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A Quelarre Segundo Semestre 2010. Número 19 Aquelarre segundo semestre 2010. Número 19 Aquelarre Universidad del Tolima Año 2010 Volumen 9 Nº 19 ISSN 1657-9992 Centro Cultural Universidad del Tolima Nº 19 Segundo semestre 2010 Revista de fi losofía, política, arte y cultura. Centro Cultural de la Universidad del Tolima Revista del Centro Cultural de la Universidad del Tolima. Rector: Dr. Jesús Ramón Rivera Bulla Director: Julio César Carrión Castro Editor: Jorge Octavio Gantiva Silva Consejo Editorial: César Augusto Fonseca Árquez Carlos Arturo Gamboa Lisandro Angulo Manuel León Cuartas Felix Raúl Martínez Cleves Alexander Martínez Rivillas Gabriel Restrepo Forero María Victoria Valencia Robles Libardo Vargas Celemín Asistentes : Leidy Ximena Mesa María Angélica Mora Buitrago Diseño y Diagramación: Leonidas Rodríguez Fierro Impresión: León Gráfi cas Ltda. Dirección postal: Centro Cultural Universidad del Tolima Barrio Santa Helena - Ibagué Teléfono: (+)57-8-2669156 - Ibagué Correo electrónico: [email protected] [email protected] Tabla de contenido Carta a los lectores El olvido de lo inolvidable ..........................................................................................9 En el Bicentenario: consideraciones en torno al paradigma de François-Xavier Guerra sobre las “Revoluciones Hispánicas” .....................................13 Medófi lo Medina El hispanoamericanismo anticolonial en Bolívar .......................................................41 Rafael Pompilio Santeliz América Latina hoy: la estrategia conservadora “posneoliberal” para la estabilización capitalista ............................................................................................................................................75 Beatriz Stolowicz De independencia, memoria herida e identidad: móviles para una refl exión ..............83 Juan Manuel Cuartas R. El costumbrismo y la política..................................................................................................................................................97 Félix Raúl Martínez Cleves Gramsci, America Latina y los intelectuales .............................................................115 Jorge Gantiva Silva La tragedia de Edipo desde la orilla de América Ladina ...........................................129 Gabriel Restrepo Aproximación a la recepción en Colombia del liberalismo y el utilitarismo europeo, y la interpretación del reformismo religioso francés a fi nales del siglo xix en El Líbano, Tolima ..............................................................................................139 Alexander Martínez Rivillas Algunas consideraciones necesarias para desprivatizar la universidad pública ...........155 Carlos Arturo Gamboa Bobadilla Consideraciones para empeorar la confusa situación del profesor de literatura .........165 Rigoberto Gil Montoya Pedagogía crítica: esperanzas y desafíos en esta coyuntura socio-histórica latinoamericana. ..............................................................................171 José Leonardo Sequera H. La naturaleza de las cosas ........................................................................................187 Luis Rozo Importancia del burro en la literatura. La alegría de leer ..........................................197 Numas Armando Gil Olivera Revista del Centro Cultural Universitario Ofensiva en el jardín de la danza .............................................................................205 Julio Olaciregui Una mirada en el espejo ..........................................................................................209 Oscar Arquez Van-Strahlen Aquelarre 5 La salida salomónica de Kalmanovitz ......................................................................219 Guillermo Bustamante Z. Las imágenes desde el Bicentenario: un espejo retrovisor .........................................225 María Victoria Valencia Robles Las tardes de Manuela .............................................................................................233 Hugo Manuel Barrero Cátedra L ibre: .........................................................................................................237 Consagración de la vida “Cantata n° 24”.................................................................239 César Augusto Zambrano Rodríguez Universidad del Tolima Centro Cultural de la 6 Portada: Los comuneros, estudio para mural. Acuarela sobre papel. Ignacio Gómez Jaramillo Contraportada: Estudio para el mural de la Liberación de los esclavos. Acuarela sobre papel. De Ignacio Gómez Jaramillo Aquelarre, revista no venal, editada por el Centro Cultural de la Universidad del Tolima. Revista del Centro Cultural Universitario Aquelarre 7 Carta a los lectores El olvido de lo inolvidable 200 años de la Independencia, 100 de la Revolucion Mexicana, 10 de un siglo en el abismo areciera un capricho de la historia El tiempo que devora nuestra condición, nos discurrir por decenas de años como abre interrogantes y caminos de esperanza. El Psi fueran los saltos de un Tigre mito- historiador Medófi lo Medina, haciendo una lógico oriental, con piel de noche y un ángel referencia al Bicentenario de la Independencia, alicaído, cuyas fauces y “ojos desorbitados” señala que “En la contabilidad decimal del bordean la vida, la naturaleza y la historia. tiempo histórico ciertos hitos (centenario, Tras 200 años a cuestas de una república sesquicentenario, bicentenario), adquieren señorial, ensangrentada por las múltiples signifi cación emblemática. Si se miran con violencias, atravesada por la larga “guerra algún cuidado esos nudos amarrados por permanente” y un olvido estremecedor de in- decenas de años, se encontrará que ellos justicia, frivolidad y cinismo; el Bicentenario constituyen enormes pantallas en las que se de la Independencia de América Latina y el proyectan, al tiempo que los motivos que Caribe ha mostrado hasta la saciedad cómo se conmemoran, los temas que atraviesan y “los vencedores no han cesado de vencer”. conmueven a las sociedades”. La lucha por la Han construido la maquínica del olvido, apropiación del pasado histórico representa destruido la memoria ancestral, despertado un “campo de batalla” porque “tampoco los la frivolidad, sembrado la violencia y rele- muertos estarán a salvo del enemigo, si éste gitimado la dominación de los monarcas, vence. Y este enemigo no ha cesado de vencer” amos y vencedores neoliberales. Además de como dice Walter Benjamin. En Colombia, lúgubre y tendenciosa -salvo ciertos actos la conmemoración del Bicentenario careció académicos-, la “conmemoración” ha sido un de discusión y controversia intelectual, por sainete de exaltaciones a los reyes de España, el contrario, predominó un pragmatismo “fraternizaciones” con los usurpadores, deco- mediático y farandulero. En cada uno de los raciones de juegos neocoloniales, ejercicios países y regiones de América Latina se presen- de intervención y recolonización. Nada de taron una pluralidad de enfoques, corrientes entusiasmo, ni compromiso; solo el encan- y perspectivas historiográfi cas y políticas que to de las oligarquías con la recolonización disputaron la hegemonía por la interpretación transnacional. Un mundo de desigualdad e y por el significado de la celebración que injusticia, sin importar la memoria y la suerte podría sintetizarse en la confrontación de dos de los pueblos de Nuestra América. “bloques históricos”: el uno, relacionado con el modelo del Establecimiento, burgués y neoco- La metáfora del “sistema decimal” de la historia lonialista y el otro, vinculado a la resistencia, la Revista del Centro Cultural Universitario -arriba mencionada- es sólo una fi gura para integración y la emancipación. De otra parte, aludir a la singular desmesura de la historia sorprende la forma cómo fue asumido el Bi- de los vencedores y la increíble resistencia de centenario por interpretaciones que redujeron los pueblos sencillos y creadores de historia. sus valoraciones a los intereses y perspectivas Aquelarre 9 “nacionales” y “locales”, sin comprender el humanidad entera y sigue siendo un referente carácter continental e internacionalista que historiográfi co y político. El águila y el sol animaron a los visionarios de Nuestra América: despuntan todavía como fuerzas creadoras. Miranda, Bolívar, San Martín, Martí, entre Sigue retumbando el grito popular: “¡Nomás otros. Pareciera que la globalización fuera una queríamos justicia!” La revolución de 1910 simple marquesina que nada tuviera que ver fue la primera gran revolución del siglo XX. hoy con las interpretaciones del proceso his- Sus cenizas aún arden y constituyen una ma- tórico de Nuestra América, justo, en tiempos triz de redención humana y social. La gesta que exige asumir liderazgos y compromisos de de Emiliano Zapata y Pancho Villa tiene un integración de América Latina. El contraste amplio reconocimiento y vive en la memoria de estas visiones es evidente, e indica el atraso de Nuestra América. Sus alcances como la de nuestro continente respecto del resto del revolución agraria, la transformación social mundo. La integración, domeñada por las y los cambios educativos son un ejemplo de elites, sigue supeditada a los mercados y a los movilización y creación popular. Pablo Gon- negocios. La lucha por el pasado remite, enton- zález Casanova ha dicho: “la campaña por la ces, en primer lugar, a la discusión acerca de los conmemoración de la fecha se ha centrado enfoques de interpretación de la historia; y, en en quitarles sus héroes al pueblo, en hacerlos segundo lugar, a la disputa entre la interpre- parecer personas infelices
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