Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series

Volume 8 | Number 1 Article 1

10-1966 of Utah mammals Dorald M. Allred Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

D Elden Beck Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

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Recommended Citation Allred, Dorald M. and Beck, D Elden (1966) "Mites of Utah mammals," Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series: Vol. 8 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byuscib/vol8/iss1/1

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Brigham Young University UNIVERSITY

Science Bulletin

MITES OF UTAH MAMMALS

by

DORALD M. ALLRED AND D ELDEN BECK

BIOLOGICAL SERIES — VOLUME VIII, NUMBER 1

OCTOBER, 1966 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN BIOLOGICAL SERIES

Editor: Dorald M. Allred, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

Associate Editor: Earl M. Christensen, Department of Botany, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

Members of the Editorial Board:

Beck, Bacteriology J. V. C. Lynn Haywahd, Zoology W. Derby Laws, Agronomy

Howard C. Stutz, Botany

Wn-MER W. Tanner, Zoology, Chairman of the Board Stanley Welsh, Botany

Ex officio Members:

RtTDGER H. Walker, Dean, College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences

Ernest L. Olson, Chairman, University Publications

The Brigham Yoimg University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, publishes acceptable papers, particularly large manuscripts, on all phases of biology.

Separate numibers and back volumes can be purchased from University Publications, Brigham Yoimg University, Provo, Utah. All remittances should be made payable to Brigham Young University.

Orders and materials for hbrary exchange should be directed to the Division of Gifts and Exchange, Brigham Young University Library, Provo, Utah. Brigham Young University

Science Bulletin

MITES OF UTAH MAMMALS

by

DORALD M. ALLRED AND D ELDEN BECK

BIOLOGICAL SERIES — VOLUME VIM, NUMBER 1

October 1966 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 1

Topographical and Faunal Features 1

HISTORICAL REVIEW 3

MEDICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE 3

ACCOUNTS OF THE SPECIES 4 Pachylaelaptidae 8 Gamasolaelaptidae 8 Neoparasitidae 8 Halarachnidae 9 Zurnptiella bakeri 9 Spinturnicidae 9 Parasphiturnix <:^lohosus 9 Spinturnix orri 9 Parasitidae 9 Macrochelidae 9 Macrocheles sp 9 10 Brevisterna tiwntaiitis 10 Brevisterna utahensis 11 stahularis 11 hchyropoda funnani 12 Ischi/ropoda armatus 12 Hiwmogtimasus uhiskctisK 13 Haemo<^(ima.sus pontiger 13 Haemogumtuius lipom/ssokles occidentalis- 14

Ilaeinoguiuuxu.'i nri\l>ul(n\)s 14 Hucmogamiisus hmgitarsus 15 Phytoseiidae 15 Klccnumia sp 16 16 Myonyssus ntontuniis 17

Hirstionysiux staffonii .„ 18 Hirst ionysiu-t tursalis 18

Hirst ionysstis uffiiii.s 19 Hir.tlioiiyssus ptihistris 19 Hirstionijssus punctalus 20 Hirstionyssus iniaginatiis 21

Hirst ionyssiis riitiimiiic 21

tlirstionysstis utiilu-iisis 22 Hirstioni/ssus aiigustus 24

Hirstioiiysstis feniuralis .. 25 Hirstiouyssiis lotigichelac 25 Hirstiomjssus tlwtnotnys 26 Hirstionysstis torus 27 Hirsliduyssus iwotoniae 29 Hirstiouyssiis hisetnstts 29

Hirstiouyssiis isiil)cllinus 29

Hirstionysstis triticunthiis 30

Hirstionyssiis hitti 30

Hirstiouyssiis inconiptiis , 30

Hirstionysstis hiicoti 31 Hirstionysstis carnifcx 31 J

Hirstionys.sus p,ivmijdi.s 31 Hirstiotiyssus ohsoletus 31 IchoTonijssiis robustipes 31 Dernmntjsnus sanguineus 32 Dermcmyssus hechl 32 Dcrnmmjssus gallinae 32 Steatonyssus antrozoi 32 Ornithonyssus aridus 33 OrnHhonyssus hacoti 33 Ornithonyssus sylviurum 33

Laelaptidae 33 Androlaehips leviculus 34 LaeUips kochi 35 Laelaps multispinosus 35

Laelaps incilus 36 Laelaps nuttalli 37 Euhruchylaelaps crowei 37 Euhrachijhelaps hollisteri 38 Euhmchiilaelaps circuhiris 38 Euhrachi/hiclaps dehilis 38

Hypoaspis luhrica t 39 Hypoaspis gurahensis 39 Haemolaelaps casalis 40 Haemolaelaps ghsgowi 40 Haemolaelaps geomys 41

Listrophoridae 41 Myocoptes sp 41 Listrophorus sp 41 4- Myobia sp 42 Radfordia bachai 42 Radfordia lemina 42 RadfordUi sidiuligcr 42 4^ Bernia, new genus 4o Berniti marita 4J Odontacarus linsdalei 44 Odontacarus niicheneri 44 Odontamrus hirsutus 45 Leeuwenhuekia americana 45 Whartoniu pcrph'xti 4o Chutui setosa 45 Chatia ochotomi 45 Guhrlk'pia inncriciina 4d

Trotnbicida californica 47 Tromhicula belkini 47 Trombicula hoplai 4o Troml>ictda niyotis 48 Tromhicula potusina 4o Trotnliicula pauamensis 4o Trombicula suhsignata 48

Trombicula liarperi 49 Trombicula jewetti 49 Trombicula sargenti 4

Tromhicula csocnsis - Tromhicula uniiciri "* Tronihiculd hanlosi 49

Tromhicula hakeri i 49

Trotnhiculii urcnitiAci __ 50 Trot)il>wula ttHinUtm nsis 50 Troniliiculu durcini 50 Trumhicuhi altrcdi 50

Chcldihrnla iTo.\.\i 50

EuschocHjjl^axtUi laccrtci 52 Euschi)cnij,a.stui Itofjiiuiiwc 52 Euschoenfj^dstiii jurmani 52

Euschocn'^iistui utulicnsi.s- 52 Euschocni^aslid soricimis 52

EuscltiH-nj^ii.stUi

Euschoenij^uiliii coiilircinii.'. 53 Eu-sclwciigastki ci/noini/icolii 53 Euschoengafititi lanei 53 Euschoeiigustiu ilecipieiis 53 Eusclioeiigustiii luteodema 54 Euschoengustia pomcmiitzi 54

Eu.schoen'iu.'itiu fasolUi 54 Euachoenguxtia rotunda 54 Eu.schocngdstui rddfordi 54 EuschoengdstUi ohesu 55 Eusclioenguitia lanccoldtd 55 Euschocngdstiu criccticota 55 Euschoengustia sciuricoki 55

Tetranvchidiie 56

Cheyletidae 56 DISCUSSION 65

REFERENCES : 66

LIST OF TABLES

Page

1. Number of mamin.ils cxamiiK-d ami fouiul iiifi-sted with ectoparasite.s in Utah 1

2. -liost relationships in Utah 56

3. Host-mite relationships in Utah 61

LIST OF TAXONOMIC KEYS Page

Families of female anil male mites .md lar\al tromhieulids fonnd on mammals in Utah 5 Genera of Spintuniieidae 9 Genera of female Haemogamasidae 10 Genera of male Haemogamasidae 10 Species of female Brcvistcnw 10 Species of female Ischyropoda 11 Species of male hchtjropoda 12 Species of female Hacmogamdsus 12 Species of male Uucinogdma.sus 13 Females of the genus Klccrtidtiid 15 Genera of female Dcrmanyssidae 'o Species of female Hirstionyssus - 17 Species of female Dermanyssiis 31 Species of female Ornithonyssus 32 Species of male OniitJtonysstis 32 Genera of female Laelaptidae 34 Genera of male Laelaptidae 34 Species of female Laehips 35 Species of female Eubrachylaelaps 37 Species of female Hypoaspis 39 Species of female H(lemohielaps 39 Genera of Listrophoridae 41 Genera of Myobiidae 42 Species of female Radfordia 42 Genera of larval Trombiculidae 43 Species of larval Odontacarus 44 Species of larval Chatki 45 Species of larval TrnmhicuUi 46 Species of larval Euschnengastia 51 MITES OF UTAH MAMMALS

by

Dorald M. Allred and D Elden Beck'

INTRODUCTION

In 1949 a systematic survey was initiated by pencil drawings of the chiggers. We are grate- the junior author to determine the ecological ful to the manv students and faculty of the relationships of parasitic associated Department of Zoology and Entomology and with reptiles, birds, and mammals in Utah. others who collected mites over the past 16 Emphasis was given to the rcxlents rather than years. the larger mammals, birds, reptiles, and nests Topographical and Fau.nal Feaitires which were collected less frecjuentlv. Approxi- mately 9,000 small mammals were examined for Utah encompasses the western part of the ectoparasites between April, 1949, and August, Upper Colorado River Basin and the eastern

1965 (Table 1). Financial support was obtained part of the Great Basin (Fig. 615). The diversi- from the National Institutes of Health (Grants fied topographv varies in elevation from 2,760

E-102, E-1273, AI-01273, and AI-01273-08) and ft to 13,498 ft, and tlie biotic features vary from from Brigham Young University primarily to desert shrub to alpine areas. Consequently tliere study fleas and , but lice and mites also is a great diversity of habitats and fauna within were collected. The records of the mites taken the state. For further descriptions of the biotic during the sixteen-year period constitute the and faunal areas of these basins, refer to the basis of this report. excellent discussions by Durrant (1952), Beck Financial support specifically for analysis (1955), and Hayward, Beck, and Tanner (1958). and publication of the data on mites was re- ceived from the National Institutes of Health TABLE 1. NUMHEHS OF MAMMAI..S EXAMINED AND FOUND IN BETWEEN 1949 (Grants GM 12321-01 and GM 12321-02). Re- INFESTED WITH ECTOPARASITES UTAH AND 1965 ( BRIGHAM VOUNC UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF lease time was allowed the senior author by ZOOLtXJY AND ENTOMOLOGY, PROJECT 10). Brigham Young University as a Faculty Re- search Fellow (1965-66) to pursue work on this No. infested with; project. Other financial support and facilities furnished bv Brigham Young L^niversity in past years contributed considerably toward our ob- Group and species' jectives. We appreciate the kindness of Dr. Russell W. Strandtmann, Texas Technological SHREWS

College; Dr. Frank J. Radovsky, George Wil- liams Hooper Foundation; Dr. James M. Bren- nan, Rocky Mountain Laboratory; Dr. Richard B. Loomis, California State College at Long Beach; and Dr. Clive D. Jorgensen, Brigham Young University, for identification and/or veri- fication of identification of some of the mites, for suggestions pertaining to some of the taxo- nomic problems, and for critical review of the manuscript. Many technicians assisted in mount- ing the mites over several years, hut we are especially grateful to Mr. Selby Herrin, graduate student at Brigham Young University, for most of the mounting as well as pencil drawings of the mesostigmatids. Mr. Morris Goates, Skyline High School, Salt Lake City, identified and made

•Department of 7.

Sylvihigus sp. 79 S. auduhonii S. idahoensis S. nuttallii )

Mites of Utah Mammals

HISTORICAL REVIEW

Until recent years little was published on red (19.56) discussed mites of the genus Brevi- p;irasitic mites from Utah. Keegan ( 1949, 1953, sterna, listed additional host and distribution 1956b) described a new species, erec-ted a new records, and composed a key to the species. genus based on Utah material, and listed a num- Howell, Allred and Beck (1957) studied mites ber of new records for the state. Allred and foimd in woodrat nests and listed parasitic as

Beck ( 1953b ) described a new species of chig- well as free-living species. Allred and Marchette ger { which was later synonymized by Brennan (19.57) studied the feeding habits of Brevisterna and Beck, 1955), and studied mites of woodrat utahensis in Utah. Talley ( 19.57 ) studied the nests in Utah (1953a). Allred (19.54a, 19.54c, nasal mites of blackbirds. Allred and Roscoe

1957b, 1957c, 1957d, 1958) studied mites found ( 1957 ) studied p;irasitic mites in woodrat nests. on mice of the genus Feromijscus in Utah, de- Howell and Elzinga (1962) described a new scribed a new species (19.57a), discussed mor- species of fiu" mite and composed a key to the phological variations and bionomics ( 1954b, species of Radfordici. Elzinga (1960) listed mites 1957e, 19571, 1957g, 1965), and listed additional of rodents from one specific area in Utah, and host records (1961). Furman and Tipton (19.55) Ho (1962) listed mites from two areas. Ash named a new species from Utah and composed (1963) studied the mites of deer mice in a a key to the known species of Mi/om/sstis. Bren- chaparral community. Jenkins (1965) listed ' nan and Beck ( 19.55 listed host and distribu- records of mites from squirrels taken in 12 tion records, named new species, and included counties. a key to the chiggers of Utah. Lipovsky, Crossley Other workers have published data on mites and Loomis ( 1955 ) also named a new genus from Utah principally as incidental records asso- and species of chigger from Utah. Woodbury (1956a, 1956b) composed a checkUst of mites ciated with studies of other areas or fauna. taken in ecological studies at Dugway and in- These are listed in the species discussions that dicated host relationships. Strandtmann and All- follow.

MEDICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

Dermamjssus americanus and D. guUiiuic kuchi has a suspected implication with tularemia have been involved with encephalomyelitis, but (Baker, et ah, 19.56). Nothing is known of the

their exact relationship with the virus is not potential of other species of Laelaps which oc- entirely clear (Baker et ah, 19.56). Transmission cur in Utah. of trypanosomes and avian spirochaetosis has Tularemia has been isolated from Eulaelaps been demonstrated for D. gallinae ( Macfie and stabularis and Haemolaehips mohrae (Baker, Thompson, 1929; Manwell and Johnson, 1931; et al., 1956). Other species of Haemolaelaps, Seddon, 1951). Rickettsialpo.x transmission has including the cosmopolitan H. glasgowi, have been related to D. sanguineus ( Huebner ct al.. not as yet been implicated with disease trans- 1946). Tlie implication of these species with mission. Ornithosis virus of turkeys has been disease suggests a similar potential for D. becki isolated from Haemolaelaps cusalis, Haemoga- which also occurs in Utah. masiis pontiger, and Ornithonijsstis sijlvianim

Ornithomjssus hacoti has been involved with (Eddie, ef a/., 1962). murine typhus, rickettsialpo.x, tularemia, plague Hirstiomjssus Isahellinus has been implicated and nematode parasites (Baker et ah, 1956). Transmission of encephalomyelitis and New- with tularemia in the laboratory (Francis and castle disease has been related to O. si/lvkirum Lake, 1922). (Baker et al, 1956). In addition to their disease transmission po- Laelaps jettmari has been involved with tential, mites occasionally are pests of man by hemorrhagic fever (Asanuma, 19.52), and L. their bites or invasion of his tissues. Derviamjssus

•.\lthough the printed date on this publication is il Deienilier lOj-'i. i

for purposes of priority this reference should be considered as I'l'i'i, 1 paper il is listed as 1955. Bhigham Young University Science Bulletin gallinae, D. sanguineus, O. bacoti, O. bursa, O. temperate desert areas of Utah, and the presence sylviarum and H. casalus have been known to of many mites which have been implicated with attack man, and there is some circumstantial disease transmission as shown above, create a evidence to incriminate E. stabularis and H. potential reservoir of diseases in nature com- pontiger. Still other parasitic mites may bite municable to man, which necessitates an in- man on occasion. creased knowledge of their natural history and The high populations of rodents in the other aspects of ecology.

ACCOUNTS OF THE SPECIES

In the discussion that follows, a brief state- distribution in Utah (northerly or southerly) ment is given about each family represented, and occurrence in the Great Basin or Upper usually followed by a listing of each species Colorado River Basin are indicated (Fig. 615). known to occur in Utah. However, several fami- Apparent host preferences and other mite species Ues are listed for which mites were not identified associations are also listed. beyond the family level. These were occasionally Keys to families, genera and species ;u-e in- found on mammals but are not considered regu- serted where appropriate. Keys to tlie nymphs lar consortes with them. Their inclusion is for and males of some groups of are convenience in separating them from mites lacking because of insufficient descriptions, or which have more common occurrence and which because these stages are unknown for many for the most part are parasitic on their mam- species. Key characteristics selected to separate malian hosts. the families, genera and species of mites known

Following the list of each species, comments to occur on mammals in Utah are for the most on taxonomic or morphological variations are in- part those which are m.ost easily seen. These may cluded when applicable. Under the heading not be valid when dealing with species not in- "Distribution," published records for the United cluded here. A properly cleared and mounted States are noted. In most cases only the earliest specimen is a necessary prerequisite to its iden-

published record is given. Recently published tification when deahng with the dorsal plate, hterature which duplicates previous records is chelicerae, legs, and specialized seta on the not indicated. Where more than ten hosts are palpal tarsus. Such characters are best seen with known for a state other than Utah, only a gen- a phase-contrast microscope. Where a specific eral statment on host relationships is given. feature Ls not visible or for the purpose of veri- Names for host records were taken verbatim fication, structures other than those listed in the from literature references. In Table 3 the equiva- keys may be used, and drawings of these for genus lent names listed by Hall and Kelson ( 1959) are most species or a representative of each indicated in parentheses. For more specific lo- or family are appended. Setae usually are not cality references, records for Utah are hsted by shown except on the ventral plates of the meso- county. stigmatids and the scuta of the trombicidids. using Following the heading "Other Utah Records" The keys to the males were composed other Utah, and or "Utah Records," heretofore unpublished data some specimens from areas than descriptions. Relating the male are listed as represented by our surveys over the from literature \vith which it Ls found past sixteen years. For the most part the only or nymph to the female discretion should be records given are those which are new host or is an aid to its identity, but verification should be county records for Utah. In most instances where used. Where possible, the specimen with one whose our collections duplicate previously listed rec- made by comparing is known, with the description of ords, we have not repeated them. Each of our identity and the type where such is adequate and available. records is represented bv detailed collection data

in our files, but it is not practical to list such In the descriptions of new species, measure- details at this time. Information on these data ments given are in microns. For purposes of may be obtained by re(]uest. "Seasonal Occur- structural orientation and to avoid duplication, 1 rence" is a summary of montlis over the total figure references in the keys relate to Figures sixteen-year period. Under "Comments" when to 5 on pages 5 to 7, and other illustrations be- sufficient data are available, the geographic ginning on page 71. )

Mites of Utah Mammals

COXA I

TRITOSTERNUM

STERNAL PLATE

STERNAL PORE

3rd STERNAL SETA

PERITREME STIGMA GENITOVENTRAL PLATE

COXA IV

GENITOVENTRAL SETA

METAPODAL PLATE

ACCESSORY SETA

ANAL PLATE

ANUS

ADANAL SETA

POSTANAL SETA

F