low y ield sowing. in Wheat Untimely use of cultivar Lack of scientific Knowledge about variety and its sowing time Irrigation scheduling Insufficient use of water
e. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Banana:
Soil suitability Unawareness about soil status
Quality planting Lack of knowledge material
Integrated Nutrient Indiscriminate use of Management fertilizers Low yield
in Banana Irrigation scheduling Improper irrigation management
Pest and disease Lack of knowledge management
f. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Lime:
Unawareness Soil testing
Use of local cutivar Lack of knowledge
Low Yield Imbalance use of fertilizer Lack of knowledge about INMin Lime IMN
Irrigation management Improper irrigation sceduling Pest and disease management Lack of scientific knowledge
g. Problem cause diagram for low yield in grape:
Imbaalance use of Improper scheduling fertilizer
Pest and disease Lack of knowledge management Low yield
in Grape Training and pruning Unskilled practice
Growth regulator Improper stage and rate application
h. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Pomegranate:
Quality planting material Unawareness
Improper plant spacing Lack of scientific knowledge
Low Yield Imbalance use of fertilizer Unawareness INM in Pomegra- nate Irrigation management Improper irrigation sceduling Pest and disease management Lack of knowledge
Bahar treatment Lack of scientific knowledge
i. Problem cause diagram for low yield in pomegranate:
Micrinutrient deficiency Lack of micronutrient
Pest and disease Improper control measures Low Yield management INM in Pomegra- nate Improper staking method Traditional method/material
Inefficient use of irrigation water improper irrigation
j. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Tomato:
Micrinutrient deficiency Lack of micronutrient
Pest and disease Improper control measures Low Yield management INMin Tomato
Improper staking method Traditional method/material
Inefficient use of irrigation water improper irrigation
k. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Brinjal:
Pest occurance Improper chemical pesticide use
Disease management Low Yield Lack of seedling treatment in Brinjal
Imbalance fertilizer application Lack of knowledge
Weed infestation No weed management at proper stage
l. Problem cause diagram for low milk yield:
Imbalance feeding Lack of knowledge
Mineral mixture Low Yield Unawareness deficiency about importance in milk of mineral mixture Use of local buffalo breed Easily available
Vaccination schedule unawareness
Improper milking method Lack of scientific knowledge 9. Farmers – scientist’s interaction for action plan development:
The KVK scientists interact with the farmers of Magarwadi village during the discussion groups of farmers related to crop component, animal component, horticulture, soil component and rural youth was participated for identifying the problems constraints and need of farmer. During this session point raised by the farmer are given below. Points raised by the farmers:- Lack of knowledge about irrigation management Imbalance use of fertilizers Less use of biofertilizers Lack of knowledge about INM in sugarcane. Lack of knowledge about soil and water conservation practices. Improper crop rotation. Use of local varieties. Lack of knowledge about IPM, IDM in fruit and vegetable crops. Improper feeding management to Cattle and Buffalow. Unawareness about feed supplement to livestock. Low milk yield. Lack of knowledge about post harvest technology. Soil salinity.
10. PRA photos: