michelle lee neu 2018 HISTORY

58 BC the Romans conquered Switzerland’s early inhabitants, the Helvetti

germany

france switzerland austria

7c-9c the country was converted to Christianity spain italy

zürich lake zürich west virginia 62,756 sq km 1033 lake of Switzerland was united as part lucerne of the Holy Roman Empire lake neuchâtel P S lake L geneva A geneva switzerland 41,285 sq km

1291 POPULATION u the three forest cantons of Uri, rb a n n Schwyz and formed o i p

t

switzerland 8.24 million o

a p a defensive league and signed a l

u u 73.9%

p l

a

perpetual covenant, declaring their 26.1% o t

p

i

germany 80.6 million

o l

n a

freedom and promising mutual r u

support. This marked the start austria 8.75 million r of the Swiss confederation italy 62.1 million

france 67.1 million

5 b 16.7% 1 e 48.9 million r t w spain e d e

n e n

u

1499 1 67.3%

5

5

&

Maximilian I signed the Peace 6

6 r

e 4

v Treatyof Basle, making Switzerland o life expectancy virtually independent from the 16% Holy Roman Empire 81.6 years

85.5 years

1481-1513 , , Basle, 54.9% 45.1% Schaffhausen and Appenzell joined the confederation

1516 romansh 0.6% jewish 0.4% hindu 0.5% Switzerland signed a perpetual italian other 0.6% 8% alliance with France after being muslim defeated at the battle of Marignano 5% non- switzerland bangladesh religious french 12% 198.6 people per sq km 1,087.5 people per sq km 23%

roman population change over the last 100 years catholicism 41.8% 16c 8,544,034 Huldreich Zwingli and John Calvin protestantism preached the Reformation in Zurich 37.3% and Geneva respectively. Religious 7,167,250 german christianity 63% 81% orthodox differences divided Switzerland 6,303,610 christianity 1.8%

5,296,118 other christianity 0.4%

4,265,703 1648 3,880,320 the Holy Roman Empire 3,315,443 recognized the independence of the Swiss confederation 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2018 language religion

TRADE

1798 machinery, equipment the French Revolutionary chemicals government (the Directory) 46.9 & electronics usa italy chemicals metals 93.2 established the short-lived 33.1 6.8% 6.9% 13.6 Helvetic france france 8.5% 7.6%

1803 italy Bonaparte ratified principal usa principal other 10.1% other imports other other 13.6% exports an Act of Mediation, 75.9 33.3 195 $bn germany 72.2% 54.7% 228 $bn restoring the confederation 29.1% germany 19.2%

main import main export destinations destinations

precision instruments, watches & jewellery precision instruments, machinery, equipment 1813 motor vehicles 21.9 watches & jewellery & electronics the Act of Mediation was abrogated 17.6 51.4 33.1

1815 a new pact between twenty-three ENERGY cantons was ratified by the , which recognized Switzerland’s neutrality total consumption consumption per head usa 2,376 mTOE usa 7,571 kgOE

switzerland 26.7 mTOE switzerland 3,304 kgOE

1845-7 AGRICULTURE sugar cane the seven Catholic cantons 1,408,000t formeda separate league (the Sonderbund) to protect Catholic interests

cattle pigs 1848 1,594,000 head wheat a new constitution established 1,557,000 head potato a federal state, with Bern as 550,000t 526,000t barley sugar its centre of government sheep maize apple 254,000t 241,000t 441,000 head 195,000t 170,000t

1914–8, 1939–45 Switzerland maintained armed TRANSPORTATION neutrality throughout World War I and World War II switzerland

5,651.5km 63

germany

43,468.3km 539 1971 Women in Switzerland gained the right to vote in federal elections after a COMMUNICATIONS (per 1000 people) referendum in February

82.4%

87%

42.5% 1998 international pressure led Swiss banks to compensate the families of Holocaust victims 136.7% whose stolen assets had been deposited there by Nazis CLIMATE 24 23 20 21 20 1999 15 14 a new constitution was adopted 11 temperature 6 7 high (C°) 2 4

170 175 2002 146 110 106 120 Switzerland voted in favor of 100 96 100 100 72 joining the United Nations 64 rainfall (mm)

jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec