How to Experience God a Handbook for Evangelical Mystics

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

How to Experience God a Handbook for Evangelical Mystics How to Experience God A Handbook for Evangelical Mystics John Boruff Foreword by Mark Virkler Unless noted, all Bible quotes in this book are taken from The Holy Bible, New International Version , © Interna- tional Bible Society 1973, 1978, 1984. Used by permis- sion. Verses marked KJV are taken from the King James Ver- sion of the Bible. Verses marked NKJV are taken from The Holy Bible, New King James Version , © Thomas Nelson, Inc. 1982. Used by permission. Verses marked RSV are taken from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, © Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America 1946, 1952. Used by permis- sion. Verses marked NCV are taken from The Holy Bible, New Century Version , © Word Publishing 1987, 1988, 1991. Used by permission. John Boruff’s E-Mail: [email protected] HOW TO EXPERIENCE GOD: A HANDBOOK FOR EVANGELICAL MYSTICS Copyright © 2009 by John Boruff LifeTree Publishing Dedicated to the glory of God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit: in the Name of Jesus Christ our Lord. CONTENTS Foreword by Mark Virkler 5 My Statement of Faith 8 Introduction 12 PART 1: MYSTICAL PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES 1. Worship 38 2. Meditation 47 3. Contemplation 66 4. Spiritual Experiences 85 PART 2: EVANGELICAL MYSTICISM DEFENDED 5. Contemplative Bible Verses 218 6. Alvarez’s Defense of Contemplation 225 7. The History of Christian Mysticism 242 8. 50 of the Greatest Mystical Texts in Church History 267 9. Is Contemplative Prayer a Pagan Practice? 270 A Final Word 292 Further Reading 294 About the Author 340 Foreword 5 FOREWORD BY MARK VIRKLER How to Experience God is a much needed book. It is a thoughtful reflection on the place of “experiences” in the Christian faith. Having come out of a religious belief that our relationship with God and Jesus is largely cognitive, John Boruff makes a case from Scripture and from church history for ongoing direct encounter between God and man. This book is written for the thinker, one who wants to fully understand these “mystical” experiences. Even the use of the word “mystical” is difficult for many. Although Webster defines it as “the belief that di- rect knowledge of God, spiritual truth, or ultimate reality can be attained through subjective experience (as intui- tion or insight)”—it is a word that most Evangelicals and even most Charismatics shy away from as we are much more inclined to gain our understanding of God through our reason and the Bible, than we are through a direct en- counter with Him. For some reason we believe our intel- lect is more trustworthy than our actual experiences. You know, experiences can lead you astray. However in my journal, God said to me, “You can trust My voice in your heart more than you can trust the reasoned theology of your mind.” Wow! Do I dare believe this? Does the Bible even support such an idea? Could you find one or several verses that agree with this? Actually, when I looked I found many verses which agreed with this. I bet you will too if you search the Bible with an open heart. So can we search with open hearts? What a chal- lenge. With everything being filtered through my mind, I 6 How to Experience God was not really open to heart responses at all. At one point in my life, I could not even define what my heart or spirit FELT like, and yet I was supposed to live and walk in the Spirit! How in the world could I do that if I could not even define the sensation? Evangelicalism has a 500 year old history of making Christianity mainly a rational and theological understanding about God, rather than an ac- tual ongoing encounter with Him. In my early days as a conservative Evangelical, I wrote off dreams, visions, the voice of God, healings, tongues, and all the gifts of the Holy Spirit. Actually any direct encounter with Almighty God was considered suspect as it came through experi- ences, rather than through my intellect. And I had been taught to rely so much on my intellect. Well it is time for everyone to take another look at the Scriptures and church history and see what God Himself has to say about direct ongoing spiritual encounters. I believe if you do this with an open mind and not through the lens of dispensationalism, you will be amazed at what you will find. I was! This book will help you take an open look at the Scriptures and church history. You will explore intellectually what the Bible teaches about worship, meditation, contemplation, and spiritual experi- ences in general. I pray your heart will be open to hear and receive what God wants to say to you through this book. A living encounter with the living God sure beats a theology about Him. I know. I have had both. I pray you try the ongoing living encounter and see how it feels to your heart and spirit and soul and body. I believe if you open up and give it a try, you will be well pleased at the Foreword 7 results in your life. And if you already live in ongoing encounters with the living God, then this book will help give you an increased understanding of the experiences you are having, and offer you ways of sharing your walk more clearly with others. Having an intellectual under- standing of your experiences with God can only help, and understanding how to steer clear of the New Age move- ment while having these experiences is a wonderful blessing. Mark Virkler Co-Author of How to Hear God’s Voice January 2010 8 How to Experience God MY STATEMENT OF FAITH God. I believe that there is one God, in Three Persons: the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is omni- present—present everywhere in the created universe— and lives within Christian believers. This is a reality of omnipresence, not pantheism. I reject the pantheistic no- tion that the universe itself and nature itself is divine. I affirm that the created world and the omnipresent Holy Spirit overlap one another, but still remain distinct from one another. The omnipresence of God is the teaching of the Bible and is completely foreign to the Hindu panthe- ism of India. Jesus Christ. I believe in the Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ—that He is the only Son of the Father—God in human flesh, in His virgin birth, in His sinless life, in His miracles, in His atoning death through His shed blood, in His bodily resurrection, in His ascension to the right hand of the Father, and in His return in power and glory. Scripture. I believe the Bible to be the inspired, perfectly acceptable, trustworthy Word of God. I deny that any pri- vate revelations are of equal or higher authority than the Bible, but rather I affirm that the Bible is exalted above any spiritual experience, revelation, or prophecy—and it is the theological standard by which all spiritual experi- ences should be tested. If any private revelation ever con- tradicts the Bible, then it should be considered a counter- feit revelation; however, I do believe in private revela- My Statement of Faith 9 tions about topics that the Bible is silent about—provided that they are in agreement with the general flow of Bibli- cal morality and Evangelical/Charismatic theology. Man. I believe that mankind is naturally sinful, because of Adam and Eve’s fall from God’s grace in the Garden of Eden. Naturally the human spirit, soul, and body are corrupt and tend towards unrighteous thoughts and feel- ings. Only through faith in Christ is it possible to gain control over one’s evil desires. Though it is true that God created man in His own image, it does not mean that man is the “god” of his own universe, nor does it mean that man has unlimited human potential. Miracles, signs, and wonders that certain men can perform are not so much from their innate willpower as they are from either divine or demonic assistance. I reject the so-called “Manifest Sons of God” or “Joel’s Army” teaching that end-time Christians will become militant Christ-gods with immor- tal bodies prior to the return of Christ. Salvation. I believe that for the salvation of lost and sin- ful people, regeneration by the Holy Spirit is absolutely essential. This spiritual transformation is produced by faith alone in Christ’s atoning death and resurrection, and by receiving God’s forgiveness for sin; it is evidenced by an increase of righteous behavior coming out of a heart influenced by the feelings of divine love, joy, peace, pa- tience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. Jesus Christ is the only Way, Truth, and Life: no one comes to the Father except through Him. 10 How to Experience God There is salvation in no one else; for there is no other Name under Heaven that has been given among men by which we can be saved from the everlasting destruction of Hell. Heaven and Hell. I believe that Heaven, or the upper world, is the paradise abode of God, angels, and those that have been saved throughout the ages and have passed on. I believe that Hell, or the lower world, is literally lo- cated in the center of the Earth, and is the torturous abode of fallen angels, demons, and all who have not put their faith in the God of the Bible.
Recommended publications
  • Difficulties in Prayer: Part III Dryness and Distractions
    Difficulties in Prayer: Part III our senses occupied with something else. He gives us Dryness and Distractions graces that impact them. He delights us with this Fr. Moise, ocd, Broussey 8/19 sensory fervor that makes practicing spiritual exercises easy and pleasurable. This morning we talked about the preparation and It is easy in the beginning to go to mass, to spend hours availability needed to live out a life of prayer. When in prayer, to recite the rosary, to mediate on God’s word. we talk about prayer, we mainly talk about the time we We experience spontaneous bursts of good thoughts, have available to devote to it. This is not the goal of feelings of love and a fluttering of the heart. It’s natural, prayer. it just bursts forth. We are filled with joy at the thought We move from punctual prayer to a time of prayer of recollecting ourselves alone with God in prayer. The with the goal of developing a life of prayer. We can’t time we spend in prayer goes by very quickly, we don’t settle for the time we spend in prayer and then, turn the even realize it. We had decided to spend thirty minutes ‘God page’ and go on with our life. No, the goal of and before you know it, one and a half hour has gone by. prayer is to learn to live our entire life in God’s We are almost able to feel God’s presence. We fast and presence and under his watchful eye and influence.
    [Show full text]
  • Pentecostal History
    Pentecostal History By Tim Naab Psalms 19:7 The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple. Isaiah 8:16-20 Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples. And I will wait upon the LORD, that hideth his face from the house of Jacob, and I will look for him. Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth in mount Zion. And when they shall say unto you, Seek unto them that have familiar spirits, and unto wizards that peep, and that mutter: should not a people seek unto their God? for the living to the dead? To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them. "The loud speaker or singer believes that his self-induced hypnotic trance is *enthusiasm and he believes that this means that god is within. He doesn't know that Philo coined this word to describe those afflicted, as in Corinth, with enthus o mania - just momentary insanity. Philo "developed a doctrine of ecstasy or ek-stasis, which means standing outside oneself.' This is the highest form of piety which lies beyond faith. This mysticism unites prophetic ecstasy with *'enthusiasm', a word which comes from en-theos-mania, meaning to possess the divine. From this there comes finally the fully developed mystical system of the Neo-Platonists, for example, of Dionysus the Areopagite.
    [Show full text]
  • De Sales Introduction to Devout Life 1885
    This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com 6000097794 AN INTRODUCTION THE DEYOUT LIFE BY ST. FRANCIS DE SALES 'gebu fibilton CAREFULLY REVISED AND COMPARED WITH THE LATEST FRENCH EDITION DUBLIN M. H. GILL AND SON SO UPPER SACKVILLE STREET i88S /U-OL /. <?. gti&H ©bstat: P. J. TYNAN, S. T. D. Imprimatw : ji EDUABDUS CARD. MAO OABE Archibpiscopus Dublinensis, HlBKBNIJE PRIMAS. DEDICATORY PRAYER. O Sweet Jesus, my Lord, my Saviour, and my God, behold me here prostrate before thy majesty, devoting and consecrating this book to thy glory ; give life to its words by thy blessing, that those souls for which I have written it, may receive from it the sacred inspirations which I desire for them. And particularly that of imploring for me thy im mense mercy ; to the end that, whilst showing others the way of devotion in this world, I may not myself be eternally rejected and confounded in the other ; but that, with them, I may for ever sing, as a canticle of triumph, the words which, with my whole heart I pronounce, in testimony of my fidelity amidst the dangers of this mortal life : Live Jesus, live Jesus ; yea, Lord Jesus, live and reign in our hearts for ever and ever. Amen. PREFACE St. Jfianns iie Sales. Dear reader, I pray you to read this Preface for your satisfaction and for mine. The bouquet-maker, Glycera, was so skilful in diversifying the arrangement and mixture of the flowers which she used, that with the same flowers she made a great variety of bouquets: so much so that the painter, Pansias, failed when he endea • voured to copy so great a diversity, for he could not change his painting so many ways as Glycera did her bouquets.
    [Show full text]
  • The Devotion of the Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary
    The Devotion of the Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary “God wills to establish in the world devotion to My Immaculate Heart.” Why Devotion to the Heart of Our Mother in Her Sorrows? Because Jesus wants this devotion. “Jesus Christ Himself revealed to Blessed Veronica of Binasco, that, He is more pleased in seeing His Mother compassionated than Himself.” He said to her: ‘My daughter, tears shed for My Passion are dear to Me; but as I loved My Mother Mary with an immense love, the meditation on the torments which She endured at My death is even more agreeable to Me.’ “Wherefore the graces promised by Jesus to those who are devoted to the dolors of Mary are very great.”1 Because Our Lady also wants it! Our Lady lamented to St. Bridget that very few consoled Her by meditating on Her Sorrows, and “that the greater part of the world lived in forgetfulness of them: ‘I look around at all who are on earth, to see if by chance there are any who pity Me, and meditate upon My Sorrows; and I find that there are very few. Therefore, My daughter, though I am forgotten by many, at least do you not forget Me; consider My anguish, and imitate, as far as you can, My grief.’”2 “For this purpose the Blessed Virgin Herself appeared in the year 1239 to the founder of the Order of the Servites, or servants of Mary, to ask them to institute a religious order in remembrance of Her sorrows.”3 It is a major Request of Heaven given at Fatima.
    [Show full text]
  • Confirmation
    CONFIRMATION December 1, 2020 Dear Parents and Students, You have elected to register your son/daughter for the St. Agnes Christian Formation program this year. When registering your son/daughter it is stated that our Confirmation program is a two-year program. This program challenges him or her to grow in his or her understanding of the Catholic faith and his or her personal relationship with God. There are several points to make you aware of in preparation for Confirmation (which starts in 8th grade with the student receiving the Sacrament with the completion of 9th grade studies) (due to pandemic this school year completion of 10th grade)). Successful completion of the curriculum includes once a month catechesis, service to others, and spending time with God in prayer. The greatest form of prayer is the celebration of the Mass. As Catholics, we are encouraged to attend weekly Mass in order to recognize God’s love more fully in the Word and Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist. While the pandemic poses a particular challenge at this time, students and their families are highly encouraged to either attend weekly Mass in person (Precautions are in place to ensure everyone’s safety) or to seek out an online Mass to encourage growth in love for Christ in preparation for Confirmation. Below is a list of other expectations. Remember, these “assignments” are designed to support our students in their desire to know, love, and serve our wonderful God while helping to prepare them for the reception of the Sacrament. This process for being Confirmed in the Spirit is a commitment from the parish, support from parents, and a commitment from the student that wishes to be Confirmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Lives: Asceticism and Interiority in the Late Reformation, 1650-1745
    Hidden Lives: Asceticism and Interiority in the Late Reformation, 1650-1745 By Timothy Cotton Wright A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jonathan Sheehan, chair Professor Ethan Shagan Professor Niklaus Largier Summer 2018 Abstract Hidden Lives: Asceticism and Interiority in the Late Reformation, 1650-1745 By Timothy Cotton Wright Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Jonathan Sheehan, Chair This dissertation explores a unique religious awakening among early modern Protestants whose primary feature was a revival of ascetic, monastic practices a century after the early Reformers condemned such practices. By the early seventeenth-century, a widespread dissatisfaction can be discerned among many awakened Protestants at the suppression of the monastic life and a new interest in reintroducing ascetic practices like celibacy, poverty, and solitary withdrawal to Protestant devotion. The introduction and chapter one explain how the absence of monasticism as an institutionally sanctioned means to express intensified holiness posed a problem to many Protestants. Large numbers of dissenters fled the mainstream Protestant religions—along with what they viewed as an increasingly materialistic, urbanized world—to seek new ways to experience God through lives of seclusion and ascetic self-deprival. In the following chapters, I show how this ascetic impulse drove the formation of new religious communities, transatlantic migration, and gave birth to new attitudes and practices toward sexuality and gender among Protestants. The study consists of four case studies, each examining a different non-conformist community that experimented with ascetic ritual and monasticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Will the Real Pagan Please Stand Up?
    “—So you’re saying that in the early church there were no elders or pastors to make decisions, or to say where the money was going?” “That’s right”.... Will The Real Pagan Please Stand Up? by Dean Taylor henIwalkeduptothedisplaybooth,Inoticed ofRutz’sbookthanIhadbeenreading.Rightfromthe amongstthelineofonlookersthatanewsre- start of the book, Rutz described the communion serv- Wporter from Trinity Broadcasting was inter- ice of the early Christians as an “often-boisterous affair” viewing the author. Trinity broadcasting, a large whereeveryonewasthe“staroftheshow.”Hewentonto international charismatic television network, was asking saythat“thewhoopee part” of the meeting, which he JamesRutz,“—Soyou’resayingthatintheearlychurch calledthelovefeast,“resembledacrossbetweenaSuper there were no elders or pastors to make decisions, or to Bowl victory celebration and a frat party (with a few cups say where the money was going?” “That’s right,” an- ofwineinsteadofthekegofsuds).” swered James Rutz, the writer of the new book The Open Going further, he explained that the church lost this Church. As they kept talking, I mulled around the dis- free-for-all style of worship in the advent of church play racks looking at their latest books. It was the 1992 buildings, pastoral ministry, church structure, etc., etc. Christian Book Sellers’ Convention, and I was there rep- Then after making several appeals to the early church, resenting new books for Scroll Publishing Co. The first Rutz offers his one-and-only actual quote from the early day of the convention I received a church (well...kind of an actual quote). Claiming to be booklet by James Rutz that had ren- quoting Tertullian he says, deredthefirstfewchaptersofhisnew book. I had appreciated Seedsowers “In our Christian meetings we have plenty of Press, and, being a fellow house-church songs, verses, sentences, and proverbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Charismatic Confusion 2
    Charismatic Confusion Copyright 2012 by David W. Cloud is edition March 28, 2012 ISBN 978-1-58318-166-9 is book is published for free distribution in eBook format. It is available in PDF, MOBI (for Kindle, etc.), and ePUB formats from the Way of Life web site. We do not allow distribution of this book from other web sites. Published by Way of Life Literature PO Box 610368, Port Huron, MI 48061 866-295-4143 (toll free) - ns@wayo#ife.org www.wayo#ife.org Canada: Bethel Baptist Church 4212 Campbell St. N., London Ont. N6P 1A6 519-652-2619 Printed in Canada by Bethel Baptist Print Ministry Table of Contents Introduction ..............................................................1 Strange Things in New Orleans ...............................3 The Growth of the Movement............................ 6 Who Was There? ..............................................13 Morning Mass ..................................................24 Prophecies ........................................................29 Strange Things .................................................35 Stacks of Catholic Books .................................46 Half Stand to Be Saved ....................................53 Spirit Baptism and Slaying ..............................60 “Tongues” ........................................................65 Heresies in the Exhibition Area........................ 73 Fear Being Deceived? ......................................87 Kingdom Building............................................ 91 Despising Separatism .......................................98
    [Show full text]
  • WHY I QUESTION the ROMAN CATHOLIC FAITH by Charles G.B
    Is Roman Catholicism the same as mainline Christianity? Are the differences important? Was Peter the first pope? Was Mary sinless? Was she a perpetual virgin? Can she hear and answer our prayers? What about the mass? Why don't protestants practice it? These questions and more are addressed in WHY I QUESTION THE ROMAN CATHOLIC FAITH by Charles G.B. Evans, Ph.D. An excellent resource for any questioning Catholic as well as interested non- Catholics wishing to know more about these monumental differences. WHY I QUESTION THE ROMAN CATHOLIC FAITH Order the complete book from Booklocker.com http://www.booklocker.com/p/books/7166.html?s=pdf or from your favorite neighborhood or online bookstore. Your Free excerpt appears below. Enjoy! WHY I QUESTION THE ROMAN CATHOLIC FAITH Charles G.B. Evans Ph.D. Copyright © 2013 Charles Evans ISBN 978-1-62646-715-6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author. Published by BookLocker.com, Inc., Bradenton, Florida. Printed in the United States of America. BookLocker.com, Inc. 2013 First Edition THE QUESTION OF MARY Perhaps the most obvious place to begin our study of Catholicism would be with that of Mary, the mother of Jesus. Such overbearing emphasis and devotion to Mary is obvious within the Roman system that it is reasonable to wonder why. In keeping with the format of this treatise, let us first consider some of the things that Rome actually says about her before proceeding.
    [Show full text]
  • The Canon & Continuing Revelation
    REFORMED THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY DELIVERED ONCE FOR ALL: THE CANON AND CONTINUING REVELATION 0ST508 SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY I BY STAN MCMAHAN JULY 30, 2013 Introduction John Calvin, in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, counters the claim of some during his day to receiving new revelations from God. In doing so, he highlights the specific role of the Holy Spirit in the life of believers. He writes, “Hence the office of the Spirit promised to us, is not to form new and unheard-of revelations, or to coin a new form of doctrine, by which we may be led away from the received doctrine of the gospel, but to seal on our minds the very doctrine which the gospel recommends.”1 Calvin’s underlying assumption in this argument is the classic Reformed reason for rejecting claims of continuing revelation: the Spirit and the Word which He “breathed-out” are inseparably united, and this union is such that the Spirit will not speak against His will, character, and plan revealed in the written Scriptures (“the received doctrine of the gospel”). This argument has not been made without controversy. Advocates of continuing revelation have not been lacking in the church and have spoken out from disparate denominational perspectives. The Roman Catholic Church has continued its claim for revelation today by pointing to God’s communication through both private revelations and the ecclesiastical hierarchy--the church councils and Pope speaking authoritatively for God. From the other end of the ecclesiastical spectrum, Pentecostals have claimed the communication of the Spirit in private prayer and prophecy. What are we to make of such claims? Is denying ongoing revelation not a way of “quenching” the Spirit? The answer to these questions is found by considering God’s self-identified purpose and method for his revelation to man.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual-Intimacy-With-God.Pdf
    © 2003, Mark and Jane Burlinson, Releasers of Destiny, 2041 Woodlawn Drive, Conway, SC 29526. www.releasersofdestiny.org Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, © Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 Used by permission. Credit: The teaching in this series has grown out of the writing and teaching of Dr. Mark Virkler. His book “Communion With God,” available from Communion With God Ministries, www.cwgministries.org, is an invaluable resource for those learning to hear God’s voice. Chapter One How do I Hear God's Voice? Many Christians do not believe that they can hear God personally, intimately, continually. How did Jesus hear His Father’s voice? John 12:49 For I did not speak on My own initiative, but the Father Himself who sent Me has given Me a commandment as to what to say and what to speak. John 15:15 No longer do I call you slaves, for the slave does not know what his master is doing; but I have called you friends, for all things that I have heard from My Father I have made known to you. John 14:10 Do you not believe that I am in the Father, and the Father is in Me? The words that I say to you I do not speak on My own initiative, but the Father abiding in Me does His works. The Importance of Hearing God's Voice: John 10:7 & 9 So Jesus said to them again, Truly, truly, I say to you, I am the door of the sheep.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tale of Three Kings Free
    FREE A TALE OF THREE KINGS PDF Gene Edwards,Paul Michael | none | 01 Jun 2011 | Christianaudio | 9781610451086 | English | Escondido, CA, United States A Tale of Three Kings by Gene Edwards Many Christians found their faith shaken when many religious leaders were proven to be someone other than who they portrayed themselves to be. Gene Edwards fictionalizes several stories from the Bible in order to guide these lost Christians and help A Tale of Three Kings find their way back to their faith. A Tale of Three Kings is not only a cautionary tale, A Tale of Three Kings hope presented in a modern retelling of favorite stories. David is the young son of a shepherd, destined to be just like his father and his brothers before him. However, David's life takes a new turn when an old King visits his family and announces that David will one day be a great king himself. David's life continues to change when he saves a sheep from a bear with A Tale of Three Kings well thrown rock and later does the same with a giant who has been terrorizing a community. Instead of reveling in the newfound fame this act gives David, he finds himself the target of anger and abuse when he goes to live in a palace with a mad king. Saul, the king, is jealous of David's youth and clearly bright future. Saul hurts David in every way he can in order to break his spirit. However, David does not react to this poor treatment the way everyone expects him to.
    [Show full text]