CONCISE LAW DICTIONARY

FOR STUDENTS AND PKACTITIONEBS

WITH SUMMARIES OF THE LEADING CASES AND A TRANSLATION OF ROMAN LAW TERMS AND LATIN MAXIMS.

BY P. G. OSBORN. LL.B.

Of University College, London, of Oray's Inn, Barri&ter-at-Law and of the Inland Revenue Department.

LONDON : SWEET & MAXWELL, LIMITED, 2 & 3 CHANCERY LANE, W.C.2.

TORONTO : SYDNEY, MELBOURNE, BRISBANE: THE CAR8WELL COMPANY, THE LAW BOOK COMPANY OP LIMITED. AUSTRALASIA, LIMITED.

1927;

(Printed in England.) Mode and Printed by the Replika Process in Great Britain by Percy Lund. Humphries & Co. Ltd. 3 Amen Corner. London, E.C.+ and at Bradford PREFAB. VVP^

THIS book is an attempt to provicre a concise law dictionary for the use of the practitioner and the student, in which the words and phrases, the rules and doctrines of the law of England, are defined and explained. Matter of mere antiquarian interest has been excluded, and space has been found to give on subjects of importance fuller notes than are usually attempted. For instance, in addition to the ordinary definition of an infant, I have endeavoured to state concisely his liability in contract and tort, with a reference to the cases.

To assist the student in his reading, the more important terms of the Roman Law have been included. To write a law book without cases is like building a house without foundations. This Dictionary is unique in my experience in. giving a summary of the leading cases in all the important branches of the law. The principle laid down or exemplified by the case is stated together, where necessary, with a brief statement of the facts, and the decision. References to the cases are made throughout under the proper headings. The student has to become familiar with a good many cases, and these notes, in a convenient form for reference, should prove of assistance. As the titles are arranged in strict alphabetical order, no references are of course given to pages. iv PREFACE.

The effect of the new Property Acts and other recent statutes has been noted.

I am under a particular obligation to Mr. Byrne for the free use I have made of his monumental Law

Dictionary, and to Mr. J. L. Montrose, LL.B., Barrister- at-Law, for reading the proofs and making many suggestions. I am indebted to my brother Mr. Harold Osborn and to Miss Helene Ross, B.A,, of University College, for their invaluable assistance. Any imper- fections which may appear I very much regret, but the sacrifice of many leisure hours will not have been in vain if I am able to help the student along his interest- ing but intricate way. P. G. 0.

" Work, work while it is yet day, and in your lives let there be no misspent hours." (WiLLis, Law of Negotiable Securities, 4th ed., p. 171.) (y )

LATIN FOR LAWYERS.

ACCENT AND PRONUNCIATION. Accent.

(1) In words of two syllables the accent is always on the first.

E.g., bo-na, ju'-ris, /6-rum. (2) In words of three or more syllables, the accent falls on the last syllable but one (penultimate) if its vowel sound is long, but otherwise on the last but two (ante-penultimate). E.g., tnan-da'-ta, per-so-tice, wa-tri-wio-m-um, cd-ve-at, Jwe-re-dt-tas.

Pronunciation. The Latin alphabet is the same as the English except that it has no w.

On the whole, the letters and combinations of letters (e.g., er, or, oh, th) are pronounced as in English.

I. VOWELS. The vowel sounds, as in English, may be either long or short. If short they are frequently indeterminate in unaccented syllables. For instance a, unless in the final syllable before a consonant, often has the sound of the final a in America.

E.g., men-set, a-cu-ttts. Such indeterminate vowels are left unmarked in the examples given. THE LONG VOWELS (a as in /ate, e in mete, I in pine, 6 in note, u in

tube, y in type) are used in the following cases : (1) In final syllables ending in a vowel. E.g., con-di-ti-o (kondfehio), /i-de-i (fidel), si-tu (situ). (2) In all syllables before a vowel or a diphthong. E.g., re-us (reus). (3) Generally in accented syllables, other than final, before a single consonant, especially if it is followed by e, i or y before another vowel.

E.g., ne-mo (nemo), pd-ter (pater), de-cre-tum (dekretum), tio-c^-o (nflsheO), ob-li-go-ti-o (ftbligashio), de-pb-no (depdnO). (4) In syllables followed by a mute before a liquid. E.g., sa-lri-bri-tas (salubritas). THE SHORT VOWELS (& as in /at, 6 in rnet, i in pin,, ft in not, ii in tub, y" in myth) are used in the following cases : (1) In final syllables ending in a consonant, except in the case of post and plural case endings in es and os. vi LATIN FOR LAWYERS.

E.g., rex-it (r&xit), hd-bet (hab&t), but res (rez), ciis-toa (kiistOz), jti-di-cea (judikez).

(2) Before x or two consonants other than a mute followed by a liquid. E.g., b'el-lum (b&lum), Tia-ben-dum (habendum), ju-dex (jude*x).

(3) Often in accented syllables, not penultimate, before one or more consonants.

E.g., pd-tri-bm (patribus), do-mi-nus (dtfmmus), 7ia>re-di-tas (hereditas). NOTES.

i between other vowels, takes the place of a consonant, and is pro-

nounced like y.

E.g., Pom-pe-ius (pttmpeyus). i and y when unaccented, are generally short except in the first and last syllable. E.g., de-bi-tor (debitor). is always short before bl. E.g., pu-blt-cus (piiblikus).

u after q, g or s usually has the sound of w. E.g., qui (kwl), lin-gua (lingwa), per-sud-de-o (perswadeo).

II. -DIPHTHONGS. Diphthongs are pronounce* as follows:

,, ae, like e. E.g., I^-si-o (leshio).

(E, oe, like e. E.g., cce-lum (selum). an as in author. E.g., can-sa (kauza).

eu as in neuter. E.g., nen (nu). III.-CONSONANTS.

Liquids: 1, m, n, r.

Mutes: p, b, t, d, g, c, k, q. The consonants have in general the English sounds, thus: ce (1) c and g are soft before e, i, i/, and ce, but hard elsewhere.

E.g., ce-do (sedo), Ccr-sar (sczer), but cum (kiim), co-pi-un (kftpias).

(2) c, s, t and x are aspirated before i preceded by an accented syllable and followed by a vowel.

K.g., 6-ti-a (oshia), Al-si-um (alshium), /a'-cie (fashe).

t is hard, however, if after s, t or x.

E.g., re-sti-tu-ti'O (restitiishio).

(3) 8 is pronounced like z at the end of a word after e, a?, an, b,

in, n or r, and where influenced by analogy to the English word.

E.g., pars (parz), spes (spez), can-sa (kauza). ( vii)

TABLE OF REGNAL YEARS OF ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS.

(a) Henry VI (restored) 9 October, 1470, to about April, 1471. (ty Jane 6 July to 17 July, 1563. Mary married Philip, 25 July, 1554. (c) Not king dc facto until 29 May, 1660. (d) Mary died 27 December, 1694. 0) Regency from 5 February, 1811. viii TABLE OF KEGNAL YEARS.

George IV 29 January, 1820, to 26 June, 1830 11 years William IV ... 26 June, 1830, to 20 June, 1837 7 years Victoria 20 June, 1837, to 22 January, 1901 64 years Edward VII 22 January, 1901, to 6 May, 1910 10 years George V 6 May, 1910. INDEX TO THE LAW REPORTS- ENGLISH AND DOMINION.

A'Beckett A'Beckett's Keserved Judgments, Victoria. 1846-51. Abr. Ca. Eq Abridgment of Cases in Equity. [1891] A. C Law Reports, Appeal Cases. 1891 onwards. Act Acton's Reports, Prize Cases. 1809-11. Ad. &E Adolphus and Ellis's Reports, K. B. 18 vols. 1841-52. Add. E. R Addam's Ecclesiastical Reports. 1822-26. A. & E Adolphus and Ellis's Reports, Q. B. 1834-40. A. & E. (N.S.) Adolphus and Ellis's Q. B., New Series. 1841-52. A. & H Arnold and Hodges' Q. B. Reports. Parts 1-5. 1840-41. A. J. R Australian Jurist Reports. 1870-74. A. L. J Australian Law Journal. 1927. A. L. R Argus Law Reports, Victoria. 1895. A. L. T Australian Law Times. 1879. Al Aleyn's Reports, K. B. 1646-48. Aleyn Aleyn's K. B. Reports. 1646-48. All. N. B Allen's Reports, New Brunswick. 1848-66. Amb Ambler's Reports, Chancery. 1737-84. A. M. & Armstrong, Macartney and Ogle's Irish Nisi Prius Reports. 1840-42. And Anderson's Reports, C. P. 1534-1605. Andrews' Reports, K. B. 1737-38. Andr Andrews' Reports, K. B. 1737-38. Anst Anstruther's Reports, Exch. 1792-97 App. Gas Law Reports Appeal Cases. 1875-90. App. R. N. Z Appeal Reports, New Zealand; Johnston. 1867-77. App. Rep Appeal Reports, Ontario. 1876-1900. Arg. L. R Argus Law Reports, Melbourne. 1895. Arn Arnold's Reports, C. P. 1838-39. Arn. & H Arnold and Hodges' Practice Cases, Q. B. 1840-41. Asp Aspinall's Maritime Cases. 1870. Ass Assisarum Liber (Book of Assizes, K. B.) 1327-1377. Atk Atkyn's Reports, Chancery. 1736-54. Aust. Jur. Rep Australian Jurist Reports. 5 vols. 1870-74. Aust. L. T Australian Law Times. 1879.

B & A Barnewall and Alderson's Reports, K. B. 5 vols. 1817-22. INDEX TO LAW REPORTS.

B. & Ad Barnewall and Adolphus's Reports, K. B. 1830-34. B. & B Broderip and Bingham's Reports, C. P. 1819-22. B. & C Barnewall and Cresswell's Reports, K. B. 1822-30. B. & C. R Bankruptcy and Company Winding-up Reports. From 1918. B & S Best and Smith's Reports, Q. B. 1861-70. B. C British Columbia Law Reports. 1867. New South Wales Bankruptcy Cases. 9 vols. 1890-99. B. C. C Bail Court Cases, Lowndes and Maxwell. 1852-54. B. C. R Bail Court Reports, Saunders and Cole. 2 vols. 1846-47. B. & L Browning and Lushington's Admiralty Reports. 1864-65. B. N. C Brooke's New Cases, K. B. 1515-58. B. P. C Brown's Parliamentary Cases. 1701-1800. B, & P Bosanquet and Puller's Reports, C. B. 1796-1804. B. & P. N. R Bosanquet and Puller's New Reports, C. P. 1804-7. Bac. Abr Bacon's Abridgment. Ball Ireland. Ball & B and Beatty's Reports, Chancery ; 2 vols. 1807-14. Barn. K. B Barnardiston's Reports, K. B. 1726-34. Barn. C Barnardiston's Reports, Chancery. 1740-41. Barnes Barnes's Notes, C. P. 1732-60. Beav Beavan's Reports, Rolls Court. 1838-66. Bel Bellewe's Reports, K. B. 1378-1400. Bell. App Bell's Cases on Appeal from Scotland. 1842-50. Bell C. C Bell's Crown Cases. 1858-60. Bell. Gas Bellewe's K. B. Reports." 1378-1400. Bell H. L Bell's House of Lords Cases. 7 vols. 1842-50. Belt Bro Brown's Chancery Cases by Belt. 1778-94. Belt Supp Belt's Supplement to Vesey, Sen. 1746-56. Benl. or Bendl Benloe or Bendloe'a Reports, K. B. 1531-1628.

Benl.

Bridg. O Orlando Bridgman's Keports, C. P. 1660-67. Bro. C. C Brown's Chancery Reports. 1778-94. Bro. & Mac Browne and Macnamara's Railway Cases. From 1855. Bro. P. C Brown's Parliament Cases. 1702-1800. Buck Buck's Reports in Bankruptcy. 1816-20. Bull. N. P Buller's Nisi Prius. Bulst Bulstrode's Reports, K. B. 1610-25. Bunb Bunbury's Reports, Ex. 1713-42. Burr Burrow's Reports, K. B. 1757-71. Burr. Adm Burrell's Admiralty Cases. 1584-1839. Burr. S. C Burrow's Settlement Cases. 1732-76.

C Codex Juris Civilis. C. A Court of Appeal. C. A. R Commonwealth (Australia) Arbitration Reports. From 1905. C. B Common Bench Reports, by Manning, Granger and Scott. 1840-56. Chief Baron.

C. B. (N.S.) Common Bench Reports, New Series. 1856-65. C. C Cases in Chancery, Crown Cases. County Court. C. C. A County Court Appeals. C. C. C Choyce Cases in Chancery. 1557-1606. C. C. Ct. Cas Central Criminal Court Cases. 1834-1913. C. C. R Crown Cases Reserved. 3865-75. C. &E Cababe and Ellis, Q. B. 1882-85. C. & J Crompton and Jervis's Exchequer Reports. 1830-32. C. & K Carnngton and Kirwan's Reports, N. P. 1848-50. C. L. J Canada Law Journal. From 1855. C. L. L. R Crown Lands Law Reports, Queensland. From 1860. C. L. R Common Law Reports. 1853-5. Commonwealth Law Reports. 1903. C. L. T Canadian Law Times. From 1881. C. & M Crompton and Meeson's Reports, Ex. 1832-34. C. M. & R Crompton 's Meeson and Roscoe's Reports, Ex. 1834-36. C. P Common Pleas. C. & P Carnngton and Payne's Reports, N. P. 1823-41. C. P. Coop C. P. Cooper's Practice Cases. 1837-38. C. P. D Common Pleas Division. 1875-80. C. P. U. C Common Pleas Reports, Upper Canada. 1850-81. C. Rob C. Robinson's Admiralty Reports. 1799-1808. Cases. 1726-1821. C. S. & P Craigie, Stewart and Paton Appeal Ca Case, or Placita. Ca. temp. F Cases in the time of Finch. 1673-80. of K. B. Ca. tfemp. Holt Cases in the time Holt, K. B. Ca. temp. H Cases in the time of Hardwicke, 1724-33. Ca. t. K u.. Cases in the time of King, Chancery, Calth Calthorp's Reports, K. B. 1609-18. xii INDEX TO LAW EEPORTS.

Cam Cameron's S. C. Keports, Canada. 1877-1905. Cam. Scacc Camera Scaccarii (Exchequer Chamber). Cam. Stell Camera Stellata (Star Chamber). Camp. N. P Campbell's Reports, Nisi Prius. 4 vols. 1808-16. Can. Com. R Canadian Commercial Law Reports. 1901-5. Can. Cr. R Canadian Criminal Cases. From 1898. Can. Ex. R Canadian Exchequer Reports. From 1895. Can. L. Rev Canadian Law Review. 1901-7. Can L. T Canadian Law Times. From 1881. Can. Sup. Ct Canada Supreme Court Reports. From 1877. Cap Chapter. Car. & M Carnngton and Marshman. 1840-42. Carp. P. C Carpmael's Patent Cases. 1602-1842. Cart Carter's Reports, C. P. 1664-76. Cart. B. N. A Cartwright's Constitutional Cases, Canada. 1868-96. Carth Carthew's Reports, K. B. 1686-1701. Cartm Cartmell's Trade Marks Cases. 1876-92. Cary Gary's Reports, Chancery. 1557-1604. Cas. Ch Select Cases in Chancery. 1724-33. Cas. in Ch Cases in Chancery. 1660-88. Cas. Pra. C. P Cases of Practice Common Pleas. 1702-27. Cas. Pr. K. B Cases of Practice, K. B. 1702-27. Cas. S. M Cases of Settlement, K. B. 1713-15. Cas. t. F Finch's Chancery Cases. 1673-81. Cas. t. Tal Cases terap. Talbot, Chancery. 1730-37. Cas. Pra. K. B. (or C. P.) Cases of Practice in King's* Bench (or Common Pleas). 1702-27. [1891] Ch Law Reports, Chancery, 1891 onwards. Ch. App Law Reports, Chancery Appeals. 1865-75. Ch. Cas Cases in Chancery. 1660-88. Ch. D Law Reports, Chancery Division. 1876-90. Ch. J Chief Justice. Ch. Pre Precedents in Chancery. 1689-1723. Ch. R Reports in Chancery. 1615-1712. Chal. Op Chalmers' Opinions on Constitutional Law. 1669-1809. Chamb. Rep Chambers Reports, Upper Canada. 29 vols. 1849-82. Chan. Chamb Chancery Chambers Reports, Upper Canada. 1857-72. Chip Chipman's Reports, New Brunswick. 1825-38. Chit. B. C Chitty's Reports, Bail Court. 1770-1822. Chit. F Chitty's K. B. Forms. Chit. Stat Chitty's Statutes. Cl. & Fin Clark and Finnelly's Reports, House of Lords. 1831-46. Clay Clayton's Reports, York Assizes. 1631-50. Co. Ent Coke's Entries. Co. Inst Coke's Institutes.

Co Lit Coke on Littleton (1 Inst.). Co. M. C Coke's Magna Charta (2 Inst.). Co P. C Coke's Pleas of the Crown (3 Inst.). Co. on Courts Coke's 4 Inst. Co. Rep Coke's Reports. 1572-1616. INDEX TO LAW REPORTS. xiii

Cob. St. Tr Cobbett's (Howell's) State Trials. 1163-1820. Coch Cochran, Nova Scotia Reports. 1859. Cod. Jur. Civ Codex Juris Civihs, Justinian Codex. Col. C. C Collyer's Chancery Cases. 2 vols. 1845-47. Coll Collyer's Chancery Cases, 2 vols. 1845-47. Com Comyns. 1695-1741. Com. Gas Commercial Cases. From 1895. Com. Dig Comyns's Digest. Comb Comberbach's Reports, K. B. 1685-99. Con. & Law Connor and Lawson's Reports, Chancery, Ireland. 1841-43. Consist Consistory Reports, Haggard. 1788-1821. Cook Adm Cook's Admiralty Cases, Quebec. 1873-84. Cooke C. P Cooke's Reports C. P. 1706-47. Ccoke & Al Cooke and Alcock's Reports, Ireland. 1833-34. Cooper Cooper's Reports, Chancery. 1837-39. Coop. t. Brough Cooper's Cases temp. Brougham. 1833-34. Coop. t. Cott Cooper 'e Reports temp. Cottenham. 1846-48. Coop. t. Eld Cooper's Reports temp. Eldon. 1815. Coop Cooper (G.), Chancery Reports, 1815. Coo.

D Justinian's Digest. D. (N.S.) Dowling's Bail Court Reports, New Series. 1841-42. Dow, New Series. 6 vols. 1812-18. D. & B Dearsly and Bell's Crown Cases. 1856-58. D. & C Dow and Clark's House of Lords Cases. 1827-32. D. & E Durnford and East's Term Reports, K. B. 1785-1800. D. & L Dowling and Lowndes' Bail Court Reports. 1843-49.

D. & ty[ Davison and Merivale's Queen's Bench Reports. 1843-44. D. & Ry Dowling and Ryland's King's Bench Reports. 1821-27. xiv INDEX TO LAW REPORTS.

D. & R. N. P Dowling and Ryland's Nisi Prius Cases. 1822-23. Dal Beuloe and Dalison's Common Pleas Keports. 1486-1580. Dan Daniell's Exchequer Reports. 1817-20. Dav Davies' Irish King's Bench Reports. 1604-12. De G. F. & J De Gex, Fisher and Jones' Chancery Reports. 1860-67. De G. & J De Gex and Jones' Chancery Reports. 1857-60. De G. J. & S De Gex, Jones and Smith's Chancery Reports. 4 vols. 1864-65. De G. M. & G De Gex, Macnaghten and Gordon's Chancery Reports. 8 vols. 1851-57. De G. & Sm De Gex and Smale's Chancery Reports. 1846-52. Dea. & Sw Deane and Swabey's Ecclesiastical Reports. 1855-57. Dears. C. C Dearsly's Crown *Cases. 1852-56. Den C. C Denison 's Crown Cases. 1844-52. Den. & P Denison and Pearce's Crown Cases. 1844-52. Dick Dickens' Chancery Reports. 1559-1798. Dip Justinian's Digest. Dod 'Dodson's Admiralty Reports. 1811-22. Donn Donnejly's Chancery Reports. Dorion Donon's Quebec Queen's Bench Reports. 1880-84. Doug Douglas' King's Bench Reports. 1778-85. Dow Dow's House of Lords. 1812-18. Dowling's Practice Cases. 9 vols. 1830-41. Dowl Dowling's Bail Court (Practice) Cases. 9 vols. 1830-41. Dr. & Sm Drewry and Smale's Vice-Chancellors' Reports. 2 vols. 1860-65. Draper Draper's Upper Canada King's Bench Reports. 1828-31. Drew Drewry's Vice-Chancellors' Reports. 4 vols. 1852-59. Drink Drinkwater's Common Pleas Reports. 1840-41. Dru. t. Sugden Drury's Irish Chancery Reports temp. Sugden. 1843-44. Dru. t. Nap Drury's Irish Chancery Reports temp. Napier. 1850-59. Dru. & yVal Drury and Walsh's Irish Chancery Reports. 2 vols. 1837-40. Dru. & War Drury and Warren's Irish Chancery Reports. 4 vols. 1841-43.

E. B. & E Ellis, Blackburn and Ellis's Queen's Bench Reports. 1858. E. R English Reports Reprint. E. & A. R Error and Appeal Reports, Ontario. 1846-66. E. & B Ellis and Blackburn's Queen's Bench Reports. 1852-58. E. & E Ellis and Ellis' Queen's Bench Reports. 1858-61. East East's King's Bench Reports. 16 vols. 1801-12. East P. C East's Pleas of the Crown. INDEX TO LAW REPORTS. xv

Ecc. & Ad Spink's Ecclesiastical and Admiralty Reports. 1853-55. Eden Eden's Chancery Reports. 1757-66. Edw. Adm Edwards' Admiralty Reports. 1808-12. Eq. Cas. Abr Equity Cases Abridged. 1677-1744. Eq Rep Equity Reports. 1853-55. Esp Espinasse's Nisi Prius Reports. 1793-1807. Ex Exchequer Reports. 1848-1856. Ex. D Exchequer Division. 1875-1880. Exch. Rep Exchequer Reports (Welsby, Hurlstone and Gordon). 1848-56.

F. & F Foster and Finlason's Nisi Prius Reports. 1856-67. F. & S Fox and Smith's Irish King's Bench Reports. 1822-24. Fin Finch's Chancery Reports. 1673-81. Fin. Pr Finch's Precedents in Chancery. 1689-1722. Fitzg Fitzgibbon's King's Bench Reports. 1728-33. Fitzh. Abr Fitzherbert's Abridgment. Fitzh. N. B Fitzherbert's New Natura Brevium. Fl- Fleta. Fl & K Flanagan and Kelly's Irish Rolls Court Reports. 1840-42. Forr Forrest's Exchequer Reports. 1801. Cases temp. Talbot (by Forrester). 1734-38. Fors. Cas. & Op Forsyth's Cases and Opinions on Constitutional Law. Fort Fortescue's King's Bench Reports. 1695-1738. Fort, de Laud Fortescue, de Laudibus Legum Angliae. Fost Foster's Crown Cases. 1743-61. Fr. Chy Freeman's Chancery Reports. 1660-1706.

G. & D Gale and Davison's Queen's Bench Reports. 1841-43. Gale Gale's Exchequer Reports. 1835-36. Gale and Dav Gale and Davison's Queen's Bench Reports. 1841-43. Gaz. L. R :... Gazette Law Reports, New Zealand. From 1898. Gif Giffard's Vice-Chancellors' Reports. 1857-65. Gilb. Cas Gilbert's Cases in Law and Equity. 1713-15. Gilb. Ch Gilbert's Chancery Reports. 1705-27. Glanv Glanville de Legibus. Godb Godbolt's King's Bench Reports. 1575-1638. Gold Goldesborough's K. B. Reports. 1586-1602. Gow Gow's Nisi Prius Cases. 1818-20. Grant- Grant's Upper Canada Chancery Reports. 1849-82. Giant E. & A Grant's Error and Appeal Reports, Ontario. 1846-66. Grif. Pat. C Griffin's Patent Cases. 1866-87. Grot Grotius de Jure Belli.

H. B. R Hansell's Bankruptcy Reports. 1915-17. H. Bl H Blackstone's Common Pleas Reports. 1788-96. H. L. Cas House of Lords Cases (Clark). 1847-66. xvi INDEX TO LAW REPORTS.

H. & B Hudson and Brooke's Irish King's Bench Beports. 1827-37. H. & C Hurlslone and Coltman's Exchequer Beports. 1862-66. H. &G Hurlstone and Gordon's Exchequer Beports. 1854-57. H. & H Horn and Hurlstone's Exchequer Beports. 1838-39. H. & N Hurlstone and Norman's Exchequer Beports. 1856-62. H. & T Hall and Twells' Chancery Beports. 1849-50. H. & W Hurlstone and Walmsley's Exchequer Beports. 1840-41. Ha Hare's Chancery Beports. 1841-53. Ha. & Tw Hall and Twells' Chancery Beports. 1849-50. Hag. Adm Haggard's Admiralty Beports. 1822-28. Hag. Con Haggard's Consistory Beports. 1789-1821. Hag. Ecc Haggard's Ecclesiastical Beports. 1827-33. Hale C. L Hale's Common I/aw. Hale P. C Hale's Pleas of the Crown. Har. & Buth Harrison and Butherford's Common Pleas Beports. 1865-66. Har. & Woll Harrison and Wollaston's King's Bench Beports. 2 vols. 1835-36. Hard Hardres' Exchequer Beports. 1655-69. Hare Hare's Vice-Chancellors' Beports, 1841-53. Harg. St. Tr Hargrave's State Trials. Harm Harmon's Upper Canada Common Pleas Beports. 32 vols. 1850-81. Harr. & Hodg Harrison and Hodgin's Upper Canada Municipal Beports. 1845-51. Harr. & Buth Harrison and Rutherford's Common Pleas Beports. 1865-66. Harr. & Woll Harrison and Wollaston's King's Bench Beports. 2 vols. 1835-36. Hats. Pr Hatsell's Parliamentary Precedents. 4 vols. 1290- 1818. Hav. Ch. Bep Haviland's Chancery Beports, Prince Edward Island. Hawk. P. C Hawkins' Pleas of the Crown. Hay & M Hay and Marriott's Admiralty Beports. 1776-79. Hem. & M Hemming and Miller's Vice-Chancellors' Beports. 1862-65. Het Hetley's Common Pleas Beports. 1627-32. Hob Hobart's King's Bench Beports. 1603-25. Hodg Hodges' Common Pleas Beports. 1835-37. Hodgins' Election Cases, Ontario. 1871-79. Holt Adm. Ca Holt's Admiralty Cases. 1863-67. Holt Eq Holt's Equity Beports. 1845. HoltK. B Holt's King's Bench Beports. 1688-1710. ttolt N. P Holt's Nisi Prius Beports. 1815-17. Horn & H Horn and Hurlstone's Exchequer Beports. 1838-39. How. St. Tr Howell's State Trials. 1163-1820. Hut. (or Hutt.) Hutton's Common Pleas Beports. 1612-39. INDEX TO LAW REPORTS. xvii

Inc. Tax Cas Reports of Cases on Income Tax. From 1875. Ind. App Law Reports, Indian Appeals. From 1873. Inst Coke's Institutes or Justinian's Institutes. Ir. L. R Irish Law Reports. 13 vols. 1838-50. The Law Reports, Ireland. From 1878. Ir L. T Irish Law Times. From 1867. [1894] Ir. R Irish Law Reports. 1894 onwards.

J. Bridg Sir John Bridgman's Common Bench Reports. 1613-21. J. Kel Sir John Kelyng's Crown Cases. 1662-69. J. P Justice of the Peace. From 1837. J P. Sm J. P. Smith's King's Bench Reports. 1803-06. J. R N.Z. Jurist Reports. 1873-75. J. R. (N.s.) N.Z. Jurist Reports, New Series. 1875-78. J. &H Johnson's and Hemmings Vice - Chancellor's Reports. 1859-62. J. & W Jacob and Walker's Chancery Reports. 1819-21. Jac Jacob's Chancery Reports. 1821-22. James Sel. Cas James* Select Cases, Nova Scotia. 1853-55. Jenk. Cent Jenkins' Exchequer Reports. 1220-1623. John Johnson's Vice-Chancellors' Reports. 1858-60. Johns. & Hem Johnson and Hemming's Chancery Reports. 2 vols. 1859-62. Jones W Sir William Jones' King's Bench Reports. 1620-41. Jones, T Sir Thomas Jones' King's Bench Reports. 1667-85. Jones Jones' Upper Canada Common Pleas Reports. Judg. U. B Judgments in the Upper Bench (First Book). Jur The Jurist. 1837-54. Jur. (N.S.) The Jurist, New Series. 1855-66. Just. Inst Justinian's Institutes of Roman Law.

[1901] K. B ...... Law Reports, King's Bench. 1901 onwards. K. B ...... King's Bench. K. & J ...... Kay and Johnson's Vice-Chancellors' Reports. 1854-58. Kay ...... Kay's Vice-Chancellors' Reports. 1853-54. Kay & Johns ...... Kay and Johnson's Vice-Chancellors' Reports. 1854-58. Keb ...... Keble's King's Bench Reports. 1661-79. Keen ...... Keen's Rolls Court Reports. 2 vols. 1836-38. Keil ...... Keilway's King's Bench Reports. 1496-1531. Kel. J ...... Sir John Kelyng's Crown Cases. 1662-69. Kel. W ...... Win. Kelynge'u Chancery Reports. 1730-36. Keny ...... Kenyon's King's Bench Reports. 1753-59. Kerr ..^...... Kerr's New Brunswick Reports. 1840-48. Kn ...... Knapp'a Privy Council Cases. 1829-36. Or Knox's New South Wales Reports. 1877. Kn. L. G. R ...... Knight's Local Government Reports. From 1903. Kuox ...... Knox's New South Wales Reports. 1877. T r xviii INDEX TO LAW REPORTS.

L. A. C. C Land Appeal Court Cases, New South Wales. 1890-1920. L. C Lord Chancellor. Lower Canada. L. C. B Lord Chief Baron. L C. C. (N.S.W.) Land Court Cases, New South Wales. From 1890. L. C. J Lord Chief Justice. Lower Canada Jurist, Montreal. 1848-91. L. C. L. J Lower Canada Law Journal, Montreal. 1805-68. L. C. R Lower Canada Reports. 1850-67. L. G. R Local Government Reports. (England, from 1903; or New South Wales, from 1911.) L. J The Law Journal. Journals of the House of Lords. Lord Justice. L. J. K. B., etc Law Journal Reports, King's Bench (and similarly for other Courts). L. J. (N.S.) The Law Journal Reports, New Series. From 183*2. L. J. (o.s.) The Law Journal Reports, Old Series. 9 vols. 1822-31. L Mag Law Magazine. 1828-1915. L. M. & P Lowndes, Maxwell and Pollock's Bail Court Reports. 1850-51. L. Legal Observer. 1831-56. L. Q. R Law Quarterly Review. From 1885. L. R Law Reports. From 1866. Law Reports, New South Wales. 1880-1900. Law Reporter. 2 vols. 1821-22. Law Review. 23 vols. 1844-66. (Irish) Law Recorder. First series 4 vols. 1827-31. Second series 6 vols. 1833-38. L. R. A. & E Law Reports, Admiralty and Ecclesiastical. 1865-75. L R. C. C Law Reports, Crown Cases Reserved. 1865-75. L. R. C. P Law Reports, Common Pleas. 1865-75. L. R. Ch Law Reports, Chancery Appeal Cases. 1865-75. L. Rt Eq Law Reports, Equity. 1865-75. L R. Ex Law Reports, Exchequer. 1865-75. L. R. H. L Law Reports, English and Irish Appeal Cases. 1865-75. L. R. H. L. Sc Law Reports, Scotch and Divorce Appeal Cases. 1865-75. L R. Ind. App Law Reports, Indian Appeals. From 1873. L. R. Ir Law Reports, Ireland. From 1878. L. R. (N.S.) Irish Law Recorder, New Series. 1833-38. L. R. P. C Law Reports, Privy Council, Appeal Cases. 1865-75. L. R. P. & D. (or M.) ... Law Reports, Probate and Divorce. 1865-75. L. R. Q. B Law Reports, Queen's Bench. 1865-75. It R. Sc. & Div Law Reports, Scotch, and Divorce Appeals. 1866-75. L. Rev Law Review. 1844-56.

L S Locus Sigilli (Place for a Seal). L. T Law Times. From 1843. L. T. R Law Times Reports. From 1859. L. V. R Land and Valuation Reports, New South Wales. From 1921. INDEX TO LAW KEPORTS. xix

L. & C Leigh and Cave's Crown Cases. 1861-65. It. & G- Lloyd and Goold's Irish Chancery Eeports. 1834-39. L. & M Lownd^s and Maxwell's Practice Cases. 1852-54. Lane Lane's Exchequer Keporfs. 1605-12. Lap. Dec Laperriere's Speaker's Decisions, Canada. 1841-72. Lat Latch's Reports. 1625-28. Law Rev Law Review. 23 vols. 1844-56. Ld. Ken. Kenyon's King's Bench Reports. 1753-59. Ld. Ray Lord Raymond's Reports. 1694-1732. Le. & Ca Leigh and Cave's Reports. 1861-65. Leach Leach's Crown Cases. 1730-1815. Lee Lee's Ecclesiastical Reports. 1752-58. Lee t. Hard Lee's Cases temp. Hardwicke. 1833-38. Lef. & Cass. Lefroy and Cassel's Practice Cases, Ontario. 1881-83. Leg. News Legal News, Montreal. 1878-97. Leg. Obs Legal Observer. 1831-56. Legge Legge's New South Wales Reports. 1825-62. Leigh & C Leigh and Cave's Crown Cases. 1861-65. Leo Leonard King's Beach Reports. 1540-1615. Lev Levinz's King's Bench Reports. 1660-97. Lew Lewin's Crown Cases. 2 vols. 1822-38. Ley Ley's King's Bench Reports. 1604-12. Lib. Ass Liber Assisarum (Year Books, Part V). Lib. Int Liber Intrationum. Lib. Plac Liber Placitandi. Lil Lilly's Assize Reports. 1688-93. Lit Littleton's Common Pleas Reports. 1626-32. Littleton's Tenures. LI. List L. R Lloyds List Law Reports. From 1919. Loc. cit Loco citata (in the place cited). Lofft Lofft's King's Bench Reports. 1772-74. Long Q Long Quinto (Year Books, Part X). Lownd. M. & P Lowndes, Maxwell and Pollock's Bail Court Reports. 2 vols. 1850-51.

Lownd. & M t .. Lowndes and Maxwell's Bail Court Reports. 1852-54. Lush Lushington's Admiralty Reports. 1859-62. Lut Lutwyche's Common Pleas Reports. 1682-1704.

M. C Magistrate Cases. Mayor's Court. M. C. C .. Moody's Crown Cases. 2 vols. 1824-44. M. C. R Magistrates Courts Reports, New Zealand. From 1906. M T Michaelmas Term. M. & C Mylne and Craig's Chancery Reports. 1836-40. M. & G Manning and Granger's Common Pleas Reports. 1840-44. M. & K Mylne and Keen's Chancery Reports. 1832-35. M. & P Moore and Payne's Common Pleas Reports. 1828-31. b* xx INDEX TO LAW EEPORTS.

M. & R Manning and Ryland's King's Bench Reports. 1827-30. M. & S Maule and Selwyn's King's Bench Reports. 181347. M. & Sc Moore and Scott's Common Fleas Reports. 4 vols. 1831-34. M. & W Meeson and Welsby's Exchequer Reports. 1836-47. Mac Macassey's Reports, New Zealand. 1861-72. Mac. & G Macnaghten and Gordon's Chancery Reports. 1848-52. Mac. & Rob Maclean and Robinson's House of Lords Cases. 1839. Macn. Sel. Cas Macnaghten's Select Cases in Chancery temp. JKing. 1724-33. Macq Macqueen's Scotch Appeal Cases, H. L. 4 vols. 1851-65. Mad Maddock's Chancery Reports. 6 vols. 1815-22. Mad. Exch Madox's History of the Exchequer. Mad. & Gel Maddock and Geldart's Chancery Reports. 1815-22. Man. Gr. & S Common Bench Reports (Manning, Granger and Scott). 1845-56. Man. L. R Manitoba Law Reports. From 1883. Mans Manson's Bankruptcy Cases. 1894-1914. Mar March's King's Bench Reports. 1639-42. Mar. L. C Maritime Law Cases, Crockford (3 vols. 1860-71), or Aspinall (New Series. From 1870).

March N. R ; March's New Cases, K. B. 1639-42. Marr Marriott's Admiralty Decisions. 1776-79. Marsh Marshall's Common Pleas Reports. 2 vols. 1814-16. Mayn Maynard's Reports, Edward II (Year Books, Part I). McCl McClelland's Exchequer Reports. 1824. McCl. & Y McClelland fcYounge's Exchequer Reports. 1824-25. McQ McQueen's House of Lords Scottish Appeals. 1851-65. Mees. & Ros Meeson & Roscoe's Exchequer Reports. 2 vols. 1834-36. Mer Merivale's Chancery Reports. 1815-17. Mich. T Michaelmas Term. Mod Modern Reports. 1669-1732. Mont. Cond. Rep Montreal Condensed Reports. 1853-54. Mont. L. R Montreal Law Reports. 1885-91. Moo. I Sir F. Moore's King's Bench Reports. 1512-1621. Moo, Ind. App Moore's Indian Appeals. 1836-71. Moo. J. B J. B. Moore's Common Bench Reports. 1817-27. Moo. P. C Moore's Privy Council Cases. 1836-62; 1862-73. Moo. & Mai Moody and Malkin's Nisi Prius Reports. 1826-30. Moo. & P Moore and Payne's Common Pleas Reports. 5 vols. 1828-31. Moo. & R Moody and Robinson's Nisi Prius Reports. 1880-44. Moo. & S Moore and Scott's Common Pleas Reports. 1881-34. vols. 1824-44. Mood < Moody's Crown Cases. 2 Mor Morreil's Bankruptcy Reports. 1884-93. Morr Morris' Supreme Court Reports, Newfoundland. INDEX TO LAW BEPOBTS. xxi

Mos Mosely's Chancery Reports. 1726-31. Mur. & Hurl Murphy and Hurlstone's Exchequer Reports. 1836-37.

N. B. Eq. R New Brunswick Equity Reports. 1894-1912. N. B. R New Brunswick Reports. 1883-1913. N. Benl New Benloe, King's Bsnch Reports. 153M628. N. C Notes of Cases (Ecclesiastical and Maritime). 1841-50. N. C. C New Chancery Cases (Younge and Collyer). 1841-43. N. L. R Newfoundland Law Reports. From 1817. N. R The New Reports. 1862-65. Bosanquet and Puller's New Reports. 1804-07. (N.S.) New Series. N. 8. R Nova Scotia Law Reports. From 1834. N. 8. W. L. R New South Wales Law Reports. 1880-1900. N. 8. Dec Nova Scotia Decisions. 1867-74. N. Z. L. R New Zealand Law Reports. From 1883. N. Z. Jur New Zealand Jurist. 1873-78. N. & M Nevile and Manning's King's Bench Reports. 1831-36. N. & P Nevile and Perry's King's Bench Reports. 1836-38. N & S Nicholls and Stops' Reports, Tasmania. 1897-1904. Nel Nelson's Chancery Reports. 1625-93. Nev. & Mac Neville and Macnamara's Railway Cases. From 1855. Nev. k Man Nevile and Manning's King's Bench Reports. 1831-36. Nev. & Man. Mag. Cas. Nevile and Manning's Magistrates' Cases. 1832-36. Nev. & P. Mag. Cas. ... Nevile and Perry's Magistrates' Cases. 1836-37. New Benl Benloe 's King's Bench Reports. 1531-1628. Newf. Sel. Cas Newfoundland Select Cases. 1817-28. North Eden's Chancery Reports. 1757-67. Noy Noy's King's Bench Reports. 1559-1649.

O. B. & F Ollivier, Bell and Fitzgerald's Reports, New Zealand. 1878-80. O. Bridg Orlando Bridgman's Common Pleas Reports. 1660-67. (0.8.) Old Series. Old Ben Benloe in Benloe and Dalison's Common Pleas Reports. 1486-1580. Oldr Oldright's Reports, Nova Scotia. 1860-67. O'Mal. & H O'Malley and Hardcastle's Election Cases. From 1869. Ont Ontario Reports. 1882-1900. Ont. App Ontario Appeal Reports. 1876-1900. Ont. Elect Ontario Election Cases. 1884-1900.

Ont. L. R , Ontario Law Reports. 1882-1900. Ont. Pr. Rep Ontario Practice Reports. 1848-1900. xxii INDEX TO LAW REPORTS.

Ont. W. B Ontario Weekly Reporter. 1902-1916. Ow Owen's K. B. Reports. 1556-1615. Oxley Young's Vice-Admiralty Decisions, Nova Scotia, by Oxley. 1866-80.

[1891] P Law Reports, Probate. 1891 onwards. P. C Pleas of the Crown. Parliamentary Cases. Practice Cases. Prize Cases. Patent Cases (from 1884). Privy Council. Probate Court. P. C. C Privy Council Cases. P. Cas Prize Cases (Trehearn and Grant). 1914-22. P. D Law Reports, Probate Division. 1876-90. P. E. I. Rep Prince Edward Island Reports. 1850-1914. P. N. P Peake's Nisi Prius Cases. 1790-1812. P. R. C. P Practical Register in Common Pleas. 1705-42. P. R. Ch Practical Register in Chancery. P. R. U. C Practice Reports, Upper Canada. 1848-1900. P W. (or P. Wms.) ... Peere Williams' Chancery Reports. 1695-1736. P. & D Perry and Davison's Queen's Bench Reports. 1838-41. P. & M Pollock and Maitland's History of English Law. Palm Palmer's King's Bench Reports. 1619-29. Par Parker's Exchequer Reports. 1743-67. Pat Patent. Patr. Elect. Cas Patrick's Election Cases, Upper* Canada. 1824-49. Pea Peake's Nisi Prius Reports. 1790-1812. Peck Peckwell's Election Reports. 1802-06. Pelham Pelham's Reports, South Australia. 1865-66. Pet Peters' Prince Edward Island Reports. 1850-72. Petit Br (Petit Brooke) Brooke's New Cases. 1515-58. Phil Phillips' Chancery Reports, 1841-49. Philhmore's Ecclesiastical Reports. 1809-21. Phil. Ecc. R Philhmore's Ecclesiastical Reports. 3 vols. 1809-21. Phil Judg.. Philhmore's Ecclesiastical Judgments. 1867-75. PI. Com Plowden's Commentaries. 1550-80. Poliex Pollexfen's King's Bench Reports. 1669-85. Pop Pophara's King's Bench Reports. 1592-1627. Pr. C. K. B Practice Cases in the King's Bench. Pr. Ch Precedents in Chancery, by Finch. 1689-1722. Pr. Exch Price's Exchequer Reports. 1814-24. Pugs Pugsley's Reports, New Brunswick. 1872-77 Pugs. & Bur Pugsley and Burbidge's Reports, New Brunswick. 1878-82. Pyke Pyke's Lower Canada King's Bench Reports. 1809-10.

Q. B Queen's Bench Reports. 1841-52. [1891] Q. B Law Reports, Queen's Bench. 1891 onwards. Q B. D Law Reports, Queen's Bench Division. 187T>-90. Q. B. R Queen's Bench Reports, Adolphus and Ellis (New Series). 1841-52. INDEX TO LAW REPORTS. xxiii

Q. B. U. C Queen's Bench Reports, Upper Canada. 1844-81. Q. C. B Queensland Criminal Reports. 1860-1906. Q. J. P. R Queensland Justice of the Peace Reports. From 1907. Q. L. J. N. C Queensland Law Journal, Notes of Cases. 1879- 1901. Q. L. R Quebec Law Reports. 1874-91. Q. O. R Quebec Official Reports. From 1892. Q P. R Quebec Practice Reports. Prom 1897. Q. S. C, R', Queensland Supreme Court Reports. 1860-81. Q. W. N Queensland Weekly Notes. From 1908. Queens. L. R Queensland Law Reports. 1876-78. Quinti, Quinto Year Book, 5 Henry V.

R The Reports. 1893-95. R. C Railway Cases (from 1855). Registration Cases. R. J. Rapports Judiciaires Ofiiciels, Quebec. From 1892. R. R Revised Reports. 1785-1866. R. S. C Rules of the Supreme Court. Rail. & Can. Cas Railway and Canal Traffic Cases. From 1855. Rams. App Ramsey's Appeal Cases, Quebec. 1873-86. Rast Rastell's Entries. Raym Lord Raymond, King's Bench and Common Pleas. 1694-1732. Raym. T Sir Thomas Raymond's King's Bench Reports. 1660-84. Rep Coke's King's Bench Reports. Rep. Cas. Eq Gilbert's Chancery Reports. 1705-27. Rep. Cas. Pr Cooke's Practice Cases. 1706-47. Rep. Ch Reports in Chancery. 1615-1712. Rep. Eq Gilbert's Reports in Equity. 1705-27. Rep. t. Hard Lee's Reports temp. Hardwicke, King's Bench. 1733-38. Res. & Eq. J Reserved and Equity Judgments, New South Wales. 1845. Rev. de Jur Revue de Jurisprudence, Quebec. From 1895. Rev. Lg La Revue L^gale, Quebec. 1869-92. Ridg. t. H Ridgeway's Reports temp. Hardwicke. 1733-37. Ritch Ritchie's Equity Reports, Nova Scotia. 1872-82. Rob Robertson's Ecclesiastical Reports. 2 vols. 1841-53. Rob. C C. Robinson's Admiralty Reports. 6 vols. 1799- 1809. Rob. W W. Robinson's Admiralty Reports. 3 vols. 1838-52. Rob. Pr Robinson's Practice Cases, Ontario. Rolle Rolle's King's Bench Reports. 1614-25. Roll. Abr Rolle's Abridgment. Rom Romilly's Notes of Cases, Chancery. 1767-87. Rose. P. C Koscoe's Prize Cases. 1745-1859. Rot. Cur. Reg Rotuli Curiae Regis. 1194-99. Rot. Parl Rotuli Parliamentorum. 1278-1553. xxiv INDEX TO LAW REPORTS.

Bui. Gas Ruling Cases (Campbell). Russ. Russell's Chancery Reports. 1823-29. Russ. Elect. Cas Russell's Election Cases, Nova Scotia. 1874. Russ. & Ches Russell and Chesley's Reports, Nova Scotia. 1875-79. Russ. & Geld Russell and Geldert's Reports, Nova Scotia. 1879-95. Russ. & M Russell and Mylne's Chancery Reports. 2 vols. 1829-31. Russ. & Ry Russell and Ryan's Crown Cases Reserved. 1799-1823. Ry. Cas Reports of Railway Cases. 7 vols. 1835-55. Ry & M Ryan and Moody 's Nisi Prius Reports. 1823-26.

S. A. L. R South Australian Law Reports. 1867-92. 8. A, S. R South Australian State Reports. 1921.* S. C Same Case. Supreme Court. [1907] 8. C Court of Session Cases. 1907 onwards. S. C. R Supreme Court Reports, Canada. From 1877. Of New South Wales. 1862-79. S. P Same Point. S. R New South Wales Reports. From 1901. Or Queensland State Reports. From 1908. S & M Shaw and Maclean's House of Lords Cases. 1835-38. S & Sm Searle and Smith's Probate and Divorce Reports. 1859-60. S. & T Swabey and Tristram's Probate and Divorce Reports. 1858-65. Salk Salkeld's King's Bench Reports. 1689-1712. Saund Saunders' King's Bench Reports. 1666-73. Saund. & C Saunders and Cole's Bail Court Reports. 2 vols. 1846-48. Sav Savile's Common Pleas Reports. 1580-94. Say Sayer's King's Bench Repbrts. 1751-56. Sc Scott's Common Pleas Reports. 1834-40. Sco Scott's Common Pleas Reports. 1834-40. Sco. N. R Scott's New Reports Common Pleas. 1840-45. Seign. Rep Seigniorial Reports, Lower Canada. 1856. Sel. Cas. N. F Select Cases, Newfoundland. 1817-28. Sel. Cas. Ch. (t. King) Select Cases in Chancery temp. King. 1724-33. Seld. Soc Selden Society Publications. Shep. Touch