FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

BROOKVILLE LAKE PROJECT EASTFORK WHITEWATER RIVER INDIANA

PREPARED BY! U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT/ LOUISVILLE LOUISVILLE/ KENTUCKY

SUMMARY BHOOKVILLS LAKE PROJECT EAST FORK V/HI IE WATER r i v e r INDIANA

( ) Draft (*'•) Final Environmental Statement

Responsible Office; U. S. Army Engineer District, Louisville, Kentucky

1. Name of Action: (X) Administrative ( ) Legislative

2. Description of Action: Completion of construction of the Brookville Dam and related project works on the East Fork of V/hitewater River immediately north of Brookville, Indiana and the creation of a lake located in Franklin and Union Counties for the purposes of flood control, general recreation, water supply, and fish and wildlife enhancement.

3 a. Environmental Impacts. The project will provide flood reduction for downstream floodplains, water storage for the State of Indiana, increase the recreational opportunity and place 17,025 acres in public ownership.

b. Adverse Environmental Effects. The following effects are considered adverse: loss of free flowing stream (24 miles at flood control pool) and attendant ecology, loss of land and associated ecology (7,780 acres will be inundated at flood control pool), social disruption within the project area, temporary erosion, stream sedimentation and air pollution during construction, the eventual grading of streams above and below the lake, and the influx of visitors which would affect the pre-project tranquility.

4. Alternatives. Alternatives considered v/ero non-structural measures including flood forecasting, zoning, and evacuation. Structural alter­ natives included two alternate sites for the dam. A third alternative is project cancellation which would mean foregoing the tangible benefits and loss of the resources previously committed.

5. Comments Re ceived .

Federal

Office of Environmental Project Review, U. S. Department of Interior Environmental Protection Agency, Regional Administrator U.3. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Regional 5 Administrator U.S. Department of Commerce, Secretary of Environmental Affairs U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Region Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Indiana National Marine Fisheries Service, USDC, Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory U.S. Department of Transportation, Region 5, Federal Highway Administration

State

Historical Hoosier Hills, Chairman Executive Council

Local and Citizens Groups

Brookville Chamber of Commerce The Palladiem-Item (Newspaper) Y/hitewater V-lley Conservancy District

6. Draft Statement to CEQ 7 November 1973______Final Statement to CEQ ? .!'f* - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR BROOKVILIE LAKE PROJECT EAST FORK WHITEWATER RIVER, INDIANA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph______liil§------£te.

1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1

a. General 1 b. Project Elements 1 c. Project Status 2 d. Interrelationship With Other Projects and Basin Plans 4

2. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING WITHOUT THE PROJECT 7

a. General 7 b. Geographic Setting 7 c. Natural Environmental Units 7 d. Physical Environment 7

(1) Topography and Physiography 7 (2) Climate 8 (3) Air Quality and Noise Levels 8 (4) Geology 9 (5) Natural Resources and Hazards 10 (6) Soils 11

e. Hydrological Environment 12

(1) Surface Water 12 (2) Ground Water 12 (3) Water Quality 12

f. Biological Environment 13

(1) General 13 (2) Vegetation 14 (3) Wildlife 16 (4) Stream Fauna 16 (5) Rare and Endangered Species 16 (6) Natural Areas 17 (7) Effect on Rare and Endangered Species 17

Paragraph Title------... ■ .P& I S

g. Socio-Economic Elements 17

(1) Archaeological Investigations and Interpretations 17 (2) Historic Background 18 (3) Land Use, Recreation, Transportation and Agriculture 20 (4) Social Characteristics 22 (5) Economic Development and Relocation 22

h. Future Environmental Setting Without Completion of the Project 23

3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED ACTION 24

a. General 2 4 b. Construction 24 c. Losses due to Conversion of Site to a Lake 26 d. Environmental Characteristics 29 e. Changes Upstream and Dormstrearn 34 f. Impact of Recreation Activities 35

4. UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT 36

5. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ACTION 37

6. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT TERM USES OF MAN"S ENVIRONMENT AND THE MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG TERM PRODUCTIVITY 39

7. IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENTS OF RESOURCES WHICH WOULD BE INVOLVED IN THE PROPOSED ACTION SHOULD IT BE IMPIEMENTED 39

8. COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES 40

a. Public Participation 40 b. Government Agencies 41 c. Contacts with Other Agencies 42 d. Comments Received and Requested 42 e. Discussion of Comments Received 44

BIBLIOGRAPHY 64

TECHNICAL APPENDIX after 65

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL BIPACT STATEMENT BROOKVTLLE LAKE PROJECT EAST FORK WHITEWATER RIVER, INDIANA

1. Project Description.

a. Bie Brookville Lake Project is located in southeastern Indiana, about*60 miles southeast of Indianapolis and 35 miles northwest of Cincinnati, Ohio. The damsite is located on the East Fork of Whitewater River, about 2 miles above its junction with the West Fork, immediately north of Brookville, Indiana. Die damsite is located approximately at 39b 26» 23" N, 85° 00* 19" W. The lake area is in Franklin and Union Counties, with the upper extremity of the flood pool extending about 2 miles north of Brownsville, and the upper ex­ tremity of the seasonal pool extending about to the crossing of State Highway 44, 2 miles south of Brownsville. Exhibit 1 illustrates the project location.

— Brookville Reservoir was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1938, approved on 28 June 1938 (Public Law, 761 75th Congress), in order to provide flood, protect ion in the lower Whitewater and Miami River valleysTpand-to— " ' reduce,flood stages at all points downstream along the Ohio River. The project is a unit in the general comprehensive plan for flood control^and allied purposes in the Ohio River basin. Other purposes of the project are to provide a lake for general recreation, fishing, wildlife activities and water supply storage for the State of Indiana.

b. Project Elements. Exhibit 2 summarizes principal characteristics of the project and Exhibit 3 illustrates the location of the specific project elements. The structure consists of an earth-filled dam with outlet works and concrete spillway which will control the drainage of a 379 square mile area. A 16.2 mile long lake will be formed behind the dam at an elevation of 748 feet msl for recreational purposes during the period from May to September. This pool level will be drawn down to an elevation of 740 feet in the fall to provide storage for winter and spring runoff. During flood periods, storage to an elevation of 775 feet will be possible before spillway elevation is reached. This flood pool will be 24 miles long and will extend to a dam along Silver Creek tributary. Drawdown to an elevation of 713 feet will be possible to provide water supply. Reservoir storage below the 713 foot elevation is provided as a conservation pool and for sediment. Specifi­ cally, storage below an elevation of 692 feet is allocated for sediment reserve. This storage provides for 20,100 acre-feet of sediment, or the amount expected to accumulate over one hundred years or longer.

Project regulation calls for minimum controlled releases of fifty cubic- fee t/second to the East Fork Whitewater River. This will increase to 100 cfs when the pool elevation exceeds 748 feet. Controlled releases will have a maximum value of 6,300 cfs. For the design flood, the maximum discharge would be 66,000 cfs from a lake at elevation 802.0 feet. A series of relief wells have been installed along the front of the dam in order to catch groundwater seeping beneath the dam from the reservoir. It is expected that the water from these wells will make up about 16 percent of the minimum release. An impervious clay- blanket extends 2,000 feet upstream from the dam. The control tower has three gates, at elevations of 704, 725 and 739 feet msl. This will permit control of tenrperature, dissolved oxygen and other aspects of water quality in a managed release program.

Exhibit 4 summarizes projects costs and benefits. Of the benefits, approximately 40 percent are for flood control; 43 percent are for recreation; 15 percent are for water supply and 2 percent are for fish and wildlife. Flood control benefits are primarily for populated areas in the V/hitewater drainage basin and for developed lands in the floodplain of the Ohio River. Additional flood control benefits will accrue to agricultural and other undeveloped lands in the V/hitewater basin and other downstream areas. Recreation benefits are based on an initial vise of 600,000 visitors per year, ultimately reaching 1,270,000 visitors per year. Water supply benefits are related to sale of storage volume to the State of Indiana for future use.

Project costs include development of recreational facilities as listed in Exhibit 5. Ifost facilities will be operated on a lease arrangement by the Indiana State Department of Natural Resources. Negotiations regarding the lease of Federal land to Indiana for recreational purposes are in progress. Two leases of small tracts of land, for a historical museum and an environmental research center, are discussed in section Id of this statement.

c. Project Status. Based on funds spent, the overall project was 64 percent complete as of 30 -Tune 1973. Exhibit 6 indicates the status of the Brookville Lake Project as of 1 December 1973.

Construction at Brookville began in November 1965 with the award of the outlet works contract. This work included the construction of the conduit, control tower and outlet channel for the dam. The first of several utility relocation projects was also started at this time. Real estate purchase was started in the summer of 1965, was 75 percent complete as of 31 December 1969, and was essentially complete as of December 1973.

In August 1967, the first of several road relocation contracts was awarded. Approximately 31 miles of highway have since been relocated outside the pool area. An additional 3 miles of highways are planned for relocation in the near future. All resettlements have been undertaken, along with relocation of one school and 1,410 graves. Land acquisition is within ten acres of completion. The major single construction effort is the dam and spillway work. This work began in April 1970 and is now 9 7^ complete. Work under this contract should be completed early in 1974 at a cost of about $9,300,000. Die contract for clearing of the pool area was awarded in July 1973, and on 1 January was approximately 98 percent complete. This work, which includes clearing of timber, structures and debris, should be completed early in 1974. The dwellings to be used by permanent operating personnel, the operations shop building and related utilities are scheduled for construction in the 1973-1974 season. Work on recreation facilities started in November 1972 with a contract for access roads, ramps and beach facilities. Although work on this contract should be completed in July 1974, ad­ ditional work for recreational facilities will continue until the fall of 1975. A master plan indicating the final details of these facilities is scheduled for completion in 1974. As noted in Exhibit 6, the cost of construction previously completed or currently under contract is approximately $27,000,000. Impoundment of the lake began in mid-January 1974.

Recent contracts at Brookville have in the contract specifications a section entitled "Environmental Protection". Exhibit 7 is a copy of the section from the contract for recent road relocations in Union C o u n t y .

The reestablishment of vegetation on disturbed land is being accom­ plished as soon as possible after construction is completed. Earth disturbances due to construction may have adversely affected water quality temporarily, expecially stream turbidity, but no deterioration has been reported. Almost all borrow areas are above the damsite and below minimum pool elevation and will be inundated by the impoundment. These areas are generally internally draining and have not been sources of sediment movement to the stream. Two small borrow areas above pool elevation have been graded for external drainage and will be filled with topeoil and re-seeded as soon as borrow operations cease. Dust control measures have been practiced at all construction sites; however, some dust from the damsite has inadvertently blown to residential areas in Brookville, causing public concern.

While the reservoir site is not officially open to the public, there has been considerable lose of the area already, with several thousand persons visiting the site over Labor Day weekend of 1973. Numerous visitors have operated off-road vehicles in the cleared areas. Unauthorized oper­ ation of these vehicles has resulted in considerable disturbance of soil and, locally, in accelerated erosion. In addition, litter around unauthorized public-use areas has accumulated so disturbed soil and litter will be carried into the main stream. All main lake areas for a distance about 16 miles north of the damsite will be cleared within the vertical clearing limits (725-750 feet elevation). Tributary areas will be cleared where needed for aesthetic or access pur­ poses and not cleared where enhancement of fish and wildlife is desired. The lower limit (725 feet) is five feet below the minimum pool elevation which is expected to occur on the average of once in ten years. The upper limit (750 feet) is the approximate elevation which will be exceeded by flooding about once per year. Almost all trees below this elevation would be lest to flood saturation of soils and hence are cleared. Vegetation above this elevation may be killed by flooding, but with an uncertain frequency and to an undertemined amount.

An appraisal of timber resources along the floodplain indicated the availability of 348,000 board-feet of sycamore and cottonwood, 35,000 board-feet of black walnut, and 58,000 board-feet of ash, oak and maple. This timber resource was sold to the highest bidder and was removed within 60 days. Some additional trees, not included in the appraisal, were also taken during this period for pulp purposes. The remaining material is being disposed of in a manner approved by the Indiana Air Pollution Control Commission, mainly open burning by the air curtain destructor method. This method is designed for continuous rapid and complete com­ bustion without smoldering. A log boom has been constructed above the dam to catch any debris washed from cleared areas into the stream. Material caught against the boom will be regularly removed.

While both clearing and construction activities have had some effect on fish and wildlife in the area, no significant adverse impacts have been reported. The influx of construction workers and their payrolls has added to the economy of the area. Traffic increases have also occurred, as has increased consumption of local construction items and related commodities. No statistics are available to determine if school enrollments or church attendance have been affected, although both have probably under­ gone a slight increase. There has undoubtedly been an increase in vehicle exhaust emissions and other environmental effects related to traffic movement. The property tax base in the area has probably decreased, due to change in land ownership from the private to the public sector. Such a decrease is often balanced by future increases in land value in the vicinity of the lake.

d. Interrelationship With Other Projects and Basin Plans. A dam at Metamora on the West Pork of the Whitewater River was at one time proposed by the Corps of Engineers, but is no longer under consideration.

The Soil Conservation Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, has finalized plans for watershed improvements upstream from the Brookville Lake, and coordinated these plans with the Corps of Engineers. This project is before Congress for final authorization, and could begin in 1974. The work plan includes approximately 19.6 miles of multiple- purpose channel; six flood water retarding structures (five multiple- purpose and one single purpose); land treatment on over 91,000 acres with 47 small reservoirs as special land treatment structures; and 10.3 miles of stream corridor development for public recreation. Up to five of the flood water retarding structures may have recreational use and two of these will poscibly be used to store water for municipal and industrial purposes. In addition, the Whitewater Valley Conservancy District is expected to acquire a continuous strip of land along the main channel of the East Fork of the Whitewater River from the City of Richmond downstream to the upper end of Brookville Lake. This land would be used for general recreational purposes. Biis watershed plan is compatible with Brookville Lake and will have beneficial effects in reducing sediment and nutrient inflows to the lake, adding stream re­ creation and protection upstream, and providing other additions to the overall basin water management plan.

The Indiana State Department of Natural Resources has applied to lease the available recreation lands of the Brookville project and intends to manage them in a manner consistent with the project's approved recreational master plan. An exhibit in their lease application presented a five year plan (1974-1979) for general development of recreation at Brookville Lake. Three major parts of this application are reproduced in this statement; Exhibit 8 gives the general plan of operation and maintenance; Exhibit 9 gives the recreation plan of operation and maintenance; and Exhibit 10 gives the fish and wildlife management plan. The principles in these plans are considered compatible with project objectives. The lease is now in effect.

Highlights of the State management plans for the next five years a r e :

(1) Planting of 100,000 pine and hardwoods especially for buffers, for cover and shade zones and for erosion control;

(2) An active program of fire supervision;

(3) Primary emphasis on development of the Mounds recreation area; secondary emphasis on the Quakertown recreation area;

(4) Reservoir zoning to control speed of watercraft;

(5) Designation of a waterfowl nesting area in which watercraft access in some seasons will be by permit only;

(6) Management of upland cleared land for cottontail rabbit and bobwhite quail habitat; practices will include active cropping, often on a tenant basis, with the State's share of the crops (corn, soybeans, small grain, hay) being allowed to stand as food and cover for wildlife or harvested for wildlife food during stress conditions;

(7) Management of upland woods for fox, gray squirrels, and white-tailed deer; management may include selective cutting or planting;

(8) Planting of frequently flooded land in rapidly maturing grain crop suitable for waterfowl food whenever possible; (9) Preservation of shallow water aquatic vegetation and uncleared embayments to benefit fish habitat, unless undesirable conditions result.

(10) Construction of structures for waterfowl nesting and cover, and development of ponds to encourage duck nesting;

(11) Possible flooding of some fields to permit grain planting for waterfowl food;

(12) Stocking of large-mouth bass, bluegill, redear sunfish, black crappie, walleye, rock bass, white bass, channel catfish, flathead catfish and possibly some varieties of trout.

(13) Encouragement of existing stream species such as small- mouth bass, golden redhorse, white sucker and crab sucker (three species); some species such as gizzard shad and carp will be discouraged;

(14) Establishment of a trout fishery in the tailwater area on a put-and-take basis.

As previously mentioned, two areas of the project will, or have been, leased for special purposes. An area at Dunlaps ville has been leased to Union County for use of the Union County Historical Society; this land will permit continued operation of an existing historical museum and includes space for expansion. In addition to the lease, a levee to protect Dunlapsville from flood pool inundation has been incorporated into the project.

In 1969 a five-year lease was executed with Miami University of Oxford, Ohio, for 140 acres along the east side of the East Fork, between Browns­ ville and Dunlapsville. This land will permit establishment of an environmental research center to be jointly operated by Miami University and Earlham College of Richmond, Indiana. Miami University purchased a frame house on the property which has been converted to a classroom and research facility.

A number of teaching and research activities are associated with the center and it is anticipated that many more will be developed once the reservoir is filled. Exhibit 11 lists courses offered by the two institutions that are expected to benefit from the lease arrangement. The planned research program has a broad spectrum and will especially concentrate on reservoir changes in species diversity, physical charac­ teristics, and bio-energetics. This lease arrangement can be continued by the State Department of Natural Resources on a sub-lease basis after November 1974. 2. Environmental Setting Without the Project.

a. General. In describing the setting of the Brookville Lake site, it is important to recognize that the project has been under active development since 1965. As of 1 September 1973, many of the environmental alterations to be caused by the project have already occurred. In this statement, efforts will be made to describe both the environmental setting of the area before 1965, as best as can be done from information now available, as well as the setting in late 1973.

b. Geographic Setting. The Brookville Project is located in the Whitewater subbasin of the Miami River basin in eastern Indiana. The Whitewater River drains 1,4-73 square miles and joins the Miami just above its confluence with the Ohio River. The damsite is on the East Fork of the Whitewater, 2.2 miles upstream from its confluence with the West Fork. The East Fork drains 362 square miles from parts of Preble and Darke Counties, Ohio, and Randolph, Wayne, Fayette, Union and Franklin Counties, Indiana.

The main stream flows through a long and narrow basin in an essentially north to south direction. Several tributaries join the East Fork with those from the east generally being larger than those to the west.

Much of the basin is a relatively flat upland, locally dissected by entrenched streams. The main stream is entrenced well into bedrock so that some terrain in the lake area consists of a very broad upland and a relatively broad valley, separated by steep, rocky slopes (often exceeding 35>Q. The steeper valley side slopes and riverbanks are often forested, but most other land has been cleared and is devoted to agricultural land use, especially related to livestock.

c. Natural Environmental Units. The environment of the Brook­ ville project area breaks down naturally into three elements: upland, valley side and valley bottom. The topography, geology, soils, vegetation, wildlife habitat and land use characteristics of each element are dis­ tinctive from that of the others. Exhibit 12 summarizes the characteristics of each element (and subdivision) and includes a profile line showing the spatial relationships of the three units.

d. Physical Environment.

(1) Topography and Physiography. The project area is located in the Dearborn Upland of Indiana, within the Till Plains section of the Central Lowland Physiographic Province. The land surface is that of a glaciated plain broken by entrenched river valleys. Upland elevations exceed 1,000 feet while the valley bottom slopes from about 900 feet elevation near Richmond to less than 650 feet near the damsite. Local relief within the uplands or the valley is generally slight (less than fifty feet), "but along valley sides, the relief ranges from 100 feet or so in the northern part of the project area to more than 350 feet near the south end of the "basin.

Tributary streams on the upland are relatively smooth and gentle in their lie ad areas, but increasingly dissect the glacial surface as they near the main stream. Along the valley sides, the streams are steep and irregular and generally flow on bedrock. Once in the valley bottoms, the tributaries flatten out again as they flow upon terrace and floodplain materials.

(2) Climate. The climate of the Brookville area is temperate continental with warm, humid summers and moderately cold, relatively dry winters. Exhibit 13 summarizes temperature and precipitation data obtained over a 77 year period at Rushville, Indiana. These data are generally representative of the Brookville area although the latter is slightly drier than Rushville. Mean annual precipitation at Brookville is about 39 inches including 15 inches of snow. Similar values are recorded at Liberty, but precipitation at Richmond and Connersville average about 38 inches including up to 20 inches of snow per year.

Winters in the area are characterized by short periods (2-3 days) of freezing weather, alternating with a few days of mild conditions. Springtime is generally mild and rather wet with prolonged rainfall over large areas being counon. Summers have some extended spells of hot and sultry weather, alternating with more pleasant periods, and rainfall occurs mainly as local intensive thunderstorms of short duration. Autumn is relatively dry and mild.

The normal frost-free season extends from late April to mid-October. Snow lies on the ground for one to two months each year and ground penetration of frost can reach 10-20 inches. Westerly winds are dominant with tornados and extreme winds occasionally occurring in the area. The above climate information is based an National Weather Service records.

(3) Air Quality and Noise Levels. There are no reliable data on air quality in the project area. No major point sources of pollutant emissions occur in the immediate vicinity and it appears that air quality is basically good. However, climatic conditions are such that there are 30 days each year of high pollution potential. Follutant sources include automobile exhausts, and particulates and odor from agricultural areas.

Some modification of air quality has no doubt already resulted due to project development. These changes may relate to dust from construction activities and road traffic; to dust from borrow and cleared areas; to automotive emissions from construction vehicles, site visitors, off-road vehicles and the like; and to smoke from burning of cleared vegetation. No data are available to evaluate this deterioration. The only pollution which has received public comment to date has been construction dust from the damsite area which has, on some occasions, blown toward Brook- ville and been a cause of complaint from local residents.

No useful data are available on noise levels near the project, but the area seems to be typical of rural areas with moderate sound levels in open country (due to wind and animal sources) and louder but still moderate levels along roads and in urban areas. Noise from construction vehicles has undoubtedly resulted in an increase in sound levels at many places. The only area where noise has occurred over a long period near a populated area is in the vicinity of the damsite. No public complaint regarding construction noise is on record. However, some local residents may have been exposed to noise levels sufficient to cause some annoyance.

(4-) Geology. The geology of the Brookville project area includes the material of two very different ages and types. Over most of the surface are sediments deposited by modem streams and by streams, wind and glaciers during relatively recent ice age periods. Beneath this cover is a much older and harder bedrock material which is exposed mainly along steeply sloping valley sides and in some stream beds.

The Brookville area is near the crest of the Cincinnati Arch, a major geologic structure in the middle United States. The arch is responsible for bringing relatively old rocks to the surface, and causes bedrock units in the area to dip gently westward at about 32 feet per mile. The bedrock in the project area is almost all Ordovician in age and consists mostly of a fossiliferous shale with numerous thin limestone layers. Limestone is especially common in the upper part. The dominant rocks are the Dills- boro and Kope formations of the Maquoketa Group. Silurian bedrock occurs in small areas in the basin but not near the reservoir site itself.

The geology at the damsite is known in much detail due to an engineering drilling program. The rock sequence at the site is given in Exhibit 14. The bedrock generally has stable engineering qualities for foundations and structural support; however, exposed bedrock slopes are subject to surficial weathering and periodic maintenance is required.

The unconsolidated surface materials have a complicated history, related to several periods of glaciation and valley development. Much of the information on recent geological history of the Whitewater basin stems from the work of Professor Ansel Gooding and his co-workers at Earlham College. This history is discussed in some detail here because it is a major factor in determining area soil patterns, vegetation distributions and land use practices. Exhibit 15 is a map showing the distribution of surface materials in the project area. The valley of the East Fork of the Whitewater appears to have existed before the earliest known local glaciation and has acted for many thousands of years as a focal point for area drainage. During the oldest glacial period, the Illinoian, ice sheets advanced and retreated at least three times. Consequently, three Illinoian glacial tills, separated by outwash stream gravels and sands or wind-blown silts, have been identified within the basin. Much of this older material has been eroded since the Illinoian and the remainder is generally buried by younger sediment. However, the Illinoian deposits are at the surface along some stream valleys, and are the main surface material south and west of Brookville beyond the extent of younger ice sheets.

The most recent glacial period, the Wisconsin, has also produced a complex series of sediments. Each ice-sheet advance has been asso­ ciated with deposition of ice-laid till, as well as deposits of sand and gravel from streams draining the melting glaciers. Wind-blown silts (and some sands) are also widespread. At least five ice advances are known in the area and thus there is a great variety to the age and character of the surface deposits. Exhibit 16 is a chronological list ' o f the glacial deposits in the Whitewater basin.

Three ice advances have influenced the modem terrain. Each advance has produced an end moraine where the ice reached its southernmost position, and an area of ground moraine, north of the end moraine, where till was deposited beneath the glacier or from melted ice. During retreat phases, melt water from the ice produced streams with extensive valley deposits of sand and gravel. Wind erosion of these valley deposits provided silt which blankets much of the area, especially the uplands.

The upland areas are thus mainly end and ground moraine with a broad silt cover. The southernmost and oldest end moraine is the Shelbyville which extends in a northwest-southeast direction on the upland west of the reservoir site. This moraine, which is not topographically prominent, represents the southernmost advance of Wisconsin-age ice in the area. Younger moraines trend west to east and include the Champaign, north of Abington, and the Bloomington, north of Richmond.

The valley areas consist of alternating till and outwash deposits with a generally complex series of terraces, or old stream levels, at the surface. Six such levels have been identified, but essentially there are two groups - higher terraces with a silt cover and lower terraces without such a cover. Some of the terraces have only a thin veneer of sediment over bedrock. Elsewhere bedrock is 150 feet or more beneath the valley surface. Since glaciation has ended, the modem stream has cut into the older deposits and has developed a floodplain with alluvial materials.

(5) Natural Resources and Hazards. Sand and gravel resources are common in the valley bottoms, but relatively few sites had been utilized prior to "borrow operations associated with the Brookville project. The "bedrock at the reservoir site has no significant potential for stone quarrying. No commercial gas and oil is exploited, but some small gas wells have been drilled in the region for home use.

No sizeable earthquakes have been recorded in the project area and no active or quiescent fault zones have been mapped. Slope stability hazards are mainly associated with potential rock falls and with more massive failures, such as landslides or deep excavations, which are not properly designed.

(6) Soils. Soils information for the area is available from records of the Soil Conservation Service and the Joint Highway Research Project of Purdue University. Soils in the vicinity of the Brookville Lake project are closely related to geologic parent material and topographic characteristics. Active floodplains are characterized by loamy soils of the Genessee-Shoals-Eel catena. Soil properties vary considerably over a short distance with Genessee soils occurring on the most level, best drained sites. Terrace areas are characterized by loamy soils of the Fox-Ninevah-Ockley catena with Fox soils dominant on low terraces (5—151 above the floodplain) where sand and gravel is at the surface, and Ockley soils dominant on the silt covered high terraces (20-35* above the floodplain). Soils on the higher terraces tend to be much siltier and thicker than those on the low terraces. Rodman soils are commonly found on terrace scarps.

Valley side slopes are characterized by shallow, clayey Fairmont and Switzerland soils with some areas of talus (sloping rock debris) or exposed bedrock. Similar shallow soils occur on some of the valley terraces where in fact the terrace is a rock bench with a thin veneer of sand and gravel.

Upland soils are mostly in the Fine as tie-Rags dale-Brooks ton, or Miaai-Russell-Fincastle catenas. The silty Fincastle soil occurs on the level and poorly drained wind-blown silts and glacial tills (ground moraine), while loary Miami is typical of sloping well drained tills (especially end moraine). Russell soils occur most often in wind-blown silts on ground moraine. In the upland areas of the basin the wind-blown silt cover is thick and continuous so that soils are very silty with clay rich lower horizons. Nearer the Whitewater in the sloping uplands, erosion has re­ moved most or all of the silt, and the soils are developed in till or even on bedrock with some profiles being less than a foot thick.

Most soils in the area are moderately acid. Upland soils tend to be limited in natural fertility due to lack of plant nutrients or in some locations to poor drainage and soil wetness. Alluvial soils, where well drained, are quite fertile. e. Hydrological Environment.

(1) Surface water. Surface runoff is rapid in the project area, due to the many fine grained upland soils which shed water to steeply sloping valley side tributary streams. As is typical of rapid runoff areas, flood durations are short. Important floods occurred in 1907, 1913 (maximum of record), 1929, 1937 and 1959.

Data on surface hydrology is available from analysis of several gaging stations. Stations on the East Fork are located at Richmond, Abington and Brookville, and other basin gages are at Alpine and Brook- ville (for the main Whitewater River). Data from these stations were used as part of the procedure to develop a design flood hydrograph for the Brookville project. This maximum flood indicates a runoff of 20.93 inches, with a peak flow of 256,000 cfs. In comparison, the actual peak observed flow at the Brookville gage is 36,000 cfs over a 17 year period which includes only one of the major historical floods. During the same period the observed low flow was 17 cfs, and the mean flow was 390 cfs.

Streams in many areas are flowing on or near bedrock; however, the East Fork generally occupies an alluvial channel and meanders slightly. The estimated bankfull capacity of this channel, below the damsite, is about 6,700 cfs.

(2) Groundwater. There are three different groundwater provinces in the area. The relatively deep sands and gravel in the valley bottoms are ixcellent sources of groundwater. Wells with yields of several hun­ dred gallons per minute can be developed at a depth of 50-100 feet. In this area the water table is within 40 feet of the surface, and is actively recharged by infiltration from the surface streams.

In the upland areas, moderate amounts of water can be obtained from wells penetrating the glacial till or the upper bedrock. Yields of ten gallons per minute or more can be reached. Most recharge is local in nature with groundwater flow towards nearby streams. Steep valley sides have many small seeps where groundwater reaches the surface. Locally, large dug wells can be developed to achieve very small yields of two gallons per minute or less.

In the project area, essentially all domestic water use is based on groundwater systems. All large towns in this area have a municipal system which utilizes water from the deep valley deposits that are recharged by major streams. Richmond is the nearest site of surface water (reservoir) supply.

(3) Water Quality. Water quality data available for the Brook­ ville Lake drainage basin are presented in Exhibits 17 through 20. Fourteen years of water quality monitoring data have been published by the Indiana State Pollution Control Board for the entire Whitewater basin at Brook- ville. These data are presented in Exhibit 21. Appropriate water quality standards and guidelines are given in Exhibits 22, 23 and 24.

In general, surface water is hard and is relatively high in iron, manganese and primary nutrients (nitrates and phosphates). Fluoride concentrations exceed the State standard for public water supplies in that maximum levels encountered reach 1.6 mg/l while the standard is 1.0 mg/l; average fluoride values, however, are well below the standard. Except for one extreme measurement, dissolved oxygen meets the standard for cold water fisheries. All other parameters for which data are avail­ able are within limits set by State standards. However, no data are available for coliform bacteria (an indicator of sewage pollution) nor for chemical constituents (such as trace metals) associated with industrial pollutants.

Data for the East Fork of the Whitewater River, below the Brookville sewage treatment plant outfall, indicate coliform content sometimes exceeds the standards for many human vises. Correspondence with the U.S. Public Health Service at the time of Brookville Project planning indicated no need for water quality releases from the impoundment. Potential sources of sewage and industrial pollution upstream from the reservoir include Richmond (population 44,000 served by primary and secondary sewage treat­ ment) and Liberty (population 2,500 served by a package plant). If current effluent standards are being exceeded, this practice should cease as new Federal and state laws are brought to bear. New regulations for the State of Indiana went into effect in August 1973.

Few data are available on sediment content of the East Fork. Sus­ pended sediment in samples are taken at Brookville on the main Whitewater River as part of a radiological monitoring program. These samples show a range of 5 to 1,118 mg/l suspended material, with typical values between 50 and 500 mg/l. Surveys of area reservoirs indicate erosion rates greater than those used in calculating the volume of the sediment pool. However, these surveys are for basins 10 percent or less the size of the East Fork drainage. It is believed, therefore, that average sediment loads are within the design estimate.

Groundwater in the project area is generally hard but otherwise of good quality, although locally high in iron content.

f . Biological Environment.

(1) General. Forests are the climax vegetation of the Brookville area and, where they occur, are associated with numerous wild­ life species. However, for more than a century, man has wrought changes on the forests to the point that less than 20 percent of the reservoir site was tree covered prior to construction of the Brookville dam. Most woodlands occur in areas with poor access, such as along major stream banks and on the steep valley sides. In other areas, the land has been cleared and generally has a biota related to agricultural practices. In some areas, fields have been abandoned so that various stages of vegetational succession now occur.

The aquatic environment in the area has been less modified by man, although floodplain clearing and water contamination have produced some stress on the stream system. Since the Brookville project began, both the terrestrial and aquatic environments of the valley bottom have under­ gone a marked change due to abandonment of farms within the reservoir site, and the clearing of all tree cover, even along the stream banks and on the lower valley sides. As a result the present biological environ­ ment is dominated by a few prominent herbs ana animal species typical of old field successions.

(2) Vegetation. Two basic forest communities occur in or near the Brookville area; the beech-maple and oak-hickory forests. Both have been largely removed by human activities.

The climax beech-maple forest, as defined by Kuchler (1964), was typical of the till plain of eastern and central Indiana, especially on Wisconsin age deposits. This forest is basically mesophytic and occurs primarily on fertile, well-drained upland soils. It is characterized by a closed canopy which favors the growth of beech by shading the soil from excess drying. This forest type now exists only in a few isolated areas in eastern Indiana, and has largely been replaced by the oak-hickory type. The nearest beech-maple forest to the Brookville project is Hueston Woods, in Ohio.

Oak-hickory forests make up the major portion of what has been referred to as the western or mixed mesophytic forest of southeastern Indiana. This forest has largely replaced beech-maple as the dominant type in the area. The shift is due to clearing and subsequent succession under an open canopy (although climatic changes may also be a factor). The oak-hickory forest is a near climax community, occurring where some human influence has taken place.. It occurs as an edaphic climax on steep slopes or on excessively drained soils. Exhibit 25 presents lists of common species in both the beech-maple and oak-hickory forests.

Man's interference with the potentially occurring natural forest has been of two main kinds: selective clearing, which produces sub-climax open canopy forests; and complete clearing, which produces an old field serai succession. Lake clearing has produced the latter type of community succession. In the upland areas, the native plant community has been almost totally altered, due to ease of access and absence of flooding, making the land desirable for agricultural uses. Most areas are now used for farming or livestock production, and small amounts are in various stages of succession on abandoned fields. Where tree cover exists, it is generally of the oak-hickory forest type with the most common species being shagbark hickory, chestnut oak, red oak, red mulberry, sugar maple, slippery elm, hackberry, paw paw and white ash. Black cherry and dogwood (Comus spp.) are typical sub tree species, pokeweed is a typical herb, and wild grape (Vitis spp.) is a common woody vine found in the upland plant communities.

The more sloping uplands are slightly better drained than other uplands and slightly less accessible. Human modification of this area is somewhat less than for more level areas, but there are few floral differences. Some of the differences which occur are that slippery elm and sugar maple are more common and fewer herbs and shrubs are found.

The steeply sloping valley side is usually the site of relatively undisturbed stands of the oak-hickory edaphic climax forest. Common species on the valley sides are sugar maple, shagbark hickory, eastern redbud, eastern red cedar, osage-orange, chestnut oak, red oak, white ash, American hornbeam, hackberry and eastern hophorobeam. Shrubby undergrowth and herbs are not as common on the valley sides as elsewhere in the area.

The terraced areas of the valley bottom are visually farmed, but where woodlands exist they are transitional in vegetation characteristics between the valley sides and floodplain. Tbs terrace vegetation is characterized by species able to tolerate occasional flooding yet not require a constant source of water that would be available in a floodplain valley. Some of the dominant terrace species found in the terrace area are sugar maple, hack­ berry, box elder, red mulberry, chestnut oak, and red oak. Trumpet creeper is a common vine. Along the riverbank proper a rather lush woody growth is common, dominated by flood tolerant or pheatophytic species. Dominant trees are eastern cottonwood, sycamore, box elder and black willow. Some other common species are brittle willow, American elm, black walnut, sugarberry, red mulberry and green ash.

The recently cleared valley bottoms are in a succession from a low growth of herbaceous species which colonize disturbed areas to a tall grass-weedy herb growth. Above the damsite, the present vegetation is dominated by goldenrod and great ragweed.

A checklist of potential plant species for the Brookville area is given in Exhibit 26. It is noteworthy that no native pines and only one conifer (eastern red cedar) are found in the project area. No rare or endangered species of plant is known to exist in the area. (3) Wildlife. Agricultural clearing of extensive forests resulted in destruction of habitat for forest-dwelling species such as deer, bear and m i d turkey. Most of these animals, which must have been common in the area before it was extensively settled, either perished or migrated elsewhere. Conversely, field cultivation and resulting brushy fencerows provided new habitat for many animals, especially game birds, such as quail, pheasant (introduced) and dove. These species were able to occupy in greater numbers an area in which they formerly found few niches.

Because the area is mostly cleared, the present wildlife is dominated by immigrant field-related species with only a limited representation of the native forest dwellers. The present environment provides great diversity of habitat for small animals due to the variety of agricultural practices, but limited diversity and size of habitat for larger wildlife.

Game animal population densities in trie basin vary from poor to excellent, depending on the intensity and type of farm operations being practiced. The more important game species include squirrels, cottontail rabbits, and bobwhite quail; deer, ring-necked pheasants and ruffled grouse are present but their population densities are insufficient to tolerate significant hunting pressure. Woodcock, raccoon, muskrat, mink, and numerous songboards and small animals are also present in varying abundance. (Nesting wood ducks are present in good numbers and the Whitewater Valley is a minor waterfowl flyway.) Overall hunting pressure is of moderate intensity.

A number of terrestrial vertebrates have ranges v/hich include the Brookville area. A list of potentially occurring mammal species is pre­ sented as Exhibit 27. Similar lists for birds and herps are presented as Exhibits 28 and 29, respectively.

(4) Stream Fauna. The East Fork of Whitewater River is considered to be one of the better streams in Indiana for smallmouth bass. Good popula­ tions of catfish, rock bass, black crappie and longear sunfish also occur, but access difficulties result in low utilization by fishermen. Along with game and pan fish, a moderate abundance of suckers and other forage fish also occur; these species help account for the stream's quality as a sport fishery.

A checklist of fishes which potentially occur in the Whitewater River has in is presented in Exhibit 30. Information on other elements of the aquatic ecosystem, such as plankton or invertebrates, is not readily a v a ilable.

(5) Rare and Endangered Species. Rare and endangered animal species whose ranges originally encompassed tne Whitewater River basin were determined from the U. S. Department of Interior's list of Endangered Species cf the United States. Rare and endangered species whose potential ranges encompass the project area include:

River otter Lutra canadensis Indiana myotis Myotis sodalis S. bald eagle Haliaectus 1. leucocephalus Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus

None of these species were observed in the field during field studies, but both bald eagles and peregrine falcons have been reported in the general project area by local biologists.

(6) Natural Areas. A natural area may be defined as an outdoor site which contains unusual biological, geological or scenic features (Lindsey, et al, 1970). The Brookville Late impoundment area encompasses no known "natural areas" as defined and delineated by Lindsey, et ad, 1970. White- water State Park, an adjacent locale, has potential merit for being considered as a natural area.

(7) Effect on Rare and Endangered Species. The Brookville Late project will probably have little effect on rare and endangered species. Peregrine falcons prey primarily on birds and, therefore, if the reservoir serves to increase the local population of waterfowl, this bird might conceivably find the new habitat more to its liking than was the old habitat. Similarly, the bald eagle is a scavenger of shorelines and, therefore, will probably not be adversely affected by the impoundment. Recreation use could disturb this species if it inhabited areas near recreation sites.

The Indiana myotis, if actually present in the area, will probably not be adversely affected unless Impounded water inundates caves that are, or could be, utilized by the bats.

The river otter has been extirpated from this area, but would be unaffected by the project since this species is found in both streams and lakes.

g. Socio-Economic Elements.

(1) Archaeological investigations and interpretation. The area of the reservoir was the site of extensive Indian activity, including villages, campgrounds and burial mounds. An appraisal of the archaeological resources of the Brookville Late area was made by Indiana University in 1963-64 under the sponsorship of the National Park Service. The report indicated that further investigations and salvage was desirable prior to impoundment of the reservoir. At least one mound was located but before any investigation of it could be conducted, the area had been thoroughly- searched by unauthorized collectors. An assessment of the locale indicates the area is of relatively minor archaeological significance.

(2) Historic background. The exploration and settlement of the Whitewater Valley is one of the major chapters in the expansion of the young United States through the midwest. This area was the first to be settled in what is now the State of Indiana, primarily because of the access afforded by the Ohio River and the Whitewater River.

The acquisition of this land from the Indians was stipulated in four treaties; the Treaty of Greenville, the Treaty of Grouseland, and the Treaty of Ft. Wayne, and the Treaty of St. Mary's (Exhibit 31). The first, the Treaty of Greenville, 1795 (Ohio), was signed following the defeat of the Indians at Fallen Timbers in 1794- by General "Mad" &ithony Wayne. The triangular area described in this treaty is roughly that of the valley of the East Fork of the Whitewater River. This land was part of the Northwest Territory until 1802. Although Indiana became a separate territory in 1800, the Greenville Treaty area, known as the "Gore", was not included in that territory. Settlers in the "Gore", chiefly Kentuckians, were made citizens of the Indiana Territory by the Ohio Enabling Act of 1802.

Movement into the Whitewater Valley was stimulated by a growing scarcity of game in Kentucky and Ohio. Hunters moved across or along the Ohio River into the "Gore", became squatters, then settlers (after land was offered for sale in 1801), and finally, citizens, upon the organization of the terri­ torial government. The first land entry in the territory was in Whitewater Township, Franklin County, in 1803, by Benjamin McCarty.

Large numbers of Quakers were among the earliest settlers; they migrated principally for economic betterment and because of their opposition to slavery in the southern states. The southeast portion of the State felt the influence of the Friends in the development of social conditions in the area. Their churches and schools were a controlling, quietly elevating influence on the boisterous frontier elements.

During the years 1801-1804, a group of Carolina settlers from near the present Harrison, Ohio, explored and blazed the trail known as the Carolina Trace. They constructed nine cabins along the East Fork of the Whitewater, extending from Fairfield to Liberty Townships.

Among these settlers were members of the Hanna family, some of the earliest of whom are buried in the cemetery at Dunlapsville.

With the Treaty of Grouseland in 1805, the Indians ceded the tract between the Vincennes and the Greenville Treaty lines. The terms of this treaty affected parts of present Franklin County (Exhibit 31). With this treaty, settlement began in earnest. The fourth treaty, the Treaty of St. Mary's, was signed in 1818, and also included portions of Franklin County.

During the first decade of the 19th Century, it was often the most ambitious and energetic who migrated because of the difficulty of travel. Lack of roads, with only winding Indian trails through the hilly terrain caused most migration to be by horseback or on shallow keep boats along the major streams. The first settler of Brookville was Amos Butler, a Peimsyl vania Quaker, who brought his wife by keel boat to Lawrence burg and from there to Brookville on horseback. (It is interesting to note that, even then, the Whitewater River basin experienced spring flooding. Butler first selected bottomland, but after noting the spring flood waters, he chose instead a site on high ground near the present site of Brookville). These early settlers are described by historians of the period as sober, industrious, and kind-hearted people, who were attracted to the valley by abundant pure water, prospective mill sites, and rich soil.

The Treaty of Ft. Wayne in 1809 estaDlished the so-called Twelve-Mile Purchase Line (Exhibit 31), and completed land acquisition of the Whitewater River Valley. The nearest market was Cincinnati and the proximity of the Whitewater River to the Ohio River facilitated trade from the Valley to the city.

The Baptists organized the first church in the valley at Lee's Creek, three miles east of Harrison, in 1804. Other early churches were those of the Methodists, Presbyterians, and Quakers. The earliest schools were in Wayne County near Richmond in 1807-03.

Franklin and Wayne Counties were established by the Territorial legislature in 1810, Fayette County in 1819, and finally, Union County in 1821. When Wayne County became a political unit of the State, it gave momentous impetus to the development of the entire Whitewater Valley and provided the social and political environment for many of the great early leaders of the Indiana Commonwealth.

It is estimated that the population of the Valley in 1810 was 5,500; 7 5 % of whom were twenty-five years and under. By 1820 the population had increased to 29,000. Though the War of 1812 seems to have slowed the migration, growth did continue. In spite of the intense settlement efforts, two-thirds of the State of Indiana was for all practical purposes uninhabited or very sparsely settled in 1820.

Early communities laid out prior to 1825 included Brookville, Conners- ville, Fairfield, Union, New Trenton, Brownsville, Dunlapsville, and Liberty. These early towns usually included a grist mill, sawmill, carding machine, tannery, one or more hotels and taverns, some general stores, a doctor, a lawyer, and many craftsmen and artisans.

The Whitewater Canal, authorized by the Indiana Internal Improvement Act of 1836, contributed materially to the development of the Valley. Goods and produce were transported on this Canal along the West Fork of the Whitewater River. Another canal, proposed between Richmond Brookville, was designed to serve the East Fork area, but it was never developed.

The Whitewater Valley has suffered periodically from extensive flooding. The earlist recorded flood was that of 1836 and 1847, an estimated $1,000,000 flood damage was done according to newspaper reports. Other major floods through the years have caused extensive damage and at least seventeen deaths.

During the remainder of the 19th Century, the Valley grew as a prosperous agricultural area, and even today the well-maintained farms, homes, and commercial and public buildings are evidence of the heritage and influence of the hardy, thrifty, industrious early settlers.

The Indiana State Historical Preservation Officer has been furnished a copy of the DEIS and has indicated no objections (see page 44, comment 1).

(3) Land use, recreation, transportation and agriculture. Land use patterns in the project area are closely related to the natural units previously discussed. The land of the four counties encompassing the Brookville Lake area (Franklin, Fayette, Wayne, Union) is typically heavily wooded, hilly and cut by many streams. The study area is drained by the Whitewater River, the basin of which forms the rich valley lowlands sur­ rounded by the tree-covered uplands. The thick vegetation and rich soil attracted the earliest settlors.

The principal land use is agricultural. Over 75 percent of the total acreage in each of the four counties is designated for farm purposes; in Union County the percentage reaches 88.1 percent. Even though the amount of land devoted to farming is great, the percentage of total acreage in farmland has decreased and there appears to be a trend toward moderate urbanization of farmland in the study area. This trend is accompanied by an increase in the average farm size, a pattern seen nationwide (Exhibit 32).

The two major towns are Richmond, (1970 population, 43,999) in Wayne County, and Connersville (1970 population, 17,604) in Fayette County. Other population centers are Brookville in Franklin County and Liberty, Union County. iYbst of the other urban areas in the White-water River basin are small farming communities with populations of 5,000 or less.

The abundance of wildlife, especially fish and game, and the many v/ater courses, make the Whitewater Valley an attractive area for outdoor recrea­ tion activities. A survey prepared for the Whitewater Valley Conservancy District by Midwestern Engineers, Incorporated estimates that, at the present time, there are insufficient opportunities for the following out­ door recreational activities: camping, sightseeing, swimming, boating, water skiing, and fishing. The Whitewater Canal, once a means of transporting goods and people, now offers recreational barge rides along a course of approxi­ mately fifteen miles. The Canal is also used for canoeing and canoe racing. In addition to the barge rides along the Canal, there are other efforts to utilize the historical background of the area, such as the restoration of original log cabins and other buildings to be tourist attractions.

The primary mode of transportation is the private motor vehicle. The area is served by U. S. Interstate Highway 70 and by U. S. Highway 40, running east-west; by north-south U. S. 27; by U. S. Highway 52, from southeast to northwest; and by several Indiana State roads - principally, Indiana and Indiana 252 and 44 crossing the counties from east to west. U. S. Interstate 74 runs east to west just south of the study area, and then northward to Indianapolis. State Highways 1 and 101 generally parallel the Lake configuration, and are two lane, hard­ surfaced roads.

No scheduled commercial air service is available in the four county area, though there are such flights at Indianapolis and Columbus, Indiana, and at nearby Dayton and Cincinnati, Ohio. Chartered air service utilizes four small airfield facilities. Two east-west rail lines serve the area: the Baltimore and Ohio through Brownsville in the central portion, and the New York Central (Penn Central) through Brookville in the south.

The agricultural use of the land has made a significant economic contribution to the study area. The market value of all agricultural products in the four county study area was about $50,000,000 in 1969 (Exhibit 34). Exhibit 35 gives a list of all agricultural commodities from the Brookville Reservoir area. In descending order of importance, the major cash crops are com, soybeans, oats, and wheat (Exhibit 36).

The main livestock types in the project area are hogs, beef cattle, dairy cattle, chickens, sheep and horses, with hogs an extremely important economic asset to the area (Exhibit 37).

Livestock are important as "secondary grain markets" as farmers often use grain to fatten livestock, thereby assuring maximum prices. This practice allows minimization of feed costs, thus providing greater economic returns.

Although most land in the area is used for agriculture, sizeable areas are still forested. These areas, mostly unsuited for clean cropping, comprise approximately 15,800 acres in Fayette County, 56,600 acres in Franklin County, 12,300 acres in Union County, and 23,100 acres in Wayne County (Spencer, 1969). The main commercial species are oaks, hickories and maples, as shown in Exhibits 38 and 39. (4) Social characteristics. The social and economic characteristics of the four-county Brookville Lake area reflect the historical and cultural backgrounds of the early citizens of this region. The area experienced a small increase in population in the decade between I960 and 1970, with the largest percentage increase coming in Fayette and Wayne Counties, the northwesterly portion of the area. In contrast to the national pattern, much of the increase has been in the rural areas of the counties (Exhibit 33).

The study area is of low population density and socially stable. Over sixty-five percent of the population were born in Indiana, with less than one percent foreign b o m and less than twenty-eight percent b o m in another state. Approximately one-half the population presently resides in the same house as in 1965 (Exhibit 40).

There has been an increase in the number of households by about ten percent and over sixty-seven percent of the persons are married (Exhibit 41). The median value of owner-occupied homes is over $12,000; most homes in the area are well maintained, neat and freshly painted. The number of homes available for sale or rent is relatively small, again reflecting a stable society. About twelve percent of the total housing units could be described as substandard (Exhibit 42). This classification, based on lack of plumbing facilities, reflects the many rural homes in the area.

Education appears to be valued by the members of these communities with 11.25 median school years completed by persons twenty-five years and older. Even so, less than half of these have actually completed high school (Exhibit 43).

Approximately one-third of all persons are employed. Though rural population has been increasing, the number of persons working as farmers is relatively small when compared with those in manufacturing, electrical, crafts, professional and managerial work. In 1969, Fayette County reported an unemployment rate of eight percent, highest in the area; unemployment in the other three counties ranged from 4.4$ to 5.7$. Median family income ranged from about $8,100 to $9,700, with the higher figure in the most populous urbanized county. Less than 10$ of the families had incomes less than the established Federal poverty level (Exhibit 44). Exhibit 45 shows the employment by major industrial categories. The income data shown in Exhibit 46 suggests that income levels are somewhat lower than those found in more urbanized, developed areas of the Nation.

(5) Economic development and relocation. The Brookville Lake area has experienced the same effects of inflation as has the remainder of the country. Land value has increased; how much of the increase in areas near the Lake is due directly to the project is not known. This suggests that the multiplier effect of the development will be felt throughout the economy. One entire community has been abandoned as a result of the expected impoundment. Most of those persons stayed within the same county; most of the remainder moved within the four-county area. Though some sections of road have been relocated, the inconvenience associated with the new routes is minimal.

There have been some school district consolidations during the last decade. The reason for the consolidation was an effort to achieve efficiency and econony of operation. Many students ride school busses to their school buildings. Road relocations have not appreciably changed the number of miles travelled in school busses.

Three lake crossings provide access to shopping and churches in almost the same corridors as were travelled prior to the construction.

h. Future Environmental Setting Without Completion of the Project. Even if the Brookville Lake had not been planned, most of the established environmental trends in the Whitewater Basin would probably have continued. These trends include moderate growth in the agricultural sector of the economy as a result of improved farming techniques, such as use of quality fertilisers. At the same time, some conversion of land to urban uses could be expected, especially in the Richmond area, but no dramatic changes in industrial development or transportation networks would be likely. Development downstream from the damsite would be limited due to flood dangers.

Marginal agricultural land, if abandoned, would go through stages of vegetational succession, toward a serai, mixed mesophytic oak-hickory forest. This land could marginally increase the amount of wildlife habitat in the area, and in turn, promote seme increase in recreational use.

Many aspects of environmental quality should improve through enforce­ ment of new laws and standards. Improvements in sewage treatment practices would lead to better water quality end an even better fishery resource than now exists. However, this effect could, unless regulated, be offset by agricultural runoff containing increased nutrient loads, such that the aquatic system would be stressed with some resultant loss in fishery resources.

The watershed project of the Soil Conservation Service would have beneficial water quality effects on the Brownsville area, through con­ trol of agricultural runoff. Recreation, flood control and other bene­ fits would result, but at the expense of natural stream and riparian wildlife habitat where channelization and impoundments are prepared. Mitigation for these losses would be provided from the stream corridors included in the plan.

The resettlement, clearing and construction operations already completed or underway have some effect on the above trends. Reoccu­ pation of valley bottoms and a return to previous farming practices could occur at some expense. However, it would require a long period of tine before wooded areas returned to their original condition. 3. Environmental Impact of the Proposed Action.

a. General. The Brookville Lake project will have a number of significant impacts. These include conversion of a free-flowing stream to a stratified lake; loss of homesites, agriculturally productive land and wildlife habitat, and associated economic values; alteration of the valley side environment due to erosion and soil wetting effects of pool fluctuations; creation of an area for recreational use, with associated benefits and environmental stresses; and stimulation of development along the shoreline and in downstream areas where flood protection is increased.

Because the Brookville project' will interact witn the environment in a varied and complex manner, there is no simple way in which the above impacts or the many other minor effects of the lake may be categorized. For purposes of discussion the project has been grouped into five general categories of effects. These effects are: (1) impacts associated with construction; (2) losses within the project site due to conversion of the pre-existing environment to a lake; (3) environmental character­ istics of the lake itself; (4) impacts of the lake on upstream and downstream valleys; and (5) impacts associated with use of the project area for recreational purposes.

b. Construction. Construction activities at the dam, recreation sites and relocation sites, have resulted in short-term impacts associ­ ated with clearing and burning of vegetation, operation of borrow areas, erosion of disturbed surfaces, dust from construction activity, vehicular traffic and exhausts, and influx of construction personnel. At this stage of the project most such impacts have occurred. By early 1974, the main construction impact yet to occur will be associated with development of recreation facilities, and should have a duration of little more than one year.

Clearing operations have resulted in removal of forest and woodland and associated wildlife habitat, and in some air pollution due to burning. This impact has been mitigated to some extent by the sale of pulp wood and saw timber, thus utilizing most of the timber resources from the area. The adverse effects of burning have been held to a minimum by utilization of approved and efficient disposal techniques.

Destruction of wildlife habitat has probably caused local disruption or elimination of many animal populations. Forest dwelling species no longer have sufficient habitat for their existence in the valley bottom. Some of these species possibly have been able to move up the stream basin by emigration along the corridor of riparian vegetation, as well as into the forrested lower valley walls. Species of low vagility (some rodents, herps, etc.), however, have probably remained in the area, even to their detriment. A temporary increase in abandoned field species' populations has probably occurred. Overcrowding and increased competition will probably reduce the populations in adjacent areas to a level such that most of the inhabitants of the lake areas will have been lost.

Vegetation outside the lake site has been protected to the extent possible in construction or relocation contracts. These contracts contain restrictions such as restraints on use of ropes, cables or climbing spurs and avoidance of clearing for survey lines, rights-of-way, or similar uses.

Most borrow areas are below the elevation of minimum pool. Little erosion and only a short-term aesthetic impact are experienced. Those areas not inundated are graded for drainage and will be re-seeded. These areas have a potential for erosion until vegetation cover is established, but no significant sediment movement from such area has been observed.

Accelerated erosion from disturbed areas can be expected, although no marked change in stream turbidity has been noted. Proper grading, effective landscaping, and eventual lake impoundment will limit sediment movement. No specific long term erosion-control measures are expected to be necessary. Areas where the public has engaged in unauthorized recreation during construction, especially the use of off-road vehicles, are badly scarred as well as littered. Because these areas are often on steep slopes, they have a considerable potential for erosion in the event of a heavy rainfall. No major run-off event has occurred since these areas were first disturbed. Some increase in stream turbidity, however, may yet occur prior to impoundment. Wave erosion during lake filling may cause some erosion of areas damaged by off-road vehicles, and the litter from them will be a nuisance until cleanup operations are completed.

Dust from construction areas has been subject to control measures although, as previously noted, these have not been fully successful at the damsite. Both construction and cleared areas represent a short-term intrusion on the aesthetic quality of the area. This intrusion will cease only as landscaping is completed or when the areas are covered with water. A general practice in landscaping has been the stockpiling of topsoil for replacement after construction ends, thus facilitating re-seeding. Further protection measures used during construction include control of contaminants (chemicals, lubricants, etc.) to prevent their washing into waterways, and development of guidelines for protection of apparent historical or archaeological sites discovered during earth moving or other activities. No such sites have been discovered to date. The operation of construction behicles has increased traffic in the area, and has had some effect on air quality, as well as being a source o f noise. These impacts are significant but of only a definite duration. The influx of construction workers and funds has benefitted the local economy. No significant stress on area social institutions has been reported.

Die construction history of the Brookville project appears to be one in which most adverse environmental impacts have taken place under controlled conditions, and thus, have been held to relatively low levels. Possibly the most significant negative impacts to date are related to air pollution through construction dust, vehicle emissions and burning of vegetation and to noise from construction vehicle operations. It is unlikely that the former has resulted in any significant deterioration of air quality except over temporary periods. The noise has possibly caused mental distress and irritation to persons located nearby.

There will undoubtedly be a change in land use patterns on the private lands in the vicinity of the project. The extent of the change is difficult to accurately forecast. However, due to the project’s relative proximity to a large metropolitan area, it is probable that the project will result in a population influx to the area and transition of the area from rural to more suburban in character. Also, peripheral commerical development will un­ doubtedly occur at this project. Controlling the location, type and quality of such development is the responsibility of local government. Only through sound land use planning and zoning will these impacts be minimized. The public lands immediately adjacent to the lake are controlled by the Federal government and development in this area is severely restricted.

c. Losses Due to Conversion of Site to a Lake. The development of Brookville Lake will result in a loss of some resources of the area to be inundated. Some of these losses have already been initiated as the valley bottom has been adandoned and cleared.

The pools behind the dam will inundate the former homesites of 255 family units. Those who have moved no doubt experienced a loss of cultural heritage, since they have traditionally used the valley as the focus for farming, transportation, and other activities. Resettlement involves frustrations, difficult decisions and un­ certainties. To the extent that these effects can be financially mitigated, provisions have been made for resettlement allowances, allowances for dislocation of farm or business operations, relief from higher interest rates, rebate of prepaid real property taxes, severance damages and, of course, payment for property acquired. Relocations have been necessary in order to minimize effects on access to transportation, utilities, and other amenities. While fewer routes now cross the valley area, the newly relocated roads are at least equal in traffic carrying capacity those replaced. Relocations have been designed to minimize disruption of school bus routes, mail routes, fire fighting service, church attendance, or other activities.

Indiana State Highway 44 is being relocated for . a distance of approximately .53 mile. The relocated road will begin about .2 mile west of the existing crossing and will continue east crossing upstream of the existing bridge. The new bridge will have a 44- foot wide roadway.and a length of about 407 feet. This section of road is being upgraded and the State of Indiana is paying the cost of the betterment. It is not known if or when Indiana intends to upgrade the rest of Highway 44.

Relocated Indiana Highway 101 begins at a point northeast of Brookville and extends about 9.3 miles northerly toward Liberty, Indiana. This road is on the east side of the project lake and will provide access to the east side recreational areas.

Other roads serving the public in the project area are F-l in Franklin County and U-l, U-2, U-3, U-5, U-7, and U-8 in Union County. All these roads except U-2 and U-8 hav° a bituminous road­ way surface. U-2 and U-8 have a crushed stone surface. These county roads were developed to maintain the local traffic interrupted by the project pool.

Much of the 5,260 acres which will be inundated by the seasonal pool was productive farmland which will no longer have direct economic value, nor contribute foodstuffs to the general market. The loss of this land, and associated economic ways of life, has resulted in a lower collection of property and other taxes, and a loss to the agricultural sector of the economy. This loss may initially be off­ set to some degree by construction payrolls, and will be further offset by future vise of the area by persons seeking recreational facilities, and by other reservoir-generated developments. Purchase has been spread over several years and persons who retain land have a tendancy to upgrade their property.

The valley bottom included many acres of forest and brushy vegetation suitable for wildlife habitat. Estimated recreational use of this area was 550 hunter-days per year, and an unknown number of days for other purposes. This opportunity will be lost. Since clearing operations are already well underway, most of this impact has already occurred. As noted previously, species displaced by clearing, and rising water, must migrate to areas of suitable habitat or perish. Those with little ability to move, or those restricted to very specific habitats, will be especially jeopardized. For species living in the cleared valley side forests, suitable habitat is nearby, and movement can readily occur. Habitats adjacent to the reservoir may be stressed by the incoming organisms. Therefore, overcrowding and increased competition will reduce these popu­ lations to a level such that those inhabitants of the cleared valley will have been lost. Generally speaking, small animals such as rodents, rabbits and terrestrial reptiles need corridors with cover and food while they emigrate. Animals of this type, which live along the river, can only move along a narrow corridor, and will be especially stressed. Birds, except those restricted to isolated areas, are not generally as adversely affected by eviction from an area, due to their vagility. However, birds forced into an overcrowded habitat will be subject to the same population constraints as other animals.

Much of the habitat alteration associated with the premanently inundated acreage will also be experienced above the lake where flood pools will cause some destruction of vegetation. To some extent, these losses will be mitigated by active management of upland acreage for wildlife habitat. The question of flood pool effects on vegetation is considered in more detail in a subsequent paragraph.

Nearly 18 miles of free-flowing stream will be inundated, or at least periodically subjected to backwater effects. Some aquatic faunal elements, such as largemouth bass, will adjust to this environmental change, increasing their numbers to a greater extent than would have been possible in the original free-flowing stream. However, stream species such as darters and shiners will either emigrate upstream or be eliminated through predation by lake fishes. As with terrestrial animals, these emigrations may cause habitat instabilities and deleterious effects on populations of invaded a r e a s .

Invertebrate stream fauna will also be modified by impoundment. Those having strict flowing-stream habitat requirements will be destroyed. Those organisms which are tolerant of or require a lake habitat will be encouraged. An estimated 720 man-days of stream fishing will be lost. This value is very low, indicating a limited use of the present fishery.

The Brookville Lake impoundment area encompasses no known "natural areas" as defined and delineated by Lindsey, et al (1970), thus no such areas will be lost.

The Brookville Lake project will probably have little effect on rare and endangered species. The bald eagle is primarily a fish eater, and, therefore, will probably not be adversely affected by the impoundment. However, they are extremely wary of man.

The Indiana nyotis, if actually present in the area, will probably not be adversely affected unless impounded water inundates caves that are, or could be utilized by the bats. No such caves are known to exist.

The potential sand and gravel resources of the inundated valley bottom will be less accessible for the duration of the project. No known significant historic sites will "be inundated, and no area affected by the project is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The Treaty Line Museum at Dunlapsville will be protected from inundation through a levee, and will operate in the same manner as prior to the project, or possibly expand. Two minor archaeologic sites will be inundated. Salvage work on these is not possible because they were searched by unauthorized collectors during the early project stages.

d. Environmental Characteristics. The principal effect of impound­ ment will be ecological change in connection with conversion of a free-flowing stream to a seasonally stratified lake. For any impoundment, such changes include increases in biological productivity, decreases in overall assimilative capacity for organic wastes, degradation of water quality in hypolimnetic (bottom) waters, temperature increases in the epilimnetic (top) waters, and overall changes in floral and faunal composition.

The lake will be long and..narrow, with an extensive shoreline. The project water surface will generally lie 150-200 feet or more below the elevation of the surrounding upland and, at least at its inception, will have the attractive aesthetic appeal of a confined valley lake sur­ rounded by slopes which are mostly forested.

Wind-induced lake circulation will be effective in winter but in summer it is likely that strong surface heating will cause the lake to stratify into a warm surface layer over cooler bottom waters. The stratification can be expected to be stable with little, if any, mixing between layers until fall turnover. The presence of a large expanse of warn water will promote growth of phytoplankton near the lake surface and the reservoir will be quite productive biologically.

Increases in the productivity of impounded water are caused by increased exposure of the water to sunlight and concomitant increases in temperature, along with decreases in turbidity as a result of decreased turbulence. In addition, a lake may act as a trap for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, all of which aie necessary for photosynthesis. Available data indicate that potential productivity of Erookville water is such that effects could be detrimental, occasionally resulting in some excessive growth of algal and aquatic plants. For example, the average concentration of phosphorus at the damsite is 0.5 mg/l; average values of soluble nitrogen and carbonate alkalinity, respectively are 3.6 mg/l as N and 210 mg/l as CaCO^. Of these elements, phosphorus is nearly always the limiting factor in potential productivity, since, among other factors, carbon and nitrogen are available from the atmosphere. Published estimates of inflow phosphorus concentrations necessary to produce undesirable eutrophication vary from 0.015 to 0.1 mg/l. As noted above, Brookville water is well above the upper end of this range. However, these estimates are based on research in natural lakes, which have flush-out periods measured in years or decades, and experience considerable year-to-year accumulation in phosphorus because of the nutrient trap effect; Brookville Lake, on the other hand, will have a flush-out rate of about two times per year, so the nutrient trap effect will probably have little significance - one summer’s nutrient accumulation will either be washed out or buried by the next summer. There will, however, be nutrient buildups during the course of a year; these could be of sufficient magnitude to cause danger of over-productivity.

A sewage treatment facility planned for the Mounds Recreation Area will contribute some nutrients to the lake. The maximum increase in inflow phosphorus concentration will be about 0.002 mg/l (based on ultimate capacity of 150,000 gallons per day, and an average simmer flow into the lake of 155 cfs). This figure assumes tertiary treatment with 90 percent phosphorus removal, which will be provided. Effluent from treatment facilities at any future recreation areas will be diverted from the lake basin entirely, and thus will have no effect on the project. The increase of 0.002 mg/l from the Mounds facility is insignificant.

Ultimate development of the Mounds Recreation area will require treatment of approximately 115,000- gpd; the treatment plant will be expanded to approximately 150,000 gpd hydraulic capacity to meet these needs. The overall phosphorus concentration in the lake water will be increased by about 0.002 mg/l. This projected increase is based on an influent of 115,000 gpd. The outfall will be at the bottom of the lake in the hypolimnion. Ordinarily, little mixing occurs between the hypolimnion and the water above it. If the effluent remains in the hypolimnion, the phosphorus content of the epilimnion should not increase. However, if there is a large enough temperature dif­ ference between the effluent and the hypolimnion, some mixing vail occur. This mixing could cause the phosphorus content of the epilimnion to increase enough to cause algal problems in the waters above the outfall; however, the treatment plant discharge pipe will be long enough to allow temperature equalization between the hypolimnion waters and the sewage effluent, thus eliminating this possibility.

Impoundment will decrease the overall capacity of East Fork Whitewater River to assimilate organic wastes. This effect is primarily caused by decrease in turbulence, and will contribute to the pro­ blems associated with eutrophication. The Mounds Recreation Area treatment facilities will drain into the lake, but using the discharge figures mentioned above and assuming 94 percent BOD removal (the design removal efficiency), this additional load will only amount to 0.03 mg/l BOD.

The abundance of suspended matter will limit penetration of sunlight to the bottom layer so oxygen-producing photosynethesis will not occur there. Consequently, water beneath the thermocline will be depleted of oxygen during the summer months. Dissolved nutrients will tend to increase in this layer due to decomposition of organic material. Iron and manganese in bottom and suspended sediments can be redissolved in a reducing environment and their concentrations will likely increase. Concentrations of some chemical constituents (Fe++, Mn++) may exceed applicable water quality standards, especially since stream concentrations of these metals are already high. Thus, degradation of water quality in the hypolimnion will include reduction in concentration of dissolved oxygen and increases in concentrations of soluble iron and manganese. These changes will only occur during the period of summer stratification. As stratification breaks up, oxygen will be restored to the water immediately, and iron and manganese will be oxidized and precipitated to the bottom after a brief period.

These factors create a potential for undesirable short-lived increases in algae populations during the summer months, leading to problems of taste and odor in water supplies and interference with recreational uses. Such problems could be aggravated during fall turnover, when nutrient-rich bottom waters will come to the surface and become available to the algae. Algae blooms are short-lived phenomena; nevertheless, this impact is potentially serious and is not easily mitigated. Improved sewage treatment upstream will lessen nutrient inflow to the lake. In this connection, it should be mentioned that, under orders of the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board, existing treatment facilities in the basin are being im­ proved, and no new facilities will be permitted until an approved regional sewage treatment plan is implemented.

Agricultural runoff, however, may remain a serious problem, but implementation of the East Fork of the Whitewater River Watershed Project would reduce erosion, sediment and nutrient inflows thereby reducing adverse lake effects discussed herein. As previously mentioned, prolonged buildups of nutrients in the lake will be limited bj periodic flushings as water is released downstream, so that the conditions described above may occur primarily on a seasonal basis.

Hie temperature of the surface waters of the lake will increase above natural stream conditions during summer months; this increase should not exceed the State of Indiana criterion of 90 degree F. for a warn water fishery.

In summary, water in Brookville Lake will meet the applicable criteria for fish and wildlife, recreation and '.rater supply, except as follows:

(1) During the summer months the hypolimnion will not meet fish and wildlife or 'water supply standards.

(2) During fall overturn concentrations of dissolved metals in the entire lake may exceed water supply standards. This condition will be of short duration. (3) During the summer months-and during fall overturn short-lived algae blooms may cause temporary problems of taste and odor in water supplies and interference with recreational uses.

The effects of impoundment on the biota will be influenced by several factors. In the lake itself, the flowing stream community will be re­ placed by lake-dwelling organisms. Above and below the pool, the stream­ dwelling species will not be directly affected, but any migratory species currently existing in the East Fork may be adversely affected since the dam will act as a barrier to migration. The effect of flow stabilization below the dam will probably be beneficial in that aquatic organisms will have a more dependable environment in which to live, although it could cause long-term changes such as encouraging the growth of rooted aquatic plants over algae.

Several species of game fish can be expected to inhabit the reservoir, depending, of course, on the stocking program followed. These include largemouth bass, crappie, and others now found in the stream environment, as well as some species not typical of free-flowing streams. Populations of many game fish may be considerably greater than now observed and it is expected that 6 0 , 0 0 0 man-days of fishing may be obtained from the reservoir ecosystem. Management practices such as stocking and preservation of timber coves will assist in maintenance of the fishery. On the other hand, summer stratification will reduce the usefulness of the bottom waters as fish habitat, which would decrease the maximum game fish popu­ lation. Eutrophic conditions may favor development of species other than desired game fish, and pool fluctuations may be detrimental to specimens such as largemouth bass and bluegill which spawn in shallow waters. The effects of pool level fluctuations on lake organisms are not well under­ stood, although certain events, for example, rapid fluctuations during the fish spawning season, are obviously deleterious. In cooperation with the other states, this District is investigating the possibility of altering filling and drawdown schedules so as to benefit gamefish populations in and below several reservoirs. Any procedures developed as a result of this agreement could be applied to Brookville Lake insofar as practical.

Many species of waterfowl may be favorably affected by the creation of an expanded aquatic habitat. The lake may serve as a rest stop for migrating species. Some migratory waterfowl may remain through the winter, depending upon adoption of management programs involving the production of grain crops.

The lake will act as a sediment trap. Upland erosion rates (re­ sulting from increased activities above the project) could be greater than those used to predict the needed storage volume for sediment. Bank erosion will also add to the sedimentation rate. However, the development of flood-retarding structures upstream, and the promotion of improved land management practices, should greatly reduce the turbidity and sediment load of streams entering the lake. The lake will alter the microclimate on and near the lake surface. The open water will tend to be a relatively cool body on summer days and a warm zone in winter, and will be a source of greater evaporation (and, therefore, humidity) than now occurs. Very local wind movements may be associated with the microclimatic differences.

Flooding of the present valley will cause the groundwater surface to rise beneath the uplands to a configuration which slopes toward the lake level. Fluctuations in pool elevation will be accompanied by shifts in the water table.

The quality of water released from the lake will depend on the operation program. During summer stratification, water will normally be released from the epilimnion and will be of acceptable quality. Severe summer storms, however, could necessitate opening the main gates and releasing poor quality hypolimnetic water. This water would be anaerobic and would exceed the National Technical Advisory Committee's recommended criteria for dissolved iron and manganese in water supplies. Although passage through the outlet works will restore oxygen to saturation levels, it is possible that oxygen demand in this water would deplete oxygen concentration downstream to the extent that there would be ah adverse impact on aquatic life. High iron and manganese concentration would adversely affect any downstream area relying upon the river for water supplies. Aeration in the tailwater area, will begin oxidation and precipitation of dissolved iron and manganese; fifty percent of the iron should be oxidized within three hours, but oxidation of manganese is much slower. Thus any water supply intake on the East Fork below the dam will experience adverse impact in the form of increased treatment cost whenever gate discharge is necessary during summer stratification.

Significant habitat alterations will occur between seasonal and flood pools due to periodic flooding. Soil erosion and especially soil wetting and root zone saturation will lead to gradual elimination of sene existing vegetation in this zone. The degree of mortality will be a function of frequency and length of flooding at different elevations, as well as the degree to which various species and individuals are tolerant to inundation. Another significant variable is the time of year that flooding occurs. Even species which have low flood tolerance during the growing season will usually endure much longer periods of inundation if they occur during the dormant season. In general terms, it can be stated that periodic winter flooding has minor significance in the survival of lowland tree species, and that flooding during the growing season is the chief cause of mortality.

Based on studies of other areas within the Ohio River Basin, average flood durations shown on the following table cause notable damage or death to given tree species: TOLERANCE TO FLOODING DURING THE GROWING SEASON

Days of Inundation Species Resulting in Mortality

Black Willow 78 days Ash 70 Red Maple 67 Cottonwood 63 Hawthorn 58 Honeylocust 53 Hackberry 46 American elm 45 Winged elm 45 Sycamore 44 River birch 42 Pignut hickory 36 Shagbark hickory 29 Paw paw 21 Sassafras 4 Hornbeam 3 Flowering dogwood 2 Black cherry 1

The more susceptible species will be lost at lower elevations (750-755 feet or higher) within a few years of project completion. The more resistant species may persevere for many years at lower elevations and may permanently survive toward the upper level of the flood pool. If the pool is maintained at 748 feet during the growing season, the effects of periodic winter flood storage on the existing tree species should be minimal. However, if pool levels in excess of 748 feet extend into the growing season, these will be susceptible to more water tolerant species.

New vegetation, such as aquatic macrophytes, is not likely to invade the reservoir, at least in the pool area, although seme growth is likely at the edges of the impoundment. Growth of rooted vegetation within the lake, or herbs on the emergent shoreline, requires a fairly stable water level, low turbidity, and adequate, but not excessive, nutrients. These conditions will not prevail at Brookville. Primary production in the lake will, therefore, be limited to algae and diatoms.

e. Changes Upstream and Downstream. Completion and filling of the lake will establish a new base level for the stream system tributary to the lake. Stream velocities will be reduced where the stream enters the lake water resulting in sedimentation and flood plain buildup. Eventually a new profile and gradient will be established by natural processes. Water released from the reservoir will be relatively free of sediment and thus capable of scouring the channel below the dam. Less sediment will be carried from the basin to the"main Whitewater River than is now transported. A significant change will be the modification of flow conditions downstream from the dam. Under all but extreme flood conditions, the flow in the East Fork of Whitewater River will be controlled by releases from the reservoir. Not only will this achieve the design benefits of flood control, but it will also result in stabilization of the flow regime below the dam. This may cause minor changes in downstream vegetation characteristics. It is also expected to pro­ mote a very vigorous tailwater fishery. The dam, however, will serve to block fish migrations.

The flood protection afforded by the project may effect a change in life style among downstream residents, especially citizens of Erookville and Harrison for whom the repeated danger of flooding will become greatly lessened. In the absence of flood plain zoning or other controls, this may promote development of the flood plain, and in general, be a growth stimulator in the downstream area.

f. Impact of Recreation Activities. Recreation represents the largest single component of project benefits, and extensive re­ creational use of the reservoir is anticipated. This includes over 70,000 user-days for fishing and hunting, or a quantifiable increase over present values. While this recreation v/ill have social benefit to the users and will mean a considerable influx of economic benefits to the neighboring area, it will involve some environmental stress. Despoilation of the soil and vegetation, accumulation of litter and attraction of vector populations to waste materials are all possible, unless proper management practices are followed. Proper water safety practices, appropriate waste water disposal facilities for water­ craft and establishment of a water quality zone around the reservoir, including control of septic tanks, are all essential to protect water quality.

Sources of noise associated with recreation are camp areas, wheeled vehicles, and power boats. Air quality will be adversely affected through increases in vehicles emissions and caspfires. Ihis impact can be controlled through traffic or fire restrictions if it becomes excessive. Attention has been given to the design of circulatory systems to minimize traffic congestion.

The extensive vise of the site for recreation can be expected to stimulate growth of tourist-related facilities in surrounding lands and towns with associated increase in area affluence and tax col­ lections. This growth will include a buildup in land values and probable development of some recreational communities.

The fact that public access to the reservoir may cause locally heavy traffic and associated effects is known to be some concern to local landowners and is, in fact, an issue in the matter of litigation currently concerning the project.

To insure minimum environmental disruption, provisions for manage­ ment of off-road vehicles will be included in plans for operation and maintenance programs after project completion. 4. Unavoidable Adverse Effects on the Environment. While there are many adverse effects on the environment, a large number are minor; are mitigated by various aspects of project design and management; or are compensated for by equivalent or greater benefits. Among the effects for which no direct compromise exists are those dealing with air quality, noise, water quality, loss of stream and wildlife habitat, including present small mouth bass fishery, and human dislocations. These and others have been discussed previously and are only briefly reviewed here.

One of the most significant effects on the physical environment will be some deterioration in air quality due to construction vehicular traffic, campfires, and general area development. Secondary physical impacts include soil and shoreline erosion, noise generation in some areas, inundation of sand and gravel resources, and valley bottom ground water reservoir fluctuations. All but the last two effects can be managed to a degree, but some impact is unavoidable in all cases.

The most significant unavoidable effect on the hydrologic environ­ ment is the loss of the existing stream and replacement of it with a lake in which, at seme times and places, adverse water quality condi­ tions may occur. Most other major unavoidable impacts involve down­ stream alterations in the flow regime. These impacts are, by project design, considered beneficial as a whole. These flows are considered beneficial because they provide for more uniform habitat conditions.

Adverse effects to the biological environment include inundation of a major stream reach and several thousand acres of farm and wood­ land habitat. Further habitat alteration by periodic flooding of seasonal pools is also a potentially serious impact. The entire eco­ system of the area will shift from one in which primary productivity is in a relatively stable and easy to manage terrestrial ecosystem, to one in which primary production will be attributable to aquatic plankton, which are difficult to manage or control. The overall effect of this shift will be a reduction in material goods to be harvested from the ecosystem.

The most serious socio-economic impact is the dislocation of the valley population and the loss of productive agricultural land. En­ vironmental stresses associated with recreation and with areal develop­ ment stimulated by the reservoir are also of concern. The net effect of the project on area aesthetics is a relative one, dependent on the observer's preference for a valley-stream environment or a valley-lake environment. A minor unavoidable impact is associated with inconvenience because of access difficulties in going from one side of the reservoir to the other. Archeological resources were considered minor and the impact thereon negligible. Some social and environmental problems will result from the inadequate access from the south and the heavily populated Cincinnati,area. The above losses must, of course, be weighed against project benefits. The shift from a terrestrial to aquatic ecosystem, for example, is bene­ ficial for recreation and further represents a sacrifice of agricultural production in favor of downstream flood protection. Many mitigations are associated with the project, such as the active program to manage lake fishery and upland game resources; the use of environmental guidelines in construction contracts; the use of a selective withdrawal control tower to control the quality of water releases; and positive efforts toward resettlement and relocation. Lesser mitigation measures include sale of marketable timber resources, rather than their destruction; development of buffers to screen noise; and landscaping of cleared areas such as lookouts.

5. Alternatives to the Proposed Action. At various stages throughout the plan formulation for this project, both structural and non-structural alternatives have been considered to various degrees. Non-structural measures would have had less impact on the natural environment than the project under construction. None of these would have met the objectives of providing the desired degree of flood control, water supply, or recreation. Such non-structural alternatives as the following were considered.

a. The alternative of no action would have disregarded objectives associated with water resources development in the area, and would have foregone benefits from the project. This alternative would have left environmental conditions and modes of living of the area residents u n c hanged.

b. Some additional flood relief could have been provided by improve­ ment of existing flood forecasting and warning procedures. Although residents would have been in less personal danger, damages to real property would not have been appreciatively decreased.

c. Evacuation of the flood prone areas would have left the area in its former state, but would have had a sociological and psycholog­ ical impact on most persons evaucated. Additionally, purposes other than flood control would not have been served

d. While flood plain zoning would have a minimal impact on the environment in undeveloped areas, zoning is not within the purview of authority of the Corps of Engineers. It is encouraged, as adequate flood plain zoning in the past would have made present flood control measures unnecessary. Structural alternatives such as levees, channel improvements, and floodwalls in this area were infeasible. Channel improvements are generally regarded as more damaging from an environ­ mental standpoint than other structural methods of flood control because of massive disruption of streambed and streambanks. Three potential sites for a dam were investigated. Site 1 is the site which was selected and has been previously described. A second site considered was across a narrow point in the valley, approximately two miles upstream from Brookville. At this location, the main valley is deeper for a distance of only about 500 feet. In order to provide equivalent storage in inches runoff, the dam and spillway would have been higher than for the selected site, thereby requiring a greater amount of land. The third site considered for the dam location is immediately downstream from Battle Point, a hill located at the right side of the valley approximately three miles upstream from the selected site. To provide equivalent capacity to that considered at site 1, the height of the dam v:ould have been increased, requiring additional amounts of land, and therefore more expense and greater impact. Therefore, the two latter sites were eliminated.

During plan formulation, an incremental analysis of eleven alternative projects at the site was accomplished to determine the optimum economic scale of development. A pump storage facility was proposed for the project area by Public Service Company of Indiana, but is no longer under consideration. The inclusion of power as a project purpose reduced net benefits below that of any alternative project.

As of late 1973, with $27,000,000 in Federal funds expended, there are only two alternatives which are viable to the proposed action of completing and operating the project as planned. First, it could be completed and modified in some manner which would lessen its environ­ mental impact. Secondly, it could be cancelled.

Completion of the project would have the benefits and impacts already discussed. Completion and a different form of management would require sacrifice of some component of the benefits in order to improve environ­ mental quality. For example, the pool fluctuations for flood control could be limited, lessening both the flood control benefits and the alteration of habitat conditions above seasonal pool. Recreational use of the area could be restricted, lessening both these benefits and the environmental stresses associated with recreation. Lessening of potential drawdown for water supply would reduce that benefit, but could have a favorable effect on lake fishery resources, lake aesthetics, and other environmental elements that might suffer if lake volume was reduced well below normal pool.

The second alternative, project cancellation, could be accomplished with various levels, degrees or combinations of reclamation, restoration, removal or enhancement of work, acquisition or construction action already taken. If the project were cancelled at the present time, the land acquisition, road construction, and relocations already accomplished would serve no purpose. Abandonment of construction to date would leave scars on the landscape. Negligible salvage value could be realized for many existing structural improvements. Anticipated benefits of flood control, water supply, and recreation from the existing projects would not be realized. This alternative becomes viable only if the economic, environmental, and social well being benefits exceed the costs. The benefits resulting from cancellation of the project must still be greater than the sum of the irretrievable costs incurred in construction to date, suspension of contracts and destruction and disposal costs.

If, however, the project were cancelled, the alternatives which would meet or partially meet the project's authorized purposes would be again open subject to the burden of the already expended resources in money, energy, and human effort plus the environmental impacts which have already occurred. These other structural and non-structural alternatives are therefore not considered as viable, reasonable alternatives.

6. Relationship Between Local Short Term Uses of Man* s Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Lone Term Productivity. The Brookville project will be achieved at the loss of the present productivity of the land, especially for agricultural uses. Present fish and wildlife productivity will also be reduced, at least for the duration of the project. When the project has served its useful purpose, the reservoir could be drained and the bottom lands reclaimed for some agricultural and other uses.

The benefits of the project are conceived largely as contributing to the long term productivity in the area. Flood control benefits are expected to promote human well being in downstream areas, to eliminate significant annual financial losses due to flooding, and to lead to continued or expanded economic development there. Storage for water supply is to ensure that long term regional productivity is not restricted by lack of water. Recreational benefits are based on increasing pressures for water-oriented recreation opportunities; Provision of facilities for public use is expected to promote the well being, and hence, producti­ vity, of those who visit the lake. Fish and wildlife benefits are also designed to obtain long term productivity in animal harvest.

The process of trading lake productivity for that of valley lands is one process which must be evaluated with care, since the pro­ ductivity of the latter is often more reliable than that of the former. In the case of Brookville Lake, there is the possibility that eutrophic conditions will limit achievement of the full project potential. To some extent, this eutrophication is a function of local short term uses of the environment for agricultural and sewage treatment practices. The improvement of treatment practices should lessen the rate of eutrophication.

7. Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources Which Would Be Involved in the Proposed Action Should It Be Implemented. The project is an irretrievable commitment of the pre-existing stream, cropland, natural vegetation, wildlife and other resources of the area. Some of these resources have already been committed and could only be partially recovered at this time. The commitment of land resources is for the life of the project, since, after project completion, a drained reservoir would provide new land. Commitments of valley bottom sand and gravel are also for the life of the project, and can be extracted, at greater cost than now experienced, upon project termination. The Brookville Lake will bring a lasting change to the area economy, converting it from almost total reliance on agriculture to a more diverse base in which recreational activities are increasingly important. The project Involves commitment of capital, construction materials and labor, of which only some materials could be recovered. Finally, the project represents an irreversible and irretrievable commitment to alter the ecosystem as it now exists, by shifting from a situation in which primary productivity is terrestrial to one in which it is aquatic.

8. Coordination with Other. Agencies.

a. Public Participation.. The first public meeting on the Brookville Lake project took place on 22 November 1960. This followed a meeting of November 1959, in which 800 citixens discussed the pressing need for flood control projects in the area. Out of the 1959 meeting came the formation of the Whitewater Valley Flood Control Association, and a request that the Brookville project receive Federal attention. The project was formerly approved by Congress on 28 June 1938. Informal meetings between the Corps and interested groups and individuals, as well as foxmal public meetings, took place on several occasions throughout the planning process and are summarixed in this section.

A list of formal public hearings and meetings with government agencies, local groups, and other interests follows.

Date__ Mew-tUng/Hearlng__

22 November I960 Public Hearing, Brookville 4 October 1962 Public Meeting, Brookville 5 M a r c h 1963 Public Meeting, Fairfield 21 May 1963 Petition presented to Congressional subcommittee 13 February 1964 Public Meeting, Brookville 31 October 1967 Brookville Chamber of Commerce 11 January 1967 Sims Cemetery Association 10 November 1966 Sims Cemetery Association 24 M a y 1966 Various groups, Fairfield 5 October 1971 Brookville Chamber of Commerce 23 February 1971 Public Meeting, Brookville 4 November 1971 Liberty Commercial Club

Exhibit 47 lists, in table format, a summary of coordination ef­ forts with governmental agencies, citizens, and conservation interests on the Brookville Lake Project.

Although it is too volumniouc to document, it should be noted many citizens corresponded on an individual basis v/ith the Corps, at all stages of project planning and development, to voice endorsement, concern, or to obtain information. b. Government Agencies. During the planning process, coordination was maintained with various Federal, state, and local agencies. These agencies are summarized below.

Federal

Bureau of Outdoor Recreation Bureau of Sports Fisheries and Wildlife Environmental Protection Agency- Federal Power Commission National Park Service Public Health Service Soil Conservation Service

State

Indiana 3oard of Health Indiana Department of Natural Resources Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission Indiana Highway Department Stream Pollution Control Board Wabash Valley Interstate Commission

L2£fi1

Brookville Planning and Zoning Commission Brookville Town Council Franklin County Council Union County Board of Commissioners

Other Interest Groups

Union County Historical Society Indiana Historical Society Richmond Recreational Club Richmond Sailing Club Feyette-Union Rural Electric Membership Corporation Treaty Line Historical Museum Whitewater Valley Flood Control Association Brookville Reservoir Advisory Committee Oxford Country Club Brookville Jaycees Liberty Commercial Club Brookville Chamber of Commerce Brookville High School Earlham College Miami University of Ohio Treaty Line Council of Girl Scouts Whitewater Valley Citizens Committee Ohio Valley Inprovement Association Brookville Chamber of Commerce Brookville Kiwanis 3rookville Town Council Brookville Junior Chamber of Commerce Fairfield Redevelopment, Inc. c. Contacts vith Other Agencies. During the planning process, critical comments were solicited from various Federal, state, and local agencies. The following were advised of project development and provided with appropriate data and maps on 25 March 1971. Each agency was asked if they were aware of any conflicts or pertinent data associated with the implementation of this project.

National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Sports Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, U.S. Department of the Interior Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of the Interior Environmental Protection Agency, Region V (formerly the Federal Water Quality Pollution Control Administration) Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Fish and Wildlife Service Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Department of Parks Indiana Department of Commerce, State Planning Division

d. Comments Requested and Received on This Environmental Impact Statement

Fedeiel

* Office of Environmental Project Review, U.S. Department of the Interior * Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5 Regional Administrator, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Region 5 * Assistant Secretary for Environmental Affairs, U.S. Department of Commerce Region 5, Environmental Review Officer, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare * Federal Highway Administration, Indiana Division Engineer, Department of Transportation * Regional Foresters, Eastern Region, U.S. Department of Agriculture National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce * Indiana State Conservationist, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture State

Indiana State Budget Agency (State Clearinghouse) * Historic Hoosier Hills, Chairman Executive Council

Other

Midwest Representative, Sierra Club Indiana Representative, Sierra Club Central Midwest Representative, National Audubon Society Knob and Valley Audubon Society of Southern Indiana League of Women Voters of Indiana

^Asterisk indicates comments received. League of Women Voters of Indiana Indiana Division, Izaak Walton League of America Indiana Conservation Natural Resources, Inc. Indiana Conservation Council, Inc. Committee to Publicize Crisis Biology Indiana ECO-Coalition Indiana Public Interest Research Group Save Our Streams, Inc. Indiana Chapter, The Nature Conservancy National Parks and Conservation Association Environmental Information Center, Inc. The Louisville Times The Courier Journal, Louisville Courier-Journal and Times, Sunday Departments Center for Urban Affairs, Northwestern University Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. Environmental Defense Fund National Wildlife Federation Regional Governor, The Izaak Walton League of America Franklin County Attorney Union County Attorney Wayne County Attorney Union County Chamber of Commerce Brookville Lake Advisory Committee, Whitewater Valley Flood Control Association, Inc. Richmond Recreational Club Treaty Line Museum, Inc., President and Mr. Clyde Kassens The Institute for Environmental Sciences, Miami University Liberty Chamber of Commerce 3rookville High School, Principal * Brookville Chamber of Commerce Department of Agriculture, University of Notre Dame, Professor Patrick Horsbrugh Richmond Chamber of Commerce Union County Historical Society, Inc. Joseph Moore Museum, Earlham College. Department of Geology, Miami University, Professor Byron E. Logan Miami University, President Earlham College, President Harrison Chamber of Commerce, Inc. Franklin County Chamber of Commerce, Inc. Midwest Engineers, Inc. * The Palladiem-Item (Newspaper) The Brookville Democrat (Newspaper) at Brookville The Herald (Newspaper) at Liberty The Graphic (Newspaper) at Richmond Ice, Miller, Donadio and Ryan, Attorney James R. Fisher * Whitewater Valley Conservancy District * Franklin County Soil and Water Conservation District e. Discussion of Comments Received.

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF B E INTERIOR

Comment 1: The final statement should contain evidence that the State Historical Preservation Officer has been consulted to determine vhether the project will have a direct or indirect Impact on any historic, archeological, or aesthetic resource.

Response: The Indiana State Budget Agency which is the State Clearinghouse for Environmental Impact Statements has been furnished copies of the draft SIS. However, they have not as yet responded. In addition, a copy of the draft EIS ?/as forwarded to the Office of Mr. Joseph D. Cloud, Director, Department of Natural Resources and State Historical Preservation Officer. On 17 November 1973 Mr. Cloud's office was contacted via telephone. Mr. John T. Costello (Deputy Director of Department of Natural Resources) indicated that they (Department of Natural Resources and State Historical Preservation Officer) had no comment on subject impact statement.

Comment 2 : A relocated pipeline of the Gulf Refining Company will cross Brookville Lake near the middle of the pool. Although the potential for a pipeline break and resulting spill may be remote, this possibility requires a discussion or explanation.

Response: The relocated pipeline was constructed in 1968 using double coated pipe with 1-1/2 inch concrete coating on the portions in the lake area. As required by Section 437.4.1 of USASB31.4, liquid petroleum transportation piping systems, the pipe was hydrostatic tested, and all welds were x-rayed. The pipe has a design pressure of 1,240 psi using a safety factor of 3. It is realized that even with all these precautions a break could occur, however, the possiblity of a break oc­ curring in the lake is extremely remote for the following reasons: (l) the pipe connecting to the relocated pipeline on both sides of the lake was constructed in 1932 v.lth acetylene welded joints; and (2) the pipe­ line extends from Dublin, Indiana to Cincinnati, Ohio, a distance of about 70 miles with Brookville Lake near the midpoint. Therefore, the operating pressure in the lake area would be substantially less than the pump pres­ sure at Dublin. In the event there is a rupture on the sections beneath the lake, there are gate valves on both sides of the lake.

Comment 3: The section on wildlife suggests that upland wildlife species with a preference for open fields, field border, and woodlot mix did not exist prior to the original disturbance caused by settlers. In fact, the clearing for agriculture o n l y improved their habitats and they v/ere able to exist in greater numbers afterward. We suggest that the substitution of the follovlng sentence for the last sentence of the first paragraph on page 16; "These species were able to occupy in greater num­ bers an area in which they formerly found few niches".

Response: The suggested change has been included in the final EIS.

Comment: The State of Indiana, Division of Fish and Wildlife, has a more recent stream survey than that presented in Exhibit 30.

Response: The latest stream survey has been added to the final EIS. Comment 5: The discussion on the effect on rere or endangered species is conjectural. No inventory work was done to determine the presence or absence of the species discussed.

Response; This is true; however as the statement indicates the project would have little detrimental effect on any of the possible rare or endangered species to occur in the area, if they are in fact present.

Comment 6: Missing from the discussion of the proposed action is an assessment o" tin impact on the area around the reservoir exclusive of the shoreline and protected downstream flood plain. Real estate development probably will increase for as far as ten miles from the reservoir. Land prices already are rising and commercial development is occurring along major roadways near the project.

Response: A discussion of the projects impacts land use patterns and land values on the surrounding area has been included in the final SIS.

Comment 7: A statement is made on page 27 regarding a lesser degree of impact on avian species due to their mobility. This is not generally true. Birds require territories, nest sites, food sources, and cover. Crowding of those individuals forced from existing habitat by construction activity and inundation will cause strife, reduce repro­ duction, and increase predator mortality similar to that caused to mammal populations.

Response; The avian species by virtue of their greater mobility would have a better chance to move to unaffected areas. However, if they are forced into overcrowded habitats, they are subject to the same stresses as mammals or other less mobil species. Tnis feet was so stated in the draft EI5.

Comment 8: The statement made to the effect that the value of the stream fishing is low (limited use) is contested elsewhere by state­ ments indicating that use is low due to poor access to the streams.

Response: The term value refers to the limited utilization of the stream for sport fishing not the quality of the fishery. As indicated in the statement the limited use results primarily from the lack of acces to the stream.

Comment 9 : There is need to stress the loss of the smallmouth bass fishery referred to on page 16.

Response: Concur; the section on Unavoidable Adverse Environ­ mental Effects on the Environment has been expanded to mention this fact.

Comment 10: No mention _ i.^de of the loss of 18 or more miles of canoeing rater which is increasing in popularity on this stream

Response: From what can be determined this section of the river receives a relatively small amount of canoeing activity. Comment 11; Information regarding the probable adverse impact on naiads is missing.

Response: Although naiads are not specifically mentioned, the statement indicates that invertebrate stream fauna will be modified by the impoundment. Those naiads requiring a free flowing stream habitat, e.g., young of the Odonata, Plecoptera, and Ephemeroptera (as well as the Pelecypoda) having lotic requirements, will be eliminated by the impoundment.

Comment .12: There is no discussion of the impact or adverse effect of the project on the surrounding area.

Response: There will undoubtedly be a change in land use patterns on the private lands in the vicinity of the project. The extent of the change is difficult to accurately forecast. However, due to the projects relative proximity to a large metropolitan area, it is probable that the project will result in a population influx to the area and transition of the area from rural to more suburban in character. It should be noted that the responsibility for land use planning and proper zoning to prevent uncontrolled and unwise development on these lands rests'in the hands of the local government.

Comment 13: The section on alternatives should be expanded to include more extensive discussion of the four alternatives suggested. It should also discuss other non-structural alternatives such as the develop­ ment of a green belt river corridor.

Response: In consideration of the present stage of development of the project, it is felt that the statement as presently constituted adequately covers all reasonable and viable alternatives to the project.

Comment 1 £ : There appears to be a decimal point error in the dissolved oxygen figures in Exhibit 17.

Response: The figures given are for dissolved solids not dissolved oxygen. U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Comment 1 : During our recent site visit, large areas of soil above the seasonal pool were exposed. While many of these areas were probably subject to further construction activity, temporary erosion and sediment control measures should have been utilized. For the remaining construction activity we feel that the use of temporary diversions, slope drains, flow barriers, and sediment traps should be required in appropriate locations.

Response: Silt control structures are now being required at all new projects where such problems are anticipated, but this was not the case when construction began at Brookville. Impoundment of Brookville Lake began in mid-January and ejipo^d areas which are not inundated are being seeded and stabilized as conditions permit.

Comment 2 : Nutrient concentrations for the East Fork Whitewater River are relatively high. By impounding this stream, turbidity will decrease, increasing light penetration, resulting in increased algal growth. This algal growth could increase sufficently to become a nuisance. Bathing, boating and water-skiing may be impaired. Fish kills from supersaturation of oxygen as well as depletion of oxygen are possible. The effect of flushing on nutrient concentrations dis­ cussed in the EIS assumes that "flushing" in terms of water volume is equivalent to "flushing" in terms of nutrients. We disagree with this approach since other factors should be taken into consideration such as evaporation, the production and decomposition of algae and associate organisms, the accumulation and decomposition of debris, and character­ istics of releases during periods of stratification.

Response; We have stated that nutrient accumulation will occur during the course of the year, and that increased algal growth may occur as a result. We recognize that flushing of water is not necessarily equivalent to nutrient flushing, but we are convinced that it is an important factor. During the winter and early spring, when the lake waters will be essentially homogeneous, a volume of water greater than the total volume of the lake at seasonal pool will pass through the lake. Nutrient accumlated during the previous summer will at this time be either in the water or in the sediments. Since we cannot quantify tiese effects, we must act on the basis of experience with similar impoundments. This experience indicates that, in lakes with such high flow-through rawes, nutrient accumulation on a year-to-year basis is not an important problem.

Comment__2.: The water quality of the impoundment in Whitewater State Park which is in or adjacent to the project's boundaries should be discussed, particularly with regard to algal concentrations and coli- form counts. We understand that swimming was prohibited this past summer as a result of high coliform counts. If coliform counts will be high at Brookville, recreational activities will be adversely affected. A tho­ rough discussion of Brookville's suitability to maintain adequate water quality to permit body contact recreation should be provided.

Response: We have no specific information about this lake, al­ though we have heard informally that algae problems have occurred which required treatment with copper sulphate. Two factors should be noted here. First, Whitewater State Park Lake is an impoundment of Silver Creek, which receives effluent from a sewage treatment plant at Liberty. Since Silver Creek drains about 5 percent of the Brookville basin, there will be about a 20:1 dilution of this water. Second, Liberty's sewage treatment plant is being upgraded in accordance with state regulations concerning streams flowing into reservoirs. This work should be completed by the time of impoundment. “Die nearest planned beach is the future campground beach at the Quakertown site across the lake from the outlet of Whitewater Lake. The day use beach at the Quakertown site is approximately one mile from the outlet. This beach is also scheduled for future develop­ ment. The beach presently voider construction is located at the Mounds site about 5.5 miles from the outlet of the Whitewater Lake. Several other beaches scheduled for future development are located throughout the lake. From the above, we assume that the water quality will be adequate for body contact recreation activities.

Comment A : If rough fish are present in the impoundment at Whitewater State Park, fish control measures nay be planned to protect Brookville Reservoir from rough fish. Any control methods planned should be discussed.

Response: Two detrimental species of fish, Carle and Gizzard Shad, are present in the East Fork of the Whitewater River. Hie Indiana Department of Natural Resources has no plans for preimpoundment poisoning of the streams throughout the watershed because the streams are being used for numerous water svpplies. The state proposes Xu engage’ in an excessive program of predator fish stocking; a significant proportion of the fish to be stocked will be of sufficient size to spawn with in the first year. The State expects to stock large mouth bass, northern pike, walleye pike, white bass, crappie, red ear, bluegill, flathead catfish and channel catfish in tne lake and small mouth bass, rock bass, and channel cat in the East Fork.

Comment 5: The sewage treatment facility planned for the Mounds Recreational Area refers to a capacity of 15,000 gallons per day. Ac­ cording to our files the sewage treatment plant will consist of a 56,000 gallon-per-day facility. The calculations used to express phosphorus concentrations should be revised to reflect the appropriate volume of wastewater effluent. The discussion of phosphorus concentrations assumes complete mixing. During summer periods with lake stratification complete mixing will not occur. The EIS should be revised to reflect this situa­ tion and discuss the effects of the effluent on water quality. Response: Concur, appropriate aata has been added to final ' EIS.

Comment 6: Also, the EIS should discuss v/hen and where the sewage treatment plant effluent will be discharged after May 1, 1976, since the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board approved the facility under the conditions that the effluent 'would not be discharged into Brookville Reservoir after that date.

Response: No decision has been made at this time. Die matter is still under consideration.

Comment 7 : If recreational use will preceed completion of the treatment facility, temporary sanitary facilities should be made available. The EIS should discuss plans for temporary facilities and disposal methods.

Response: While it is possible that the Mounds area could be used for very limited day use prior to completion of the sanitary facilities and sewage treatment plant, no heavy use is anticipated because of con­ struction activities. If the number of users warrant temporary sanitary facilities, prefabricated vault or chenical units will be supplied. These facilities will be pumped out regularily and the material disposed of in a State approved treatment facility.

Comment 8: Carlyle Reservoir in Illinois is subject to very rough water conditions in moderate to heavy winds with subsequent shoreline erosion. Brookville Reservoirs* relatively long and narrow, North-South configuration with steep banks could make the shoreline susceptible to similar erosion problems. The EIS should discuss the likelihood of this happening and present a plan to deal with the problems.

Response; Although some erosion may occur, there are no signi­ ficant similarities between the physical conditions which have caused erosion problems at Carlyle Reservoir and potential erosion problems at this project. Prevailing wind direction, freeboard, lake configuration, etc. are all different and it is believed there will be no similar condi­ tions at Brookville.

Comment 9 : Roseburg Road crosses the upper end of the reservoir. It consists of an embankment and a bridge span. Debris, particularly during periods of high runoff will probably accomulate along stagnant areas adjacent to the causeway. This situation could also occur ad­ jacent to the other road crossing the reservoir. The EIS should describe measures to discourage debris accumulation in these areas may encourage stagnate water which could promote unsightly algal blooms. Since a swimming area is planned south of Roseburg Road the problem of stagnation and debris accumulation should be avoided. We recommend the installation of a culvert through the embankment to prevent stagnation and promote flow. Response; Causeways have been utilized at other projects without the stated potential problems occuring.

Comment 10: The EIS recognizes that impounding the stream will result in higher concentrations of iron and manganese. Since the reservoir is being constructed to provide water supply in addition to other benefits, the EIS should discuss the effect high concentra­ tions of iron and manganese will have on water supply such as increased treatment costs, discoloration, and deposits in pipelines and filter plants. Also the reaction of manganese with orthotolidine gives a color and therefore a false chlorine residual which will require the use of an alternate method to test for chlorine.

Response; Adverse effects of iron and manganese on water supplies are discussed on page 31 of the EIS. We concur with respect to the possible necessity of an alternate method to test for chlorine.

Comment 11; Since the water quality of Brookville Reservoir appears to be favorable for the development of algal growths, the EIS should recognize that taste and odor problems may adversely affect water supply.

Response: See paragraph 3.d. (3) of statement, p

Comment 12; During the summer it is expected that the hypolimnion will not meet fish and wildlife or water supply standards. Whenever a main gate discharge is necessary during summer stratification anaerobic water from the hypolimnion will be released downstream. Depending upon the amount of dilution, downstream dissolved oxygen concentrations could reach critical levels which would adversely affect the downstream fishery. The EIS should attempt to estimate the resultant dissolved oxygen concen­ trations in the tailwater during periods when main gate releases are necessary. The EIS should also utilize the reservoir regulation studies coveming the past 30 years to indicate the frequency of main gate re­ leases that would be involved in the operation of the project during summer stratification.

Response: Downstream effects of main gate discharges during the period of stratification are discussed in paragraph 3.d. (3) of the EIS. We calculate that the main gates will be operated on an average of 10 days per year during the stratification period.

Comment II- It is expected that a sizeable portion of the minimum release will be from ground water seeping beneath the dam from the reservoir. Since this will be a sizeable portion of the minimum release the SIS should address the expected water quality of this seepage and the resultant quality of water below the dam. Measures which could be incorporated into the project to maintain an adequate quality of water from reservoir releases during minimum releases and main gate releases should be discussed in detail.

Response: Seepage through the dam via relief wells is expected to provide up to 8 cfs. This water will have to travel approximately 2 900 to 3,000 feet through sands and gravels to reach the relief wells. The quality of this water will be monitored, and is expected to be good.

Comment 14: '.Ve recommend that the water quality be monitored below the impoundment. The data could be used to improve the operation of the reservoir for downstream water quality.

Response: Concur. This will be done.

Comment 15: The EIS should describe the disposal of solid waste from recreational areas and debris from the log boom. The lo­ cation and description of disposal sites should be indicated.

Response: It is anticipated that the State approved sanitary land fill at Brookville will be used for solid waste from the recrea­ tional areas and the log boom. The present location of the Brookville land fill is about two miles northwest of the city limits on U. S. Highway 52, this site is in the drainage basin of the Westfcrk and thus will have no effect on the Lake. In the event that this site becomes unavailable for Corps use other State approved facilities may become available. It is likely that reservoir lands would prove suit­ able for disposal of project solid wastes if no other area can be found.

Comment 16; New water quality standards (Regulation SPC 1R-3) were adopted by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board on July 17, 1973, Federally approved August 9, 1973, and effective August 21, 1973. The EIS should refer to these standards and discuss the impact these new standards will have on the project.

Response: The only impact the new standards will have on the project concerns the requirement for phosphorus removal at municipalities with a daily phosphorus discharge of 10 lbs/day or more and which are located within 40 miles upstream of the lake. The effect of this or the project will be beneficial in that 80 percent of the phosphorus inflow from Liberty and Richmond will be removed, thus reducing the eutrophication potential of the lake.

Cgpaent 11: Since water supply is a major benefit of the project, we feel that an appropriate discussion should be provided concerning potential users, intakes, and distribution facilities. Also, the EIS should describe the quality and quantity of groundwater and discuss this source as an alternative to water supply. Also, if the water supply storage is utilized, recreation could be adversely affected due to water level fluctuations. This impact should be discussed in the EIS. Response: In the initial phase of operation it is unlikely that the small amount of water supply storage being utilized from the lake will effect recreational vise adversely. By the year 2000 summer drawdown for water supply will adversely effect lake in years of drought to the extent that beaches will be closed and other uses of the lake area will be reduced. However, in an average year of maximum water use the reservoir will be drawndown less than one foot.

Comment 18: According to the description of the reservoir operation, the pool would be lowered during September to provide ad­ ditional flood storage. Since autumn is relatively dry and mild and recreational use will probably continue at least through the month of October, consideration should be given to delaying this drawdown to extend normal recreational use. If an October or November drawdovai cannot be provided, the EIS should discuss the rationale baaed on the reservoir regulation studies over the past 30 years.

Response: During project formulation, various authorities on the recreational aspects of water resource projects were consulted and their conclusions indicate that recreation use will drop sharply in mid-September and the lowering of the pool will not affect the remaining recreational uses. Regulation schedules will be revalued if the projected usage is different from that anticipated.

Comment 19: During our site visit, clearing had been completed and numerous brush piles were located throughout the area to be inun­ dated. If these brush piles have not yet been burned, v/e recommend that burning be avoided by anchoring the piles in the areas subject to inundation to be used as fish attractors.

Response: Ihe concept is valid however, construction activities have progressed to a point making implementation at the project not feasible, however, this approach will be considered at future projects. Water quality is sometimes adversely affected by such organic material, however.

Comment 20: One environmental impact which should be acknowledged is the loss of agricultural land due to inundation. The EIS should compare total agricultural production with the project, taking into consideration losses from reservoir inundation to total agricultural production without the project.

Response: Approximately 50J{ of the lands acquired are agricul­ tural. The project may affect up to 4.4 % (8,500 acres) of the total agricultural lands found in the four county area, (see Exhibits 32 and 36) Comment 21; Flood control is one of the major benefits of the project. The EIS should indicate the major beneficiaries of this flood control. Since Brookville Reservoir is being constructed, down­ stream flood plain developments may occur. Since this project will not completely relieve downstream areas from flooding it seems conceivable that if Brookville Reservoir encourages downstream flood plain development, damages from flooding could increase rather than decrease. The EIS should discuss measures which have been used in conjunction with this project to control flood plain development.

Response: Substantial benefits accrue to areas along the East Fork and Whitewater Rivers. No major federal action has been taken in conjunction with this project to contrcl or limit flood plain develop­ ment. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

No comments received.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Comment 1: The subsection on stream fauna should be expanded to more fully describe the river and provide information on benthos, aquatic vegetation, and stream bottom conditions.

Response: As indicated in the statement this information is not readily available. However it is a foregone conclusion that the change from lotic to lentic conditions will modify the aquatic ecology in the affected area of the stream.

Comment 2 : With regard to the fish populations, mention should be made of the 1962 report by Edward Aderkas and H. E. McReynolds, "A Study of Composition and Relative Abundance of Fish Populations of the East Fork of the Whitewater River, Final Report F-4-R-9; Work Plan 1, Job N, "Indiana Department of Natural Resources.

Response; Reference to this reporu has been made in the final fi.I.S.

Comment 3: The fact that this area of the East Fork of the Whitewater River is said to be high quality smallmouth bass water should be acknowledged in the section "Environmental Impact of the Froposed Action.

Response: See response to comment 9 U. S. Department of Interior.

Comment 4 : We suggest that the last sentence on page 27 refer­ ring to the low value and limited use of the present fishery be deleted.

Response: See response to comment 8 U. S. Department of Interior.

Comment 5: The loss of opportunity for canoeing on the stretch of river to be inundated should be mentioned.

Response: See response to comment 10 U. S. Department of Interior.

Comment 6 : The factors listed dealing with the lake as a nutrient trap (page 29), summer stratification and hypolimnetic oxygen reduction (agricultural runoff, domestic sewage, page 30), and previous study on Whitewater Lake, Union County, Indiana, indicate to us that the adverse effects mentioned in the third paragraph on page 30 will prove more of a problem to effective sport fishery management than indicated. The fishery use may well decrease with time, as it has on Whitewater Lake, making modification of the man-days of fishing effort necessary. These problems should be more fully discussed. Response: Although the potential for this problem does exist at Brookville Lake, a direct correlation between it and the Whitewater Lake is difficult due to differences in outlet design and operating procedure at the two lakes.

Corment 7 : Information on the specific changes due to the modifi­ cation of the flow conditions downstream should be included on pages 1 and 2 of the draft environmental impact statement the controlled releases are listed as .50 cfs. at levels of 748 feet and below, and as 100 cfs. when the reservoir level is above 748 feet msl. As the seasonal pool elevation is 748 feet, it would appear that the reservoir will be at or below that level the majority of the year. Page 12 indicates that the mean flow of the river during a 17-year period was 390 cfs. Since the minimum 50 cfs. controlled release is 340 cfs. below the mean flow, it would appear that this reduction could cause a more significant and definable change than noted in the draft statement. Clarification of this point would be desirable.

Response: The 50 cfs figure refers to a minimum release when the pool is at 748 or below and the 100 cfs figure is the minimum release when the lake is in flood stage. Generally speaking the normal releases will equal the inflow except when inflows drop below 50 cfs. In these cases flows will be augmented to provide a minimum release of 50 cfs.

Comment 8 : The statement on page 35 dealing with alteration to the downstream flow regime, and the following statement regarding the overall beneficial nature of these changes should be more specific.

Response: An explanation of the nature of these changes has been added to the final EIS.

Comment 9 : The section cn alternatives should provide addi­ tional information on the environmental impact of the listed alter­ natives. Without such information, it is impossible to make an accu­ rate assessment of the environmental benefits and costs of the project versus those of the alternatives. Secondly, even though the project is partially constructed, the "sum of the irretrievable costs incurred in construction to date, suspension of contracts and destruction and disposal costs" must be weighed against environmental costs, risks, and benefits associated with each alternative. A rigorous exploration rnd objective evaluation of the environmental benefits, costs, and risks of each reasonable alternative should be attempted, particularly in view of the fact that for 10 of the 13 project components listed in Exhibit 6, construction began in 1970 following passage of the National Environ­ mental Policy Act. Response: As has already been stated, the project alternatives were considered and rejected because they were infeasible from an eco- nonic or engineering standpoint or because they failed to adequately meet the needs of the area. This is not to say that all environmental consid­ erations were disregarded. Substantial consideration and coordination on Fish and Wildlife, water quality, water supply, recreation and other areas was accomplished Pre-NEPA. It must also be considered that the project was authorized, construction initiated, and substantial sums of money committed (approximately $6,000,000 for construction^and $5,200,000 for real estate) prior to the enactment of NEPA. However if the project had been formulated under its guidelines, it is felt that it would not have been substantially altered from its present form. The other struc­ tural and non-structural measures considered would not adequately meet the authorized objectives, and other damsites evaluated for a multi­ purpose lake project would have had a greater environmental impact as well as being economically less efficient. Real Estate acquisition, sta.oed in 1965, has been added to Exhibit 6.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE

No comments received.

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, U. S. COAST GUARD

Comment 1: In light of the fact an EIS is now being processed by the Corps the road contract will not be authorized for Federal highway funding until such time the Corps has filed a final EIS. ’We will have to be notified by the Corps when the final is accepted.

Response: Your.office will be furnished a copy of the final EIS after its filing with CEQ is noted in the Federal Register.

Comment 2: If the Corps should abandon the project we will need to be notified so the State can follow our procedures to satisfy NEPA requirements.

Response: Concur.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE

Comment 1: Provision for control of offroad vehicles should be included in plans for maintenance after completion of the project.

Response: Concur, this matter will be addressed in the project Master Plan.

Comment 2 : Since emission of pollutants generally is greater when vehicles are idling or when intermittent slowing and acceleration, consideration of road and recreation design to eliminate "stop and go" traffic appears desirable.

Response: Attention has been given to the design of circulatory systems to manimial environmental desruption and traffic congestion. NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE

No ccements received.

U.S.D.A. SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

Comment 1 : Some of the information about Soil Conservation Service work plan for the East Fork of Whitewater River Watershed included in the environmental impact statement is incorrect.

Response: The correct information as provided by your office has been incorporated into the final EIS.

Comment 2: An incorrect conclusion has been drawn in the inter­ pretation of the plan (paragraph 7 of page 23). The last sentence of the paragraph states, "Recreation and flood control benefits would re­ sult, but as the expense of natural stream and riparian wildlife habitat". By changing the word "as" to "at", the sentence could be made grammatically correct; however, the sentence would still be technically incorrect. The mitigating measures will reduce unavoidable damage to the most practicable extend and the stream corridor development for public recreation included in the plan will enhance the natural stream and riparian -wildlife.

Response: The paragraph has been modified to clarify.

Comment 3: Additional assessment is needed on the impact of the project in relation to the loss of agricultural land. No mention is made of the present agricultural land use by type or amount.

Response: A breakdown of the previous land uses of project fee lands has been included in the Technical Appendices of the final EIS. It should be noted that conversion of this land from private to public vise and inundation of part of this land -will not result in a total loss of production on this land but a modification in the type of production.

Comment L\ Additional clarification needs to be included in the statement on the effect of the project on agricultural drainage. The statement does not indicate whether downstream drainage will be . affected by near bank full releases for a prolonged period. There is no indication that bridges and other water control structures will be located so that adjacent lands are not flooded or otherwise restricted in use. Response: Specific information concerning the effects the river stages have on drainage conditions on land adjacent to the river is not available. However, it has been the policy of this district to reduce bankfull releases if they cause damages downstream. All bridges arc designed to keep the swell head less than one foot for the design discharge. Other water control structures are designed to cause no damage to pro­ perty upstream. All water control structures are designed in accordance with State standards.

Comment 5: The statement does not address itself to the affect of the project on existing conservation systems such as terraces and surface and subsurface drainage. There should be an indication that such systems will be protected and kept functional.

Response: The above mentioned conservation systems are to provide trol and proper drainage for cultivated land. The lands which have been acquired in fee will be planted in grass, trees or al­ lowed to go fallow hence the need for structural conservation measures will no longer be necessary.

Comment 6 : The Whitewater Valley Conservancy District, which is responsible for carrying out works of improvement on the East Fork of Whitewater River Watershed project, is not included on your listing of groups from which comments have been requested.

Response: The Whitewater Valley Conservancy District has been sent a copy of the draft EIS.

Comment 7 : The Soil Conservation Service is incorrectly shown as an agency of the U. S. Department of Interior instead of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Response: This error has been corrected.

INDIANA STATE BUDGET AGENCY

No comments received. HISTORIC HOOSIER HILLS, RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Comment 1 ; Historic Hoosier Hills has been incorrectly listed as a Metropolitan Clearinghouse.

Response: V/e have corrected your listing in our records.

Comment 2: Our Woodland Resource Committee was concerned that only 60 days was given to remove the timber from within the reservoir area. This committee would like to see more time given in future projects so that this resource could be totally utilized.

Response: Concur. This is being done.

BROOKVILIE AREA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

Comment 1 : Wc would like to see as large an area as possible be set aside for a wildlife preserve.

Response: Lands which aie not in conflict with other authorized uses and which are suitable for fish and wildlife management purposes will be so designated.

Comment 2: We would also like to see the level of the lake main­ tained as stable as possible, flood period expected, and v/e note that the Corps has estimated the winter pool to be only 8 feet less than the sea­ sonal pool. We feel that this is an important factor to be considered in utilizing the lake to be a recreational facility.

Response: Concur

Comment 3: Seme concern was voiced in regard to the lake as a sediment trap, and we would request that upstream flood retardants be developed to prevent such sedimentation.

Response: This project has been designed to accept sediment loads for at least 100 years and still be a viable project. In addition, projects proposed upstream by the Soil Conservation Service would extend this time span. PALIADIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION, "THE PALLADIUM-ITEM"

Comment 1 ; Perhaps you have corrected the error on Page 19, third paragraph, mentioning treaty of "T. Wayne".

Response; Appropriate correction has been made.

Comment 2 : It also appears to us that the last paragraph on Page 34, is too skimpy in noting "heavy traffic and associated effects."

Response; Concur, statement revised accordingly.

Comment 3: We i/rould like to see more mention about how commercial projects, i.e. motels, service stations, eating places and marinas, will scar the land and change the environment. Where will they be located? Where will be the landfills and sewage disposal plants?

Response; Peripheral ccmmerical development will undoubtably occur at this project. However, controlling the location, type and quality of such development is the responsibility of local government. Cnly through sound land use planning and zoning will these adverse impacts be minimized.

Comment 4 : We would like to see more maps and rules about tin zoning for homes, cottages and other construction. Won't these affect the lake area?

Response; The public lands immediately adjacent to the lake are controlled by the Federal government and development in this area is severely restricted. However, lands close to the lake that are not in public ownership may be heavily and unwisely developed without proper land use planning and zoning. Uncontrolled development near a project of this size will surely have an effect on the lake area.

Comment 5: We would like to see maps and facts about the im­ provement of Indiana 44, west of Liberty in Union County. We would like to see more about roads that will be improved to handle the anti­ cipated nosh of boat trailers, campers, cycles and other recreational vehicles.

Response; Concur. Appropriate information has been provided in final statement.

Comment 6 ; This newspaper would like to know, for example, what plans have been developed to provide access to the east and west sides of the lake. Plans of county and state highway engineers will affect the environment of the area. What county roads will be made dust-free?

Response; Concur. Appropriate information has been provided in final statement. WHITEWATER VALLEY CONSERVANCY DISTRICT

Comment 1 : It is noted that the planned watershed protection project which is cosponsored by the Conservancy District is not pro­ perly described.

Response; Appropriate corrections have been made.

Comment 2 : Reference is made to the affect of agricultural run­ off on the quality of water in the Lake. This is recognised to be a serious problem by the Conservancy District and the Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Presently the only favorable influences avail­ able are through improved cultural practices and conservation practices which landowners will voluntarily install. The retention dams proposed in the watershed project will have a significant ability to catch soil and nutrient runoff before it reaches the lake. This will h a w a favorable effect. In order tc increase the application of conservation treatment on the watershed, money to cost share with landowners is badly needed. Effective control regulations to reduce fagrant land abuses which increase water pollution are not now available.

Response: Concur. The favorable effects of the watershed project on the lake have been recognized.

Comment 3: The lake is stated to serve as a sediment trap from the East Fork Watershed. The sediment to be carried into the lake will not all come from agricultural land. Materials washed from construction areas and streambank erosion are important sources of sediment.

Response; Potential new construction areas and bank erosion above the Brookville Lake are recognized as sources of sediment.

Comment A: Ihe cities and towns and certain areas around the lake are expected to rapidly develop.

Response; Concur, but the rate of this development is unknown and could probably be better controlled with proper planning and zoning.

Comment 5 : Die Conservancy District is concerned that means be found to control construction sediment. Effective methods of streambank erosion control are not well known and certainly not being used. Die tremendous cost of lakes such as Brookville should serve as reason.for the Army to became more interested in the protection of the watershed and consequent reduction in sediment disposition.

Response: Such means are being incorporated into future projects, and re-vegetation and other appropriate erosion controls are being applied. Comment 6 ; The rapid implementation of the East Fork of the Whitewater River Watershed Project is critically needed to protect the investment in the Brookville Lake. It is a vital part of water management in the Valley which must not be neglected if the lake is to reach its maximum usefulness and remain useful for a long period.

Response; Agree that it would be a valuable addition to the water plan.

Comment 7 : Adequate study of alternatives to the project may not have been made prior to the decision of the Congress to fund its construction.

Response; It is felt that all reasonable alternatives were adequately evaluated prior to submission of the proposed project to Congress. However, this project was authorized^designed and construction initiated prior to N.E.P.A.

Comment 8 : The Lake took a substantial amount of real estate from the counties involved. This in turn reduced the tax base and the project itself will create expensive problems which must be solved at the expense of local governments.

Response: Studies done on other lake projects indicate that the reduction in tax revenues from a decreased tax base is quickly made up ty appreciated land values and increases in the local economy induced by the project. Research Report No. 23, "The Effect of a Large Reservoir cn Local Government Revenue and Expenditures, "1969, U. S. Department of Interior, Contract No. 14-31-0001-3017, studied such effects on Lake Barkley, Barren River Lake and Green River Lake in Kentucky. Lands were acquired over a three to six year period. The results of this study generally supported the hypothesis that a gradual loss of rural acreage from the tax assessment rolls available to county governments and school districts, to a large multipurpose lake, does not increase the severity of the property tax in relation to the capacity of the taxpayers to pay the tax. Income received from land sales was often used to improve remaining property; school districts are buffered by a subsidy (PL 374 funds) granted to districts losing more than 10 percent of their tax base; a multipurpose lake attracts industry and recreation thus im­ proving the areas economic infrastructure.

Comment 9 : A smaller flood control lake properly supplemented by adequate upstream retention dams could have resulted in less total requirement for land resources form the drainage area 'above Brookville. Response: Yes, but other authorized project purposes are not as well served by such a plan as with the authorized plan. Also total storage is usually less with such a plan.

Comment 1 0 : It is recommended that a greater coordination of effort is needed between the Army Corps, local conservation districts, Soil Conservation Service, and local units of government in the planning of future flood control projects.

Response: No response required.

FRANKLIN COUNTY SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT

Comment 1: Page 5 and 6 - We do not find any reference to the 160 acres outside labatory for the Brookville school.

Response: The remaining portion of tract 409 was made available to Brookville High School for educational and recreational purposes by letter permit, .vhich expires 22 February 1974. After this date any ex­ tension of the lease will have to be negoiated with the State of Indiana.

Comment 2 : Page,29 - The sewerage treatment facility planned for the Lfounds recreation area cannot be drained into the lake under present state law.

Response: On 28 August 1973, the Corps of Engineers was given special permission by the Indiana stream pollution control board to operate the 56,000 gpd sewage treatment plant as planned thru April 1976.

Comment 3: Page 34 - The second paragraph, - this statement will cause trouble for the local Planning and Zonning Board.

Response: The completion of the Brookville project should serve as a stimulator for further flood plain zoning, regulations and continued comprehensive land use planning along downstream reaches.

Comment 4 : We will have apprixinately 100 percent protection for only a short distance. Uiis will reduce to about 30 percent when the East and West Fork comes together. This protection will be reduced rapidly downstream. A new high water mark need to be determined down­ stream.

Response: Concur. BIBLIOGRAPHY

U. S. Army Engineers District Louisville, Corps of Engineers, Design Memoranda Nos. 1-14, Brookville Reservoir, 1964-1972.

Amphibian and Reptiles of Indiana. Minton, S.A., Jr., Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis, 1972.

Aquatic Life Resources of the Ohio River. Shoemaker, H. H., Ohio River Valley Sanitation Dept., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1962.

Birds of the Louisville Region. Monroe, B.L., Jr., Unpublished annotated list. University of Louisville, Kentucky, 1973.

"Boundaries of Wayne County and Its Townships". Feeger, Luther M., Indiana Magazine of History. Vol. XXIV. 1928.

1970 Census of Population, Indiana. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.

1970 Census of Population, Housing Characteristics. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.

1970 Census of Population, Summary of General Characteristics. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.

Distribution of the Mammals of Indiana. Mumford, R.E., Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis, Indiana. 1969.

The Fishes of Wayne County. Shoemaker, H.H., Indiana Department of Conserva­ tion, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1942.

Floods on the Whitewater. Whitewater Publications, Inc., Brookville, Indiana. 1960.

Flora of Indiana. Deam, C.C., Wm. B. Buford Printing Co., Indianapolis, In­ diana. 1940. "Illinoian and Wisconsin Glaciation in the Whitewater basin, southeastern Indiana and adjacent areas." Goodwing, A. M. Journal of Geology, 71 (6).

Indiana^ Timber, Spencer, J.S., Jr. Forest Service Resources Bulletin NC-7. U.S.D.A., N. Cen. for Exp. Station. St. Paul. 1969.

Letter of July 1, 1969 from Shriver, Phillip R., et al., to District Engineer, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville, Kentucky.

"Migration to the Whitewater Valley, 1820-1830." Lawlis, Chelesea L. Indiana Magazine of History, Vol. XLIII, 1947.

Monitor Station Records. Indiana State Board of Health and Stream Pollution Control Board.

Mossess of Indiana. Welch, W. H., 1957. Bookwalter Co., Indianapolis.

National Weather Service records through 1966.

"Natural Areas in Indiana and their Preservation." Lindsey, A. A., D. V. Schmelz and S. A. Nichols. American Midland Naturalist. Notre Dame.

Personal Communication with James B. Cope.

Potential Natural Vegetation of the Conterminous United States. (Manual). American Geographical Society. Special Publication #36, New York. Kuchler, A. W., 1964.

Recreation Study and Report. Whitewater Valley Conservancy District, Midwestern Engineers, Inc., Loogootee, Indiana, 1970.

"Settlement of Whitewater Valley, 1790-1810." Lawlis, Chelesea L., Indiana Magazine of History. Vol. XLIII, 1947.

Trees of Indiana. Deam, C. C. and T. E. Shaw, 1953. Bookwalter Company, Indianapolis. TECHNICAL APPENDIX

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

BROOKVILLE LAKE PROJECT EASTFORK WHITEWATER RIVER INDIANA

PREPARED BY: U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT/ LOUISVILL LOUISVILLE/ KENTUCKY

FEBRUARY 1974 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT BROOKVILLE LAKE PROJECT EAST FORK WHITEWATER RIVER, INDIANA

TECHNICAL APPENDIX

TABLE OF EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT ______TITLE ______PAGE

1 Location of Brookville Lake project, Indiana A-l

2 Summary of project characteristics, Brookville Lake A-2

3 Map of Brookville Lake area identifying important A-4 project elements.

4 Project costs and benefits, Brookville lake A-5

5 Recreational development, Brookville Lake A-6

6 Project status, Brookville lake. Major construction A-8 work completed or in progress by U.S. Government.

7 Example of environmental protection section of A-10 construction contracts.

8 Indiana State Department of Natural Resources: general A-15 plan of operation and maintenance, Brookville Lake.

9 Indiana State Department of Natural Resources: A-18 recreational plan of operation and management, Brookville Lake.

10 Indiana State Department of Natural Resources: fish A-24 and wildlife management plan, Brookville Lake.

11 List of courses offered by Miami University and Earlham A-27 College that would profit from the field facilities as requested in the text of this letter.

12 Environmental units, Brookville Lake area. A-28

13 Temperature and precipitation data, Rushville, Indiana. A-30

14 Lithologic column, Brookville Lake dam site. A-31

15 Distribution of unconsolidated surface materials, Brookville Lake area, Indiana. (Modified from 1° X 2° geologic map A-33 Cincinnati Sheet).

16 Order of succession and classification of Illinoian, A-34 Sangoman, and Wisconsin units in the Whitewater basin, southeastern Indiana. EXHIBIT ______TITLE ______PAGE

17 Water quality data, East Fork Whitewater River, A-35 Abington, Indiana. Based on U.S. Geological Survey Samples 8/5/69 to 2/8/73.

18 Water quality data, East Fork Whitewater River near A-36 Brookville dam site. Based on Corps of Engineers’ data 4/3/72 to 4/18/73.

19 Water quality data, East Fork Whitewater River at A-37 State Highway 44 crossing. Based on Corps of Engineers' data 4/3/72 to 4/18/73.

20 Water quality data, Silver Creek above Dunlapsville. A-38 Based on Corps of Engineers' data 4/3/72 to 4/18/73.

21 Water quality data, Whitewater River, Brookville, A-39 Indiana.

22 Indiana Water Quality Standards. A-54

23 Water quality criteria of the National Technical A-59 Advisory Committee of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (now part of EPA).

24 Policy for water and sewage standards for reservoir A-61 areas in Indiana.

25 Characteristic species of the two major forest types A-62 found in the Brookville Lake area.

26 Plants potentially occurring in the Brookville Lake area. A-63

27 Mammals potentially occurring in the Brookville Lake area. A-93

28 Potential list of birds species occurring in the Brookville Lake project area. A-95

29 Reptiles and amphibians potentially occurring in the A-104 Brookville Lake area.

30 Fishes potentially occurring in the Brookville Lake area. A-108

31 Settlement of Whitewater Valley, 1790-1810. (Source: A-lll Indiana Magazine of History.)

32 Census of agriculture - acreage in farm land. A-112

33 Population and urban/rural land areas: 1970 and 1960. A-113 EXHIBIT______TITLE______PAGE

34 Market value of all agricultural products sold by A-114 counties.

35 A list of agricultural commodities from the Brookville A-115 Lake area.

36 Acres harvested and production of major agricultural A-116 commodities in the Brookville Lake area.

37 Census of livestock and poultry, March, 1970. A-117

38 Volume of saw timber by species or group and county. A-118

39 Net volume of growing stock by species or group and A-119 county.

40 Selected social characterisitcs: 1970 Census. A-120

41 Selected social stability characteristics: 1970 Census. A-121

42 Selected housing characteristics: 1970 Census. A-122

43 Educational characteristics: 1970 Census. A-123

44 Selected economic characteristics: 1970 Census. A-124

45 Employment by industrial categories. A-125

46 Income and poverty status in 1969. A-128

47 Summary of Coordination Efforts A-129

Letters of Other Agencies A-143

______SUMMARY OF PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS, BROOKVILLE LAKE.______

A. Reservoir Pools

Elevation Area Storage Storage (ft.msl) (ac.) (ac./ft.) (in./runoff)

Sediment storage 692 1,130 20,100 0.99

Minimum pool 713 2,250 55,600 2.75

Water supply pool 740 4,510 144,900 7.17

Seasonal pool 748 5,260 184,900 9.10

Flood control pool 775 7,790 359,600 17.79

Allocated to water supply 713-740 -- 89,250 4.42

Allocated to flood storage 740-775 -- 214,700 10.62

Allocated to sea­ sonal flow reg­ ulation 740-748 — 39,100 1.93

B. Dam

Embankment: Earth fill, top elevation 807 ft. msl; 2,900 ft. long, maximum 179 ft. high, top width 30 feet.

Spillway: Open cut through right abutment ridge; crest elevation 775 feet; crest width, 70 feet.

Outlet works: Circular concrete conduit, 12 feet in diameter, with control tower; 2 service gates (5.25 X 12 feet) and 2 emergency gates (5.25 X 12 feet); invert elevation at 630 feet. C. Other

Land Acquisition: 17,025 acres in fee; 375 acres of easement. (land taken within five foot vertical or 300 foot horizontal distance of flood pool; greater where needed).

Relocations: 8.8 miles, Indiana, #101; 0.1 miles, Indiana, #44; County roads - Franklin County, 1 road, Union County, 6 roads; 2 pipelines; 4 utility transmission lines; 1 municipal water supply well; local telephone and utility lines; 1 school; about 1,000 graves.

Resettlements: 225 family units (not including 30 summer cabins).

Reservoir Clearing: 1,370 acres; 190 homesites; 1 school; 3 churches; bridges, utilities and other structures.

LAND USE DATA

Land Classification Acres Special purpose sites 33 Commercial sites 10 Homesites 142 Farm Building sites 226 Good cultivable land 2,253 Fair cultivable land 4,685 Cleared pasture land 2,230 Wooded pasture land 1,800 Woodland 5,066 (Other Land) 580

TOTAL 17,025

PROJECT COSTS AND BENEFITS, BROOKVILLE LAKE.______

A. Estimate of total project cost (1972)

Lands and damages $ 6,447,000 Relocations 11,760,000 Reservoir and pool preparation 1,696,000 Dam and appurtenances 11,297,000 Initial recreation facilities 5,448,000 Future recreation facilities 13,038,000 Buildings, grounds and utilities 370,000 Permanent operating equipment 123,000 Engineering and design 2,196,000 Supervision and administration 2,245,000 Other 336,000

Total $54,956,000

($2,692,000 per year).

B. Annual benefits

Flood control $ 1,525,000 Water supply 602,000 General recreation 1,671,000 Fish and wildlife 78,000

Total $ 3,876,000

C. Benefit-cost ratio

3% 5-5/8% Item (1 ,000) (1 ,000) (i!ooo)

Flood control 1,525 1,230 1,150 Water supply 602 1,093 1,376 General recreation 1,671 1,320 1,253 Fish & wildlife 78 78 78

Total benefits 3,876 3,721 3,857 Annual charges 2,692 3,886 4,538 B/C ratio 1.4/1 .96/1 0.85/1 RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, BROOKVILLE LAKE. A. Expected Visitation.

Initial: 465,000 per year; design load - 13,844/day.

Ultimate: 1,270,000 per year; design load - 70,217/day.

B. Facilities.

SITE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT* FINAL DEVELOPMENT*

Dam Visitor Center; walks, trails, etc.

Tailwater fishing area Picnic facilities. Minor expansion.

Bonwell Hill Boat ramps and dock, marina, over­ Minor expansion. look.

East Shore Sceinic Drive Vistas and overlooks; foot trails; Major expansion. picnic facilities.

Battle Point None. Picnic shelter, camping facilities, foottrails, rest­ aurant, swimming pool, boat ramps and docks, over­ looks.

Mounds Boat ramps, and docks, beach, camp­ Expansion of boat, ing and picnic facilities. beach, camping and picnic areas; group camp, cabins (re­ sort) , golf course, interpretive center, lodge and motel, riding concession, airstrip, marina. SITE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT* FINAL DEVELOPMENT*

Fairfield Boat ramps, docks. Picnic shelters, beach, arena.

Dubois None. Boat ramps and docks picnic shelters, camping, group camp­ ing, infirmary, beach, foot trails.

Quakertown Boat ramps and docks. Expansion of boating cabins (resort), picnic and camping facilities, restau­ rant, beach, foot trails, marina.

State Park None. Boat ramps and dock, picnic and camping facilities, group camping, beach and foot trails, over­ looks.

Fishermen's access sites Boat ramps and docks. Minor expansion, except Site C where picnic facilities, foot trails, and sailboat marina will be developed.

♦All sites will have various development for access roads, parking, sanitary facilities, utilities (electricity, water supply), signs, landscaping and so forth. Beaches will have a change house, diving towers, and other facilities. PROJECT STATUS, BROOKVILLE LAKE. MAJOR CONSTRUCTION OR ACQUISITION WORK COMPLETED OR IN PROGRESS BY U.S. GOVERNMENT.

1. General Description of Project Components, Costs and Completion Dates. As of l Dec 73.

DESCRIPTION COST START CONSTRUCTION COMPLETED

Outlet works $ 1 ,894,000 17 Nov. 1965 19 Jan. 1968

Dam and spillway 9 ,335,000E 16 Apr. 1970 14 Dec. 1973E

Clearing 874.000E 20 Jul. 1973 16 Dec. 1973E

Relocate Hwy. 101 2,404,000 8 Aug. 1967 30 Oct. 1970

Miscellaneous clearing 40,300 29 Aug. 1970 27 Oct. 1970

Relocate Franklin Co. road 3,603,000 7 Nov. 1970 27 Oct. 1972

Relocate 13 cemeteries 219,000 5 Dec. 1970 13 Oct. 1971

Access roads, ramps & beaches 2,267,000E 27 Nov. 1972 20 Jul. 1974E

Relocate Union Rds.U-l,2,& 8 2,027,000E 14 Jul. 1973 6 Oct. 1974E

Public access buildings & utils. 923.000E 14 Jul. 1973 9 May, 1974E

Overlook 138,000E Oct. 1971 Dec. 1974E

Relocate Union Rds.U-3, 5&7 1 .398.000E Oct. 1973 Dec. 1974E

Miscellaneous relocations 1 ,858,000E Nov. 1965 Dec. 1974E

Real Estate Purchase Summer 1965 Essentially ------Complete E=Estimated TOTAL $26,980,300 2. Specific Status of Utility and Road Reloca- tions as of 17 September, 1973.______

DESCRIPTION LENGTH % COMPLETE EST. COMPLETION DATE

Fayette-Union REMC Dist. transmission 5.77 mi. 90 1 Jan. 1975 lines

Gulf Refining Company 3.2 mi. 100 8" pipe line

Indiana/Michigan Elec. Co* 4.73 mi. 75 1 Dec. 1973 345 KV line DESCRIPTION LENGTH % COMPLETE EST. COMPLETION DATE

General Telephone 1.11 mi. 100 transmission lines

Public Service Co. of Indiana/district and 5 mi. 50 1 Jul. 1974 transmission lines

Liberty Water Works protection water sup­ 0 1 Jan. 1975 ply facility

Franklin County Roads 3.99 mi. 100

Union County Roads 4.36 mi. 10 1 Jan. 1975

State Highways 9.84 mi. 51 1 Jan. 1975 EXAMPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SECTION OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS.

(2) Meet with representatives of the Contracting Officer to de­ velop mutual understandings relative to compliance with this provision and administration of the environmental pollution control program.

"1-6. PROTECTION OF LAND RESOURCES.

"1-6.1 General. It is intended that the land resources within the project boundaries and outside the limits of permanent work performed under this contract be preserved in their present condition or be restored .to a condition after completion of construction that will appear to be natural and not detract from the appearance of the project. Insofar as possible, the Contractor shall confine his construction activities to areas defined by the plans or specifications, and borrow areas indicated on the plans. The following additional requirements are intended to supplement the re­ quirements of General Provisions Articles 42, 43 and 47.

"1-6.2 Prevention of Landscape Defacement. Except in areas required to be cleared, the Contractor shall not deface, injure, or destroy trees or shrubs, nor remove or cut them without special authority. No ropes, cables, or guys shall be fastened to or attached to any existing nearby trees for anchorages unless specifically authorized by the Contracting Officer. Where such special emergency use is permitted, the Contractor shall first adequately wrap the trunk with a sufficient thickness of burlap or rags over which softwood cleats shall be tied before any rope, cable, or wire is placed. The Contractor shall in any event be responsi­ ble for any damage resulting from such use. Where, in the opinion of the Contracting Officer, trees may possibly be defaced, bruised, injured, or otherwise damaged by the Contractor's equipment or by his blasting, dump­ ing, or other operations, he may direct the Contractor to protect ade­ quately such trees by placing boards, planks, or poles around them. When earthwork operations are liable, in the opinion of the Contracting Officer, to cause rock to roll or otherwise be displaced into uncleared areas, the Contractor shall construct barriers of heavy planking to protect the trees. Rocks that are displaced into uncleared areas shall be removed. Monuments and markers shall be protected similarly before beginning op­ erations near them.

"1-6.3 Restoration of Landscape Damage. Any trees or other landscape feature scarred or damaged by the Contractor's equipment or operations shall be restored to its original condition at the Contractor's expense. The Contracting Officer will determine what method of restoration shall be used, and whether damaged trees shall be treated and healed or re­ moved and disposed of under requirements for clearing and grubbing. All "1-1. GENERAL. The work covered by this section consists of furnish­ ing all labor, materials and equipment and performing all work required for the prevention of environmental pollution during and as the result of construction operations under this contract except for those measures set forth in other sections of these specifications. For the purpose of this specification environmental pollution is defined as the presence of chem­ ical, physical or biological elements or agents which adversely affect human health or welfare; unfavorably alter ecological balances of impor­ tance to human life; affect other species of importance to man; or degrade the utility of the environment for aesthetic and recreational purposes. The control of environmental pollution requires consideration of air, water, and land, and involves noise, solid waste-management and manage­ ment of radiant energy and radioactive materials, as well as other pol­ lutants.

"1-2. APPLICABLE REGULATIONS. In order to prevent, and to provide for abatement and control of, any environmental pollution arising from the construction activities in the performance of this contract, the Con­ tractor shall comply with all applicable Federal, State, and local laws and regulations concerning environmental pollution control and abatement, and all applicable provisions of the Corps of Engineers Manual EM 385-1-1 and Change 1, entitled "General Safety Requirements" as well as the specific requirements stated elsewhere in the contract specification.

"1-3. NOTIFICATION. The Contracting Officer will notify the Contrac­ tor in writing of any non-compliance with the foregoing provisions and the action to be taken. The Contractor shall, after receipt of such notice, immediately take corrective action. Such notice, when delivered to the Contractor or his authorized representative at the site of the work, shall be deemed sufficient for the purpose. If the Contractor fails or refuses to comply promptly, the Contracting Officer may issue an order stopping all or part of the work until satisfactory corrective action has been taken. No part of the time lost due to any such stop orders shall be made the subject of a claim for extension of time or for excess costs or damages by the Contractor.

"1-4. SUBCONTRACTORS. Compliance with the provisions of this section by subcontractors will be the responsibility of the Contractor.

"1-5. IMPLEMENTATION. Prior to commencement of the work the Contractor will:

(1) Submit in writing his proposals for implementing this section for environmental pollution control. scars made on trees (not designated to be removed) by equipment, construc­ tion operators, or by the removal of limbs larger than 1-inch in diameter shall be coated as soon as possible with an approved tree wound dressing. All trimmirg or pruning shall be performed in an approved manner by ex­ perienced workmen with saws or pruning shears. Tree trimning with axes will not be permitted.

"1-6.4 Location of Storage Facilities. The location on Government property of the Contractor's storage, and other construction buildings, required temporarily in the performance of the work, shall be upon cleared portions of the job site or areas to be cleared, and shall require written approval of the Contracting Officer. The preservation of the landscape shall be an imperative consideration in the selection of all sites and in the construction of buildings. Plans showing storage facilities shall be submitted for approval of the Contracting Officer. Where buildings or platforms are constructed on sidehills, the Contracting Officer may require cribbing to be used to obtain level foundations. Benching or leveling of earth may not be allowed, depending on the location of the proposed facility.

"1-6.5 Post-Construction Cleanup or Obliteration. The Contractor shall obliterate all signs of temporary construction facilities such as haul roads, work areas, or any other vestiges of construction as directed. It is anticipated that excavation, filling and degrading of roadways will be required to restore the area to near natural conditions which will permit the growth of vegetation thereon. Thy disturbed areas shall be graded and filled as required, and the entire area seeded. Restoration to original contours is not required.

"1-7. RECORDING AND PRESERVING HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS. All items having any apparent historical or archaeological interest which are discovered in the course of any construction activities shall be carefully preserved. The Contractor shall leave the archaeological find undisturbed and shall immediately report the find to the Contract­ ing Officer so that the proper authorities may be notified.

"1-8. PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES.

"1-8.1 General. The Contractor shall not pollute streams, lakes or reservoirs with fuels, oils, bitumens, calcium chloride, acids, or harm­ ful materials. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to investigate and comply with all applicable Federal, State, County and Municipal laws concerning pollution of rivers and streams. All work under this contract shall be performed in such a manner that objectionable conditions will not be created in streams through or adjacent to the project areas. "1-8.2 Erosion Control. Prior to any construction the Contractor shall submit a plan for approval of the Contracting Officer showing his scheme for controlling erosion and disposing of wastes. Surface drain­ age from cuts and fills within the construction limits, whether or not completed, and from borrow and waste disposal areas, shall, if turbidity producing materials are present, be held in suitable sedimentation ponds or shall be graded to control erosion within acceptable limits. Temporary erosion and sediment control measures such as berms, dikes, drains, or sedimentation basins, if required to meet the above standards, shall be provided and maintained until permanent drainage and erosion control facilities are completed and operative. The area of bare soil exposed at any one time by construction operations should be held to a minimum. Stream crossings by fording with equipment shall be limited to control turbidity and in areas of frequent crossings temporary culverts or bridge structures shall be installed. Any temporary culverts or bridge struc­ tures shall be removed upon completion of the project. Fills and waste areas shall be constructed by selective placement to eliminate silts or clays on the surface that will erode and contaminate adjacent streams. The cost of work in connection with control of stream turbidity shall be considered as incidental to and included in the contract prices for the work performed under this contract.

"1-8.3 Spillages. At all times of the year, special measures shall be taken to prevent chemicals, fuels, oils, greases, bituminous mate­ rials, waste washings, herbicides and insecticides, and cement and sur­ face drainage from entering public waters.

"1-8.4 Disposal of any materials, wastes, effluents, trash, garbage, oil, grease and chemicals in areas adjacent to streams shall be subject to the approval of the Contracting Officer for reasons similar to those stated above. If any waste material is dumped in unauthorized areas the Contractor shall remove the material and restore the area to the condition of the adjacent undisturbed area. If necessary, contaminated ground shall be excavated, disposed of as directed by the Contracting Officer, and replaced with suitable fill material, compacted and fin­ ished with topsoil all at the expense of the Contractor.

"1-9. BURNING. Open burning shall be subject to current regulations of Indiana Air Pollution Control Board and local health authorities. Burning shall be in accordance with the requirements thereof and the following if burned within the rights-of-way shown on the contract drawings. Material may be burned within the contract area, and at any time within the contract period, provided such burning does not cause the above standards to be exceeded or does not interfere with inhabitants of the area by drastic changes in their accustomed en­ vironment, such as the danger of fire. However, the specific time, location and manner of burning shall be subject to the approval of the Contracting Officer from the viewpoints of air pollution, governing fire and air pollution laws and safety. In the interest of conservation, the Contractor may, should he desire to do so, make available to the general public without charge, the material scheduled for burning. No burning operations shall be conducted within 100 feet of any standing timber or flammable growth. The Contractor will be responsible for any damage to life and/or property resulting from fires that are started by his em­ ployees or as a result of his operations. The Contractor shall furnish at the site adequate fire fighting equipment, such as tank trucks, back tanks, flaps, shovels, rakes, etc., to property equip his personnel for fighting fires. Fires shall be guarded at all times and shall be under constant surveillance until they have been extinguished. All burning shall be so thorough that the materials will be reduced to ashes, except that occasional charred pieces of logs or branches not exceeding 4 inches in diameter and/or 8 feet in length will be permitted to remain. Upon approval by the Contracting Officer, charred material will be buried af­ ter it is determined that it could not be disposed of by methods used in the normal burning operation. All material disposed of in such manner shall be at locations approved by the Contracting Officer and shall be covered with a minimum of 18 inches of earth.

"1-10. MAINTENANCE OF POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES DURINGCONSTRUC- TION. During the life of this contract the Contractor shall maintain all facilities constructed for pollution control under this contract as long as the operations creating the particular pollutant are being car­ ried out or until the material concerned has become stabilized to the extent that pollution is no longer being created.

"1-11. PAYMENT. No separate payment will be made for the work covered under this section of the specifications, and all costs in connection therewith shall be included in the applicable contract price for the item to which the work pertains. INDIANA STATE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES: GENERAL PLAN OF nPF.M TTDN AND MATNTFNANCF, WROOKVTTI E LAKE... ■ ---

The Reservoir Manager will be in overall charge of activity at the reservoir. Through his direction, Brookville Lake personnel will operate, maintain and administer government land leased to the State of Indiana as prescribed by the Director, Division of Reservoir Management. Primary management goals of the Department of Natural Resources, Division of Res­ ervoir Management include:

GOAL OF THE DIVISION: To manage and develop reservoir properties for quality outdoor recreational activities that are compatible with the environment.

FUNCTIONS OF THE DIVISION:

A. To protect the land and water areas of the reservoirs and to enhance the environment.

B. To provide quality outdoor recreation facilities and activities that compliment the natural features of division areas in accordance with provisions of each property master plan.

C. To provide efficient, courteous service to the general public.

D. To provide for effective administration of the division.

E. To cooperate with other divisions, departments, and government agencies.

REFORESTATION: Reforestation of selected areas will be carried out on an annual basis. It is anticipated that approximately 100,000 pine and hardwoods will be planted during the next five years on the Brookville Reservoir. The technique of planting will be varied depending on the pur­ pose of the planting.

In certain areas, boundary strips of pine and hardwood will be planted as a buffer to outside influences, and to separate special use areas. In areas designated for future recreation use, plantations of small size may be established to provide cover and shade for camping and picnic areas. During the first few years, these small plantations may provide cover for certain types of wildlife. As these plantings grow, the types of wildlife receiving benefits will change, but the aesthetic value for recreation will be enhanced.

Eroded areas will be planted to trees and other types of cover crops to prevent further erosion. Waterway banks and field corners may also be planted. Activities may be zoned by the use of strip plantings in some areas.

FIRE: Fire suppression will be a high priority activity on the reservoir project. All personnel will assist in this duty, regardless of their individually assigned areas of responsibility. Fire training sessions and fire action plans will De developed by the Reservoir Manager and members of the Indiana Division of Forestry. During times of high fire danger, Natural Resources vehicles will be converted to auxiliary fire trucks by adding water pumps and tanks, and assorted hand tools. An effort will be made to equip all vehicles used for fire suppression with radios, so that they may be dispatched to fires from the State Reservoir Headquarters.

INDIANA STATE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES: RECREATIONAL PLAN OF OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT, BROOKVILLE LAKE.

The Indiana Department of Natural Resources will operate and maintain six state recreation areas on the Brookville Reservoir. A meeting was held on February 5, 1970 in the Extension Office at the Liberty, Indiana, Post Office for the purpose of reviewing the names presently assigned to the ac­ cess sites on the Brookville Reservoir. Individuals who participated includ­ ed:

Mrs. Floyd Howard, Coordinator, Union County Historical Society Mrs. Clyde Kassens, Treaty Line Museum Mrs. Ruby Moore, Union County Historical Society Mr. Marsh A. Pouder, Union County Historical Society Mr. Phillip R. Smith, Reservoir Manager, Department of Natural Resources

On February 12, 1970 the Franklin County Historical Society held a meet­ ing to review the names of access sites in Franklin County. The meeting was called by Mr. Virgil Davis, President of the Franklin County Historical Soc­ iety.

The following reco-rmendations were made by these committees:

BROOKVILLE RESERVOIR

Site 1 . Tailwater. Changed to "The Amos W. Butler Fishing Site".

Site 2 . Battlepoint. Recommended that this name should not be changed. Therefore, it should be called "Battlepoint State Recreation Area."

Site 3. The Mounds. Recommended that this name should not be changed. Therefore, it should be called "The Mounds State Recreation Area".

Site 4 . Dubois. Recommended that this name be changed to "Temple­ ton State Recreation Area". Current name of Dubois orig­ inated from a creek whereas the Templetons were the first known white settlers in this particular area of the reser­ voir.

Site 5. Quakertown. Recommended that this name be changed to "Dunlapsville State Recreation Area", as Quakertown was relatively unknown. However, if it is not possible to use Dunlapsville, then Quakertown is the most appropriate and will be accepted.

Site 6. State Park - Future. Recommended that this name be changed to "Whitewater State Recreation Area", as it adjoins Whitewater State Park. Site 7 . Fishermen Access Sites A, B, C, D, E. No names were recommended for these sites.

These recommendations have been approved by the Division of Reservoir Management, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, and have been submitted to the Indiana Board of Geographic Names for approval.

SITE 1 TAILWATER FISHING SITE

The Tailwater Fishing Site is located directly south of the Brook- ville Dam, between the dam and State Highway 101. This site will be ini­ tially developed for fishing only. Initial development should include a modern comfort station and one water distribution outlet. Because this area is small and is surrounded by lands designated as OPERATIONAL AREAS to be re­ tained by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, management of this area should be left under the control of Corps of Engineers personnel.

SITE 2 BATTLEPOINT STATE RECREATION AREA

The Battlepoint Area will not be developed initially. It is unlikely that any major development will be accomplished during the next five years. The area will be open for day use activities including fishing, hiking, and nature study. Some primitive camping may be permitted. Maintenance and opera­ tion of this site will be accomplished by personnel assigned to the work crew stationed at Site 3 (Mounds State Recreation Area).

SITE 3 MOUNDS STATE RECREATION AREA

Initially, this site will be the most intensively developed recrea­ tion area on the Brookville Reservoir. Activities for which facilities may be provided include swimming, boat launching, fishing, picnicking, primitive and modern camping, hiking, and nature study. Initial permanent personnel will in­ clude: 1 Property Manager, 1 Assistant Property Manager, 1 Foreman, 1 Clerk, 1 Park Maintenance Technician, and 1 Laborer. Seasonal personnel will include 6 campground attendants, 6 boat dock attendants, 16 life guards, 6 gatemen, 16 laborers, and 12 ramp attendants.

Personnel headquartered at this site will have the initial responsibility for managing all recreational activities on all but the Tailwater Fishing Site on the reservoir. Anticipated facilities include a lodge, restaurant, and marina. It is expected that the State will advertise for a prospective concession­ aire to develop these facilities before 1976.

SITE 3A FAIRFIELD FISHING SITE

In the initial stages, this site will be developed for day use ac­ tivities. These will include boat launching, fishing, picnicking, hiking and nature study. It is anticipated that, within the next five years the State will advertise for prospective concessionaires to develop a sailboat marina in this area. Personnel from Site 3 will maintain this area.

SITE 4 DUBOIS STATE RECREATION AREA

This site will not be developed initially. It will be open to day use activities including fishing, hiking, and nature study. The area will be maintained and operated by personnel headquartered at Site 3 (Mounds S.R.A.).

SITE 5 QUAKERTOWN STATE RECREATION AREA

Initial facilities to be provided at this area include a boat launching ramp, parking lots, access roads, and vault-type comfort sta­ tions. During the next five years, it is anticipated that the State will develop facilities for modern and primitive camping, picnicking, fishing, and boat mooring. A State service and maintenance complex should also be completed at this area within the next five years. Initially, the area will be maintained and operated by personnel assigned to Site 3 (Mounds S.R.A.). After the service complex is completed, permanent personnel will be assigned to this site, and will include: 1 Foreman and 1 Laborer. Seasonal personnel will include 6 campground attendants, 6 boat dock attendants, and 8 laborers.

SITE 6 STATE PARK - FUTURE

No initial development is planned in this area. During the next five years, the State plans to provide facilities for boat launching, park­ ing, picnicking, and fishing. There is a possibility that some boat dock­ ing or mooring facilities may also be provided. When the area is developed, it will be maintained and operated by State personnel assigned to Whitewater State Park. SITES A, B, C, D, E - FISHERMEN ACCESS

Development of boat launching facilities and parking lots is scheduled for all of these areas under the initial development plan. They will be maintained and operated by State personnel assigned to Site 3 (Mounds S.R.A.) and Site 5 (Quakertown S.R.A.). A demand for additional parking_ spaces is anticipated at some of these fishermen access sites which receive heavy use. When this demand occurs, it is anticipated that the State will provide additional parking lots.

OPERATIONAL FINANCES

Proposed expenditures for operations and maintenance for the var­ ious sites are as follows:

SITE 74-75 75-76 76-77 77-78 78-79

1 0 0 0 0 0 2 5,000 5,500 6,000 7,000 8,000 3 85,000 100,000 130,000 165,000 180,000 4 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000 5 20,000 20,000 25,000 50,000 80,000 6 5,000 5,000 5,500 6,000 7,500 A,B,C,D,E 10,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 133,000 149,000 190,500 257,500 310,500

Proposed Total Expenditures $1 ,040,500

EXPECTED SOURCE OF FUNDS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

The funds to be used for the operation and maintenance of the 6 recreation areas, to be administered by the Department of Natural Resources, will be derived from authorized fees and charges at the reservoir, and from appropriations by the General Assembly. The Standard Fee Schedule is includ­ ed in this application at the end of Exhibit A-IV.

FOOD CONCESSIONS

The applicant will arrange for the dispensing of food and soft drinks. This is the practice on other State Recreation Areas and State Parks administered by the Department of Natural Resources. The facility is operated by a private concessionaire who furnishes a performance bond providing for satisfactory operation. All accounts are audited by State employed auditors, and the products sold and prices are approved by the Department of Natural Re­ sources. The applicant guarantees performance by and/or will be responsible to the Government for such concessionaires.

Authority for operating food concessions is authorized in excerpts quoted in the "Certificate of Legislative Authority" attached hereto.

OTHER CONCESSIONS

Indiana Code 1971, 14-3-8, as amended, authorizes the Department of Natural Resources to enter into long term concession agreements with private organizations. In effect, this legislative authority enables private enter­ prise to construct and manage lodges, restaurants and marinas on a long term basis at all of the reservoirs in Indiana. By this arrangement, many faci­ lities that the state would not be able to provide will become available through private capital. These concession leases would continue to be supervised by Natural Resources personnel to ensure that the goals and objectives of the overall reservoir program were being complied with completely.

RESERVOIR ZONING

For the purpose of regulation, Brookville Reservoir is divided into the following zones:

Zone 1 Unlimited Speed Zone One is a controlled area where water­ craft activities are under special control. This area is described as all that part of the reservoir 300 feet from the dam upstream to the East-West Section line separating Sections 4 and 9, Township 10 North, Range 2 West, located in Union County, Indiana.

Zone 2 Idling Speed Zone Two is a controlled area where watercraft operations and watercraft activities are under special control. In this area, watercraft may travel only at idling speed with no wake or wash. This area is described as all that part of the reservoir upstream from the east-west Section line separating Sections 4 and 9, Township 10 North, Range 2 west, located in Union County, Indiana.

During the period from October 1 until April 15 inclusive, no water­ craft shall be permitted in the following described area except at times, desig­ nated by the department during the State waterfowl season. At said times, this area will be open only to watercraft being operated by persons in the act of waterfowl hunting who have in their possession a valid permit entitling them to enter the following described area:

A. Waterfowl Resting Area

This area shall extend from the Dunlapsville Causeway to the upper extremities of the reservoir. Watercraft Regulation No. 2 of the Enforcement Division of the Depart­ ment of Natural Resources, together with any amendments hereafter made there­ to shall be in full force and effect upon said waters and shall regulate watercraft operation and activities thereon.

The said Watercraft Regulation No. 2, of the Enforcement Division of the Department of Natural Resources, together with any amendments hereafter made thereto, is incorporated in its entirety in this regulation. INDIANA STATE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES: FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PLAN, BROOKVILLE LAKE. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

The Brookville Reservoir is part of a U. S. Army Corps of Engineers flood control project. The Corps of Engineers will maintain the dam and control the water level of the reservoir. The land and water, except that adjacent to the dam, will be managed by the State of Indiana, Department of Natural Resources, under lease from the Corps of Engineers.

Part of the land will be open to hunting and fishing, in season, and to other forms of recreation which do not require special development or facili­ ties. These include hiking, bird watching, nature study, berry picking, mush­ room hunting, nut gathering, and sight seeing.

Boundaries between private land and hunting areas, and between recreation sites and hunting areas will be clearly marked. Parking sites for land open to hunting will be established and clearly marked.

Within the established boundaries, upland management will be directed to­ ward increasing wildlife populations, thus improving hunting for rabbits, squirrels, quail, raccoon, deer, and ruffed grouse. Generally, land that has been used for crops or pasture has lain fallow and will be managed for cotton­ tail rabbits and bobwhite quail while wooded tracts will be managed for fox and grey squirrels and white-tailed deer.

Much of these former croplands, pastures, and fallow fields will be bro­ ken up by rows of shrubs and trees into strips and farmed in accordance with land use capabilities. Crops will include corn, soybeans, small grain and hay crops, in a four year rotation. Adjacent farmed fields will be in different crops to provide diversity of food and cover. In many instances, field boun­ daries will follow the contour of the land. Much of the farming will be done on a tenant farming basis. The State's share of the crops produced from the crop-leasing practice will seldom be harvested, but will be allowed to stand in the field to provide food and cover for wildlife. In some instances, parts of the State's share will be harvested, and will be used as food for wildlife under extremely adverse conditions. The State will not sell any of its portion of price supported crops, but tenant farmers may continue to harvest and sell their share of price supported crops.

In some heavily wooded areas, selective cutting will be done to open small areas so that small grassy areas surrounded by shrubs and other annuals exist within the woods. Where cutting is done mast and den trees will be left uncut. In some areas, borders of woods will be planted or maintained in shrubs such as autumn olive or existing native species.

Land subject to occasional flooding will be managed as other uplands. How­ ever, land which will be flooded for a part of nearly every year, but which will be dry early enough tc permit maturing of some grains, will be planted to rapidly maturing grain crops suitable for waterfowl food whenever the sea­ son permits. This will not be harvested. This should make grain available for waterfowl in these areas during most falls, with some residue remaining in the water during spring flooding. The extent of such areas has not yet been determined.

Shallow water areas which will be flooded for a large part but not all, of each year, will be left to whatever vegetation established itself natur­ ally, except in areas where this vegetation proves undesirable. In these in­ stances, controls will be undertaken, end an effort made to change the vege­ tation to a more desirable species.

Many of the embayments along the edges of the reservoir have been zoned for boats at idling speed only, and will be fishing areas. Some of these have not been cleared, and flooded brush and trees will provide cover and at­ tract aquatic insects and other food for fishes. Some trees will be cut and anchored in place so that when flooded, these will also provide cover for fish.

Wood duck houses will be built and put up in the wooded areas which will be near normal spring water level or periodically flooded. In embay­ ments and along the edge of the reservoir, floating platforms suitable for waterfowl nesting will be built and anchored where they will not interfere with boating.

Some small ponds already exist on the property. Many are near open fields. Around some of these ponds, clearing will be done so that grassy cover exists along at least one side of the pond. Perhaps this will en­ courage nesting and use by mallards and blue-winged teal. It may also make these ponds more attractive to wood ducks and deer. Other sites will be in­ vestigated for possible construction of other small impoundments in strate­ gic locations.

State personnel will also make a study of the property to determine if some fields might be flooded by erecting a low levee and pumping water from the reservoir. Such fields could be planted to millet or buckwheat, then flooded in the fall to a depth of 12 to 18 inches by pumping. This would pro­ vide excellent food for waterfowl during fall migrations, and might also be used as a strictly controlled hunting unit. Small amounts of grain might be left to provide food for waterfowl during their spring migration.

FISH MANAGEMENT

TIMBERED COVES:

A recomnerdation has been submitted to the U. S. Army Corps of En­ gineers to leave altrost all of the standing timber in all coves and embayments. These uncut trees will serve as areas for fish to concentrate, and therefore provide better fishing in these areas. The standing trees will also serve to reduce wave action in the coves and to protect fishermen's boats from wave action.

BRUSH PILES:

There is a possibility that some of the trees which are cut will be placed in large piles and tied down to the bottom so that they will not float when the water is impounded. These brush piles will serve as protected areas for small bait fish, and will attract larger fish which feed on the bait fishes.

FISH STOCKING:

The species of fishes to be stocked in the reservoir area: Largemouth bass, bluegill, redear sunfish, black crappie, walleye, rock bass, white bass, channel catfish, and flathead catfish. There is also a possibility that some areas of the reservoir might support some varieties of trout. This will depend greatly on the oxygen content of the water and the temperature of the water. Species now present in the river will also be available to anglers. These in­ clude: Smallmouth bass, golden redhorse, white sucker, and carpsucker (3 spe­ cies). Other river species are present, but are not expected to contribute much to the fishery of the area. Two species present may have detrimental effects on the fishery, these being gizzard shad and carp, both of which have a ten­ dency to overpopulate their environment.

There is also a possibility that a trout fishery may be established in the tailwater area on a put-and-take basis. This will depend on water quality in that area.

OPERATIONAL FINANCES:

The basic equipment for a game management program will have been purchased prior to July 1, 1974. An estimated additional $135,000 will be spent for the game management program in the five year period (1974-1979).

The game management program will be under the direction of the Reservoir Manager, within the guide lines established by the Indiana Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Future personnel for this program will include: 1 Reservoir Specialist, 1 Labor Foreman, 1 Laborer, and seasonal laborers as needed. Exhibit 11. List of courses offered by Miami University and Earlham College that would profit from the field facilities as requested in the ______text of this letter: ______

1. Plant Taxonomy 18. Geomcrpnology

2. Dendrology 19. Introduction to Geology for Teachers 3. Autecology 20. Sedimentology 4. Synecology 21. Microbiology for Teachers 5. Mycology 22. Seminar in Animal Behavior 6. Phycology 23. Entomology 7. Field Botany 24. Ornithology 8. Experimental Phycology 25. Vertebrate Zoology 9. Conservation of Natural Resources 26. Invertebrate Zoology 10. Physical Geography 27. Fundamentals of Ecology 11. Hydro-Geography 28. Limnology 12. Cartography 29. Community and Ecosystem 13. Invertebrate Paleontology Ecology

14. Field Geology 30. Population Ecology

15. Ground Water Geology 31. Herpetology

16. Ground Water Hydaulics 32. Insect Ecology

17. Photogrammetry and Photogeology 33. Ecology for High School Teachers

34. Basic Plant Ecology

Source: Letter of July 1, 1969 to District Engineer, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville, Kentucky, from:

Phillip R. Shriver, Pres. Miami University Donald E. Cunningham, Dean for Research and Director, Inst, of Env. Sci.Miami U. Landrum R. Bolling, President of Earlham College James Cope, Lecturer in Biology and Director of Jos. Moore Museum, Earlham College ENVIRONMENTAL UNITS, BROOKVILLE LAKE AREA.

Profile

Units 1. Uplands 2. Valley Sides 3. Valley Bottom

Subunits 1_;A. Level Uplands/! .B Sloping Uplands 3.A Terraces/3.B Floodplains

1.A, little local or regional slope; Steeply sloping (25-100%); ele­ 3.A, several levels, mostly elevation generally above 1,000 ft. vation 700-900 ft.; maximum ex­ 5-35 ft. above Unit 3.B; 1,B, locally rolling up to 5% or 10% pression in south part of the generally flat or gently Topography slope towards small streams or to Unit area. sloping. 2; elevation usually 900-1,000 ft. 3.B, depressed below Unit 3.A; mostly level but steep slopes next to low flow channel.

1.A, Wisconsin till usually with Ordovician shale and limestone 3.A, Wisconsin outwash sand wind-blown silt cover over older at or near the surface. and gravel; higher terraces shale and limestone bedrock. tend to have silt cover. Geology l.B, till with little or no silt Some bedrock near surface, cover; bedrock locally exposed. elsewhere 150' or more deep. 3.B, modern alluvium sand and qravel.

l.A, silt rich loam such as Fin- Shallow clayey soils such as 3.A, loamy soils; Ockley on castle-Russell. Fairmont or Switzerland; rock silt rich higher terraces; Soils 1 .B, less silty loam such as Miami debris in bedrock locally at Fox on lower terraces. or shallow soils over bedrock. surface. 3.B, variable with loamy Genessee soils on best drained areas. Units 1. Uplands 2. Valley Sides 3. Valley Bottom Gently to moderately sloping Steep streams on bedrock; ground- Gently sloping streams, streams, locally on bedrock; water seeps, little potential rarely on bedrock; main Hydrology groundwater in moderate sup­ for wells. channel meanders have some plies at moderate depths (from point bars. Excellent till, upper bedrock). large supply of ground- water with considerable recharqe from main stream.

Theoretically area of beech- Oak-hickory edaphlc climax. Transitional oak-hickory maple climax, but oak-hickory forest on terraces to in fact, prevails where not floodplain dominated by Vegetation cleared; slightly more tree cottonwood, box elder, cover (and more slippery elm, black willow, and syca­ sugar maple) on sloping up­ more. lands. Farming and livestock with some Woodland areas used as wildlife 3.A, pasture in cultiva­ Land Use timber production; conservation habitat and for limited recrea­ tion with few limitations. measures needed on sloping uplands. tion purposes. 3.B, restricted farming uses; recreation and wild­ life habitat.

1.A, Mammals (badger, woodchuck, Transitional fauna between up­ 3.A, mixture of species Eastern fox squirrel, Virginia lands and valley bottoms. characteristic of flood- Wildlife white-tail); Birds (blue jay, car­ plain and valley sides. dinal, mockingbird); Herps (toads, 3.B, Mammals (Eastern wood frog, slimy salamander). grey squirrel, raccoon); 1,B, Same as above, depending on Birds (Hairy woodpecker, similarity of vegetation. barred owl, warblers); miscellaneous Herps Ma t r i x spD.), etc. Exhibit 13. Temperature and precipitation data, Rushville, Indiana.

Temperature (°F) Precipitation (inches)

Month Mean Extreme Extreme Mean Extreme Extreme High Low Dry Wet

Jan. 28.7 70 -26 3.39 0.71 12.06

Feb. 29.9 71 -25 2.83 0.32 8.31

Mar. 39.9 86 -10 3.96 0.04 12.08

April 50.4 89 14 3.69 0.90 9.11

May 61.6 96 26 4.10 0.53 8.46

June 70.2 101 35 3.93 0.71 8.45

July 74.2 108 40 3.33 0.20 7.96

Aug. 71.6 103 36 3.15 0.29 9.64

Sept. 61.3 101 22 3.38 0.17 9.36

Oct. 54.4 90 12 2.83 0.23 9.11

Nov. 41.3 83 -10 3.17 0.37 9.25

Dec. 31.0 68 -21 2.97 0.48 6.14

Annual 51.5 108 -26 40.73 0.04 12.08

Number of years of records 67 75 75 77 77 77

♦Source: National Weather Service Records, through 1966. LITHOLOGIC COLUMN, BROOKVILLE LAKE DAM SITE.

Zone Elevation Description

1 960-915 Shale Gray medium hard, calcareous clay shale with soft seams, fossiliferous, with 25 to 55% 0.1' to 0.8' thick, hard, medium grained crystalline limestone interbeds, limestone is highly jointed and fossil- iferous

2 915-909 Limestone Gray, hard, medium grained, crystalline, fossiliferous limestone with 0.05' to 0.2' thick interbedded shale; limestone is highly jointed

3 909-877- Shale Gray, medium hard, calcareous clay shale+ with soft seams, fossiliferous, with 30%* 0.1' to 0.5' thick, hard, fine to medium grained crystalline limestone interbeds, limestone is highly jointed and fossil- iferous

4 877-763 Shale Gray, medium hard, calcareous clay shale with soft seams, fossiliferous, with 2-20% 0.1' to 0.3' thick, hard, fine to medium grained crystalline limestone interbeds, limestone is highly jointed and fossiliferous

5 763-672 Shale Gray, medium hard, calcareous clay shale with soft seams, fossiliferous, with 25- 40% 0.1' to 0.6' thick, hard, fine to medium grained crystalline limestone in­ terbeds, limestone is highly jointed and fossi1iferous

6 672-664 Limestone Gray, hard, medium grained crystalline, fossiliferous limestone with 0 . V to 0.2' thick, medium hard interbedded shale

7 664-648 Shale Gray, medium hard, calcareous clay shale, fossiliferous with 40% 0.1' to 1.0' thick, hard, fine to medium grained crystalline interbeds

8 648-630 Shale Gray, medium hard, calcareous clay shale, fossiliferous with 10-35% 0.1' to 0.4' thick limestone Zone Elevation Description

9 630-613- Shale Gray, medium hard, calcareous clay shale, fossiliferous with 1-14% 0 . T thick lime­ stone

10 613-600 Limestone- Interbedded gray, hard fine grained cry­ or lower Shale stalline limestone and medium hard cal­ careous clay shale - 50%

11 600-500- Shale Clay with interbedded limestone - no samples between elevation 600 and 520

Exhibit 16. Order of succession and classification of Illinoian, Sangoman, ______and Wisconsin units in the Whitewater basin, southeastern Indiana.

Units Radiocarbon Dates

Wisconsin glacial stage: Tazewell Stade Bloomington drift; Champaign — loess; Champaign drift; Shelby- ville loess; Shelbyville drift

Connersville Interstade Connersville organic-rich sed­ 1-610, 20,000-500 iments

Fayette Stade Fayette drift 1-611, >40,000

New Paris Interstade New Paris organic-rich sediments 1-587, >38,000 L-478B, >40,500

Whitewater Stade Whitewater L-479A, >43,000 L-477B, >41,000

Sangamon interglacial Weathered materials and orqanic L-479B, >37,500 stage: L-479C, >35,000 L-414, >41,000 Illinoian glacial stage: Richmond Stade Loess; Richmond drift —

Abington Interstade Abington organic-rich sediments —

Centerville Stade Centerville drift

Source: Gooding, A.M., 1963, "Illinoian and Wisconsin Glaciation in the White- water basin, southeastern Indiana and adjacent areas." Journal of Geology, 71 (6), pages 665-682. Exhibit 17. Water quality data, East Fork Whitewater River, Abington, Indiana. ______Based on U. S. Geological Survey samples 8/5/69 to 2/8/73.______

No. Discharge of weighted Parameter samples Range average Average Units

Dissolved Solids 33 266-486 322 408 mg/1

Hardness 33 197-380 252 319 mg/1 CaC03

Alkalinity 33 298-570 377 437 mg/1 CaC03

Sulphate 33 36-84 47 61 mg/1

Chloride 33 14-64 22 36 mg/1

Fluoride 33 0.2-1.6 0.4 0.6 mg/1

Nitrate Nitrogen 33 0.7-5.9 3.4 3.6 mg/1

Dissolved Iron 33 20-360 221 88 ug/1

Total Iron 33 30-2600 1388 356 ug/1

Dissolved Manganese 33 0-170 60 52 ug/1

Total Manganese 32 10-380 200 38 ug/1

Conductivity 33 408-794 513 675 mmhos/cm

Temperature 33 0-24 — — °C

PH 33 7.1-8.1 — — units \ Exhibit 18. Water quality data, East Fork Whitewater River near Brookville ______dam site. Based on Corps of Engineers' data 4/3/72 to 4/18/73.

Parameter # of samples Ranqe Discharqe weiqhted averaqe Averaqe Units

Dissolved 12 7.7-13.9 10.1 9.7 mg/1 oxygen

Conductivity 12 510-720 578 629 mmhos/cm

A1kalinity 4 134-263 212 206 mg/1 CaCO^

Dissolved 4 335-417 356 359 mg/1 solids

Volatile 4 71-165 91 103 mg/1 solids

Total 4 341-476 449 402 mg/1 solids

Hardness 4 250-316 291 307 mg/1 CaC03

Total 4 120-5700 3565 2300 mg/1 iron

Dissolved 4 100-120 119 115 uq/1 i ron

| Total 4 30-130 115 95 ug/1 1 Manganese a Dissolved 4 20-30 21 23 ug/1 t Manganese

0.5-5.5 Nitrate 5 4.5 3.6 ua/1 Nitrogen

Organic 5 0.3-1.3 1.1 0.7 mg/1 Nitrogen

Total Phosphorous 5 190-660 448 502 uq/1 Temperature 12 3-28 — — °C

pH 10 7.6-8.4 — — units Exhibit 19. Water quality data, East Fork Whitewater River at State Highway ______44 crossing. Based on Corps of Engineers' data 4/3/72 to 4/18/73.

Parameter # of samples Ranqe Discharge weiqhted average Averaqe Units

Dissolved 12 7.5-13.4 9.4 9.3 mg/1 oxygen

Conductivityt 12 525-765 592 655 mmhos/cm

Alkalinity 4 116-283 225 209 mg/1 CaCO^

Dissolved 4 334-347 339 341 mg/1 solids

Volatile 4 105-165 112 124 mg/1 solids

Total 4 341-449 383 390 mg/1 solids

Hardness 4 270-373 302 319 mg/1 CaCO^

Total 4 160-2200 1833 1170 iron ug/l

Dissolved 4 50-210 61 102 iron u g / l

Total 4 30-100 84 72 ug/l manganese

Dissolved 4 20-60 22 32 ug/l manganese

Nitrate 5 0.7-7.5 5.9 4.2 mg/1 nitrogen

Organic 5 0.4-4.4 1.4 1.5 mg/1 Nitrogen

Total 5 205-750 278 388 u g / l Phosphorous

Temperature 12 1-28 — — °c pH 11 7.6-8.5 __ units Exhibit 20. Water quality data, Silver Creek above Dunlapsville. Based on ______Corps of Engineers' data 4/3/72 to 4/18/73.______

Parameter # of samples Range Discharge weighted average Averaget Units

Dissolved 12 5.9-14.3 10.2 9.2 mg/1 oxygen

Conductivityf 12 470-645 538 550 mmhos/cm

Alkalinity 4 106-198 190 187 mg/1 CaC03

Dissolved 4 327-363 347 345 mg/1 solids

Volatile 4 71-187 81 105 mg/1 solids

Total 3 346-354 347 305 mg/1 solids

Hardness 4 240-294 260 270 mg/1 CaC03

Total 4 220-2300 1507 878 u g / 1 i ron

Dissolved 4 50-170 70 98 u g / 1 i ron

Total 4 30-100 71 68 u q / 1 manganese

Dissolved 4 20-70 23 33 u q / 1 manganese

Nitrate 5 0.5-7.0 5.5 3.9 mg/1 Nitrogen

Organic 5 0.1-1.3 0.8 0.7 mg/1 Nitrogen

Total 5 90-520 1.81 269 u g / 1 Phosphorous

Temperature 12 3-25 — — °C

pH 10 7.8-8.4 — — units Exhibit 21. Mater quality data, Whitewater River, Brookville, Indiana.

Comprised of the following fourteen (14) pages.

Source: Indiana State Board of Health and Stream Pollution Control Board: Monitor Station Records. RECORD OF ANALYSES Whitcsv; ler River Brool.vilie Station Number Wl IW-24 1957 Drainage Area—1,239 Scj. Mi.

Laboratory Analyses . Field Tests Flow ! i _ ec. r

*C.—e Dissolved evitatilauQ—rodO _ ) sdiloS .lo sdiloS .!1;t

_ Oxygen — lC — rateud.r ret _

, N sa s sa N retil/gmBOO retil/gmBOO .l m .l o _ i sdilo

sa se sa t j evi .. l ( rutarepmeT s _ ,p

i .tf—egatS a _ t

y m retil/gm 0 .sfc wolF .sfc

s ytidibruT t ti r r p e r r _ s 0 o m n O l/. et eti et et

e r e ni . S d 1 _ , m C taS taS

t i / V C i n o i i . .p l roloC r . u l _ us s l a l/ fi l O /

d p N a c / o r o i > . > r l _ l lh s t s C e kl e P g g i

i h a g oC a rP u HP uS HP pS _ a ______% M S C r m H m N m m C Date A o • ------

______I ' I i ! | | !______i j i i i I ; j ' j i i ' ' l 1 1 1 i I Apr. 22 2 '*2 9 2.4 8.1 510 288 5 R 25 — — 1.9 2,300 20 9.0 98 8.4 1,550' 3.05 May 6 2;.o 13 1.4 8.3 572 302 5 O 5 — — 2.5 430 13 12.5 118 7.5 712 1.82 May 20 ir.8 7 2.3 8.2 359 199 25 O 410 — — 5.0 4,300,000 10 8.5 85 8.2 2,SC0 4.18 June it 2::t ~C 2.2 S.l 522 200 15 O 130 145 15 3.-1 4,300 20 8.2 89 7.0 1,830 3.42 June 17 It 1 ~ 1.2 8.1 377 223 25 O 700 750 101 2.2 43,000 7.1 — 7.4 1.880 . 3.45 July 8 2' » 8 2.0 8.2 r.i.9 302 .*) O 50 92 21 3.1 2::,000 23 7.8 90 8.1 1,040 2.37 July 22 2 0 7 7 1.4 8.2 2S3 10 O 15 — ----- ■ 5.0 930 26 9.5 110 8.0 381 1.10 Auir. 5 3>o~’ u 1.2 7.3 565 300 5 O 20 31 12 2.9 9,300 22 9.0 102 8.4 292 .92 Aug. 10 2i 1 7 7 l.G 8.3 5 . 8 8 311 10 O 40 43 11 2.4 230 23 8.6 99 7.7 235 .75 Sep. o 2.S i i 1.4 n r 570 310 15 O 20 33 7 3.9 2,300 24 8.0 94 8.6 193 .CO o n | Sep. 18 2;o 1 7 " 1.9 8.2 Of.i 20 M 7 8 2 1.0 43,000 19 8.1 87 8.0 195 .60 Sep. 150 2~> 17 T i 8.1 091 351 10 M < 5 5 3 1.4 2::,000 15 8.C 83 — 190 .53 Oct. M 2.-.3 " T o 7*1 8.3 543 302 10 D <5 3 1 4.7 150,000 1.7 9.7 92 8.0 162 .47 Get. 28 L’iO 21 2.4 8.2 729 338 25 O 5 4 O 1.6 15,000 9 9.9 86 8.1 232 .74 Nov. M 2:.3 7 0.5 8.2 572 310 20 D r> 4 3 2.3 43,000 7 . 11.3 93 8.0 201 .81 Noe. 2.ri 2.'2 8 1.7 8.2 041 330 10 D

Laboratory Analyses Field Tests Flow ecnatcud evitatilauQ—rodO _ .*C—erut Dissolved r sdiloS .lr sdiloS )l

et , Oxygen — lCs lCs — ret a i t l retll/g Ns as Ns / o

sd p e i l. t g s l ( ( vit /g • u a • m i ic .sfc wolF .sfc

y n

l ytidibruT sse Om . retil/gm t p r r o o re i m ruimy, l ruimy, l O O et ct r /. m V ni S .taS .taS m e , C

t

'l o t . n i l C mDOB .p . s i l use roloC fno l/ l/ O a a l d akl c o / ______r r r s C ti e TN g g h HP Cs g a rP uS a uS pS D ate Hp % C M m m m H C A a a Chlorides N m ------______j j arepmeT I ! r j i I 7.5 1.060 Jan . 6 2R3 7 2.0 8.0 C47 330 5 O 5 __ 13_ 2 1.3 43.000 2 12.1 88 700 Jp.!l. ro 2G9 ia 3.0 B.2 G23 323 ____ 5_____ D_ 5 _ 7 3 1.5 4,300 __3 ____13.7 101 80 800 Feb. 3 24C G 1.8 8.3 542 3C3 R E < 5 _____ 3_ 3 _ 1.5______„ 9.303 0 __ 14.1 97 7.8 2 450 Feb. 17 2‘j’J 6 2 0 8.2 57G 322 ____10_ O 5 _ A 1.8 7,500 0 13.9 95 7.9 820 M ir. 3 210 a 1.5 8.2 521 270 25 O 20 __ 3 1 0 ■ 2.0 3,900 _ 2 __ _ 1 1 .9 83 — 075 M ar. 20 *40 a l.S 84 565 290 5 o 5 ___1 1 ___5___ 2.7 _43.01)0 5 __ 145 113 7.8 A ->r. 243 a 2.8 8.4 509 293 ____ 5______< 5 ___ __ 11 ___4 ___ __ 2 .2 ______15.C00 __ i o __ 11.0 97 84 830 Anr 15 0*>,« 8 2.2 8.4 541 202 5 E 15 __ 35 ___ 5 __ 1 9 230 _ 13____ 9.8 _____ 92___ 82 1.120 ___2.4 HO Apr. 27 212 7 2.5 33 557 294 ___10. Min ____ 5_____ 11 ___3 _ 1.3 15.'J00 11__ _ 10 0 _____ 05__ ___8 7 __ ___ 7 __ ___1.4______240.000 ___ l,Cii0_ May 7 3 253 C 1.9 32 573 ___ 300 ____ 5______D 20 _ 55 _ ___“______7— __ __ May L’tf CM-1 t> l.7 83 553 __ 283 ____5 _____E 20 _ 33 _ 6 _ 1 5 ______910 13 9.9 103 8 2 ___1,320 _ __12,600_ Ju n e 10 123 7 5 2 7.3 _ 4C3 ___ 256 ___30 ____ M __ 40______82 10 1.8 03,01)0 19 9.7 103 _ 8 4 _ J jne 23 242 7 23 70 5G4 203 10 O 30 58 8 1.5 240.000 18 8.0 81 8.2 2,000 Julv 8 250 8 2 G 7 8 557 3ca 10 L* 30 88 10 1.7 400.000 19 81 87 8.1 6.920 Ju lv 21 222 5 l 4 8 l 473 204 10 Mm 220 54 10 1.5 9.300 19 7.7 82 80 3,900 Am;. 4 21.) :» 1.5 8 2 40 J 2f.G r» F p 300 250 35 < 1 0 2.300 21 — — 8.1 4.920 Attp. 18 2 CO k l 4 83 508 34C 5 O 10 15 2 2 1 240,000 19 82 83 80 1.120 S-.'Tjt <3 08 8 l 553 302 20 O < 5 20 7 1.3 7,500 19 7.4 79 — 075 S ept 15 211 3 08 83 56! 2^2 10 o 15 13 8 1.4 23.000 19 78 84 7.8 450 8*‘Pt c? C"» l 2 83 Gl7 332 5 Cx 5 8 1 1.2 9.300 10 78 78 80 600 < V • 14 : t : 3 l 2 33 COO 236 5 O 7 11 3 1.8 23.060 14 8 8 85 8 1 500 f\ • •S 3 l t 8 3 020 331 10 O 5 8 4 1 0 43,000 11 99 90 8 1 550 «3» 3 N % 13 a I 4 82 0 2 1 315 < 5 O < 5 4 1 1.5 240,0.10 11 9.3 84 80 450 *»\'V 24 7 l G 3 4 631 353 5 M 5 5 4 < 1 0 12.000 10 11.7 103 — 820 T ie . 0 2.1 3 l C:n 310 5 O < 5 3 2 < 1 0 7.500 2 11.7 85 — COO 10-23-59 10-15-59 12-22-59 11-25-59 11-12-59 2 9 59 9 12- 4-15-59 2-17-59 - 8-59 8- -J 59 4-2J 3-1 - 2-59 9- 7-23-59 0-24-59 - 8-59 7- 0-1(1-59 5-27-59 5-13-53 - 1-59 4- - 2-59 0- 9-39-59 9-10-59 8-10-50 - 9-59 9- 1-19-59 - 8-59 1- ate D :1-59 . 201 2 213 253 ^:.3 2,.r, 2.3 2.5 2 -.5 233 213 2.0 247 223 212 211 272 154 253 133 o n 124 z 155

4 S lA ak il nity (to at l) I :>V

j sa C Ca O, ntg, Uter i 17 14 11 12 12 10 13 10 10 14 Cnlornles sa —lC i 7 C 6 n 8 7 •» 7 8 6 9 9 7 s c 7 mg liter | 0 2 2.4 2.2 2 3 2 22 2 0 2 2.1 18 1.8 00 1.5 15 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 l.'i 1.0 1 0 19 14 l.C 1 19 1 4 N ti rates Nsa j 2 mg. liter 82 80 8.2 80 8.5 8.0 8.3 8.1 84 8.2 8.0 85 83 8 5 8 8.3 32 8.1 8.2 83 8.4 83 8.5 8.4 5.5 8.-1 8.3 Hp j ______! 433 500 400 505 021 702 527 014 C25 301 544 sr.a 531 550 530 510 0.14 557 C111 014 STG 52C 535 631 CM 583 Spec. C o dn natcu ec > ainho .s / mc ! Station WHW-24 WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE-1959 234 270 300 200 239 342 3U0 313 3 37 200 2ii0 2C3 320 312 301 300 307 223 239 307 323 314 370 146 318 170 H ardn se s as !

CaCO, mg, li ret Analyses j aboratory L

5 < ! 20 20 40 40 15 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 roloC j

i Mm Mm Mm Mm Mm M M M M O m o o O O O O O 14 E E E E E 14 E E evitatilauQ—rodO

1 200 2:10 100 130 2 30 20 20 20 15 10 10 10 15 10 10 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D ytidibruT 433 200 341 188 27 24 48 42 47 21 21 31 17 15 19 8 7 8 0 4 5 7 0 8 5 8 uS sp. S sdilo mg, l eti r 32 23 40 50 10 10 5 4 8 4 8 4 6 4 3 1 0 3 6 8 7 4 o 3 0 1 uS s .p V .lo sdiloS m g l/ eti r <1.0 0 1 < 0 1 < 2.1 24 2.7 3.1 24 3.1 4.0 3.9 29 3 5 3 10 4 0 4 1.9 10 1.1 1.9 06 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.4 DOB retll/gm >1, 1,500,000 1,100.000 100,000 240.000 4CC.C00 230.000 390.000 930.000 430.000 23,000 2 75 000 75 95.020 43 000 43 23.000 93.000 43.000 43.000 92.000 21.0C0 3 000 3 2.3U0 4.309 2.300 C no of rm 93 150 MIW'.'ICO m .l 73

0 rP se um pt vi e 23 23 25 25 20 25 19 15 17 25 24 19 13 14 3 4 1 8 3 1 0 7 7 2 3 8 .*C—erutarepmeT | 10.1 139 12 12.2 11.7 11.9 11.3 138 11.4 13.7 120 11.1 15.0 15.2 12.0 8.4 7.7 98 87 7.0 9.7 7.1 8.8 68 9.0 8.5 Dissolved Dissolved Oxygen 5 retll/gm Field T ests ests T Field 101 107 101 130 102 139 112 123 97 93 71 90 90 89 97 89 81 83 93 94 99 80 99 98 91 94 61 Sat. _ — ■ - _ — — ___ 82 2 8 80 8.2 82 84 8.0 8.0 7.0 7.6 82 7.8 82 80 8.4 80 88 7.3 84 84 Hp flood 2,280 1,330 3.530 1,320 1,750 3.820 Flow 3,220 1.100 - 400 550 500 880 940 247 843 254 208 241 264 ---- 178 180 320 310 540 cfwon s. * ' ... ”* i • * “

! WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE-1960I Station WHW-2 4 ' s ■- y ' . i Laboratory Analyses Field Tests Flow 1 ! ecnatcu : 3

*.perature—C evitatilauQ—rodO r Dissolved sdilo S.io sdilo * e ; ! | 1 w . l — iC sas sas iC — '. Oxygen a ret i t Nsas Nsas .l retil/gin DOB retil/gin ot(y ot(y s sdilo e li m vi d

' c aess

' m

tp

n . ytidibruT l/ ’ .sfc wolF .sfc . i. r id o r 00 m .s mg * O er et et . r 1 r V S C . . . m ter/limg

.taS .C .taS C

n . n o , i i ’i .. o . .p u roloC , f lit . lit l l/ GCa " il o i l

-- s / c p N

rate '. l L s s ep * e k’A t i r g P g ard oC emT l " i - rP . u uS m D ate Hp Hp v

„ .a ri M m C K n H C S u ~ S - 3iG 2 ‘ 1- 7-GO' 317 : i 2.1 8.4 550 5 Mm 5 7 3 1.7 1,100.000 12.9 93 7.6 650 — “ n ~ 1-1X-G0 210 ; t» "" 8,3 551 ’ 220 10 11 20 31 9 1.4 23,000 4 6.0 46 8.4 1,670 ‘ *” 2- 3-GO~ 25 4 i i 1.5 "84 " cos 2J2 0 fci < 5 6 2 0.6 9,300 3 13.3 100 8.2 77G ‘ 2-llt-GO" 2.-.0* —9 20 S.4 GRG 322 5 K 10 IS 4 1.2 4.300 1 11.6 81 8.4 1,110 3- 1-CO 3’.- *-- —12 3.7 85 503 330 * <5 Ds <5 9 8 0.5 93.000 2 134 97 8 6 589 ** ‘ 25— 3 —It 15,000 80 529 3-iQ-GO 2 2* 8 5 547 311 25 E 15 7 6 27 3 120 89 ' 3-22-0 ^ 0 0 • : 117 0 2.1 8 5 432 243 20 E 70 171 17 4.2 23.00a 9 11.0 95 86 2.980 * -- ’— 1 " ■•-13-il.7 C<)7 ... 1 1 37" 573 ' ‘ 256"‘* <5 E 5 4 0 2.4 4.300 11 115 103 8.3 712 ” : i ’ 8 ’ ’G E 5 1.8 23,000 105 80 472 i - ’t - t 'l * — 09 C23 302 5 14 2 17 10.2 ' 5-12-03 231— i J 1.3 “3.2 *■' — 200 5 E 10 5 0 2 5 2.300 10 12 5 110 82 529 " * -f*,0 .... 2,320 2-M • — 27 8.3 420 3G0 30 O 750 980" 122 ' ■ 80 230.000 20 6 5 70 8.2 ' — G- <1-00 2::«" u 2.0 8.6 519 320 10 E 90 115 20 9 ...... 1.5 36/1 22 7.5 85 7.6 770 ’ ■ " ... * i>-23-GO:r.- mi l 4 3 7.9 — 142 ‘25 * E 2.000 1 ,GG0 192 32 430,000 18 7.0 73 — 15,700 - „ , — — 7- 7-SO 200 9 2.0* 8.2 ;" —- " ' 0 O 30 46■ 1G 93.000 21 80 90 82 744 * — 313 ' 1.4 7-1.'!-CO2 0 - 2C4— —13 18 82 — 330 5 E 20 40 8 20 93.00(1 22 83 94 92 7G8 8- 7-CO 3'* i.i 10 8 6 — 300 10 Ds 5 7 0 30 23,000 26 12.6 153 — 259 * * 8 -15-GO* 25H 212 1 1.5 8.7 — 332 6 O 5 8 2 23 03,000 24 0.0 106 — 207 8-20-60 - — — — — — — Broken B ottle — — 25 11.2 133 — 196 9-12-CO 14 14 8 2 — 420 15 E 20 42 3 30 230.000 19 94 100 82 120 C-29-C0 37t) 1 *1 1.6 85 — 315 5 M 5 13 6 30 400.00 o 20 12.0 131 — 121 10-13-GO 201 1 > 1.8 8.4 — 312 5 O 10 16 2 3.6 <1,100.000 1G 9.7 98 88 121 1 0 -2 : co 270 17 1.0 8.3 C1C 31H 5 T. 10 10 i 5.6 150,000 10 11.0 97 8.2 133 I t- 7-30 2CH 13 1.3 84 CH2 316 10 O 5 4 4 2.2 <30 7 14.0 122 82 140 11-21-GO 2C8 1 0.9 HI G29 318 5 E 10 8 4 29 9.300 8 14 5 122 80 162 12- 6-G0 2.78 M i e 82 G29 318 5 ]■: 15 15 6 2.6 240.000 6 10.4 83 8.0 172 12-20-C0 27'J r > 84 370 230 <5 o 5 2 2 3.5 43,000 5 13.1 103 — 165 r: “ —'-v--.rrr : T'. r r . ■ V — -*7"- Z T~Z-TCTT-rr ... ------—.------— - — WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE-I96I Station WHW-24

L aboratory Analyses Field Tests Flow

Dissolved = s | § J 6 0 Oxycen t’ O 2 a rt ti r « - 5= SB -S s S | S -SS g . e rt ** tj y fl ; i . n x r?n " « or j2 g O' $ S Sf* *» p§ S' 2 S >? *l3 Sh %2 u^ 1 -G <-.i 3: g ^ - 5 £ 2 ^ ti S~ Ex o2 ’S3 o S 2 dx w.5 • Q satS & ^ $ =s D ate 2»j sjm x r"5 o •§ 3 “ 0 “ O cfcS 5 « .. S £ u U rj c. t i ‘i r.'j o O H e >h m t>«-,a. H 1 c <•- o. « — 1- 4 - e i ?C1 15 1.8 8 3 023 33C 5 E < 5 1 1 S 3 240,000 5 13.5 106 152 l - m - e i •) p 14 1.7 8 3 520 3 (0 10 F 10 22 2 2.8 43,000 3 11 2 83 7.0 418 1-31-61 r:n; 13 1 8 8 4 700 311 15 K 10 12 C 5.1 23,000 0 13.1 00 7 0 219 1.010 2 - h -'; i 151 i o ‘ 1.4 7.8 420 194 50 E 130 125 26 4 6 93.000 2 14 1 102 7 0 2 - 1-G1 ISO 0 2 8 3.1 423 198 10 E 100 104 13 3.0 43.000 5 12 4 97 — 4,249 3 -;« -fii r e : 8 2 0 8.0 505 200 10 E 100 81 3 1.4 (•3,000 5 11.8 91 8 2 3.100 9 3 4 508 290 5 E- 20 32 8 1.3 23.000 10 10.2 90 — 1.830 4 - i o - n Iff;* 5 1 3 8 4 182 252 10 E 40 42 11 4.1 240,000 6 1 1 8 94 8.2 1,920 4 --T -C 1 1 ,•» 6 1.0 8.3 40.'! 212 10 E ono 530 93 1.9 210,000 13 11.4 108 8 2 6,500 Vil r, 1.7 7 1 402 203 100 E 500 315 56 6 2 __ 14 8 8 85 8 2 2,370 8 4 970 5-2S-G1 *J0» 9 2 f 8 5 07C 2U2 5 O 5 7 3 2.1 9.300 IS 10.3 104 — 5 -m *’ M 10 1 0 3 3 557 5 O 5 11 1 3.0 15.000 — 8 5 — 650 c •> A 8.2 570 :c:o 5 CJ 50 50 9 OS 23.000 19 8 8 92 — 1.040 — — — — 492 7 - :i-c i 1.5 3 2 fill 3i;3 5 O 5 18 7 2.2 2.300 7-17-r.: 11 •10 5* 1 W'U 21:: 10 M 100 141 12 2.3 --- - 23 8.4 97 8.2 630 25 7.0 84 8.0 434 t - m - u i :;:n lo 1 c 8.2 513 Z?f) 10 O 120 211 25 2 5 93.000 8.2 303 8 17-G1 ‘J 1 15 J..S R.O 5:>0 290 5 O 10 22 4 1.5 4,300 24 GO 70 — 246 8 31-01 l!v<) 13 0.7 7 .3 572 20(1 10 O 10 17 9 5.4 23,000 25 9 9 105 8.4 324 9 - 11-61 12 1 G 8.3 572 300 5 O 40 52 11 3.2 0.300 27 9.0 112 25 0.0 104 8.4 241 r>-j :> m 11 1 l 3.4 354 *> 5 O i t 21 1 1.6 430 000 112 — 230 ld - 1 0 -8 1 -1 1 13 1.0 8 2 I’.iio < 5 O < 5 12 5 1 . 9.3C0 16 11.1 2 10 5 92 8 2 230 10- 7i 13 1 4 8 2 522 312 c. E 5 8 16 •13.000 10 14.0 109 8.2 255 11- 0-81 11 1.0 8 3 cm 310 5 Mill 5 8 0 2 9 210,000 5 12.7 99 — 1C5 11- •f»i r 11 1 9 8 3 7 /0 310 5 E 5 7 5 3 2 43.000 5 43,000 10 11.5 101 80 434 12- 4-G1 27u 12 1 3 8 3 322 5 O IS 1C 7 1.0 4G0.0C0 2 12.0 87 8.0 1,670 12-21-01 2U1 12 3.2 8.0 416 2C8 25 O 75 58 8 2.7 " Y-lS-fU1. 2 ” r ~ * " * * * 1 0 - - 0 1 1 S-G2 11- ;j52 5 j l; l - a i * 1 1 - - 1 1 12*20-02 2 r‘t:2 r»‘ 12- 1 *.2 1 - 3 3-G2 - 1 6 c - 7 - 5 -h-fi2 l-lh 8 7- 7- 6- 2 -S l6 ~ 9 - 7 9-24-02 9-24-02 62 -6 0 3 - 7 ate D - )-r.. K 13 Y-G2 o.»;» -ci c '- a - ro 02 ' ' ______25 - o i _T -02 M 2 •» i r* 2 UI 214 231 2I>‘! * 2.;t> ?:n) 254" 250 271 271 if.: *»•!«» •Ml It-'.* 25R 2 2 o - r *> 250 250 2 2Gi> 270 n c

5 A l ak nil ity ( total) ; i: 'fi\ _ j 0 _

~ as C Ca Oi m g '. liter ___ ~ " " ’ " ~ " * 14 11 n i 10 i i 12 14 13 i i ' »•> 15 15 14 i:t i:t ! iC .i o iiL asc —lCs

12 14 7 •» a 9 0 p S d

*** I m g l/ ite r . " ~~ - 1 2 2 0 2 0.5 OR 2 2 1.7 8 1 2.0 0.2 n i 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.2 3 Oi) 1 09

1.0 I N ti rate as s N 1.1 5 1 1.2 1.4 2 2 2 3 2 1.8 1.8 .7 .5 .5

6 I m g /ll et r ' ’ '* ' I >. >. a. 'a 7.8 8.2 » 5 » 11.3 8.0 8.3 a 8 3 8 8.4 8 2 8 8 3 8 0 7 3 3 8 0 8 JM 8 8.2 7 3 5 3 8.2 8.4 8 2 8 3 8 .0 .3 .0 2 6 1

2 j Hp ' i ______" 439 572 370 C29 451 812 48 4 48 387 543 5!!i> 05J r.3.-» 5:-.o €3? 20:3 3 031 473 49 r* 5119 il O 502 5 507

31 i c:» Spec. C ondu atc ecn j j H T W T R IE, ROVLE16 Station WHW-24 WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE-1962 1 3 .

’ j .. tnh0 .3 l/ e ar ] " " " 208 212 298 232 210 338 332 295 314 204 :u:>$ 3H) 291 218 283 V'M\ 311 345 2:;a 278 300 i " liS 302 32;i 310 . H ardne ss as J

j CaCO. m g, li ret nalyses A aboratory L i______* 5 < 5 <

20 10 10 10 10 25 1C 15 io io 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 S 5 5 roloC ' ' " : Mil "o !n o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o e k o o V | atilau—QrodO evit " ' ' 800 200 300 1 1 400 I 40 20 00 75 20 so 20 10 10 13 15 10 1 10

5 i 5 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 | ytidibruT ' ' ' " 613 213 230 C25 10 102 I______29 23 25 19 14 12 23 18 31 19 :c 10 i i 2 0 4 4 8 9 3 i uS sp. M retta mgs l eti r 82 4 G8 20 14 85 12 14 12 8 4 4 7 7 5 5 5 9 3 8 C 4 3 3 0 0 1 oV .l Sus M.p retta ' m g / il te r 4 8 4 2 3 2.8 9 2 2.9 1.5 19 1.8 8 1 1.7 1.4 6.7 0.7 15 6.1 3 3 2.5 3.2 2.4 4 2 2.4 1 _ 1.7 __ .6 1 DOB retll/gm 2 G4H0 49.1180 27.000 84.000 2 15.000 23.900 13.090 55.000 75,000 75 000 75 15. :00 15. 14.000 10.500 19 14 too c 0.000 5.200 5.800 5.000 4 000 4 4.100 1,700 9 ouO9 CoU mrof ,000 ,700 800 000 p e r 100 m .l 0 22 27 20 14 21 24 17 13 11 23 23 21 30 15 17 2 2 1 1 S 1 7 7 4 8 3 *C—erutarepmeT 12.7 12.0 13.7 0 3 1 12.5 110 111 11.5 0 0 1 104 12.5 6 0 1 13.6 12.1 12.0 10.G 9.5 9.7 8.5 9 8 9.1 8.1 8 6 7.0 9.0 9.2 Dissolved Dissolved

retll/gm Oxygen F ield T ests ests T ield F 104 U.7 105 103 120 115 113 123 115 100 89 91 84 99 87 97 no 87 97 9 75 73 94 87 £9 81 5 .taS% 0 8 8.2 8.2 2 8 86 8.4 8 7 8.1 84 — 8.0 4 8 3 2 3 84 — 8.0 2 8 0 8 7.8 — — — — — — — np 2.190 Flow 3.700 1.350 7.140 1.190 1.510 1.100 3,580 772 665 735 885 700 341 2 383 256 242 2 272 227 323 242 490 242 256 37 27 wolF .sfc WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE-1963 Station WHW-24

Laboratory Analyses Field Tests Flow ecntacud rettaM .p rettaM

evitatilau—QrodO Dissolved

r ) C.* —erutarepmeT C.* e

l Oxygen t — l Cs ase Cs l — ret a i t retlI/sm ODB retlI/sm retta N sa < sa N 1l 1l o .

i t s g ( ( l .l a , c:n

m .sf cwolF .sf

mrof s n ytidibruT

y ss retil/gm . l t r r o r re in s m .taS et e e

O d e M u C C t . i / e i t t il

i n il t i . i .c S C r roloC l 100 m / O

l’ d o l a / a

p l .l o ho r r l ,

l r C epS s s ti kl g HP g Cs a oV g o a hC e uS '.r HP

D ate % m m p C H C ,.m m m A a

0 14.2 97 — 272 1- 2 -63 • i"'! 20 0.3 8.0 C53 320 5 O 5 8 C 2.2 0.300 0 13 4 92 .MO * 1 -1 5 -0 3 219 19 1.0 7.7 377 HOG 10 O 5 13 0 3 9 20.009 - z . 0 13 2 90 253 *l-30-c:? 3 ! 0 14 2.7 7.8 037 810 5 b 5 13 9 2 .0 20.000 87 300 2 - 4-■Cjc3-: 19 1.3 li.l .•>56 320 5 0 5 11 0 5.0 9,800 0 12.7 94 3 0 4 03 2 /2 16 2.0 0.1 000 380 5 0 5 8 4 3.7 47.000 0 13.7' 37X09 3 10.4* 7 '2,120 3 - M-G3 I'J.’f 7 2.3 8.1 4!!’, 238 5 0 ICO ' 50 1 1 3.8 10.3 91 1,550 3-25-C 3 249 2.8 8.2 559 250 5 '* 0 5 ' 43 7 . 1.4 2 .ICO 10 10 19.9 90 9C0 1-10-C3 1.0 8 2 5G4 300 " 5 0 s *11 C 1.5 20.000 10.4 89 4.380 i--y.-r-3 I'll! ' 3.C 7.9 382 234 15 0 300 321 52 3.8 43.000 9 5 15.999 10 11.0 111 8 0 910 5 - 6-e2 U 1 0 8.4 173 2tH 10* 0 < 5 9 5 1 5 11.009 89 875 5-23-03 232 ' 7 2.1 8 4 490 2:»'l 5 _ 0 < 1 20 4 1.8 17 3.7 90 816 r.- 5 -r,j 2 :3 9.3 7.5 591 2U6 0 5* 2 1 8 2 4 *24.000 20 3.3 8.4* 119 8.5 340 C - l! '- ‘i3 25.7 ll 1 2_ 8 2 554 21»G 5 0 10* 24 12 15.000 22 10.5 84.000 23 3 1 93 8.0 272 7 - 3 -C.3 233 0 9 8.2 579 COO 5 * 0 30 9 12 1.3 9 41,000 2 j CO 95 8.8 212 7 -1 0 - 03 212 12 0.4 -8.2 553 2ca 5 M 5 * 18 4 1 73,000 21 0 3 97 — 2O0 0 - 1-G3 240 ~ 15 2.1* B.t 542 290 10 O 20 47 0 3.4 110.000 21 8.4 91 7.8 298 * n - ;i- o :i 206 13 0.7 “ 7.9 493 250 5 0 40 3 9 8 .7 42,000 20 5.9 0 5 ' 2 0 7 ’ :,-2C-63 226 15 ' 0.0 8 3 505 270 10 0 70 47 10 .1 t.; 21 7 2 HO" 8 4 126 o - n - r .3 244 '2 4 0.4 8.2 033 * ’ 2:3 10 * > 0 * " 23 8 4.0 70.039 «V» _ __ 110.000 17 9.3 95 8 2 101 9- 2-0730 0 7 8.1 534 312 10* 12 7 3.7 1CO.OOO 15 9 8 97 8.4 99 10- 9-03 200 0.5 8.0 C38 304 5 O 10” 7 4 50 130.000 15 9 0 89 8 3 101 10- -’20303 13 0.0 8.0 COS 324 10 0 5 8 3 2.3 100.000 8 11.6 98 8.1 117 i f - 4-63 203 29 0.8 8.1 612 320 5" 0 10 IS 6 3.4 320 10 0 10 8 3 1.8 110.000 11 1 04 94 — 124 11- -20033 22 1.5 7.9 83,000 3 1 1 3 84 — 119 12- 5-63 261 22 0.9 8.3 3 1 0 5 0 20 21 7 3.5 62,000 0 — 112 12-19-03 236 2 5 6.5 7.9 *770 350 '5 0 < 5 5 3 4.8 — WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE—1964 Station WHW-24

Laboratory Analyses Fit-Id Tests Flow I ecnatcudn evitatilauQ—rodO

rettaM .p rettaM Dissolved

—l Csa se Csa —l r ) C.*—erutarepmeT e l Oxygen t ret a i t l retil/g mDOB retil/g

Nsas / o retta

i t g s l setahpsohP ( .l / a

m m mc g .sf cwolF .sf ss ytidibruT

retil/gm ly r r / o m r r in .taST. .taST. s m et e r O 0 e .j e ct e M d u ,. t C ' ..SB.A t

of i i . n il C. . . il roloC S c l a r 10 l M '. d O r ‘ p / c rt / h n o r

n ). s e C l g gm n u o i a Hp C g e a ll uS .r i p HP h se .( C p Vo m H C S N m c i D ate A

— I - 2-G4 273 V 1.3 8.1 745 332 35 O 305 5 4 1.3 4.7 32.000 0 1 3 6 03 105 ~ 1 -1 j-C * i 2 J 17 7.7 GG4 ' 3 2 6 5 o 305 0 0 1.0 3 3 73,000 1 1 4 3 100 — 148 n ■? fj I-is'1-01 }.: PO P ll 312 5 o 5 6 3.4 ■--- 4 4 72,600 1 1 7 0 119 7.4 225 n n •j-;o •■( " • ‘j 26 1.2 59: ? J i 5 o 5 5 4 1 3 — 3 3 72.000 2 1-1.4 104 7.5 2C0 7 -3 25 1 2 8 2 634 296 5 o 5 4 3 1 2 — 3.3 b 1.003 2 9.1 66 — 190 — — 35.450 3 -n-n-i V'.ij • V' 3 0 7 6, 2M4 133 20 o 855 723 105 0 3 4.4 25 000 4 11.8 99 - 6 ; 2 -3 ■1 •> 8 2 C27 :>.no _ o 10 19 4 0.0 _ 0 8 38.000 12 1 2 4 115 — i.tv o ~4- 7-34 17;'? .) 3.9 7 8 337 193 25 o Ij O 3C8 34 0 2 — 2 9 44.000 13 10 0 94 — 5.080 4 - 2 3 -C t 134 7 2.6 7.7 415 292 23 o 38 7 413 62 0 3 — 1.7 33.000 15 8 3 82 7.7 7.149 5 - 4 C4 ra n 10 1.5 7.9 531 201 5 o 30 31 0 0 4 — 1.4 29.000 18 9 4 98 7.1 1..M0 5 -21-34 2 5 17 1.3 8 0 m 3 ,0 5 o 5 10 4 0 5 — 2 9 87.000 CO 10.9 119 7.2 535 'P - 5 -0 ! 1?". 2! 0.2 S.2 _ 29R 10 o 10 13 7 0.4 — 1.9 2.SCO 20 12.4 135 7.2 400 "<5-18-34 2 '3 13 1 3 8.0 CC2 213 5 o 30 24 23 0.7 — 3 5 S7.009 23 9 8 113 7.2 360 7 - 3 - H n 1.3 <» .2 :,::n 290 ji o 15 27 9 0 3 — 3 0 at;.mi*j 24 9 8 115 — 26,5 '> 1 3 K 0 33 J 224 5 o 13 3 1 0 9 — 0.8 23.000 24 8 5 IOC 8 0 340 7 - : |5-!il 213 M • n — 10 4 r '7-:i'i-fil 288 r.*» 0 7 8 1 351 5 o 5 a & 0.3 0 5 5.400 25 124 8 0 1 3 13-'14 26C 20 0 4 15 1 571 2'M 3 o 15 17 9 0 9 — 2 0 100.000 20 1 0 2 111 8 0 163 2V> jj 0.8 7 6 572 281 5 o 30 17 6 0 5 — 3 0 2-1.090 23 10.0 115 8 0 144 " - '.'1 - 3 1 25« 13 0 0 7.0 543 2 9 l 5 I)? J5 15 7 0.7 — 3.0 150 IIO0 — — — — n o 9-2 8 -6 4 « ;n 1.0 8.1 , 2 '6 10 o 0 n •* 0.7 — 2 2 270 003 15 10 2 101 7.9 115 10-13-6.4 wT'3 •» 1.1 74/ 3*2 ft o 5 9 Pi 1.8 — 3 5 54.099 14 13 2 127 — 120 :n -3 0 -0 4 270 23 0.9 8 3 524 ■ 3,0 10 o 5 4 3 0G — 15 11,005 12 9.2 85 7 2 113 11-12-54 254 21 0 7 8.0 574 32G 5 o 3 7 rt 1.7 — 3 C 220.000 13 7.0 CG 7 5 111 11-21-64 256 13 1.2 8.2 G43 312 5 Mai 0 0 0 0 3 — 2.2 55.000 2 10.5 70 7.5 131 12- 7-61 232 21 1.7 7.G 575 2 ’14 10 o 0 7 3 09 — 1 5 CPi.000 2 10 1 73 7.2 133 213 25 1.9 7.7 C77 311 ' 5 o 5 8 5 3 2 4.2 87.000 0 11.0 75 7.3 174 WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE-1965 Station WHW-24

L aboratory Analyses Field T ests Flow ecnatcudn evitatilauQ—rodO *—C.erutarepmeT retta Msp. retta

r Dissolved )l e — !C sa «V sa !C —

ti Oxygen a rot t l retll/gm DOB retll/gm N sa s sa N retta , o

i t g l s (.:ty (.:ty setahpsohP / a m m L g.r mc

.sfc wolF .sfc ytidibruT retll/gm r m r ss o r r /

m ii O .s eti et etii/g

r .taS% .taS% e 0 e M C ;v C ta . ne 0 o

OCaC e .SBA l j ii f U 1 .l , ' c p r r

’ n C l. Su l. t i:al:r s e g ;a n g g iN o cV V. HP p e uS i Hp ’f ii A! m C Hard S m p m Color D ate m

1- 7-G5 250 J7 1.9 8 1 COO 312 5 0 5 8 2 1.6 1 9 3.700 4 8 9 67 7.3 485 UlVEIt FROZEN 2 - 2-85 250 i0 2.8 8 1 C2H 352 5 O 5 8 5 0 3 — 3 3 8,700 0 1 3 2 90 — 460 2 -18-35 240 V! 2 6 8.2 590 2 JO 5 O 20 27 10 0 0 — — 3.300 5 15.0 117 — 1.220 3 - 4-C5 152 ! i 3 3 8 1 405 226 15 O 550 632 14 0 3 — 7.3 33.000 3 12.1 90 7.8 6.480 3 -1 3 -0 5 2'?0 1 . 3 3 8 3 577 222 5 O &0 70 14 0 4 — 1 0 20.000 4 9 2 70 7.9 1.550 4 - 1-03 io n r ; 3.1 8 2 515 230 5 O 5 11 4 0 3 4.0 800 9 5.9 51 1.220 4 - 1 1-C'i 170 1 t 5.5 8 1 540 200 10 E no 105 23 6 4 — 1 5 7.700 10 111 98 7.8 2,530 4-2'.)-(;r. 2DI . 7 4 0 7.7 527 2HO 5 O 25 47 10 0 2 — 6 7 55,000 11 104 94 7.5 2.8C0 5 -1 1 -' 5 234 11 2.2 3.4 535 2(il> 5 O 10 9 2 0 1 — 27 1.200 20 109 119 — 920 5-.10-C3 !! 1.9 8 2 537 200 5 O 5 I t 3 0 3 — 1.5 2.400 23 9 0 111 — 585 G -10-65 ’JTJ i . 2 1 8 2 580 301 5 M il 20 24 8 0 1 — 2.4 O.CI'O 23 8.9 102 7.9 380 G-22-fi.i 230 ! > 1.0 8 1 503 300 5 O 10 15 5 0 3 — 4 0 300 25 12.9 154 — 218 7 - 15 9 8 8 5 535 202 15 C h 10 27 7 0.2 — 2.6 21.000 20 11.3 138 — 536 7-22-G .. ! • 1.4 3 4 043 23fi 5 M 5U — — 0 3 — 6.0 6.200 23 10.2 117 — 265 8 - 3-0.) 1 ! 2 4 8 3 57(1 320 5 M 10 42 8 0 4 — 2 3 4.700 22 11.3 105 — 204 8 - r.i-0 > '.'.•I 2 : 0 8 8 1 557 283 10 M 50 54 13 0 2 — 2 8 4 800 25 9 2 110 — 177 1.6 8 2 543 20 i 5 O 20 50 a 0.2 — 2.0 5.700 20 7.3 79 9 1 151 3 -1 3 -0 5 1 *0 i.) 1.5 8 2 4 2? 210 15 O 210 115 14 0 4 — 3.3 51.COO 80 7.2 78 — 382 9-2IM*»5 220 2.- 2 4 H.t> 551 330 5 O 20 18 3 0 2 — 1.0 3.400 15 11.0 ica — 220 1 0 -’.4 -C . 2.'0 2 2 8 1 CiO 300 5 O 15" 13 7 0 5 — 1.0 20.000 11 12 2 no — 163 2; 0 1 - 2.7 8 1 551 330 10 O 15 15 7 0 5 — 1.7 1,700 10 9.9 88 — 510 11- 8-Ci 250 1.4 8 2 3.500 310 :> O 20 20 6 0 3 — 1.7 200 14 10.7 1U3 — 265 1 1 -2 3 -0 j 203 10 1.3 8 8 614 323 5 O 5 4 0 0 8 — 22 25.000 6 11.3 90 — 227 12- 0 -05 202 lv 0.0 8 3 531 322 5 O 5 8 4 0.0 — 3.2 41,000 4 12 5 95 '7.6 220 12-20-C3 1 . 1.7 7.0 714 U2t> 5 O' 0 7 6 0.8 — 2.2 12,000 4 9 1 69 — 300 WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKViLLE-1966 Station WHW-24

L aboratory Analyse s Field T ests Flow ecnatcudn evitatilauQ—rodO retta M.p retta .*C—erutarepmeT Dissolved

—l Csa se Csa —l r )

e Oxygen l t ret a i retil/gm DOB retil/gm t l retta N sa sa N ; o

i t g s l setahpsohP ( y ( /g L mrof a .sf cwolF .sf mc mj ytidibruT sse retil/gm r r ti o s r / r .taS .taS s m, m, e .s eti O u e et t .S.B.A d ni C e M t il nd . .p t C S i roloC i o n 100 m l l/ O

r l l l/ a . c a n , h ak o r l C s ,p i rt l e g C C o g HP a oV e g n uS 'a p b H5 % . it '. si C p n m r U S < H L Date m

_ — 380.000 5 16.0 126 8.0 2,600 1- C-CG in-i 10 2.2 7.0 431 2C0 25 O 140 163 33 0.4 109 7.4 442 1 -20-68 310 ’ 16” 2.1 7.3 705 311 S O 5 5 1 0.7 — 2.8 40.000 0 15.9 — 0 14 5 99 7.4 292 2 - 3 - GO 272 " 20 l.G 7.8 706 314 5 o 5 5 1 1.2 3.2 47,000 — 13.000 3 11.6 86 '7.6 2.160 2 -1 7 -6 6 2o:i 14 3(1 7.7 520 136 i o ' o 40 35 4 0 4 — 11 0 86 7 6 1.100 3 - 3 -CO 250 16 2.6 7.6 6 (5 334 5 o 0 10 6 0 6 — 2.1 17.000 5 — 0.4 10 12.1 107 7 6 C!’0 3-I7-C C 240 2.0 £.0 6.-2 320 5 o ' 10 22 9 0.2 3,490 7 1 2 9 106 7.6 550 3 -3 1 -3 0 •>.«* '0 3 1 7.7 665 323 5 E 5 5 4 0 6 — 2.3 2.100 — 2.6 3,200 7 1 18 87 7.6 830 •i-U -C O 274 •J 1.4 7.6 553 235 5 E 15 13 5 0.5 88 1,200 '4 -2 0 -0 0 10» 2 6 7.5 513 281 " 10 o 100 220 22 0.3 — 3 9 5,300 16 8 8 7.5 — 107 7.8 1,550 5-1 0 -0 8 "l-JS 1 5 7 3 535 270 10 o 70 50 2 0.2 2 1 20,000 10 12 1 o.«*> “ 15 0.0 7 3 064 2G3 5 o 10 7 7 0.4 — 2.3 41,000 20 13 0 142 7 6 752 6- C C5 244 15 1 6 7.1 586 304 5 o 10 10 8 0 6 — 4.8 18,000 22 8 3 04 7.1 465 '0 -2 3 -C 3 250 20 1 4 8 2 202 5 Df 5 17 12 0 3 — 4 3 130,000 26 12.1 147 8 2 280 7- 5-CO 244 23 1 3 7.5 573 ~ ^92 15 o 100 324 50 1.3 — 6.7 19.000 26 7.2 87 7.5 391 7 - ; . - c i 250 •VI 1 3 " 3 0 613 ‘ 3G0 ' 5~ o " 40 " 54 1 7 “ 0.3 "5.3 24.000 26 11.3 ” 138 * 8 0 184 b- :- c j 230 ' 20 0 8 6 8 r > o 312 5 M;v. 20 36 12 1.0 3.2 1,200 24 10.0 117 6 6 113 r-jj-cu 1 yV •ii 2 3 74 477 243 15 Mm 140 106 15 1 3 — 4.1 600 24 7 2 84 8.3 342 • »■ ** 256 2 i 0 ? ' 7 S 555 31G 5 E 60 50 11 0.8 — 8.7 93,000 24 9 4 110 7.6 122 9-1 3 -6 1 054 29 1 0 7 7 CC5 330 5 O 53 32 7 0 9 — 2 4 340.000 19 7.5 80 7.7 123 'P-2S-C6 24 C 25 1 2 7.7 710 320 5 O 25 29 9 1.4 — 1.2 82 090 16 9.5 96 7.7 205 70-73-6*1 *>•?•> ' :.i 0 6 7.5 £30 230 5 O 15 23 11 1 0 — 2.6 63.000 14 13 0 125 7.8 177 :o-:’’-'is 200 3? 1.3 7 0 675 310 5 o 40 72 12 1.4 — 3.9 41.000 12 15.0 144 7.7 202 :i- o-co !92 17 3 5 7.2 478 314 25 o 70 190 48 0 6 — 5.7 35,000 12 10.2 91 7.2 1.350 l i - u - c c 270 20 2 0 7.6 GC3 348 5 o 10 13 10 0 8 — 2 2 20,000 7 14 8 122 7.6 320 12- 8-CG 132 8 33 7.0 311 104 50 o 310 410 64 0 3 — 4.0 58,000 10 14.9 132 7 0 7.320 12-22-60 266 13 4.0 7 8 635 348 5 o 30 18 6 0 5 — 2.1 3,300 3 11.6 86 7.9 1,050 WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE-I967 Station WHW-24

Laboratory Analyses Field T ests Flow evitatilauQ—rodO

retta M.p retta r Dissolved e l! — lCsas . lCsas — C.*—erutarepmeT til

re Oxygen ta retil/gm DOB retil/gm retta ; til to N as N uctance nd uctance s ( r setahpsohP /g in m sa , nOC ytidibruT .sfc wolF .sfc c.' r r r retil/gm r mL mL r ; ste m ’ ts - eti • c r 0 .taS% .taS% u . d t n i Co M * * .SB.A ite 0 o linity t ii . . r roloC os S l uC uC ar f d 1 O. c c ■I ■I / i p

,'l l / . h

l tV '•:> l epS s r g s ar g it lka o oV aC uS e sa■ HP Hp H m N C A m C ! m C p D ate ^rn

1- 5-57 251 18 5.1 7.4 C05 335 5 O 10 5 3 03 3.0 62.000 1 154 108 . . 724 1-16-87 27) lo 2 8 7.6 f)7B o'.’il 5 A 20 13 8 05 — 1.5 7.500 0 10.7 73 7.6 553 1-20-07 280 7 * t 38 78 591 323 5 O 20 19 6 0.5 — 4.7 8.600 1 11.4 80 7.5 1,170 2-tO-57 2.71 . A » 2.2 7.3 700 320 5 O 20 14 2 05 — 2.7 19.090 2 3.4 61 80 856 3- 2-'i7 • 111 1.5 7.8 Ti.O 308 5 O 10 6 3 07 __ 2.3 7,500 4 It 6 112 8.1 751 ?-1C--j7 i’;w- t *• 4.5 8 9 C80 305 10 O 30 29 10 0.5 — 2.5 5.700 5 11.9 93 _ 2,380 .V77-G7 1". *J •' 1 i 33 7 5 550 302 5 O 30 33 11 02 — 2.7 4.300 12 148 136 1.800 4->.2-r.; 33 7 6 835 322 5 O 10 15 5 0.4 — 1.0 22.000 14 10 8 104 _ 1.200 i-f'-t-OT I*.-')* 2 G 7 .<» .VI 324 5 O 10 13 3 0.7 — 1.1 12.000 12 127 117 7 8 1.200 5-11 -.7 :•) 1,4 2 4 7 ! 5*.fi 312 5 Mm 100 181 32 0.3 — 7.0 15.000 14 9 3 90 _ 5.810 ji-i'2-or :’■>!» it 2 9 73 53! 316 10 O 10 28 12 03 — 2.2 4.500 16 MO 101 1.710 6- G-G7 2"0 tii 2 2 73 80S 330 5 O 10 30 13 0.1 — 8.2 22.000 21 90 107 _ 1.020 r- 2 2 -0 7 " 7 0 12 1.6 7.7 C34 314' 10 O 15 35 7 10 — 3 1 16.000 2! 85 96 809 7- 0-07 27-1 r> 2.7 7.9 027 320 10 O 20 19 10 0.2 — 97 29.000 21 96 107 _ 572 7-2(1-57 UJ'j 20 3 8 79 5'Jj 2°6 10 O 40 02 12 0.3 — 3.3 8.000 22 89 101 739 8- 3-57 214_ 13 93 7.7 573 290 10 O 80 72 11 0.3 — 3.9 85.090 24 7.4 87 - 338 8-17-57 2 4 14 8.2 513 318 5 O '20 28 B 06 — 40 69,0110 23 19 0 122 . . 214 ,0: 1 -67 28! _ 21 2 4 7.7 out 324 5 O 20 23 5 0.7 — 5.5 3.800 16 9.1 92 _ 167 9-14-57 250 _ 20 1.4 7.8 590 290 5 O 10 17 11 09 — 3 3 25 000 19 9 9 106 _ 184 9-28-57 2 t'ih _ 22 22 _ 7.7__ 579 _ 3-2 _ _ 5 o 10 17 3 08 — 2.7 42.000 11 8 8 79 _ 143 10-10-67 2;»4 !i> 1 B 7.B ■170 3 vi 5 o 5 16 1 12 — 14 9.4UU 16 9 1 92 _ 205 10-115-07 2V12 30 2.0 8.1 <90 — — — — 8 6 — _ 8.1 5.100 9 12 8 111 80 245 !l- C-67 272 30 1.0 77 450 332 — o 5 10 6 0.7 — 18 3.900 5 9 8" 78 — 375 11-21-57 25! 20 13 79 670 326 5 o 10 10 3 09 — 2.5 4.800 6 13 6 109 - 277 12- 7-57 214 20 45 7.7 590 308 10 o 25 44 10 0.4 — 2 1 48.000 8 11.2 90 _ 1,980 12-18-07 212 14 3.7 7.5 550 298 is o 100 76 13 0.5 — 3.1 93,000 4 10.9 83 — 2.CG0 WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE-1968 Station WHW-24

L aboratory A nalyses Field 1 e s t s __ _Flow e '.C—erutarepmeT

retta M.p retta Dissolved evitatilauQ—rodO )latot( ytinilakl )latot( —l Csa se Csa —l cnatcudn Oxygen

ret retil/g mDOB retil/g retta

i N

setahpsohP s l .l s / a m ---

.sf cwolF .sf g m ytidibruT retil/gm a a sse ______r r c/ m o r s r ro .taS .7 .taS ? e et .s m ------M e c u t d C .SBA 00 e

f t t i il i . n t .p f S 1 i i roloC r o i

l, l O l/ a d l . c ; o / h r r r l ------s l ep C o t g g CaCO.mg/liter e g oV g a iN uS hC a m HP PH C p ./ m m H S C m m as A D ate ------1.200 0 13.4 92 — 828 1- 18 3 8 7.6 OO 350 5 O r> 13 8 0 5 2 4 0.6 1.9 20(1 1 9.5 66 496 'T -1 3 -6 S ' l m 3 3 ' ~ 3;» 7.6 630 3**6 5 O 5 10 6 2.9 26.000 6 11.5 52 8.1. 4,180 ' 2 - I ;:r> l j " 2 ') 6 9 430 252 10 O 100' 105 20 0.9 __ 2 — — — 801 '2-15-ES * •>Y‘» *»o 41 7 7 690 " 312 5 O 5 10 7 0.7 3.1 6,500 _ __ 300 1 12,8 90 — 511 * 2 -2 9 -0 8 ? r*- 14 2 1 7 7 610 310 5 O 8 2 0 6 2.3 — 8 9 70 •166 " 0- 1 i-O3 2M* •> * 2 1 7.0 5:m 323 ■ 5 o ’ 5 6 5 0.5 2.8 400 5 — — 2 0 23,000 8 13.9 112 7.8 2.370 ' 3 -2 3 -0 3 305 1 7 ' 3 7 " 7.3 530 234 5 O 20 61 12 1 2 7.8 1,400 "4-M r;j 246 17 2 7 7.7 7.i0 332 10 O 5 18 5 1.5 — 1.5 4,300 12 13.0 129 — 6.9 802 212 13" 2 3 7.C COO 310 5 O 10 8 2 1.7 2 1 1.500 11 10.3 97 — 800 14 8 6 83 7.6 508 5- 11 0 6 7.8 620 320 5 O 5 10 4 0.7 3 1 — I",0,(4111 15 7 8 77 46,700 ’ 5 2 i - ( h ~ 125 2 j •> 7.4 170 133 25 O 503 2.800 300 0 2 4 8 — - C8 2,970 0 - 3 -03 i:?4 10 3 1 7.7 500 298 5 O 80 B0 15 0 1 — 1.9 44,000 18 8.2 — — 855 ‘ 0 -2 1 -OB 256 14 •» •» 7.7 630 330 5 - O 5 32 2 0.4 2.2 2.GU0 20 8.2 89 — 93 518 ’ 7 - 5 -03 2G2 14 ‘ 2 1 7 9 coo 332 5 O 5 22 9 0 7 4 8 1.400 17 9.1 — 1,130 7 -1 0 -0 3 210 13 2 0 7.6 540 284 5 O 80 116 16 0 4 — 2.3 2,200 22 6 8 77 7.5 0.4 2 8 50,000 19 7.7 82 _7.7 2,490 8 - 2 -0 3 218 9 2 2 8.0 530 270 IS O 2 JO 270 25 — 1.190 * 8-10-G 3 254 15 oO 7 8 740 326 10 o " 5(l" 48 10 0.7 2 .7 ' 100,000 17 8.1 " 8 3 ’ 405 ‘ S-Ji’-O’J 2*"0 15 1 a "7 9 710 348 5 0 10 14 9 0 5 — 5 2 5,100 14 11.1 107 — 17 — — 024 9 -1 9 -0 0 220 17 1.0 7 5 450 21G 15 0 100 330 40 0.0 — 0.9 160,000 — — luG 7.4 320 9-2't-C .t 270 19 ' «< .1 8 1 030 350 5 0 10 21 6 1.0 0 8 32,080 14 11.0 10-10-GS 203 10 1 -.1 8.1 r j n 300 5 0 15 13 2 0.7 — 3 6 14,060 10 13.0 115 — 310 — 85 7.4 281 1 0 - 4-20H80 17 ' 5 3 7 8 070 341 5 0 10 19 14 1 3 1.0 27,000 4 1 12 312 5 0 HI 19 9 0. ___9___ 2 3 2 090 5 1 2 0 96 270 11- 4-G3 2«2— 18 2 0 7.6 060 8.6 249 11-21-G3 ”2CC 17 2 9 ’ 7.8 630 311 5 " 0 10 10 2 1. r 2 3 3,200" 5 13.5 106 12.6 3,040 17- 5-68 222 16 7 1 7.5 530 234 10 0 80 61 12 0.2 — 2.3 18,000 4 96 — 12-20 5.8 260 20 2 0 7.7 600 350 5 0 10 31 19 1.5 — 3 5 25.000 3 13.5 100 7.7 1,140 RECORD OF RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE Station WHW-24 1969

DISSOLVED SOLIDS SUSPENDED SOLIDS sdiloS ded sdiloS detcelloC elp detcelloC sdiloS devlos sdiloS etaD gnitnuoC etaD PICOCUIUES,'LITER| gnitnuoC etaD PICOCURIES/LITER re n t l e ahplAI ahplAI ahplA l/ p el ateB ateB , s m s g 5 a i uS a * * m D S D 1 i j 1 1-13-63 660 94 2- 7-69 0.13 S: 1.01 3.52* 1.24 2- 7-69 0.05*0.38 0.00 ±0.77 2-13-63 C!T. 152 3- 5-69 0.83 H . 52 7.32*1.50 3- 5-69 1.23 * 0.80 0 82 *0.91 3-11-69 610 134 3-25-69 0.38* 1.36 2.701128 3-25-69 0.00 ±0.49 013*0.84 4- 7-69 610 136 4-13-09 0.80* 1.29 3.9GU.31 4-18-69 0 51 10.62 0.17 *-0 88 5- 5-G9 1120 242 6- 6-69 0 00* 1.80 2.79*1.65 6- 6-69 0.8511.01 2.45*1.09 6-10-69 594 562 7- 2-69 0.07*1.42 10.61*1.64 7- 2-69 3.6812 04 21.73*1.97 7- 3-09 574 136 8- 1-09 0.00 ± 1.48 4.42* 1.40 8- 1-69 0.76*0.80 1.36*0.98 7-31-G9 1110 76 9-11-69 0.1913.19 4.83 ±1.79 9-11-69 0.15 *0 62 1 21*091 ’ 9-26-69 764 103 10- 4-69 0 84*2 32 4.40*1.57 10- 4-69 0 07* 0.69 1.24 *0 90 10-10-69 1156 112 10-31-69 7.61*4.39 6.0212.07 10-31-09 0.20 *0.52 0.19*0 87 11- 6-09 1256 134 11-20-G9 0.6812.87 6.00 1-1.87 11-26-69 0.00 *0.49 0 00 10.88 12- 7C0 90 12-29-69 0.08* 1.03 3 81 *1.41 12-29-69 0 32 * 0 58 0.00 • 0 83 - Average 097 503 0.66 2.44 RECORD OF RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES WHITEWATER RIVER, BROOKVILLE Station WHW-24 1970

DISSOLVED SOLIDS SUSPENDED SOLIDS sdiloS ded sdiloS detcelloC elp detcelloC sdiloS de sdiloS etaD gnitnuoC etaD etaD gnitnuoC etaD PiCOCURIES/LITER PICGCURIES/LITER

ALPHA BETA ALPHA BETA re r ct v n t l i e i eulaV eulaV rorrE rorrE rorrE eulaV eulaV rorrE l/ o i/ p et s s g m s g . a i uS a - D n m D S

1-16-70 812 SC 2- 7-70 0.00 1.52 1.93 1.38 2- 7-70 0.00 0.41 000 0.61 3-12-70 62 5 120 4-2-70 COO 0.81 8.55 1.90 4- 2-70 0.00 0.28 1.40 1.20 4- 2-70 414 302 5-28-70 0.00 1.22 4.21 1.32 5-28-70 0.00 1.38 9.19 1.42 5- 4-70 f.:>8 140 6-19-70 000 151 2.87 1.35 0-19-70 0.00 0.59 0.67 0.92 6- 5-70 4‘JO 1.113 7-26-70 0 00 . 1.18 10.46 1.53 7-26-70 9.64 4.25 60.93 3.29 7-17-70 2:>o 153 9- 9-70 000 0.79 3.05 1.11 9- 9-70 0.00 0.59 0G3 0.01 9-1S-70 564 140 10- 6-70 0 00 M l 3.43 1.27 10- 6-70 035 0.61 2.71 0 97 IO-2u-70 3!'0 150 12- 5-79 000 0.91 4.95 1.18 12- 5-70 0.08 0.60 1.51 0.S8 11-13-70 402 154 12- 5-70 0 00 0.SG 3.13 1.12 12- 5-70 U.0Q 0.43 0.12 0.81

. o o o 512 2 142 1- 4-71 0.15 096 382 1.23

1- 4-71 0.36 0.54

• • . 0.84 ' 1

i 0.12 Average ‘ 0.02 4.45 1.04 7.73 Exhibit 2 2 . Indiana Water Quality Standards_

A REGULATION establishing water quality standards for all waters of the State of Indiana except those waters specifically named in any other valid rule or regulation of the Stream Pollution Control Board pursuant to the authority granted in IC 1971, 1 3 -1 -3 and IC 1971, 1 3 -7 , amending in its entirety SPC IR -2 promulgated on September 18, 1970 and repealing SPC-9 , promulgated on June 13, 1967.

Section 1. (Nondegradation of Existing High Quality Waters) All waters whose existing quality is better than the following criteria as of the date on which this regulation becomes effective will be maintained in their present high quality. Such waters will not be lowered in quality unless and until it has been affirmatively demonstrated to the Stream Pollution Control Board that such change is justifiable as a result of necessary economic or social development and will not become injurious to any assigned uses made of, or presently possible, in such waters.

Sec. 2 (Waters Designations) This Regulation shall apply to all waters of the State except Lake Michigan, Wolf Lake, the Grand Calumet River, the Indiana Harbor Ship Canal and privately-owned ponds.

Sec. 3 (Water Use Designations)

(a) The following uses have been established by the Stream Pollution Control Board for all waters of the State except as provided in Section 2 above:

(1) All lakes and reservoirs, the St. Joseph River in Elkhart and St. Joseph Counties, the St. Joseph River in Allen County, the Wabash River where forming the common boundary with Illinois, the lower reaches of the Indiana portion of the Whitewater River and the Ohio River will be maintained for whole body contact recreation. All other streams will be maintained for partial body contact recreation.

(2) All waters will be capable of supporting a well-balanced, warm water fish population; except that, all waters, where the natural temperatures will permit, will be capable of supporting put-and-take trout fishing; and where now possible, the natural reproduction of trout and salmon.

(3) All waters which are used for public or industrial water supply must meet the criteria for thses uses at the points where the water is withdrawn.

(4) AU waters which are used for agricultural purposes must meet the criteria established in subsection 6(a).

(b) Where multiple uses have been designated for a body of water, the most protective of all simultaneously applicable criteria will apply.

Sec. 4 (Mixing Zones)

(a) All water quality criteria in this Regulation, except those provided in subsection 6(a) below, are to be applied at a point outside of the mixing zone to allow for a reasonable admixture of waste effluents with the receiving waters.

(b) Due to varying physical, chemical and biological conditions, no absolute mixing zone may be prescribed. Where possible (subsection 4(c)) the general guideline is to be that the mixing zone should be limited to no more than 1/4 (25%) of the cross-sectional area and/or volume of flow of the stream, leaving at least 3/4 (75%) free as a zone of passage for aquatic biota nor should it extend over 1/2 (50%) of the width of the stream.

(c) The applicability o f the guideline (subsection 4(b)) will be on a case-by-case basis and the following factors must be considered:

(1) The dilution ratio,

(2) The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the receiving body of water,

(3) The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the waste effluent,

(4) The present and anticipated uses of the receiving body of water,

(5) The measured or anticipated effect of the discharge on the quality of the receiving body of water, and

(6) The synergistic effects of overlapping mixing zones or the aggregate effects of adjacent mixing zones. (d) In any event, the total area and/or volume of the receiving stream, lake or reservoir assigned to mixing zones will be limited to:

(1) A short stretch of the stream or small area of the lake or reservoir or

(2) That distance, area and/or volume necessary to reasonably meet the purposes of the mixing zone.

Sec. 5 All stream quality criteria in this Regulation, except those provided in subsection 6(a) below, will apply at all times when the stream flows are equal to or greater than the average minimum seven-consecutive-day low flow which occurs once in ten years.

Sec. 6 (Water Quality Criteria)

(a) All waters at all times and at all places, including the mixing zone, shall meet the minimum conditions of being free from substances, materials, floating debris, oil or scum attributable to municipal, industrial, agricultural, or other discharges:

(1) That will settle to form putrescent or otherwise objectionable deposits,

(2) That are in amounts sufficient to be unsightly or deleterious,

(3) That produce color, odor or other conditions in such degree as to create a nuisance,

(4) Which axe toxic or harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life, and

(5) Which are in concentrations or combinations that will cause or contribute to the growth of aquatic plants or algae in such a degree as to create a nuisance, be unsightly or deleterious or be harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or otherwise impair the designated uses.

(b) In addition to subsection 6(a) above and pursuant to subection 3(a)(2), the following criteria are for the evaluation of conditions for the maintenance of a well-balanced fish population. They are applicable at any point in the waters outside of the mixing zone:

(1) (pH) No pH values below 6.0 nor above 8.5, except daily fluctuations which exceed pH 8.5 and are correlated with photosynthetic activity, may be tolerated. However, any sudden drop below pH 6.0 or sudden rise above pH 8.5, not related to photosynthesis, indicates abnormal conditions which would be investigated immediately.

(2) (Taste and Odor) There shall be no substances which impart unpalatable flavor to food fish or result in noticeable offensive odors in the vicinity of the water.

(3) (Toxic Substances) Concentrations of toxic substances shall not exceed one-tenth of the 96-hour median tolerance limit for important indigenous species, except that other more stringent application factors shall be used when justified on the basis of available evidence and approved by the appropriate agency.

(c) In addition to subsection 6(a) and 6(b) above and pursuant to 3(a)(2), the following criteria are for the evaluation of conditions for the maintenance of a well-balanced, warm water fish population. They are applicable at any point in the waters outside of the mixing zone:

(1) (Dissolved Oxygen) Concentrations o f dissolved oxygen shall average at least 5.0 mg/1 per calendar day and shall not be less than 4.0 mg/1 at any time.

(2) (Temperature)

(aa) There shall be no abnormal temperature changes that may affect aquatic life unless caused by natural conditions.

(bb) The normal daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations that existed before the addition of heat due to other than natural causes shall be maintained.

(cc) The maximum temperature rise at any time or place above natural temperatures shall not exceed 5°F in streams and 3°F in lakes and reservoirs.

(dd) In addition, the water temperature of streams shall not exceed the maximum limits indicated in the following table: St. Joseph River Other Ohio River Tributary to Indiana Main Stem Lake Michigan Streams

January 50 50 50 February 50 50 50 March 60 55 60 April 70 65 70 May 80 75 80 June 87 85 90 July 89 85 90 August 89 85 90 September 87 85 90 October 78 70 78 November 70 60 70 December 57 50 57

(d) In addition to subsection 6(a) and 6(b) above and pursuant to 3(a)(2), the following criteria are for the evaluation of conditions for the maintenance of a well-balanced, cold water fish population. They are applicable at any point in the waters outside of the mixing zone:

(1) (Dissolved Oxygen)

(aa) In those waters designated for put-and-take trout fishing, dissolved oxygen concentrations shall not be less than 6.0 mg/1 at any time or place.

(bb) Spawning areas (during the spawning season) shall be protected by a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 7.0 mg/1.

(2) (Temperature)

(aa) In lakes and streams, where the natural reproduction of trout and salmon is to be protected, no heat shall be added.

(bb) In put-and-take streams, temperatures shall not exceed 65°F or a 5°F rise above natural, whichever is less.

(cc) In lakes where a put-and-take trout fishery is to be protected, no heat shall be added.

(e) In addition to subsection 6(a) above and pursuant to subsection 3(a)(1), the criterion for the evaluation of conditions for maintaining whole body contact recreation at any point in the waters outside of the mixing zone is that the fecal coliform bacteria content (either MPN or MF count) shall not exceed 200 per 100 ml as a geometric mean based on not less than five samples; nor exceed 400 per 100 ml in more than one sample during the month. The months of April through October, inclusive, are designated as the recreational season.

(0 In addition to subsection 6(a) above and pursuant to subsection 3(a)(1), the criterion for the evaluation of conditions for maintaining partial body contact recreation at any point in the waters outside of the mixing zone is that the fecal coliform bacteria content (either MPN or MF count) shall not exceed 1,000 per 100 ml as a geometric mean based on not less than five samples; nor exceed 2,000 per 100 ml in more than one sample.

(g) In addition to subsection 6(a) above and pursuant to subsection 3(a)(3), the following criteria are for the evaluation of the water quality at the point at which water is withdrawn for treatment and distribution as a potable supply:

(1) (Bacteria) The coliform bacteria group shall not exceed 3,000 per 100 ml as a monthly average value (either MPN or MF count); nor exceed this number in more than 20 percent of the samples examined during any month; nor exceed 20,000 per 100 ml in more than five percent o f such samples.

(2) (Threshold-odor number) Taste and odor producing substances, other than naturally occurring, shall not interfere with the production of a finished water by conventional treatment consisting of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and choloination. The threshold odor number of the finished water must be three or less. (3) (Dissolved Solids) Other than from naturally occurring sources, dissolved solids shall not exceed 500 mg/1 as a monthly average value, nor exceed 750 mg/1 at any time. Values of specific conductance of 800 and 1,200 micromhos/cm (at 25°C) may be considered equivalent to dissolved solids concentrations of 500 and 750 mg/1.

(4) (Radioactive substances) Water supplies shall be approved without further consideration of other sources of radioactivity intake of Radium-226 and Strontium-90 when the water contains these substances in amounts not exceeding 3 and 10 picocuries per liter, respectively. In the known absence of Strontium-90 and alpha emitters, the water supply is acceptable when the gross beta concentrations do not exceed 1,000 picocuries per liter.

(5) (Chemical Constituents) The chemical constituents in the waters shall not be present in such levels as to prevent meeting the Drinking Water Standards adopted by the Indiana State Board of Health after conventional water treatment.

(h) In addition to subsection 6(a) and pursuant to subsection 3(a)(3), the criterion for the evaluation of water quality at the point at which water is withdrawn for use (either with or without treatment) for industrial cooling and processing is that, other than from naturally occurring sources, the dissolved solids shall not exceed 750 mg/1 as a monthly average, nor exceed 1,000 mg/1 at any time. Values of specific conductance of 1,200 and 1,600 micromnos/cm (at 25°C) may be considered equivalent to dissolved solids concentrations of 750 and 1,000 mg/1.

(i) Pursuant to subsection 3(a)(4), the criteria for evaluation of conditions for agricultural use are the same as those in subsection 6(a).

Sec. 7. (Wastewater Treatment Requirements)

(a) All municipal and semi-public wastewaters shall be subject to the following wastewater treatment requirements prior to the discharge to the waters of the State:

(1) (Secondary Treatment) All sewage and other wastewater containing comparable amounts of organic material shall receive a minimum of secondary treatment.

(2) (Advanced Treatment) Treatment in excess of that which can be provided by secondary wastewater treatment facilities shall be required when the seven-consecutive-day low flow occurring once in ten years in the receiving stream is less than three times the flow of wastewater being discharged thereto or when otherwise necessary to insure that established water quality criteria arc met.

(3) (Phosphorus Removal)

(aa) Phosphorus removal or control facilities shall be required at all municipalities and semi-public facilities with a daily discharge of elemental phosphorus (P) of ten (10) pounds or greater when:

(i) They are located within the Lake Michigan or Lake Trie Basins, or

(ii) They discharge directly to a lake or reservoir or to a tributary at a point within 40 miles upstream from a lake or reservoir.

(bb) Phosphorus removal or control facilities shall be required at any municipality or semi-public facility, regardless of the quantitative elemental phosphorus content in its daily discharge, when it is determined that phosphorus reduction is required to protect downstream water uses or necessary to insure that established water quality criteria are met.

(cc) Where required, phosphorus removal facilities shall be designed to achieve an 80 percent reduction in the elemental phosphorus (P) content of the wastewater or produce an effluent containing no more than 1.0 mg/1 of elemental phosphorus (P), whichever is more stringent.

(4) Effluent Disinfection) All sewage treatment plant effluents and other wastewaters which may cause or contribute to the bacterial contamination of the receiving waters shall be adequately disinfected prior to discharge to waters of the State. Disinfection shall be on a continuous basis and shall be to such extent that the coliform bacteria criteria for the designated recreational and/or public water supply use are met in the receiving water outside of the mixing zone. (b) All industrial and any other point source wastewater discharges, other than those specified in subsection 7(a) above, shall be subject to the following wastewater treatment requirements prior to discharge to waters of the State:

(1) All said wastewaters which contain organic material and/or suspended solids shall receive treatment which will produce an effluent of equal quality to that required to be produced by municipal and semi-public sewage treatment plants in the same stream reach.

(2) All said wastewaters w'hich contain contaminants of any kind other than those specified in subsection 7(b)(1) shall provide the best practicable degree of wastewater treatment or control consistent with technological feasibility, economic reasonableness and sound engineering judgement.

(3) (Phosphorus Removal)

(aa) Phosphorus removal or control facilities shall be required for all said wastewaters with a daily discharge of elemental phosphorus (P) of ten (10) pounds or greater when:

(i) They are located within the Lake Michigan or Lake Erie Basins, or

(ii) They discharge directly to a lake or reservoir or to a tributary at a point within 40 miles upstream from a lake or reservoir.

(bb) Phosphorus removal or control facilities shall be required at any industry or any other point source discharge, regardless of the quantitative elemental phosphorus content in its daily discharge, when it is determined that phosphorus reduction is required to protect downstream water uses or necessary to insure that established water quality criteria are met.

(cc) Where required, phosphorus removal facilities shall be designed to achieve an 80 percent reduction in the elemental phosphorus (P) content of the wastewater or produce an effluent containing no more than 1.0 mg/1 of elemental phosphorus (P), whichever is more stringent.

Sec. 8. The analytical procedures uses as methods of analyses to determine the chemical, bacteriological, biological, and radiological quality of waters sampled shall be in accordance with the latest edition of Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or other methods approved by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board and the Environmental Protection Agency, Water Quality Office.

Sec. 9. Unless otherwise specified, the term average as used herein means an arithmetical average.

Sec. 10. If any section, paragraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this regulation, or any other part thereof, be declared unconstitutional of invalid for any reason, the remainder of said regulation shall not be affected thereby and shall remain in full force and effect.

Sec. 11. This regulation shall, upon promulgation, repeal Regulation SPC 9 which covered the Little Calumet River flowing into Illinois promulgated June 13, 1967. Exhibit 23. Water quality criteria of the National Technical Advisory committee of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (now part ot EPA).

Parameter Limitina Criteria

Dissolved oxygen For a diversified warm-water biota, including fish, concentration should be above 5 mg/1 and not less than 4 mg/1 for short periods during any 24-hour period pH In primary contact recreation waters, pH should be within the range of 6.5 - 8.3 except when due to natural causes and in no case shall be less than 5.0 nor more than 9.0

Temperature In primary contact recreation waters, except where caused by natural conditions, maximum water temperature should not exceed 85

Maximum temperature for well-being of spotted bass: 93°F: largemouth bass and bluegill: 90°

Dissolved solids Other than from natural occurring sources, not to exceed 500 mg/1

Fecal coliform Content of primary contact recreation waters shall not exceed a log mean of 200/100 ml, nor shall more than 10 percent of total samples during any 30-day period exceed 400/100 ml

Drinkinq Water Criteria

Arsenic 0.05 mg/1

Barium 1.00 mg/1

Cadmium 0.01 mg/1

Chromium (Hex) 0.05 mg/1

Cyanide 0.020 mg/1

Fluoride 1.00 mg/1

Lead 0.05 mg/1

Silver 0.05 mg/1

Alkalinity Range of 30-500 mg/1

Chlorides 250 mg/1 Parameter Limitinq Criteria

Hardness Maximum practical value of 500 mg/1

Color 75 units

MBAS 0.05 mg/1

Sulfate 250 mg/1

Iron (dissolved) 0.3 mg/1

Manganese (dissolved) 0.05 mg/1

Nitrates 45 mg/1 of Nitrate as NO3, or 10 mg/1 as Nitrogen Exhibit 24. Policy for water and sewage standards for reservoir areas in ______Indiana.______

Supplementary to the Water Quality Standards for Waters of Indiana, the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board has established a Policy for Water and Sewage Facilities in Reservoir Areas. A summary of the policy follows.

1. Because the tight soil normally associated with good reservoir sites does not lend itself to good septic tank operation, community sewage disposal systems should be used.

2. Conventional biological sewage treatment facilities with chlorination should be used in most areas surrounding reservoirs. Where discharge is into the drainage area in the vicinity of a reservoir or directly into a reservoir, tertiary treatment and chlorination must be included.

3. Any proposal regarding industrial waste disposal on the watershed of a reservoir must receive special evaluation.

4. Plans and specifications for community, subdivision, commercial and industrial water supply and sewage facilities must be approved by the State Board of Health, and all sewage and waste treatment facilities on an outfall must be approved by the Stream Pollution Control Board.

5. Proposed water supply and sewage disposal facilities for single and two-family residences must be approved by the county health officer. Use of raw water from a reservoir for drinking water or individual treatment of such water should not be permitted. CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES OF THE TWO MAJOR FOREST TYPES FOUND IN THE BROOKVILLE LAKE AREA.

OAK-HICKORY FOREST

Dominant species:

Bitternut hickory Cary a cordiformis Shagbark hickory Carya ovata White oak Quercus alba Red oak Quercus rubra Black oak Queraus velutina

Other components:

Pignut hickory Carya glabra White ash Fraxinus americana Black walnut Juglans nigra Black cherry Prunus serotina Chinquapin oak Queraus muhlenbergii Basswood Tilia americana American elm Ulmus americana

BEECH-MAPLE FOREST

Dominant Species:

Sugar maple Acer saccharum Beech Fagus grandifolia

Other components:

Ohio buckeye Aesculus glabra Shagbark hickory Carya ovata White ash Fraxinus americana Black walnut Juglans nigra Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera Black cherry Prunus serotina Red oak Quercus rubra Basswood Tilia americana American elm Ulmus americana Slippery elm Ulmus rubra a Reference: Kuchler, A. W. 1964. "Potential Natural Vegetation of the Conter­ minous United States (Manual). American Geographical Society. Special Publication No. 36, New York. PLANTS POTENTIALLY OCCURRING IN THE BROOKVILLE LAKE AREA.

MOSSES

Polytrichaceae

Atriahum angustatum Narrow-leaved atrichum

Ditrichaceae

Cevatodon purpureus

Orthotrichaceae

Dnamondia prorepens

Mniaceae

Mnium auspidatum Woodsy mnium

Mnium affine

Hypnaceae

Bryhnia graminicolor

Eurhynohium hians

Eurhynohium serrulatum

Brachythecium salebrosum

Leptodiotyum riparium

Hygroamblystegium irriguion

Homomallium adnatum

Platygyrium repens

Entodon seduotriz Round-stemmed entodon

Leskeaceae

Leskea graoilesoens

Anomodon attenuatus

Anomodon rostradus FERNS AND FERN ALLIES

Ophioglossaceae

Botrychiion dissection Oblique grapefern

Botrychiion virginianum Rattlesnake fern

Polypodiaceae

Woodsia obtusa Common woodsia

Cystopteris bulbifera Berry bladder fern

Cystopteris fragilis Brittle fern

Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern

dryopteris hexagonoptera Winged woodfern

Dryopteris noveboracensis New York fern

Polystichion acrostichoides Christmas fern

Athyrium thelypteroides Silvery spleenwort

Camptosorus chizophyllus Walking fern

Asplenium platyneuron Ebony spleenwort

Pellea glabella Smooth purple cliffbrake

Adicmtum pedatwn Maidenhair fern

Equisetaceae

Equisetion arvense Field horsetail

CONIFERS

Pinaceae Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar

MONOCOTS

Typhaceae

Typha latifolia Common cattail Alismaceae

Sagittaria lati folia Common arrowhead

Sagittaria latifolia Duck-potato

Sagittaria brevirostra Shortbeak arrowhead

Gramineae

Bromus tectorum Downy chess

Bromus purgans Canada brome

Festuoa obtusa Nodding fescue

Glyceria striata Fowl mannagrass

Boa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass

Boa sylvestris

Eragrostis cilianensis Stinkgrass

Eragrostis Frankii Frank's lovegrass

Eragrostis pectuuxcea

Daotylis glomerata Orchard grass

Triodia flava Purpletop

Agropyron repens Quackgrass

Elymus riparius

Elymus villosus

Elymus virginicus Virginia wild-rye

Elymus virginicus var. intermedius Virginia wild-rye

Elymus virginicus var. glabriflorus Virginia wild-rye

Sphenopholis nitida Sphenopholis intermedia Slender wedgegrass

Danthonia spicata Poverty oatgrass

Agrostis perennans Autumn bent

Cinna grundinaeea Woodreed

Muhlenbergia Schreberi Nimblewill

Muhlenbergia mexicana Wirestem muhly

Muhlenbergia tenuiflora

Sporobolus vaginiflorus Poverty-grass

Sporobolus neglectus

Sporobolus asper

Brachyelytrum erectum

Aristida diohotoma Poverty-grass

Aristida longespioa

Eleusine indioa Goosegrass

Boutelova ourtipendula Side-oats grama

Phalaris grundinaeea Reed canary grass

Leersia virginica Whitegrass

Leersia oryzoides Rice cutgrass

Digitaria sanguinalis Crabgrass

Panicum diahotomiflorum Fall panicum

Panieum capillare Witchgrass

Paniaum Gattingeri

Panicum dichotomum

Panicum huachucae

Panicum huachucae var. fasciculatum Panicum polyanthes

Panicum Bosaii

Panicum Bosaii Var. molte

Eahinoohloa erusgalli Barnyard grass

Setaria lutesaens Yellow bristlegrass

Setaria viridis Green bristlegrass

Cenahrus pauciftorus Field sandbur

Andropogon furaatus Big bluestem

Andropogon virginiaus Broomsedge

Cyperaceae

Cyperus flavescens

Cyperus strigosus

Cyperus ferruginesaens

Saiurpus atrovirens

Saiurpus atrovirens Var. georgianus

Eleoaharis obtusa

Carex rosea

Carex oonvoluta

Carex sparganioides

Carex vulpinoidea

Carex laevivaginata

Carex normalis

Carex cristatella Carex Willdenowii

Carex Jamesii

Carex artiteota

Carex hirtifolia

Carex digitalis

Carex laxiculmis

Carex laxiculmis

Carex laxiflora

Carex albursina

Carex blanda

Carex gracilescens

Carex oligocarpa

Carex grisea

Carex gracillima

Carex prasina

Carex hirsutella

Carex shortiana

Carex Frankii

Carex lurida

Carex Grayii

Carex intumescens

Araceae

Arisaema Dracontium Dragonroot Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit

Spirodela polyrhiza Greater duckweed

Commelinaceae

Cormelina communis Common dayflower

Tradescantia subaspera Zigzag spiderwort var. typica

Tradescantia virginiana Virginia spiderwort

Juncaceae

Juncus effusus Soft rush var. solutus

Juncus macer

Juncus macer var. anthelatus

Juncus biflorus

Luzula echinata var. mesochorea

Liliaceae

Veratrum Woodii

Uvularia grandiflora Big merrybells

Allium tricoccum Wood leek

Lilium canadense Canada lily

Camassia scillioides Common camas

Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's-seal

Polygonatum pubescens Hairy solomon's-seal

Polygonatum biflorum Smooth solomon's-seal

Polygonatum canaliculatum

Medeola virginiana Indian cucumber-root Trillium sessile Sessile-flower triIlium

Trillium reaurvatum Reflexed-sepal trillium

Trillium Gleascmi

Smilax herbacea Smooth carrion-flower

Smilax glauca Sawbrier var. genuina

Smilax rotundifolia Roundleaf greenbrier

Smilax hispida Hispid greenbrier

Amaryllidaceae

Hypoxis hirsuta Goldeye-grass

Iridaceae

Iris virginiaa Virginia iris var. Shrevei

Sisyrinchium graminoides

Orchidaceae

Orchis spectabilis Showy orchis

Spiranthes gracilis Slender ladies' tresses

Corallorrhiza visteriana Wister coral root

Corallorrhiza maculata Spotted coral root

Corallorrhiza odontorhiza Late coral root

Liparis liliifolia Lily twayblade

Aplectrum hyemale Puttyroot

DICOTS

Salicaceae

Populus deltoides Cottonwood

Populus grandidentata Largetooth aspen Salix nigra Blackwillow

Salix fragilis Brittle willow

Salix interior Longleaf willow

Salix discolor Large pussy-willow var. latifolia

Salix sericea Silky willow

Salix cordata Heartleaf willow

Juglandaceae

Juglans nigra Black walnut

Carya cordiformis Bitternut hickory

Cary a ovata Shagbark hickory

Carya laciniosa Bigleaf shagbark hickory

Carya tomentosa Mockernut

Carya glabra Pignut hickory

Carya ovalis Small-fruited hickory

Corylaceae

Carpinus carolinana Blue beech var. v^rg^n^ana

Os trya virginiana Hop-hornbeam

Ostrya virginiana American hop-hornbeam

Corylus americana American hazelnut

Fagaceae

Fagus grandifolia American beech

Quercus alba White oak

Quercus bicolor Willd Swamp white oak

Quercus Muhlenbergii Chinquapin oak Qitercus prinus Swamp chestnut oak

Overans macrocarpa Bur oak, mossycup oak

Queraus rubra R e d o a k

Querous velutina B l a c k o a k

Queraus Shumardii Shumard red oak

U l m a c e a e

Ulmus rubra Slippery elm, red elm

Ulmus ameriaana American elm

Celtia ocaidentalis Bigleaf hackberry var. crassifolia

M o r a c e a e

Morus rubra Red mulberry

Mo r n s a lba Russian mulberry var. tatarioa

Maalura pomifera Osage-orange

Cannabis sativa Common hemp

U r t i c a c e a e

Urtiaa prooera Tall nettle

Laportea canadensis Canada nettle

Pilea pumila C l e a r w e e d

Parietaria permsylvaniaa Pennsylvania pellitory

Santalaceae

Comandra Riahardsiana Richards bastard toadflax

A8arum oanadenee Canada wildinger

Aristoloahia Serpentaria Virginia snakeroot Polygonaceae

Polygonum aviculare Knotweed

Polygonum pennsylvanicum Pinkweed var. genuinum

Polygonum pennsylvanicum var. laevigatum Pinkweed

Polygonum lapathifolium

Polygonum hydropiper Water pepper var. projection

Polygonum punctatum Water smartweed

Polygonum Persicaria Lady's thumb

Polygonum virginianum Virginia knotweed

Polygonum scandens Climbing false buckwheat

Chenopodiaceae

Chenopodium ambrosioides Mexican tea

Chenopodium Bo trys Feather geranium

Chenopodium Berlandieri Southern white pigweed

Chenopodium Bushianum

Chenopodium Standleyanum

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus hybridus Slender green amaranth

Amaranthus blitoides Prostrate amaranth

Amaranthus graecizans Tumbleweed

Phytolaccaceae

Plytolacca americana Common pokeberry

Aizonaceae

Mollugo verticillata Carpet-weed Portulacaceae

Claytonia virginioa Virginia spring beauty

Caryophyllaceae

Stellaria pubera Great chickweed

Stellaria media Common chickweed

Cerastium nutans Nodding chickweed

Arenaria serpy Hi folia Thymeleaf sandwort

Arenaria lateriflora Bluntleaf sandwort

Paronyohis canadensis Smooth forked chickweed

Agrostemma Githago Corn cockle

Silene stellata Scabrous starry catchfly var. soabrella

Silene virginioa Fire pink

Saponaria officinalis Bouncing-bet

Ranunculaceae

Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal

Caltha palustris Marsh marigold

Actaea alba White baneberry

Cimicifuga racemosa Black cohosh

Aquilegia canadensis American columbine

Delphinum tricorne Rock larkspur

Anemone virginiana Tall anemone

Anemonella thalictroides Rue-anemone

Hepatica acutiloba Sharplobe hepatica

Clematis Vioma Leather flower Ranunculus abortivus Small-flower buttercup

Ranunculus sceleratus Cursed buttercup

Ranunculus reaurvatus Hooked buttercup

Ranunculus hispidus Bristly buttercup

Thalictrum revolution Waxy meadowrue

Berberipaceae

Podophyllum peltatum Common mayapple

Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue cohosh

Magnoliaceae

Liriodendron Tulipifera Tulip tree

Anonaceae

Asimina triloba Papaw

Lauraceae

Sassafras albidum White sassafras var. molle

Benzoin aestivale Spicebush

Papaveraceae

Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot

Stylopkorum diphyllum Celandine-poppy

Fumariaceae

Corydalis flavula Pale yellow corydalis

Cruciferae

Lepidium campestre Field peppergras

Lepidium virginicum Peppergrass

Brassica nigra Black mustard Barbarea vulgaris Bitter wintercress

Iodanthus pinnatifidus Purple rocket

Cardamine pennsylvanioa Pennsylvania bittercress

Cardamine parviflora Small-flower bittercress var. areniaola

Dentaria laoiniata Cut toothwort

Dentaria heterophylla Slender toothwort

Capsella Bursa-pastoris Shepard purse

Desourainia braahyaarpa

Arabis puanooarpa Hairy rockcress

Arabis laevigata Smooth rockcress

Capparidaceae

Polanisia graveolens Clammyweed

Crassulaceae

Sedun tematum Mountain stonecrop

Saxifragaceae

Heuakera anericana Rock geranium var. brevipetala

Mitella diphylla Bishopscap

Hydrangea arboresaens Smooth hydrangea

Grossulariaceae

Grossularia Cynosbati Pasture gooseberry

Hamamelidaceae

Hamamelis virginiana Common american witch-hazel

Liquidambar Styraoiflua Sweet gum Platanaceae

Platanus occidentalis American planetree

Rosaceae

Physocarpus opulifolius Common ninebark

Spiraea tomentosa Hardhack

Pyrus coronaria

Crataegus orus-galli Cockspur thorn

Crategus punctata Dotted haw

Rubus occidentalis Common blackcap raspberry

Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny blackberry

Rubus argutus Highbush blackberry

Fragaria virginiana Large Virginia strawberry var. illinoensis

Geum v e m u m Spring avens

Geum canadense White avens

Geum virginianum

Agrimonia rostellata

Agrimonia pubescens

Rosa rubiginosa Sweetbrier

Rosa Carolina Pasture rose

Primus americana American plum

Prunus serotina Black cherry

Leguminosae

Cercis canadensis Redbud Cassia fasciculata Large-flower sensitive-plant

Cassia hebecarpa Wild senna

Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust

Medieago lupulina Black medic

Melilotus alba White sweetclover

Melilotus officinalis Yellow sweetclover

Tri folium procumbens Low hop clover

Robinia Pseudo-Acacia Black locust

Astragalus canadensis Canada milkvetch

Desmodium nudiflorvm Naked-flower tickclover

Desmodium pauciflorum Few-flower tickclover

Desmodium acuminatum Pointed-leaf tickclover

Desmodium canescens Hoary tickclover

Desmodium viridiflorum Velvet-leaf tickclover

Lespedeza hirta Hairy bushclover

Lespedeza virginica Slender bushclover

Lespedeza intermedia Wandlike bushclover

Lespedeza violacea Bushclover

Lespedeza procumbens Trailing bushclover

Vida caroliniana Carolina vetch

Amphicarpa bracteata

Amphicarpa bracteata Pitcher's hog-peanut var. comosa

Strophostyles helvola Geraniaceae

Oxalis violaaea Violet wood sorrel

Oxalis grandis Great yellow wood sorrel 1

Oxalis europaea Pain d'oiseau

Oxalis europaea Pain d'oiseau

Linaceae

Linton virginianwn

Zygophyllaceae

Zanthoxylum americanum Northern prickly ash

Ptelea trifoliata Common hoptree

Polygalaceae

Polygala senega Seneca snakeroot

Poly gala sanguinea

Euphorbiaceae

Croton monanthogynus Prairie-tea

Aoalypha rhomboidea

Aaalypha rhoiriboidea var. Deamii Aoalypha virginiaa

Euphorbia maculata Nodding spurge

Euphorbia oorollata Flowering spurge

Euphorbia dentata

Euphorbia oommutata Wood-spurge

Callitrichaceae

Callitriohe Austini Anacardiaceae

Rhus aopallina Shining sumac

Rhus glabra Smooth sumac

Rhus radicans Poison ivy

Rhus aromatioa Fragrant sumac

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex verticillata Common winterberry

Celastraceae

Evonymus atropurpureus Wahoo

Evonymus obovatus Running evonymus

Celastrus saandens American bittersweet

Aceraceae

Acer negundo Boxelder

Acer negundo var. violaceum Boxelder

Acer saccharinum Silver maple

Acer rubmtn Red maple

Acer nigrum Black maple

Acer saacharum Sugar maple

Hippocastanaceae

Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye

Balsaminaceae

Impatiens beflora Spotted touch-me-not

Impatiens pallida Pale touch-me-not Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus lanaeolata Lance-leaf buckthorn

Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea

Vitaceae

Vitis labrusca Fox grape

Vitis aestivalis Summer grape

Vitis vulpina Frost grape

Vitis riparia Riverbank grape

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper

Tiliaceae

Tilia americana American linden, basswood

Tilia heterophylla White basswood

Malvaceae

Sida spinosa Prickly sida

Hypericaceae

Hypericum perforatum Common St. Johnswort

Hypericum punctatum

Violaceae

Hubanthus concolor Green violet

Viola triloba Three-lobed violet

Viola papilionacea Butterfly violet

Viola eriocarpa Stemmed yellow violet

Viola Kfcaibeliana Field pansy var. Raftnesqutz Viola striata Cream violet

Viola rostrata Longspur violet Passifloraceae

Passiflora lutea Yellow passionflower var. glabrifolia

Thymelaeaceae

Dirca palustris Leatherwood

Lythraceae

Cuphea petiolata Cuphea

Onagraceae

Oenothera pycnocarpa Evening primrose

Gaura biennis

Circaea latifolia Enchanter's nightshade

Araliaceae

Panax quinque folium American ginseng

Umbelliferae

Sanicula canadensis

Sanicula trifoliata

Chaerophyllum procumbens Chervil

Osnorhiza claytoni Sweet cicely

Osmorhiza longistylis Sweet anise

Zizia auvea Golden alexanders

Cicuta maculata Water hemlock

Cryptotaenia canadensis hornwort

Taenidia integerrima

Thaspiun trifoliation var. flavum Angelica atropurpurea Purplestem angelica

Pastinaca sativa Parsnip

Daucus carota Common carrot

Nyssaceae

Nyssa sylvatica Black gum var. caroliniana

Cornaceae

Comus flovida Flowering dogwood

Comus altemifolia Pagoda dogwood

Comus asperifolia Roughleaf dogwood

Ericaceae

Monotvopa uni flora Indian pipe

Vacciniun vacillans Dryland blueberry

Primulaceae

Lysimachia ciliata Fringed loosestripe

Lysimachia lanceolata

Lysimachia hybrida

Dodecatheon meadia Common shootingstar

Oleaceae

Fraxinus americana White ash

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash var. subintegerrima Fraxinus pennsylvanica Red ash

Fraxinus quadrangulata Blue ash

Fraxinus nigra Black ash Gentianaceae

Sdbatia angularia Rose-pink

Gentiana quinquefolia Stiff gentian var. occidentalis

Gentiana Saponaria Soapwort gentian

Frasera carolinensis American col umbo

Apocynaceae

Apocynum cannabinum Indian hemp var. pubescens

Apocynwn cannabinum var. glaberrimum Indian hemp

Asclepiadaceae

Asclepias tuberosa Butterflyweed

Asolepias incamata Swamp milkweed

Asclepias quadrifolia

Asclepias purpurascens Purple milkweed

Ampelamus albidus Bluevine

Convolvulaceae

Cuscuta Gronovii Gronovius dodder

Cuscuta Polygonorum Smartweed podder

Ipomoea pandurata Wild potato-vine var. rubescens

Ipomoea hederacea Ivyleaf morning-glory

Ipomoea purpurea Common morning-glory

Polemoniaceae

Phlox paniculata Garden phlox

Phlox divaricata Blue phlox

Polymonium reptans Creeping polemonium Hydrophyllaceae

Eydrophyllum appendiculatwn Appendaged waterleaf

Hydrophy l turn macrophyIlian Largeleaf waterleaf

Pkacelia bipinnatifida

Phacelia purshii Pursh phacelia

Boraginaceae

Cynoglossum officinale Common houndstongue

Cynoglossum virginianum Wild comfrey

Hackelia virginiana

Mertensia virginica Virginia bluebell

Lithospermum arvense Corn gromwell

Lithospermum latifoliian

Onosmodium hispidissimum False gromwell

Verbenaceae

Verbena urticaefolia White vervain

Verbena urticae folia var. leiocarpa White vervain

Verbena hastata Blue vervain

Phyla lanceolata

Labiatae

Teucrium canadense American germander

Teucrium canadense var. virginicum American germander

Isanthus brachiatus False pennyroyal

Scutellaria parvula

Scutellaria incana Scutellaria ovata

Agastache nepetoides Giant hyssop

Nepeta cataria Catnip

Glecoma hederacea Small-flower ground-ivy var. parviflora

Prunella vulgaris American selfheal var. lanceolata

Lamium anrplexicaule henbit

Stachys tenuifolia

Stachys Riddellii

Monarda fistulosa Hairy wild bergamot var. mollis

Blephilia oiliata

Blephilia hirsuta Wood-mint

Hedeoma pulegioides American pennyroyal

Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides

Pycnanthemum flexuosum Slender mountain-mint

Lycopus americanus American bugleweed

Mentha spicata spearmint

Mentha piperita peppermint

Mentha arvensis field mint

Collinsonia canadensis citronella horsebalm, stoneroot

Solanaceae

Physalis subglabrata Smooth groundcherry Physalis ambigua

Solanum carolinense Horse nettle Scrophulariaceae

Verbascum Thccpsus Mullein

Chaenorrhinum minus

Scrophularia marilandica Carpenter's square

Chelone glabra Balmony var. linifolia

Penstemon calycosus

Penstemon digitalis Foxglove penstemon

Mimulus ringens

Mimulus alatus

Gvatiolia negleota

Leucospora multifida

Veronica peregrina Purslane speedwell var. typica

Veronica arvensis Corn speedwell

Veronica glandifera Water-speedwell, brook-pimpernel,

Veronicostrum virginicum Culver's physic

Dasistoma macrophylla

Gerardia tenuifolia var. typica

Aureolaria flava Smooth false foxglove var. macrantha

Pediculosis canadensis Early woodbetony

Bignoniaceae

Catalpa bignonioides Common catalpa Orobanchaceae

Conopholis americana Cancer-root

Epifagus virginiana Beech drops

Acanthaceae

Ruellia strepens Smooth ruellia

Plantaginaceae

Phryma leptostaahya Lopseed

Plantago Rugelii Rugel plantain

Plantago aristata Bracted plantain

Plantago lanoeolata Buckhorn, English plantain

Plantago virginica Hoary plantain, Pale-seed plantain

Houstonia caerulea Bluets

Houstonia purpurea Mountain Houstonia

Rubiaceae

Cephalanthus oceidentalis Common buttonbush

Galium airoaezans Wild licorice var. hypomalaoum

Galium Aparine Cleavers

Galium triflorum Sweet-scented redstraw

Galium oonoinnum Pretty bedstraw

Caprifoliaceae

Sambuous canadensis American elder, elderberry

Viburnum acerifolium Mapleleaf viburnum

Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw

Viburnum pubescens Downy arrow-wood var. indianense Triosteum aurantiacum Wild-coffee var. illinoense Triosteum angustifolium Yellow-flower horse genetian

Valerianaceae

Valerianella intermedia

Valeriana pauaiflora Large-flower valerian

Dipsacaceae

Dipsacus sylvestris Common teasel

Cucurbitaceae

Echinocystis lobata Wild balsam-apple

Siayos angulatus

Campanulaceae

Campanula americana Tall bellflower

Lobeliaceae

Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower

Lobelia siphilitica Large blue lobelia

Lobelia inf lata Lobelia

Compositae

Veronia altissima Tall ironweed

Eupatorium purpureun Green-stem Joe-pye-weed

Eupatorium rugosum White snakeroot

Solidago bicolor White goldenrod

Solidago coesia Wreath goldenrod

Solidago latifolia Broadleaf goldenrod

Solidago canadensis Canada goldenrod var. gilvocanescens Solidago gigantea leiophylla

Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod

Solidago nemoralis Old-field goldenrod

Solidago gramini folia var. Nuttallii

Aster macrophyllus Bigleaf aster

Aster shortii Short's aster

Aster oordifolius Blue wood aster

Aster sagittifolius Arrow aster

Aster undulatus Wavyleaf aster

Aster novae-angliae New England aster

Aster prenanthoides Crooked-stem aster

Aster puniceus Purple-stem aster

Aster pilosus Heath aster

Erigeron canadensis Canada fleabane

Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia fleabane

Erigeron ramosus Narrowleaf whitetop

Antennaria neglecta Pussytoes

Antennaria fallax Pussytoes

Antennaria fallax Pussytoes var. calophylla

Gnaphalium obtusifolium Old-field balsam

Silphium perfoliatum Cup rosinweed

Silphium integrifolium Entire-leaf rosinwood

Heliopsis helianthoides Sunflower heliopsis Rudbeakia hirta Black-eyed susan

Rudbeckia laciniata Cutleaf coneflower

Rudbeckia triloba Brown-eyed susan

Ratibida pinnata Gray-head coneflower

Helianthus hirsutus

Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem artichoke

Aetinomeris altemi,folia Yellow ironweed

Verbesina helianthoides

Bidens oemva Nodding bur-marigold

Bidens comosa Beggar-ticks

Bidens bipinnata Spanish needles

Bidens coronata

Bidens vulgata Beggar-ticks, stick-tight

Helenium nudifiorum Purplehead sneezeweed

Dyssodia papposa Fetid marigold

Achillea millefolium Common yarrow

Chrysanthemum leuoanthemum Oxeye daisy var. pinnatifidum

Erechtites hieracifolia Fireweed

Cacalia atriplicifolia Pale indian-plantain

Senecio obovatus Roundleaf groundsel

Arctium minus Common burdock

Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle

Krigia biflora Sonchus oleraceus Common sow thistle

Lactuaa sccoriola Prickly lettuce

Lactuca saligna Willow-leaved lettuce

Lactuca canadensis var. typica

Lactuca canadensis var. latifolia

Lactuca canadensis var. integrifolia.

Prenanthes altissima

Hieracium Gronovii Gronovius hawkweed

Hieracium paniculatum

Hieracium scabrum

References:

Welch, Witt. 1957. Mosses of Indiana . The Bookwalter Co., Indianapolis, Ind., 478 p.

Deam, C. C. 1940. Flora of Indiana. Wm. B. Buford Printing Co., Indianapolis, Ind., 1235 p.

Deam, C. C. 1953. Trees of Indiana. The Bookwalter Co., Indianapolis, Inc., 330 p. MAMMALS POTENTIALLY OCCURRING IN THE BROOKVILLE LAKE AREA.

MARSUPIAL IA Didelphidae

Didelphis marsupialis Opossum

INSECTIVORA Soricidae

Blarina brevioauda Short-tailed shrew Cryptotis parva Least shrew Talpidae Soalopus aquatious Eastern mole

CHIROPTERA Vespertilionidae

Myotis luaifugus Little brown myotis Myotis keenii Keen's myotis Myotis sodalis Indiana myotis Lasionyoteris noctivagans Silver-haired bat Pipistrellus subflavus Eastern pipistrelle Eptesious fuscus Big brown bat Nyotioeius humeralis Evening bat Lasiurus borealis Red bat Lasiurus cinereus Hoary bat

LAGOMORPHA Leporidae

Sylvilagus flovidanus Eastern cottontail

RODENTIA Sciuridae

Soiurus carolinensis Gray squirrel Soiurus niger Fox squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Red squirrel Marmota monax Woodchuck Spemophilus tridecemlineatus■Thir teen-1ined ground squirrel Tamias striatus Eastern chipmunk Glauoomys volans Southern flying squirrel RODENTIA (contd)

Cricetidae Peromyscus manicuZatus Deer mouse Peromyscus Zeucopus White-footed mouse Synaptomys cooperi Lemming mouse Ondatra zibethicus Muskrat Miarotus pinetorum Pine vole Miarotus pennsyZvanicus Meadow vole Miarotus oahrogaster Prairie vole Rattus norvegicus Norway rat Mus rrrusculus House mouse Zapodidae Zapus hudsonius Meadow jumping mouse Napaeozapus insignis Woodland jumping mouse

CARNIVORA Canidae Canis Zatrans Coyote Vulpes fulva Red fox Uroayon oinereoargenteus Gray fox Procyonidae Proayon Zotor Raccoon Mustelidae MusteZa rixosa Least weasel MusteZa frenata Long-tailed weasel MusteZa vison Mink Taxidea taxus Badger Mephitis mephitis Striped skunk f SpiZogaZe putorius Eastern spotted skunk t Lutra canadensis River otter Felidae t FeZis conaoZor Mountain lion t Lynx rufus Bobcat

ARTIODACTYLA Cervidae t Cervus canadensis Wapiti OdocoiZeus virginianus White-tailed deer Bovidae t Bison bison Bison

t Indicates species which once occurred in the project area which are probably now non-existent.

Reference: Mumford, R.E., 1969. "Distribution of the Mammals of Indiana." In­ diana Academy of Science, Indianapolis. POTENTIAL LIST OF BIRDS SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE BROOKVILLE LAKE PROJECT. AREA. * DNUOR-RAEY TNEISNART RETNIW REMMUS

SPECIES

GAVIIFORMES

Gavia timer Common loon X Gavia stellata Red-throated loon X

PODICIPEDIFORMES

Podiceps grisegena Red-necked grebe X Podiaeps auritus Horned grebe X Podiceps nigricollis Eared grebe X Aeohmorphorus oaoidentalis Western grebe x Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed grebe X

PELECANIFORMES

t Peleccmus erythrorhynchos White pelican x Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested cormorant X

CICONIIFORMES

Ardea herodias Great blue heron X Butorides virescens Green heron X Florida caerulea Little blue heron x t Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret X Casmerodius albus Common egret X Leucophoyx thula Snowy egret * Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night heron X t Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned night heron X t Ixobrychus exilis Least bittern X t Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern X

ANSERIFORMES

Olor columbianus Whistling swan X Branta canadensis Canada goose x Chen caerulescens Snow goose X

YEAR-AROUND WINTER SUMMER SPECIES TRANSIENT*

ANSERIFORMES (contd)

Anas platyrhynchos Mallard X Anas rubripes Black duck X Anas strepera Gadwall X Anas acuta Pintail X Anas crecca Green-winged teal X Anas discors Blue-winged teal X Anas americana American widgeon X Anas clypeata Northern shoveler X Aix sponsa Wood duck X Ay thya americana Redhead X Ay thy a collaris Ring-necked duck X Ay thy a valisineria Canvasback X t Aythya marila Greater scaup X Aythya affinis Lesser scaup X Bucephala clangula Common goldeneye X Bucephala albeola Bufflehead X t Clangula hyemalis Oldsquaw X t Melanitta deglandi White-winged scoter X t Melanitta perspicillata Surf scoter X

FALCONI FORMES

Cathartes aura Turkey vulture X Coragyps atratus Black vulture X t Accipiter gentilis Goshawk X Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned hawk X Accipiter cooperii Cooper's hawk X Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed hawk X Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered hawk X Buteo platypterus Broad-winged hawk X t Buteo lagopus Rough-legged hawk X t Aquila chrysaetos Golden eagle X t Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagle X

SUMMER TRANSIENT * WINTER

SPECIES jYEAR-AROUND

FALCONIFORMES (contd)

Circus cyaneus Marsh hawk X + Pandion haliaetus Osprey X t Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon X Faico columbarius Merlin X Falco sparverius American kestrel X

GALLIFORMES

t Bonasa wribellus Ruffed grouse X

GRUIFORMES

t Grus canadensis Sandhill crane X + Eallus elegans King rail X Rallus limicola Virginia rail X Porzana Carolina Sora X t Gallinula chloropus Common gallinule X Fulica americana American coot X Charadrius semipalmatus Semipalmated plover X t Charadrius melodus Piping plover X Charadrius vociferus Kill deer X Pluvialis dominica American golden plover X Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied plover X Arenaria interpres Ruddy turnstone X Philohela minor American woodcock X Capella gallinago Conmon snipe X Bartramia longicauda Upland sandpiper X Actitis macularia Spotted sandpiper X Tringa solitaria Solitary sandpiper X Tringa malanoleuca Greater yell owlegs X Tringa flaoipes Lesser yell owlegs X t Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Willet X t Calidris canutus Red Knot X

YEAR-ROUND SUMMER WINTER SPECIES TRANSIENT *

GRUIFORMES (contd)

Calidris melanotos Pectoral sandpiper X Calidris fuscicollis White-rumped sandpiper X Calidris bairdii Baird's sandpiper X Calidris minutilla Least sandpiper X Calidris alpina Dunlin X Calidris pusilla Semipalmated sandpiper X Calidris mauri Western sandpiper X Calidris alba Sanderling X Lirmodi\ mus griseus Short-billed dowitcher X Micropalama himantopus Stilt sandpiper X Tryngites subruficollis Buff-breasted sandpiper X t Steganopus tricolor Wilson's phalarope X t Lobipes lobatus Northern phalarope X t Lams hyperboreus Glaucous gull X Lams argentatus Herring gull X Larus delauarensis Ring-billed gull X Lams pipixcan Franklin's gull X Larus Philadelphia Bonaparte's gull X Sterna for stern. Forster's tern X Sterna hirundo Common tern X t Sterna albifrons Least tern X Hydroprogne caspia Caspian tern X Chlidonias niger Black tern X

CUCULIFORMES

Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed cuckoo X Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed cuckoo X

STRIGIFORMES

Tyto alba Barn owl X Otus asio Screech owl X t Bubo virginianus Great horned owl X Strix varia Barred owl X Asio flarmeus Short-eared owl X t Aegolius acadicus Saw-whet owl X

YEAR-AROUND SUMMER SPECIES WINTER TRANSIENT*

CAPRIMULGIFORMES

Caprimulgus carolinensis Chuck-will's-widow X Caprimulgus voaiferus Whip-poor will X Chordeiles minor Common nighthawk X Chaetura pelagica Chimney swift X

APOD IFORMES

Archilochus colubris Ruby-throated hummingbird X

CORACIIFORMES

Megaceryle alcyon Belted kingfisher X

PICIFORMES

Colaptes auratus Common flicker X Dryocopus pileatus Pileated woodpecker X Centurus carolinus Red-bellied woodpecker X Melanerpes erythrocephalus Red-headed woodpecker X Sphyrapicus varius Yellow-bellied sapsucker X Dendrocopos villosus Hairy woodpecker X Dendroccpos pubescens Downy woodpecker X

PASSERIFORMES

Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern kingbird X Myiarchus crinitus Great crested flycatcher X Sayomis phoebe Eastern phoebe X Empidonax flaviventris Yellow-bellied flycatcher X Empidonax virescens Acadian flycatcher X Empidonax traillii Willow flycatcher X Empidonax minimus Least flycatcher X Nuttallomis borealis Olive-sided flycatcher X Eremophila alpestris Horned lark X Iridoprocne bicolor Tree swallow X Riparia riparia Bank swallow X Q * z * O2 Z*- q ; l u c t c c cc. i- « I LU U J CO o: i— s : 2= < z s < UJ >-> Z3 QC SPECIES > - 3 O O |—

PASSERIFORMES (contd)

Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Rough-winged swallow X Hirundo rustica Barn swallow X t Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cliff swallow X Progne subis Purple martin X Cyanoaitta cristata Blue jay X Corpus bvachyrhynchos Common crow X Parus carolinensis Carolina chickadee X Parus biaolov Tufted titmouse X Sitta carolinensis White-breasted nuthatch X Sitta canadensis Red-breasted nuthatch X Certhia familiavis Brown creeper X Troglodytes aedon House wren X Troglodytes troglodyes Winter wren X Thryomanes beuickii Bewick's wren X Thryothorus ludovicianus Carolina wren X Telnatodytes palustris Long-billed marsh wren X Cistothovus platensis Short-billed marsh wren X Mimus polyglottos Mockingbird X Dumetella carolinensis Gray catbird X Toxostoma rufum Brown thrasher X Turdus niigratorius American robin X Hylocichla mustelina Wood thrush X Catharus guttatus Hermit thrush X Catharus ustulatus Swainson's thrush X Catharus minimus Gray-cheeked thrush X t Catharus fescescens Yeery X Sialia sialis Eastern bluebird X Polioptila caevulea Blue-gray gnatcatcher X Regulus satrapa Golden-crowned kinglet X Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned kinglet X Anthus spinoletta Water pipit X Bombycilia cedrorum Cedar waxwing X Lanius ludivicianus Loggerhead shrike X Stumus vulgaris Starling X Vireo griseus White-eyed vireo X Vireo flavifrons Yellow-throated vireo X

YEAR-AROUND WINTER SUMMER SPECIES TRANSIENT*

PASSERIFORMES (contd)

Vireo solitarius Solitary vireo X Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed vireo X Vireo philadelphicus Philadelphia vireo X Vireo gilvus Warbling vireo X Mniotilta varia Black-and-white warbler X Protonotaria oitrea Prothonotary warbler X Helmitheros vermivorus Worm-eating warbler X Vermivora ohrysoptera Golden-winged warbler X Vermivora pinus Blue-winged warbler X Vermivora peregrina Tennessee warbler X t Vermivora oelata Orange-crowned warbler X Vermivora rufioapilla Nashville warbler X Parula ameriaana Parula warbler X Dendroioa petechia Yellow warbler X Dendroica magnolia Magnolia warbler X Dendroica tigrina Cape May warbler X t Dendroica caerulescens Black-throated blue warbler X Dendroica coronata Myrtle warbler X Dendroica virens Black-throated green warbler X Dendroica cerulea Cerulean warbler X Dendroica fusca Blackburnian warbler X Dendroica dominica Yellow-throated warbler X Dendroica pensylvanica Chestnut-sided warbler X Dendroica castanea Bay-breasted warbler X Dendi-oica striata Blackpoll warbler X Dendroica pinus Pine warbler X Dendroica discolor Prairie warbler X Dendroica palmarum Palm warbler X Seiurus aurocapillus Ovenbird X Seiurus noveboracensis Northern waterthrush X Seiurus motacilla Louisiana waterthrush X Oporomis formosus Kentucky warbler X Oporomis agilis Connecticut warbler X Oporomis Philadelphia Mourning warbler X Geothlypis trichas Common yellowthroat X Icteria virens Yellow-breasted chat X

YEAR-AROUND SUMMER WINTER ______SPECIES TRANSIENT *

PASSERIFORMES (contd)

lVilsonia citrina Hooded warbler X Wilsonia pusilla Wilson's warbler X Wilsonia canadensis Canada warbler X Setophaga ruticilla American redstart X Passer domesticus House sparrow X Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink X Stumella magna Eastern meadowlark X t Stumella neglecta Western meadowlark X Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged blackbird X Icterus spurius Orchard oriole X Icterus galbula Baltimore oriole X Euphagus carolinus Rusty blackbird X Euphagus cyanocephalus Brewer's blackbird X Quiscalus quiscula Common grackle X Molothrus ater Brown-headed cowbird X Firanga olivacea Scarlet tanager X Pirana rubra Summer tanager X Eichmondena cardinalis Cardinal X Pheucticus ludovicianus Rose-breasted grosbeak X Passerina cyanea Indigo bunting X Spiza americana Dickcissel X Hesperiphona vespertina Evening grosbeak X Carpodacus purpureus Purple finch X Spinus pinus Pine siskin X Spinus tristis American goldfinch X t Loxia curvircstra Red crossbill X t Loxia leucoptera White-winged crossbill X Pipilo erythrophthalmus Rufous-sided towhee X Passerculus sancfoichensis Savannah sparrow X Amrnodramts s a v a n n a n m Grasshopper sparrow X Ammodramus henslowii Henslow's sparrow X Pooecetes graimeus Vesper sparrow X t Chondestes grammacus Lark sparrow X t Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's sparrow X Junco hyemalis Slate-colored junco X Spizella arborea Tree sparrow X Spizella passerina Chipping sparrow X

YEAR-AROUND SUMMER WINTER SPECIES TRANSIENT *

PASSERIFORMES (contd)

Spizella pusilla Field sparrow X + Zonotrichia querula Harris' sparrow X Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned sparrow X Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated sparrow X Passerella iliaca Fox sparrow X Melospiza lincolnii Lincoln's sparrow X Metospiza georgiana Swamp sparrow X Melospiza melodia Song sparrow X t Calcarius lapponicus Lapland longspur X + Plectrophenax nivalis Snow bunting X

* "Transient" does not necessarily refer to migratory. t: Species of rare occurrence; does not_mean that species so indicated are necessarily rare and endangered.

References: Monroe, Burt L., Jr., 1973. "Bird of the Louisville Region", unpublished annotated list. Cope, James B., Personal communication. REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS POTENTIALLY OCCURRING IN THE BROOKVILLE LAKE AEEA

THE SALAMANDERS (Urodela) Cryptobranchidae

Cryptobranohus alleganiensis alleganiensis Hellbender

Proteidae

Neoturus maculosus maculosus Mudpuppy

Ambystomidae

Ambystoma jeffersonianum Jefferson salamander

Ambystoma platineum Silvery salamander

Ambystoma laterale Blue-spotted salamander

Ambystoma maoulatum Spotted salamander

Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum Eastern tiger salamander

Ambystoma opaoum Marbled salamander

Ambystoma texanum Small-mouth salamander

Salamandridae

Notophthalmus viridescens viridesoens Red-spotted newt

Notophthalmus viridesoens louisianensis Central newt

Plethodontidae

Desmognathus fusous fuscus Northern dusky salamander

Hemidactylium soutatum Four-toed salamander

Plethodon glutinosus glutinosus Slimy salamander

Plethodon oinereus oinereus Redbacked salamander

Plethodon riohmondi riahmondi Ravine salamander

Euryoea bislineata rivioola Two-lined salamander

Euryoea longioauda longicauda Long-tailed salamander Euryaea lucifuga Cave salamander

TOADS AND FROGS (Anura) Pelobatidae

Scaphiopus holbrookii holbrookii Eastern spadefoot

Bufonidae

Bufo americanus American toad

Bufo voodhousei fowleri Fowler's toad

Hyli dae

Acvis crepitans blanchardi Cricket frog

Pseudacris triseriata triseriata Western chorus frog

Hyla crucifer crucifer Spring peeper

Hyla versicolor versicolor Eastern gray treefrog

Ranidae

Rana clamitans melanota Green frog

Rana catesbeiana Bullfrog

Rana pipiens pipiens Northern leopard frog

Rana pipiens sphenocephala Southern leopard frog

Rana palustris Pickerel frog

Rana sylvatica sylvatica Wood frog

THE REPTILES (Chelonia) Chelydridae

Chelydra serpentina serpentina Corimon snapping turtle

Stemotherus odoratus Musk turtle Teirapene Carolina Carolina Eastern box turtle

Graptemy8 geographica Hap turtle

Graptemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica Midland sawback turtle

Chrysemye picta marginata Midland painted turtle Trionychidae

Trionyx epinifer spinifer Eastern spiny softshell

THE LIZARDS (Sauna) Iguanidae

Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus Northern fence lizard Teiidae

Cnemidophorua sexlineatus Sixlined racerunner Scincidae

Eumeces fa sc ia tu s Five-lined skink

thane oe a la ticep a Broad-headed skink

THE SNAKES (Serpentes) Natricidae

tlatrix 8ipedon sipedon Northern banded watersnake

Natrix eipedon pleuralis Midland banded watersnake

Regina septemvittata Queen snake

Clonophie kirtlandii Kirtland's snake

Storeria dekayi wrigktorum Midland brown snake

Thamnophi8 s i r t a l i s s i r t a l i s Eastern garter snake Tharmophia butleri Butler's garter snake Theirmophis sauritus septentrionalis Northern ribbon snake Colubridae

Coluber constrictor priapua Southern black racer Coluber constrictor flaoiventris Blue racer Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta Black rat snake Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum Eastern milk snake Opheodrys aestivus Rough green snake Diadophi8 punctatus eduardsi Northern ringneck snake Carphophis amoenus helenae Midwest worm snake Dipsadidae

Eeterodon platyrhinoe Eastern hognose snake Viperidae

Agkistrodon contortrix mokeson Northern copperhead

Sietruru8 catenatus catenatus Eastern massasauga Crotalus horridus horridus Timber rattlesnake

Reference: Minton, Sherman A., Jr., 1972. "Amphibians and Reptiles of Indiana." Indiana Academy of Sciences, Indianapolis. FISHES POTENTIALLY OCCURRING IN THE BROOKVILLE LAKE AREA.

Recorded By 1/

POLYODONITIDAE

Polyodon spathula P a d d l e f i s h ( U n l i k e l y )

LEPISOSTEIDAE

Lepisoateus osseus Longnose gar C

CLUPEIDAE

Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad A , D, E

CYPRINIDAE

Campostoma anomalum Stoneroller A, B, C, D, E Caras8iu3 auratus G o l d f i s h A Cyprinu8 carpio C a r p A , D, E Ericymba buccata Silverjaw minnow A , B, D, E Hybopsis arriblops Bigeye chub B, D Hybopsis biguttata Hornyhead chub A , D, E Hybopsis micropogon R i v e r c h u b Hybopsis storeriana Silver chub Chrosomus erytkrogaster S. redbelly dace A , D Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner C, D Notropis ardens Rosefin shiner A , B, D, E Notropis atherinoides Emerald shiner E Notropis boops Bigeye shiner A, E Notropis comutus Common shiner A, B, C, D, E Notropis deliciosus Sand shiner A , B , 0 Notropis photogenis Silver shiner Notropis rubellus Rosy face shiner Ay B, Dy E Notropis spilopterus Spot fin shiner A , B, D, E Notropis stramineus Sand shiner A , B, D, E Notropis wnbratilis Redfin shiner E Notropis volucelhts Mimic shiner Notropis wkipplei Steel col or shiner E Phenacobiu8 mirabilis Suckermouth minnow A, B, D Pimephales notatus Bluntnose minnow A, B, C, D, E Pimephales promelas Fathead minnow Rhin.ich.thy8 atratulus Western blacknose dace E Semotilus atromaculatus C r e e k c h u b A , B , D , E CATOSTOMIDAE

Carpi odes carpio River carpsucker E Carpiodes ayprinus Q u i 11 ba c k A, D, E Carpiodes forbesi Plains carpsucker E Carpi odes velifer Highfin carpsucker A . E Cato8tomu3 corniersoni White sucker A , B , D, E Hypentelium nigricans Northern hog sucker A, Bt C, Dy E Minytrema melanops Spotted sucker E Moxostoma a n i s u n m Silver redhorse A , D Moxostoma duquesnei Black redhorse Moxostoma erythrurum Golden redhorse A , B, D, E

ICTALURIDAE

Ictalurus melas Black bullhead A , B, D, E Ictalurus natalis Yellow bullhead Ay By Cy Dy E Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish A , C, D, E No turns flavus S t o n e c a t A , B , C, E Pylodictis olivaris Flathead catfish C, E

ANGUILLIDAE

Anguilla rostrata American eel C

CENTRARCHIDAE

Ambloplites rupestris R o c k b a s s Ay By Cy Dy E Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish A , C , D, E Lepomis macrochirus B l u e f i 11 A , D, E Lepomis megalotis longear sunfish A , C, D , E Micropterus dolomieui Smallmouth bass A, By Dy E Micropterus punctulatus Spotted bass E Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass A , D , E Pomoxis annularis White crappie A , C , E Pomoxis nigromaculatus Black crappie A , D, E

PERCIDAE

Aimocrypta asprella Crystal darter E Cycleptus elongata Blue sucker (R) C Etheo8toma blennioides Greenside darter A, By Cy Dy E Etheostoma caeruleum Rainbow darter A , B , D, E Etheostoma flabellare Fantail darter B, C, D, E Etheostoma nigrum Johnny darter B , C , D, E Etheostoma spectabile Orangethroat darter B, D, E Etheostoma varia turn Variegated darter By D Etheostoma zonale Banded darter B, C, D Perea flavescens Yellow perch D Percina caprodes L o g p e r c h A , C , D, E Percina maculata Blackside darter A , C , D Etizostedion canadense S a u g e r C Recorded By 1/

SCIAENIDAE

Aplodinotua grurmiens Freshwater drum C, E

COTTIDAE

Cottus bairdi Mottled soul pin A, B, C, D, E

GASTEROSTCIDAE

Culaea incontans Brook stickleback

UMBRIDAE

Umbra limi Central mudminnow A

GADIDAE

Lota Lota Burbot (one specimen A t a k e n )

REFERENCES:

a. Aderkas, Edward and McReynolds, H.E. A Study of Composition and Relative Abundance of Fish Populations of the East Fork of the Whitewater River.

b. Gerking, Shelby D. 1945. The distribution of the Fishes of Indiana. Invest. Ind. Lakes and Streams. Ind. Dept. Cons, and Ind. Univ., 3 (1): pp. 1-137.

c. Evermann, B.W. 1886. A List of Fishes Observed in the Vicinity of Brookville, Franklin County, Indiana. Bull. Brookville Soc. Nat. Hist. 1886: pp. 1-11.

d. Shoemaker, H.H. 1942. The Fishes of Wayne County, Indiana.. Invest. Ind. Lakes and Streams. Ind. Dept, of Cons, and Ind. Univ. 2 (14): pp. 268-296.

e. McGinty, David J., Brookville Reservoir Watershed Study, Indiana Department of Natural Resource, Division of Fish and Game, Aug. 1966.

Exhibit 32. Census of agriculture - acreage in farm land.

% o f A c r e s Average Size C o u n t y Total Acreage Number of Farms Land in Farms (Acres) i n F a r m s o f F a r m (1,000 Acres) 1 9 6 9 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 9 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 9 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 9 1 9 6 4

F a y e t t e 1 3 7 . 6 5 9 8 6 6 0 1 1 6 , 5 3 4 1 1 7 , 5 1 5 8 4 . 7 8 5 . 4 1 9 4 . 8 1 7 8 . 1

F r a n k l i n 2 5 2 . 2 1 , 1 5 3 1 , 3 4 9 1 8 5 , 2 2 5 2 0 8 , 1 9 5 7 3 . 5 8 2 . 5 1 6 0 . 6 1 5 4 . 3

U n i o n 1 0 7 . 5 4 1 2 4 5 7 9 4 , 6 7 3 9 3 , 4 0 0 8 8 . 1 8 6 . 8 2 2 9 . 7 2 0 4 . 4

W a y n e 2 5 9 . 1 1 , 1 9 3 1 , 271 1 9 9 , 7 1 5 2 1 3 , 8 8 5 77.1 8 2 . 5 1 6 7 . 4 1 6 8 . 3 Exhibit 33. Population and urban/rural land areas: 1970 and 1960.

County Land Area Total 1970 Populati on 1960 Population % Change in Sq. Mi. Number Per Sq. Urban Rural Total Urban Rural 1960 to 1970 1970 Mile Total % of Total Total Urban Rural Total

Fayette 215 26,216 121.9 17,604 67.1 8,612 24,454 17,698 6,756 7.2 -0.5 27.5

Franklin 394 16,943 43.0 3,194 18.9 13,749 17,015 2,596 14,419 -0.4 23.0 -4.7

Union 168 6,582 39.2 — — 6,582 6,457 — 6,457 1.9 — 1.9

Wayne 405 79,109 195.3 43,999 55.6 35,110 74,039 46,718 27,321 6.8 -5.8 28.5 Exhibit 34. Market value of all agricultural products sold by counties.

County Total Dollars Averaqe/Fann ($)

Fayette 8,796,827 14,710

Franklin 11,214,345 9,726

Union 9,734,554 23,627

Wayne 20,244,783 16,969 A LIST OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES FROM THE BROOKVILLE LAKE ARE\.

*Corn ♦Cats ♦Winter wheat Rye Barley Sorghum ♦Popcorn ♦Soybeans Alfalfa Clover and timothy Lespedeza (hay and seed) Other hays, (soybean, grain, millet, red top, etc.) Strawberry Red and alsike clover (seed) White corn ♦Swine ♦Beef, cattle and calves Dairy products Sheep and lambs Poultry and eggs Vegetables Greenhouse and nursery products Fruits and nuts

♦Major cash crops. ACRES HARVESTED AND PRODUCTION OF MAJOR AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN THE BROOKVILLE LAKE AREA.

CROPS

CORN SOYBEANS WHEAT OATS COUNTIES Acres1- Production^ Acres Production Acres Production Acres Production

Fayette 33.4 2,420.1 12.4 656.4 5.3 233.4 2.7 160.8

Franklin 39.6 2,869.3 9.4 296.6 8.7 304.1 3.2 129.2

Union 28.3 2,310.5 8.0 293.2 6.3 259.1 1.8 83.6

Wayne 55.3 4,176.2 27.9 852.1 7.8 320.8 5.2 273.0

Four counties (totals) 156.6 11,776.1 57.7 2,098.3 28.1 1,117.4 12.9 646.6

State (totals) 5,027.0 371,998.0 3,311.0 104,297.0 774.0 29,799.0 291.0 15,423.0

1 Acres in thousands. 2 Production in thousands of bushels. Exhibi137 . Census of livestock and poultry, March, 1970.

County Hogs Beef Cattle Dairy Cattle Chickens (doz.) Sheep Horses

Fayette 34,481 4,860 648 1,819 1,141 105

Franklin 31,436 6,201 3,195 3,978 1,730 156

Union 36,253 3,202 987 177 1,343 75

Wayne 36,556 6,669 4,575 3,935 2,292 426

Reference: Indiana Crop and Livestock Statistics, Annual Livestock Summary, 1971. U.S.D.A. Exhibit 38. Volume of saw timber by species or group and county.

SAW TIMBER VOLUME (million board feet)

COUNTIES LAYETTE FRANKLIN UNION WAYNE

White oaks 8.5 29.2 5.5 7.6

Red oaks 8.3 27.2 5.4 11.9

Hickories 3.4 .3.3 2.7 3.6

Hard maples 4.6 18.0 2.8 4.6

Soft maples 2.5 6.4 1.6 1.8

Beeches 3.8 10.6 2.5 2.3

Ashes 1.3 5.9 1.2 4.3

Cottonwoods .5 .9 .7 2.3

Yellow poplars 3.4 8.5 1.6 2.1

Sycamores .3 1.1 .6 2.9

Other hardwoods 3.5 10.7 2.8 9.4

Softwoods — — — .2

All species 40.1 131.8 27.4 53.0 Exhibit 39. Net volume of growing stock by species or group and county.

GROWING STOCK VOLUME (million cubic feet)

SPECIES OR GROUP LAYETTE FRANKLIN UNION . WAYNE

White oaks 2.3 8.3 1.5 2.0

Red oaks 2.2 7.7 1.6 3.1

Hickories 1.1 4.7 .8 1.4

Hard maples 1.9 7.1 1.1 1.4

Soft maples .7 2.0 .5 .8

Beeches .1 3.1 .8 .6

Ashes .8 2.4 .5 1.6

Cottonwoods .1 .3 .2 .6

Yellow poplars .8 2.0 .3 .6

Sycamores .1 .4 .2 .8

Other hardwoods 1.7 4.4 1.3 3.8

Softwoods — .1 — .1

All species 12.7 42.5 8.8 16.8 Exhibit40. Selected social characteristics: 1970 Census.

Counties

Fayette Franklin Union Wayne

Total Population 26,216 16,943 6,582 79,109

Native of Native Parents 25,715 16,583 6,519 76,506

Native of Foreign or Mixed Parents 416 347 49 2,081

Born in State of Residence 19,154 12,047 4,419 53,347

Percent Residing in State of Birth 73.4 71.2 67.3 67.9

Born in Different State 6,284 4,398 1,933 22,683

Percent of Total 24.1 26.0 29.4 28.8

Foreign Born 85 13 14 522

Percent Foreign Born 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.7

Residence in 1965 Same House 12,100 9,635 3,150 36,561 Exhibit 41. Selected social stability characteristics: 1970 Census.

Counties Population % Change 1960 to '70 % Mai rried Hous eholds Persons/ Male Female Number % Change Household 1960 - '70

Fayette 26,216 7.2 71.5 65.6 8,308 12.4 3.14

Franklin 16,943 -0.4 66.4 62.7 4,886 8.2 3.41

Union 6,582 1.9 71.9 67.1 2,098 9.0 3.12

Wayne 79,109 6.8 69.5 62.6 25,243 13.1 3.04 Exhibit 42. Selected housing characteristics: 1970 Census.

Fayette Franklin Union Wayne

Total population 26,216 16,943 6,852 79,109

Total housing units 8,750 5,222 2,247 26,633

Lacking some or all plumbing facilities 766 1,099 236 1,694

Owner occupied: Total 5,793 3,701 1,526 17,357 Median value in dollars 12,000 12,000 10,500 13,700

Renter occupied: Total 2,515 1,185 572 7,886 Lacking some or all plumbing facilities 323 309 74 754 Median contract rent ($) 69 59 65 74

Vacant for sale only or for rent 309 144 59 904 Exhibit 43. Educational characteristics; 1970 Census,

Counties

Fayette Franklin Union Wayne

School Enrollment: Total enrolled 3-34 yrs. old 6,864 4,832 1,746 21,804

Percent enrolled 3-34 yrs. old 50.3 53.4 51.0 53.2

Years of School Completed: Number male 25 yrs. old and over 6,743 4,232 1,713 20,294

Median school yrs. completed 11.2 9.4 11.4 12.0

Percent high school graduates 44.4 31.7 46.2 50.9

Number female 25 yrs. old and over 7,429 4,545 1,863 23,356

Median school yrs. completed 11.5 10.5 12.1 12.0

Percent high school graduates 46.3 38.5 54.6 51.6

Persons 14 to 17 yrs. - percent in school 94.8 96.9 87.2 91.6 Exhibit 44. Selected economic characteristics: 1970 Census.

Counties

Fayette Franklin Union Wayne

All workers 9,907 5,725 2,615 31,219 Worked in county of residence 8,308 2,725 1,007 26,965 Percent of all workers 85.7 48.7 39.3 87.6 Percent in manufacturing 50.1 42.2 30.6 39.0 Percent in white collar occupations 34.5 26.0 31.7 42.2 Percent government workers 9.9 9.8 12.3 11.2 Civilian labor force - percent unemployed 8.0 4.6 5.7 4.4

Professional, technical and kindred workers 988 494 185 3,859 Managers and administrators, except farm 647 272 180 2,251 Sales workers 517 203 142 2,072 Clerical and kindred workers 1,265 521 322 5,005 Craftsmen, foremen and kindred workers 1,345 726 404 4,590 Operatives, except transport 2,936 1,629 471 5,891 Transport equipment operatives 313 243 130 1,116 Laborers, except farm 353 309 72 1,289 Farmers and farm managers 330 664 278 628 Service workers, except private household 952 2,333 290 3,729 Private household workers 158 63 64 438

Family incomes Median income (dollars) 8,763 8,099 9,020 9,737 Percent w/income of $15,000 or more 14.4 11.9 18.1 17.1 Percent w/income less than poverty level 8.5 10.4 8.5 7.7 Exhibit 45. Employment by Industrial categories.

Cateqory Fayette Franklin Union Wayne

INDUSTRY: (Total employed, 16 years and over). 9,907 5,725 2,615 31,219

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries 440 816 373 1,190 Mining 14 15 4 66 Construction 379 395 168 1,250 Manufacturing 4,967 2,414 799 12,166 Furniture & lumber & wood products 84 230 11 629 Metal industries 1,077 177 167 4,042 Machinery, except electrical 470 257 136 3,424 Electrical machinery, eqp. & supplies 2,530 449 198 723 Transportation equipment 257 181 88 833 Other durable goods 359 420 45 1,285 Food and kindred products 5 46 46 185 Textiles and fabricated textile products 16 149 9 219 Printing, publishing and allied industries 94 52 — 376 Chemicals and allied products 21 57 35 126 Other nondurable goods (incl. not specified mfg. Indus,.) 54 396 64 324 Railroads and railway express service 15 13 17 311 Trucking service and warehousing 77 86 55 301 Other transportation 33 30 — 117 Corrmuni cations 147 24 29 249 Utilities and sanitary services 141 39 30 503 Wholesale trade 126 133 29 1,005 Food, bakery and dairy stores 250 89 88 728 Eating and drinking places 228 171 65 1,022 General merchandise retailing 205 36 38 980 Motor vehicle retailing & service stations 226 164 77 753 Other retail trade 414 190 130 1,673 Banking and credit agencies 118 34 28 513 Insurance, real estate and other finance 105 58 52 608 Cateqory Fayette Franklin Union Wayne INDUSTRY (contd)

Business and repair services 172 85 34 645 Private households 164 63 41 420 Other personal services 297 125 105 942 Entertainment and recreation services 60 9 15 148 Hospitals 206 82 70 1,187 Health services, except hospitals 136 45 32 622 Elementary, secondary schools & colleges/govt. 479 240 121 1,220 Elementary, secondary schools & colleges/private 70 86 54 803 Other education and kindred services 15 13 11 68 Welfare, religious and nonprofit membership orgs. 97 58 16 487 Legal, engineering, and misc. professional services 78 64 28 376 Public administration 248 148 106 866

LAST OCCUPATION OF EXPERIENCED UNEMPLOYED: (16 years old and over) MALES 349 146 62 706 Professional, technical and managerial workers 16 15 81 Sales workers 9 — — • • • 10 Clerical and kindred workers 6 11 21 Craftsmen, foremen and kindred workers 46 29 5 154 Operatives, including transport 192 61 9 245 Laborers, except farm 51 14 14 138 Farm workers 12 11 9 13 Service workers, including private household 18 10 14 33

FEMALES 451 101 82 651 Professional, technical, and managerial workers 19 5 5 35 Sales workers 27 10 68 Clerical and kindred workers 67 9 28 126 Cateqory Fayette Franklin Union Wayne

LAST OCCUPATION OF EXPERIENCED UNEMPLOYED: - FEMALES (contd) ~ Operatives, including transport 240 61 22 223 Other blue-collar workers 10 — 12 31 Farm workers — 4 — — Service workers, except private household 83 22 — 118 Private household workers 5 — — 21 Exhibit 46. Income and poverty status in 1969 .

Counties

FaveLtte Franklin Union Wayne

Income of Families and Unrelated Individuals All families 6,949 4,136 1,761 20,395 Median income $8,763 $8,099 $9,020 $9,737 Per capita income of persons $2,975 $2,366 $2,939 $3,174

Type of Income of Families All families 6,949 4,136 1,761 20,395 With wage or salary income 6,069 3,416 1,519 18,067 Mean wage or salary income $9,260 $7,988 $8,483 $9,850 With nonfarm self-employment income 702 644 340 2,202 Mean nonfarm self-employment income $5,592 $5,131 $6,122 $7,066 With farm self-employment income 624 1,033 495 1,225 Mean farm self-employment income $3,143 $3,120 $4,001 $7,425 With Social Security income 1,346 955 329 3,795 Mean Social Security income $1,574 $1,550 $1,544 $1,719 With public assistance or public welfare income 256 111 48 629 Mean public assistance or public welfare income $953 $767 -- $997 With other income 2,269 1,433 574 7,233 Mean other income $2,712 $1,223 $1,743 $2,380

Income Less Than Poverty Level Families 589 432 150 1,579 Percent of all families 8.5 10.4 8.5 7.7 Mean family income $2,073 $1,937 $2,177 $1,791 SUMMARY OF GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES, CITIZENS AND CONSERVATION INTERESTS OF BROOKVILLE RESERVOIR

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

24 Aug. 1973 Ice, Miller, Donadio & Ryan, Attorneys L Lack of EIS for project.

17 Aug. 1973 Mr. Oral Hert, Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board L Sewage treatment at project.

7 Aug. 1973 Indiana Department of Natural Resources M Sewage treatment at Brookville.

20 Jul. 1973 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Request for lease on Brookville groundwater.

5 Jul. 1973 Prof. Warren Stubbins, Department of Physics, L Recreation development. University of Cincinnati

3 Jul. 1973 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife L Pipeline plans.

17 May, 1973 General Telephone Company of Indiana L Economic benefits of project.

30 Apr. 1973 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Road relocation.

24 Apr. 1973 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Water source for recreational facility.

16 Apr. 1973 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Water source for recreational facility.

10 Apr. 1973 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Recreation development.

30 Mar. 1973 Mr. Pence, The Hamiltonian, Butler County newspaper H Impact of project on County.

16 Feb. 1973 Congressman Walter Powell L Watershed plan.

19 Feb. 1973 J. R. Jacobs, Favatte-Union County REMC L Purchase and siting electric line substation. . _,e 2 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

8 Dec. 1972 Robert J. Seppala, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and L Design Memorandum (Public Wildlife Use) furnished.

19 Dec. 1972 General Telephone Company of Indiana L Socio-economic impact of project.

3 Oct. 1972 Whitewater Valley Flood Control Association L Ribbon cutting ceremony, Fairfield.

19 Sep. 1972 Congressman William Bray L Alternate recreation plan.

8 Sep. 1972 David A. Herbst, President, Richmond Recreational L Project index map furnished. Club

23 Aug. 1972 Mike Zimmema, General Accounting Office L Site plan furnished.

17 Jul. 1972 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Sewage lagoon on project.

12 Jul. 1972 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Project access roads, etc.

23 Jun. 1972 Franklin Bridenhager, for the Town of Liberty L Sewage lagoon.

12 May, 1972 Archaeological Investigations - National Park Service L Archaeological surveys of project si to.

28 Mar. 1972 Bob Martin, Historic Hoosier Hills L Invitation to seminar.

14 Feb. 1972 Clyde Kassens L Recreation faci 1 i lics/power line siting.

29 Jan. 1972 J. R. Jacobs, Fayette-Union County REMC L Utilities information.

28 Jan. 1972 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Recreati on/campground con- struction. Page 3 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

1 Nov. 1971 Union County Board of Commissi oners L Lease portion of property.

5 Oct. 1971 Brookville Chamber of Commerce M Rachel Doane, speaker.

4 Aug. 1971 O'Connor and Stewart, Attorneys L Water supply.

8 Jun. 1971 Senator Taft L Whitewater watershed plan.

10 Mar. 1971 Mr. Ellis, Ricnmond Area Chamber of Commerce L Project maps furnished.

8 Mar. 1971 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Recreation, road relocation.

23 Feb. 1971 Public Meeting in Brookville M "Brookville Lake - Its Impact In Our Area".

17 Feb. 1971 Albert Brown, Union County auditor L Dunlapsville covered bridge.

28 Jan. 1971 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Project status/recreation information.

21 Jan. 1971 John Johnston L Archaeologic probing.

23 Dec. 1970 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Site plans furnished.

21 Dec. 1970 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Property lease by Treaty Line Museum.

15 Dec. 1970 Union County Commissioner L Museum property line.

20 Nov. 1970 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Recreation plans.

13 Nov. 1970 Colonel Miles Ucebendorf L Maps and data sheets furnishe

23 Sep. 1970 Treaty Line Museum L Property lease. Page 4 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

29 Dec. 1969 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Project information.

18 Dec. 1969 Dr. John Colter, National Parks Service L Archaeology. (Archaeological research)

18 Dec. 1969 John Johnston L Referred to National Parte Service.

12 Dec. 1969 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Property acquisition.

19 Jun. 1969 Senator Vance Hartke L Acquisition/recreation plai

14 Jun. 1969 Mrs. Floyd Howard, Union County Historical Society L Dunlapsville covered bridge relocation.

5 Jun. 1969 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Scenic drive.

23 May, 1969 Union County Historical Society L Dunlapsville covered bridge

16 May, 1969 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Acquisition plans/scenic dr

10 May, 1369 Hoosier Energy L Maps furnished/power line sit ing/relocation.

23 Apr. 1959 Gulf Refining Company L Pipeline valve protection.

4 Apr. 1959 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Timber clearing on project site.

3 Apr. 1969 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Land acquisition.

3 Mar. 1969 Soil Conservation Service L Storage utilization.

28 Feb. 1969 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L State leasing.

21 Feb. 1963 Brookville Reservoir Community Coordinating Committee M Page 5 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

20 Jan. 1969 Dan Meyer, C. C. Fletcher Mtg. Co. L Project status.

11 Jan. 1969 Sims Cemetery Association M

13 Dec. 1968 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Contract bids.

14 Nov. 1968 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Property acquisition.

2 Nov. 1968 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Map furnished.

31 Oct. 1968 Chamber of Commerce M

27 Oct. 1968 Indiana State Library L Report furnished.

5 Oct. 1968 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Fairfield relocation.

5 Oct. 1968 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Land acquisition.

4 Oct. 1968 David Barrett L Fairfield relocation.

24 Sep. 1968 7ane Mead L Covered bridge relocation.

23 Sep. 1968 Congressman David Dennis L Project status.

19 Sep. 1968 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Project status/State particip tion.

18 Sep. 1968 James Shepard, Attorney to Senator Hartke L Sims Cemetery Rcloration.

15 Sep. 1968 Senator Birch Bayh L Road relocation.

12 Sep. 1968 Miami University L Environmental research center

29 Aug. 1968 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Project status. I ,.e 6 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

27 Aug. 1968 James Cope, Earlham College L Large sycamore.

9 Aug. 1968 John Layden, Soil Conservation Service L Project data (flood control).

31 Jul. 1968 Richard Fain L Archaeological investigations on si te.

29 Jul. 1968 Federal Water Power Control Association L Maps, data sheets, furnished.

27 Jul. 1968 Indiana Department of Natural Resources M Scenic overlook.

16 Jul. 1968 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Timber clearance.

15 Jul. 1968 Brookville Reservoir Community Coordinating Committee M

3 Jul. 1968 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Contract bidding.

24 Jun. 1968 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Property acquisition.

13 Jun. 1968 Midwestern Engineers, Inc. L Recreation information.

25 May, 1968 Earlham College, President L Project site space for environ mental center.

20 May, 1968 Brookville Reservoir Community Coordinating Committee M

6 May, 1968 Memo L Details of tree moving/reloca- tion recommended against.

17 Apr. 1968 Charles T. Felkner, Franklin County Park and L Large sycamore. Recreation Board

1 Apr. 1968 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Recreation planning.

18 Mar. 1968 Brookville Reservoir Community Coordinating Committee M Page 7 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

9 Mar. 1968 Thomas O'Conner M Recreation/road relocation.

7 Mar. 1968 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Leasing of project lands.

9 Feb. 1968 Public Service of Indiana L Pumped storage.

5 Feb. 1968 Clyde Hibbs, Natural Resources Program, Ball State L Map furnished.

5 Jan. 1968 Federal Power Commission L Project information.

11 Dec. 1967 Professor Harry Carlson L Maps furnished.

23 Jun. 1967 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Land acquisition.

21 Jun. 1957 Brcokville Reservoir Community Coordinating Committee M

14 Jun. 1967 David Barrett, Attorney, Fairfield, Inc. L Land acquisition.

7 Jun. 1967 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Road relocation.

24 May, 1967 Fairfield Relocation groups, Coordinating committee, M State of Indiana Department of Natural Resources 9

4 May, 1967 Indiana Department of Natural Resources M Recreational plan.

3 May, 1967 R. E. Meesham Realty Company L Commercial concuss loir, at completed site.

26 Apr. 1,967 Scruggs and Hammond (landscape architects) L Recreation master plan.

21 Apr. 1967 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Contract furnished.

19 Apr. 1967 Brockville Reservoir Community Coordinating Committee M £ ; 8 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

18 Apr. 1967 Fairfield Redevelopment, Inc. L Road relocation.

17 Jan. 1967 Fairfield Redevelopment, Inc. County Commissioners M Plans for New Fairfield.

16 Nov. 1966 George E. Howell, Richmond Sailing Club L Recreation plan.

3 Oct. 1966 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Building relocation.

27 Sep. 1966 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Management residences.

26 Sep. 1966 James Shepard, Union County School Corporation lawyer L Sale of Dunlapsville school.

15 Sep. 1966 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Cemetery relocation.

14 Sep. 1966 Merle Tiede, Federal Housing Authority L Road relocations.

23 Aug. 1966 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Economic impact of project.

22 Aug. 1966 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Boat launching facilities.

29 Jul. 1966 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Road relocation.

18 Jul. 1966 Fayette County Board of Commissioners L Public access/rocrcation faci­ lities.

18 Apr. 1966 Ambrose Banning, Fairfield Redevelopment, Inc. L Road relocation.

29 Dec. 1965 Thomas O'Connor L Property acquisition.

6 Dec. 1965 Soil Conservation Service L Real estate acquisition.

23 Nov. 1965 Congressman Richard Roudebush L Land acquisition.

23 Mov. 1955 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Information on project. Page 9 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

8 Oct. 1965 Local residents, Town of Fairfield M Relocation.

7 Oct. 1965 Local residents. Town of Fairfield M Relocation.

22 Sep. 1965 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Maps furnished.

17 Sep. 1965 Indiana Department of Natural Resources L Land acquisition plans.

10 Sep. 1965 Bureau of Outdoor Recreation L Public access sites.

8 Sep. 1965 Congressman Lee Hamilton L Project information.

8 Sep. 1965 Congressman Richard Roudebush L Project information.

3 Sep. 1965 Bureau of Outdoor Recreation L Recreation potential.

5 Aug. 1965 Senator Patrick McNamara, Senate Committee on Public L Project status. Works 5 Aug. 1965 Congressman George Fallon, House Conni ttee on Di

19 Jul. 1965 Congressman Richard Roudebush L Water resource developments.

9 Jul. 1965 Frank Robinson and John Robinson (Richmond) M Stream erosion.

23 Jun. 1965 Senator Birch Bayh L Project status.

9 Jun. 1965 Professor Thomas Barton L Project financing.

17 May, 1965 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Comission L Acquisition of easements.

5 May, 1965 John Mitchell, Indiana Flood Control and Water Re- L Water supply. sources Commission Page 10 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

22 Apr. 1965 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife L Recreation access.

13 Apr. 1965 Cincinnati Department of Public Works L Maps furnished.

15 Mar. 1965 John Mitchell, Indiana Department of Conservation L Site clearing.

1 Mar. 1965 Soil Conservation Service; Indiana Flood Control and M Water Resources Commission; Indiana Department of Conservation; Whitewater Valley Citizen's Committee

20 Feb. 1965 Soil and Water Conservation; Union County L Information.

17 Feb. 1965 Fish and Wildlife Service L Information.

16 Feb. 1965 Brookville Reservoir Community Coordinating Committee M

13 Feb. 1965 Locally sponsored meeting M Public information.

9 Feb. 1965 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife L Road relocations.

6 Feb. 1965 Fish and Wildlife Service L Comments on report draft.

21 Jan. 1965 Bureau of Environmental Sanitation; Indiana State Board L Outlet levels of reservoir. of Health

10 Dec. 1964 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission L Water supply.

8 Dec. 1964 Brookville Reservoir Community Coordinating Committee M Water supply/recrcation.

19 Nov. 1964 Wabash Valley Association L Timber clearing. Page 11 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

16 Nov. 1964 Whitewater Valley Citizen's Committee L Map furnished.

10 Nov. 1964 Brookville Reservoir Community Coordinating Committee M

5 Nov. 1964 Bureau of Sport Fisheries L Engineering data.

30 Sep. 1964 Public Service Corporation of Indiana L Data furnished.

14 Sep. 1964 Fish and Wildlife Service L Timber clearing.

25 Aug. 1964 Chamber of Commerce, Brookville L Data furnished.

19 Aug. 1964 Ed Hall, Container Corporation M Timber clearing.

28 May, 1964 Public Service Corporation M. Pumped storage.

25 May, 1964 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission L Water storage/supply.

21 May, 1964 National Park Service L Advising of construction.

22 Apr. 1964 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission L Flood reduction figures.

16 Mar. 1964 Union County Soil and Water Conservation District L Information.

20 Feb. 1964 Union County Soil and Water Conservation District L Information.

6 Feb. 1964 Whitewater Valley Watershed Association L Opposition.

27 Feb. 1964 Roger Smith (Attorney) Fairfield Relocations L Fairfield relocation.

31 Dec. 1963 Senator Hartke L Boating facilities.

5 Dec. 1963 Soil Conservation Service M Alternatives. Page 12 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* ...... MEETING TOPIC

11 Oct. 1963 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service L Fish and wildlife values.

3 Oct. 1963 Bureau of Environmental Sanitary; Indiana State Board L Vector control. of Health

13 Sep. 1963 Whitewater Valley Flood Control Association — Petition endorsing project.

22-23 Aug. 1963 Whitewater Valley Flood Control Association M

16 Aug. 1963 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission L Use of reservoir for water supply.

16 Aug. 1963 Town of Brookville L Use of reservoir for water storage.

31 Jul. 1963 Honorable Clarence Cannon, Chairman, Appropriations L Evaluation of project opposi­ Committee, House of Representatives tion from Corps' point of view.

13 Jun. 1953 Senator Vance Hartke L Project status.

27 May, 1963 Wabash Valley Interstate Conmittee L Petitions against reservoir - 1,023 signatures.

22 May, 1963 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Conmittee M Meeting with State conserva­ tionist defining proje approach.

21 May, 1963 Congressional Subcommittee Hearings M Petitions of opposition pre­ sented.

10 May, 1963 Congressman Donald Bruce L Alternatives to the project.

8 Apr. 1953 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service L Engineering/rcal estate. . jS 13 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC

8 Apr. 1963 Fish and Wildlife Service L Engineering forms furnished.

12 Mar. 1963 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission L Approval of project.

6 Mar. 1963 Sims Cemetery, Incorporated L New road into cemetery.

5 Mar. 1963 Public Meeting - City of Fairfield, town citizens; M Public information. Representatives from Salamonie reservoir

1 Mar. 1963 Mrs. Bige Asher L Property acquisition.

11 Feb. 1963 Congressman Wilson L Information.

24 Jan. 1963 Mrs. Bige Asher L Information advising of futui public meeting.

15 Oct. 1962 Phillip L. Burns, Inc., Consulting Engineers L Data furnished.

4 Oct. 1962 Town of Brookville M Public meeting.

4 Oct. 1962 Honorable Vance Hartke L Data furnished.

14 Sep. 1962 Floyd Burroughs, Principal, Pittsboro Schools L Data furnished.

15 Aug. 1962 Honorable Earl Wilson L Funding.

18 Jul. 1962 Fish and Wildlife Service L Engineering information.

10 Jul. 1962 John Mitchell, Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources L Cost of water storage. Commissicn

8 Jul. 1962 Whitewater Valley Citizen's Committee; Whitewater Valley M Meeting with Corps of Enginee Flood Control Association Payje 14 - Summary of Governmental Agencies

LETTER OR DATE COORDINATION WITH* MEETING TOPIC *

9 Jul. 1962 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Association L Water storage.

29 May, 1962 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Association L Endorsing project.

28 May, 1962 Filing of application with Federal Power Commission;Publ1c ---- Petition filing. Service Company of Indiana

22 May, 1962 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Association; M Endorsing project. Soil Conservation Service

12 Apr. 1962 B. D. Drennan, General Telephone Company of Indiana L Status of project.

12 Apr. 1962 Honorable Matthew Welsh, Governor of Indiana L Project status/endorsement.

11 Apr. 1962 Senator Vance Hartke L Project status.

27 Mar. 1962 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission L Funding.

23 Mar. 1962 Senator Homer Capeheart L Endorsement/fundi ng.

5 Mar. 1962 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife L Endorsement of project/wiId- life surveys.

23 Feb. 1962 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission L Request for project appraisal

14 Feb. 1962 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife L Request for evaluation.

11 Feb. 1962 Senator Bayh L From delegation opposing pro­ ject.

5 Dec. 1961 National Park Service L Recreational studies.

30 Oct. 1551 Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Association L Endorsement. United States Departm ent of the Interior

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY NORTH CENTRAL REGION 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60605 NOV 14 1973

Col. Charles J. Fiala District Engineer U. S. Army Engineer District LouisviIle P.0. Box 59 Louisville, Kentucky 40201

Dear Col. Fiala:

The Department of the Interior has reviewed the Draft Environmental Impact Statement on Brookv?Ile Lake, East Fork of Whitewater River, Indiana, as requested in the transmittal letter of October 10, 1973, to our Assistant Secretary— Program Policy. Our comments which are of both a general and specific nature have been prepared in accordance with the National Environ­ mental Policy Act of 1969 (P.L. 91-190).

Existing or proposed units of the National Park System will not be adversely affected by the proposal and the statement is adequate from the standpoint of general recreation, exclusive of fish and wildlife resources. However, the final statement should contain evidence that the State Historic Preser­ vation Officer (Mr. Joseph D. Cloud, Director, Department of Natural Resources, 615 State Office Building, Indianapolis, Indiana 42504) has been consulted to determine whether the project will have a direct or indirect impact on any historic, archeological, or aesthetic resource.

The following comments are more of a specific nature and relate primarily to fish and wildlife resources:

I. Project Description:

This section does not indicate.,that after being relocated^a pipeline of the Gulf Refining Company will cross Brookvllle Lake (northwest to southeast near the middle of the pool). Although the potential for a pipeline break and resulting spill mey be remote, this possibility requires a discussion or explanation. 2. Environmental Setting Without the Project:

f. Biological Environment

(3) Wildlife

This section suggests that upland wildlife species with a preference for open fields, field border, and woodlot mix did not exist prior to the original disturbance caused by settlers (this conclusion does not include the ring-necked pheasant which was introduced). In fact, the clearing for agriculture only Improved their habitats and they were able to exist in greater numbers afterward. We suggest the sub­ stitution of the following sentence for the last sentence of the first paragraph on page 16: ’’These species were able to occupy in greater numbers an area in which they formerly found few niches."

(4) Stream Fauna

The State of Indiana, Division of Fish and Wildlife, has a more recent stream survey than that presented in Exhibit 30.

(7) Effect on Rare and Endangered Species

This entire discussion is conjectural. No inventory work was done to determine the presence or absence of the species discussed.

3. Environmental Impact of the Proposed Action:

a. General

Missing from this discussion is an assessment of the impact on the area around the reservoir exclusive of the shoreline and protected downstream floodplain. Real estate development probably will increase for as far as ten miles from the reservoir. Land prices already are rising and commercial development Is occurring along major roadways near the project.

c. Losses due to conversion of site to a lake

A statement is made on page 27 regarding a lesser degree of impact on avian species due to their mobility. This is not generally true. Birds require territories, nest sites, food sources and cover. Crowding of those individuals forced from existing habitat by construction activity and inundation will cause strife, reduce reproduction, and increase predator mortality similar to that caused to mammal populations. The statement made to the effect that the value of the stream fishing is low (limited use) is contested elsewhere by state­ ments indicating that use is low due to poor access to the stream. There is a need to stress the loss of the smallmouth bass fishery referred to on page 16; and no mention is made of the loss of 18 or more miles of canoeing water which is increasing in popularity on this stream. Also missing from this section is information regarding the probable adverse impact on naiads.

4. Unavoidable Adverse Effects on the Environment:

Discussion of the impact or adverse effect of the project on the surrounding area should be included. This is one of the most significant effects on the physical environment and is currently unavoidable due to inadequate land use controls.

5. Alternatives to the Proposed Action:

This section should be expanded to include a more extensive discussion of each of the four alternatives suggested as well as their environmental impacts. It also should include discussion of other non-structural alter­ natives such as the development of a green belt river corridor.

Exhibits:

There appears to be a decimal point error in the presentation of data on dissolved oxygen in Exhibit 17: Water Quality Data, East Fork of Whitewater River, Abington, Indiana.

Sincerely,

Madonna F. McGrath Staff Assistant to the Secretary UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION V 1 NORTH WACKER DRIVE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60606

MOV 23 1573

Colonel Charles J. Fiala, District Engineer U.S. Army Engineer District, Louisville Post Office Box 59 Louisville, Kentucky 40201

Dear Colonel Fiala:

In response to your letter of October 1, 1973, we have completed our review of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for Brookville Lake, located on the East Fork Whitewater River, Indiana. Our comments have been classified as Category ER-2. Specifically, this means we have some environmental reservations concerning water quality and we believe more information should be provided in the EIS to fully assess the environmental impact of the project. This classification and the date of our comments will be published in the Federal Register in accordance with our responsibility to inform the public of our views on Federal actions under Section 309 of the Clean Air Act.

We appreciate the opportunity to review this Draft EIS and we thank your staff for assisting us in our field review on October 29, 1973. Questions on the attached specific comments should be directed to Mr. Gary Williams of my staff.

Sincerely yours,

Prancis T. Mayo Regional Administrator EPA COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR BROOKVILLE RESERVOIR

Construction of Brookville Reservoir began in November, 1965. At this time the outlet works contract was awarded and several utility relocations were initiated. In August, 1967, the first of several road relocation contracts was awarded. The major single construction effort, the dam and spillway works, began in April, 1970. Work on the recreational facilities began in November, 1972, and in July, 1973, clearing of the pool was started. Impoundment is expected to begin January of 1974. Because the project is nearing completion, the direction of our comments is limited primarily towards environmental considerations that can be addressed at this stage of the project.

Water Quality

During our recent site visit, large areas of soil, above the seasonal pool were exposed. While many of these areas were probably subject to further construction activity, temporary erosion and sediment control measures should have been utilized. For the remaining construction activity we feel that the use of temporary diversions, slope drains, flow barriers, and sediment traps should be required in appropriate locations.

Nutrient concentrations for the East Fork Whitewater River are relatively high. By impounding this stream, turbidity will decrease, increasing light penetration, resulting in increased algal growth. This algal growth could increase sufficiently to become a nuisance. Bathing, boating and water-skiing may be impaired. Fish kills from supersaturation of oxygen as well as depletion of oxygen are possible. The effect of flushing on nutrient concentrations discussed in the EIS assumes that "flushing" in terms of water volume is equivalent to "flushing" in terms of nutrients. We disagree with this approach since other factors should be taken into consideration such as evaporation, the production and decomposition of algae and associate organisms, the accumulation and decomposition of debris, and characteristics of releases during periods of stratification.

The water quality of the impoundment in Whitewater State Park which is in or adjacent to the project's boundaries should be discussed, particularly with regard to algal concentrations and coliform counts. We understand that swimming was prohibited this past summer as a result of high coliform counts. If coliform counts will be high at Brookville, recreational activities will be adversely affected. A thorough discussion of Brookville's suitability to maintain adequate water quality to permit body contact recreation should be provided.

If rough fish are present in the impoundment at Whitewater State Park, fish control measures may be planned to protect Brookville Reservoir from rough fish. Any control methods planned should be discussed. The sewage treatment facility planned for the Mounds Recreational Area refers to a capacity of 15,000 gallons per day. According to our files the sewage treatment plant will consist of a 56,000 gallon per day facility. The calculations used to express phosphorus concentrations should be revised to reflect the appropriate volume of wastewater effluent. The discussion of phosphorus concentrations assumes complete mixing. During summer periods with lake stratification complete mixing will not occur. The EIS should be revised to reflect this situation and discuss the effects of the effluent on water quality. Also, the EIS should discuss when and where the sewage treatment plant effluent will be discharged after May 1, 1976, since the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board approved the facility under the conditions that the effluent would not be discharged into Brookville Reservoir after that date.

If recreational use will preceed completion of the treatment facility, temporary sanitary facilities should be made available. The EIS should discuss plans for temporary facilities and disposal methods.

Carlyle Reservoir in Illinois is subject to very rough water conditions in moderate to heavy winds with subsequent severe shoreline erosion. Brookville Reservoirs' relatively long and narrow, North-South configura­ tion with steep banks could make the shoreline susceptible to similar erosion problems. The EIS should discuss the likelihood of this happening and present a plan to deal with the problem.

Roseburg Road crosses the upper end of the reservoir. It consists of an embankment and a bridge span. Debris, particularly during periods of high runoff will probably accumulate along stagnant areas adjacent to the causeway. This situation could also occur adjacent to the other road crossing the reservoir. The EIS should describe measures to discourage debris accumulation in these areas, and discuss debris removal and disposal. Also these areas may encourage stagnate water which could promote unsightly algal blooms. Since a swimming area is planned south of Roseburg Road the problem of stagnation and debris accumulation should be avoided. We recommend the installation of a culvert through the embankment to prevent stagnation and promote flow.

The EIS recognizes that impounding the stream will result in higher concentrations of iron and manganese. Since the reservoir is being con­ structed to provide water supply in addition to other benefits, the EIS should discuss the effect high concentrations of iron and manganese will have on water supply such as increased treatment costs, discoloration, and deposits in pipelines and filter plants. Also the reaction of manganese with orthotolidine gives a color and therefore a false chlorine residual which will require the use of an alternate method to test for chlorine.

Since the water quality of Brookville Reservoir appears to be favorable for the development of algal growths, the EIS should recognize that taste and odor problems may adversely affect water supply. During the summer it is expected that the hypolimnion will not meet fish and wildlife or water supply standards. Whenever a main gate discharge is necessary during summer stratification anaerobic water from the hypo­ limnion will be released downstream. Depending upon the amount of dilution, downstream dissolved oxygen concentrations could reach critical levels which would adversely affect the downstream fishery. The EIS should attempt to estimate the resultant dissolved oxygen concentrations in the tailwater during periods when main gate releases are necessary. The EIS should also utilize the reservoir regulation studies coveming the past 30 years to indicate the frequency of main gate releases that would be involved in the operation of the project during summer stratifi­ cation.

It is expected that a sizeable portion of the minimum release will be from ground water seeping beneath the dam from the reservoir. Since this will be a sizeable portion of the minimum release the EIS should address the expected water quality of this seepage and the resultant quality of water below the dam. Measures which could be incorporated into the project to maintain an adequate quality of water from reservoir releases during minimum releases and main gate releases should be discussed in detail.

We recommend that the water quality be monitored below the impoundment. The data could be used to improve the operation of the reservoir for downstream water quality.

Solid Waste

The EIS should describe the disposal of solid waste from recreational areas and debris from the log boom. The location and description of disposal sites should be indicated.

General Comments

New water quality standards (Regulation SPC 1R-3) were adopted by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board on July 17, 1973, Federally approved August 9, 1973, and effective August 21, 1973. The EIS should refer to these standards and discuss the impact these new standards will have on the project.

Since water supply is a major benefit of the project, we feel that an appropriate discussion should be provided concerning potential users, intakes, and distribution facilities. Also, the EIS should describe the quality and quantity of ground water and discuss this source as an alterna­ tive to water supply. Also if the water supply storage is utilized, recreation could be adversely affected due to water level fluctuations. This impact should be discussed in the EIS.

According to the description of the reservoir operation, the pool would be lowered during September to provide additional flood storage. Since Autumn is relative!, dry and mild and recreational use will probably continue at least through the month of October, consideration should be given to delaying this drawdown to extend normal recreational use. If an October or November drawdown cannot be provided, the EIS should discuss the rationale based on the reservoir regulation studies over the past 30 years.

During our site visit, clearing had been completed and numerous brush piles were located throughout the area to be inundated. If these brush piles have not yet been burned, we recommend that burning be avoided by anchoring the piles in the areas subject to inundation to be used as fish attractors.

One environmental impact which should be acknowledged is the loss of agricultural land due to inundation. The EIS should compare total agricul­ tural production with the project, taking into consideration losses from reservoir inundation to total agricultural production without the project.

Flood control is one of the major benefits of the project. The EIS should indicate the major beneficiaries of this flood control. Since Brookville Reservoir is being constructed, downstream flood plain developments may occur. Since this project will not completely relieve downstream areas from flooding it seems conceivable that if Brookville Reservoir encourages downstream flood plain development, damages from flooding could increase rather than decrease. The EIS should discuss measures which have been used in conjunction with this project to control flood plain development. OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE W ashington, D.C. 20230

November 16, 1973

Colonel Charles J. Fiala District Engineer Louisville District, Corps of Engineers P.0. Box 59 Louisville, Kentucky 40201

Dear Colonel Fiala:

The draft environmental impact statement for Brookville Lake, East Fork Whitewater River, Indiana, which accom­ panied your letter of October 1, 1973, has been received by the Department of Commerce for review and comment.

The statement has been reviewed and the following comments are offered for your consideration.

2. Environmental Setting Without the Project

f. Biological Environment

4. Stream Fauna

Page 16. This subsection should be expanded to more fully describe the river and provide information on benthos, aquatic vegetation, and stream bottom conditions. With regard to the fish populations, mention should be made of the 1962 report by Edward Aderkas and H.E. McReynolds, "A Study of Composition and Relative Abundance of Fish Popu­ lations of the East Fork of the Whitewater River, Final Report F-4-R-9, Work Plan 1, Job N," Indiana Department of Natural Resources. 3. Environmental Impact of the Proposed Action

c. Losses due to conversion of site to a lake

Page 27, On page 16 in the "Stream Fauna" subsection, this area of the East Fork of the Whitewater River is said to be high quality smallmouth bass water. This fact should be acknowledged here, since high quality stream fisheries are at a premium in southeastern Indiana.

Although the present utilization of the river by fishermen is low, the major reason for this lack of utilization, as indicated on page 16, is access difficulty. If access were improved to the same extent as that planned for the project, undoubtedly there would be an attendant increase in man-days of fishing effort expended. Therefore, we suggest that the last sentence on page 27 referring to the low value and limited use of the present fishery be deleted.

Finally, the loss of opportunity for canoeing on the stretch of river to be inundated should be mentioned.

d. Environmental Characteristics

Page 28. The factors listed in this section dealing with the lake as a nutrient trap (page 29), summer stratification and hypolimnetic oxygen reduction (agricultural runoff, domestic sewage, page 30), and previous study on Whitewater Lake, Union County, Indiana, indicate to us that the adverse effects mentioned in the third paragraph on page 30 will prove more of a problem to effective sport fishery management than indicated. The fishery use may well decrease with time, as it has on Whitewater Lake, making modification of the man-days of fishing effort necessary. These problems should be more fully dis­ cussed.

e. Changes Upstream and Downstream

Page 34. Information on the specific changes due to the modifi­ cation of the flow conditions downstream should be included. On pages 1 and 2 of the draft environmental impact statement, the controlled releases are listed as 50 cfs at levels of 748 feet and below, and as 100 cfs when the reservoir level is above 748 feet msl. Because Exhibit 2 lists the seasonal pool elevation as 748 feet, it would appear that the reservoir will be at or below that level the majority of the year. Page 12 indicates that the mean flow of the river during a 17-year period was 390 cfs. Since the minimum 50 cfs controlled release is 340 cfs below the mean flow, it would appear that this reduction could cause a more significant and definable change than noted in the draft statement. Clarifi­ cation of this point would be desirable.

4. Unavoidable Adverse Effects on the Environment

Page 35. The statement in this section dealing with altera­ tion to the downstream flow regime (third paragraph), and the following statement regarding the overall beneficial nature of these changes should be more specific. Our comments with regard to Section 3(e) are also applicable here.

5. Alternatives to the Proposed Action

Page 36. This section should provide additional information on the environmental impact of the listed alternatives. Without such information, it is impossible to make an accurate assess­ ment of the environmental benefits and costs of the project versus those of the alternatives. Secondly, even though the project is partially constructed, the "sum of the irretrievable costs incurred in construction to date, suspension of contracts and destruction and disposal costs" must be weighed against environmental costs, risks, and benefits associated with each alternative. A rigorous exploration and objective evaluation of the environmental benefits, costs, and risks of each reasonable alternative should be attempted, particularly in view of the fact that for 10 of the 13 project components listed in Exhibit 6, construction began in 1970 following passage of the National Environmental Policy Act.

Thank you for giving us an opportunity to provide these comments, which we hope will be of assistance to you. We would appreciate receiving a copy of che final statement. Sincerely,

Sidney R.' Galler Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environmental Affairs DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MAILING ADDRESS: UNITED STATES COAST GUARD WASHINGTON. D C. 20590 p h o n e : (202) 426-2262

1 S NOV 1973

Colonel C. J. Fiala Louisville District, Corps of Engineers P. O. Box 59 Louisville, Kentucky 40201

Dear Colonel Fiala:

This is in response to your letter of 1 October 1973 addressed to Admiral Bender concerning the draft environmental impact statement for the Brookville Lake Project, East Fork, Whitewater River, Franklin County, Indiana.

The concerned operating administrations and staff of the Department of Transportation have reviewed the material submitted. The Federal Highway Administration, Region 5, Homewood, Illinois, had the following comments:

"The Corps is apparently preparing the EIS to satisfy NE P A requirements for a project that began m a n y years ago and is now almost complete. This action will have an effect on the reconstruction on S. R. 44, the only highway relocation resulting from the Brookville Lake impoundment that will involve Federal-aid highway funds. The reason for this is the ISHC is improving both the alignment and grade of the approaches to the river crossing including correction of a slide area on the west approach. These added improvements are beyond the scope of the Corps’ participation; however, they are justified improvements that are eligible for Federal-aid highway funding.

"During the development of plans for the reconstruction of this segment of S.R. 44, it has been our position that the Corps was lead agency and their responsibility to satisfy N E P A requirements. The only contract on this segment let to date has been for the new bridge, Project F-353(4). The contract was awarded in June, 1973 and is 35 percent complete. The PS & E for the approaches have not been submitted to date.

"In light of the fact an EIS is now being processed by the Corps the road contract will not be authorized for Federal highway funding until such time the Corps has filed a final EIS. W e will have to be notified by the Corps when the final is accepted. "If for so m e reason the Corps elects to abandon the project, we will also need to be notified so the State can follow our procedures to satisfy NE P A requirements.

"The statement's discussion of the environmental impacts of the road relocations is considered to be satisfactory. "

The Department of Transportation has no further comments to offer nor do we have any objection to the project. However, the concern of the Federal Highway Administration should be addressed in the final environmental impact statement.

TTie opportunity to review this draft statement is appreciated.

Sincerely,

r. , -.

CSjVlUy tJti.il ihiXvi vJ Envirar.rnzr.t 3.-i Systems By direction of the Commandant U nited S tates D e pa r tm en t o f A g r ic u ltu re

Fo r e s t S ervice NORTHEASTERN AREA. STATE AND PRIVATE FORESTRY 6B16 Market S t r e e t . U p p e r Da r by . P a . 19DS2 TELEPHONE (2191 982-9800 November 6, 1973

Col. Charles J. Fiala District Engineer Louisville District, Corps of Engineers Department of the Army P.O. Box 59 Louisville, Kentucky 40201

Dear Col. Fiala:

In response to your letter of October 1, we have reviewed the Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Brookville Lake, East Fork, Whitewater River, Indiana Project.

The environmental impacts on land and water resources should be at a minimum if the procedures outlined in Exhibit 7 are followed. Provision for control of off­ road vehicles likely should be included in plans for maintenance after completion of the project. (See Page 3, par. 4, main body of statement.)

We have another incidental comment regarding the unavoida­ ble impacts from vehicluar traffic (Page 35). Access roads and recreation areas are mentioned in Exhibit 9, but no details are included on adequacy of design to accommodate the vehicle influx. Since emission of pollu­ tants generally is greater when vehicles are idling or when intermittent slowing and acceleration, consideration of road and recreation design to eliminate "stop and go" traffic appears desirable.

We appreciate the opportunity to review and comment on the draft.

Sincerely,

ROBERT D. RAISCH Director UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE Atkinson SQ-W, Suite 2200, 5610 Crawfordsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46224

November 9, 1973

Colonel Charles J. Fiala District Engineer U.S. Corps of Engineers (ORLPD-R) P.0. Box 59 Louisville, Kentucky 40201

Dear Colonel Fiala:

We have reviewed the Draft Environmental Statement for Brookville Lake, East Fork Whitewater River, Indiana, and offer the following comments for your consideration.

Some of the information about the Soil Conservation Service work plan for the East Fork of Whitewater River Watershed included in the environ­ mental impact statement (first paragraph on page 5) is incorrect. The works of improvement are stated to be 27 miles of multiple-purpose channel modification and 10 floodwater retarding structures. The correct works of improvement, as stated in the plan submitted to Congress, are 19.6 miles of multiple-purpose channel; six floodwater retarding structures (five multiple-purpose and one single-purpose); 47 small reservoirs as special land treatment structures, and 10.3 miles of stream corridor development for public recreation. Also, an incorrect conclusion has been drawn in the interpretation of the plan (paragraph 7 of page 23). The last sentence of the paragraph states, "Recreation and flood control benefits would result, but a£ the expense of natural stream and riparian wildlife habitat." By changing the word "as" to "at", the sentence could be made grammatically correct; however, the sentence would still be tech­ nically incorrect. The mitigating measures will reduce unavoidable damage to the most practicable extent and the stream corridor development for public recreation included in the plan will enhance the natural stream and riparian wildlife.

Additional assessment is needed on the impact of the project in relation to the loss of agricultural land. The last paragraph on page 35 points out that the most serious socio-economic impact of the project is disloca­ tion of the valley population and loss of productive agricultural land. Exhibit 2 indicates that 17,025 acres of land are acquired in fee; however, no mention is made of the present agricultural land used by type or amount. The statement says (page 26), "Much of the 5,260 acres which will be inun­ dated by the seasonal pool was productive farmland which will no longer have direct economic value, nor contribute foodstuffs to the general market." Other than the above statement, there is no meaningful documentation of the economic loss, benefit, or nature of the land directly affected by the project. Additional clarification needs to be included in the statement on the effect of the project on agricultural drainage. It is indicated (page 32) that a severe summer storm could cause release of poor quality anaerobic water from the bottom of the reservoir. This would, in turn, affect downstream withdrawals of water supply from the stream because of high iron and manganese concentrations. Also, clear water releases are acknowledged (page 33) to accelerate streambank erosion. However, the statement does not Indicate whether downstream drainage will be affected by near bank full releases for a prolonged period. Further, the project has 34 miles of road to be relocated. There is no indication that bridges and other water control structures will be located so that adjacent lands are not flooded or other­ wise restricted in use.

The statement does not address itself to the affect of the project on existing conservation systems such as terraces, surface and subsurface drainage. There should be an indication that such systems will be protected and kept functional.

The listing of local and citizen groups from which comments were requested (page b) does not include the Whitewater Valley Conservancy District. This omission is of major consequence since this conservancy district is legally responsible for carrying out works of improvement on the East Fork of Whitewater River Watershed project.

It is also noted that the Soil Conservation Service (page 56) is incorrectly shown as an agency in the U.S. Department of Interior instead of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Thank you for the opportunity to review this statement. I trust you will find these comments useful in the preparation of the final environmental statement for the Brookville Lake Project.

Sincerely,

Cletus J. Gillman State Conservationist HISTORIC HOOSIER HILLS

RESOURCE CONSERVATION an D DEVELOPMENT PROJECT P. 0. aOX 40/ VERSAILLES, INDIANA 47042

October 30» 1973

FRANU.IN , Charles J. Piala Colonel, Corps of Engineers District Engineer P. 0. Box 59 Louisville, Kentucky U0201

Dear Colonel Piala: 'Earp.o r n CINCIHh We are happy to have an opportunity to review the draft environmental , impact statement for the Brookville Lake. Ve are in concurrence yith the statement as to the overall environmental effects are concerned. There are two areas that ve would like to com­ ment on, hovever. OHIO Historic Hoosier Hills is listed as a Metropolitan Clearinghouse. Actually, ve. are not a clearinghouse but are a Resource Conservation and Development Project. This is a multi-county effort of local people in an effort to wisely use and develop the natural and human resources: losfN Southeastern Indiana. -r i’ lo i' Also our Woodland Resource Committee was concerned that only 60 days was given to remove the timber from within the reservoir area. This committee would like'"to see more time given in future projects so that this resource could be totally utilized.

Thanks again for the opportunity to review and comment.

Sincerely,

Judith Eaton ‘— ^ Chairman Historic Hoosier Hills Executive Council O r r i C E S o r O C o n n o r & S t e w a r t At t o r n e y s a t L a w

P. O. BOX 73

THOMAS J. O’CONNOR BROOKVILLE, INDIANA 47012 5 0 9 MAIN S T R E E T E U G E N E A. S T E W A R T TEL.<3I7) 6A7-AIS9

October 15, 1973

Colonel Charles J. Fiala Department of the Army Louisville District Corps of Engineers P. O. Bcsc 59 Louisville, Ky. 40201

ATTN: CRLPD-R

RE: Environmental Inpact Statement, Draft Erookville, LaJ;e Franklin County, Indiana. ORLPD-R

Dear Colonel Fiala,

I am in receipt of the draft of the Environmental Inpact Statement prepared by the Corps of Engineers, and find same to be accurate as to the matters within ry knowledge. Speaking for rryself and the Erookville Area Chamber of C c m e r c e , I would like to see as large an area as possible be set aside for a wildlife preserve, and it appears that special emphasis has been placed upon this. We would also like to see the level of the lake maintained as stable as possible, flood period excepted, and we note that the Corps has estimated the winter pool to be only 8 feet less than tlie seasonal pool. Vte feel that this is an important factor to be considered in utilizing the lake to be a recreational facility.

Seme concern was voiced in regard to the lake as a sediment trap, and we would request that upstream flood retardents be developed to prevent such sedimentation.

Very truly yours,

O'CONNOR & STEWART

Eugene A. Stewart, Attorney at Law THE PALLADIUM-ITEM ESTABLISHED JANUARY I, 18)1 P«bftsb«

Richmond, Intliina 47374

October 5» 1973 Col. Charles J. Flala Corps of Engineers P. 0. Pox 59 L o u isv ille , Ky. I4.0 2 0 I Dear S irs We have read with interest the Draft Environmental Impact Statement, dated Oct. 1, 1973» concerning Frookville Lake, near Richmond. I t has ample, h elpfu l fa c ts and seems to give expansive coverage to the biologist's viewpoint of changes that nay be noted in the lake area. The lists of trees, birds, animals, fish and reptiles are impressive. Perhaps you have corrected the error on Page 19, third paragraph, mentioning treaty o f nT. Wayne". It also appears to us that the last paragraph on Page 3*4-» Is too skimpy in noting "heavy traffic and associated effects." We would like to see more mention about how commercial projects, i. e. motels, service stations, eating places and marinas, will scar the land and change the environment. Where will they be located? Where w ill be the la n d f ills and sewage d isp o sal p lan ts? We would like to see more maps and rules sbout the zoning for homes, cottages and other construction. Won't these affect the lake area? We would lik e to see maps and fa c ts about the improvement of Indiana l£j., west of Liberty in U^ion Covinty. We would like to see more about roads that will be inproved to handle the anticipated rush of boat trailers, campers, cycles and other recreational v eh icles. This newspaper would lik e to know, for example, what plans have been developed to provide access to the east and west sides of the lake. Plans of county and state highway engineers will affect the environment of the area. What county roads will be made dust-free? If any additional material Is available, we would appreciate seeing a copy. Sjnoerelv,^

PauIF. InS®l*' Managing Editor WHITEWATER VALIEV COMSERVAHCY DIS1KIC1______Floyd E. Howord, Executive Secretory 3Q3 Souf(, A Street RICHMOND. INDIANA 47374 DIRECTORS:

Ttioma . J. Wi 1 gt't November 15, 1973 Cl,. Rot f'rt l ” te V»c c-C Rot r mon Don m.-nr.u- Colonel Charles J. Fiala S c "'3'> U. S. Army Corps of Engineers F , n a n c i o I Clerk LOUlSVllle DlStTlCt Doiigla>. C, D ickey P. 0. BOX 59 p hrrt i Kurkei Louisville, Kentucky 40201 Rcl-rt N. t-clf Sir:

This is in response to your request that the Whitewater Valley Conservancy District comment on the draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Brookville Lake.

It is noted that the planned watershed protection project which is cosponsored by the Conservancy District is not properly described. The following excerpt from the En­ vironmental Statement for the East Fork of the Whitewater River Watershed project gives a brief summary of the project as it is now considered: Description of Action: A watershed project to be constructed under the provisions of Public Law 83-566 by Sponsoring Local Organizations with federal assistance. Land treatment on over 91,000 acres with 47 special land treatment measures, three multiple purpose structures for flood prevention and public recreation with associated recreational facilities, two multiple purpose structures for flood prevention and municipal water supply, one single purpose floodwater retarding structure, 10.3 miles of stream environmental corridor development, and 19.6 miles of multiple purpose channel improvement for flood prevention and drainage project measures included in the plan. About 3,364 acres of land will be set aside and used for some public benefit. Areas affected by the project are Wayne, Union, Randolph, Fayette and Franklin Counties, Indiana, and Darke and Preble Counties, Ohio.

The project is locally sponsored by the Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Union, Fayette, Wayne, Franklin and Randolph Counties in Indiana; and Darke and Preble Coun­ ties in Ohio. Also the Whitewater Valley Conservancy District, The Darke and Preble County Commissioners and the Jefferson Township Park District. The project will be built under the control of local sponsors with the financial and technical assistance of the Soil Conservation Service.

Reference is made to the affect of agricultural runoff on the quality of water in the Lake. This is recognized to be a serious problem by the Conservancy District and the Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Presently the only favorable influences avail­ able are through improved cultural practices and conservation practices which land- owners will voluntarily install. The retention dams proposed in the watershed project will have a significant ability to catch soil and nutrient runoff before it reaches the lake. This will have a favorable effect. In order to increase the application of conservation treatment on the watershed, money to cost share with landowners is badly needed. Effective control regulations to reduce flagrant land abuses which increase water pollution are not now available.

The lake is stated to serve as a sediment trap from the East Fork Watershed. The sediment to be carried into the lake will not all come from agricultural! land. Ma­ terials washed from construction areas and streambank erosion are important sources of sediment.

The cities and towns and certain areas around the Lake are expected to rapidly de­ velop.

The Conservancy District is concerned that means be found to control construction sediment. Effective methods of streambank erosion control are not well known and certainly not being used. The tremendous cost of lakes such as Brookville should serve as reason for the Army to become more interested in the protection of the watershed and consequent reduction in sediment disposition.

The rapid implementation of the East Fork of the Whitewater River Watershed Project is critically needed to protect the investment in the Brookville Lake. It is a vital part of water management in the Valley which must not be neglected if the lake is to reach its maximum usefulness and remain useful for a long period.

Sincerely,

Floyd E^/Howard Executive Secretary WHITEWATER VALLEY CONSERVANCY DISTRICT______Floyd F. Howord, Executive Secretary 303 S(JufK A Sfree, RICHMOND, INDIANA 47374 DIRECTORS: Phone (317) 966-6117 November 26, 1973 i ’lO ' J . V r i ght i ' m i i . : u n K o i c r t • White V’ i e r - C hut rnt an 1orscMTr.ordy9 George D. Shields, Deputy Dist. Engineer Neman M. Johnson LTC, Corps of Engineers F.nnncoi Clerk Department of the Army P. 0. Box 59 Rotor, N HuTf Louisville, Kentucky 40201

Sir:

In response to your letter of November 19, 1973, I did make certain com­ ments on the Draft Environmental Statement on the Brookville Lake. They were addressed to Colonel Charles Fiala. A copy is enclosed.

In addition I must notice that adequate study of alternatives to the pro­ ject may not have been made prior to the decision of the Congress to fund its construction.

The Lake took a substantial amount of real estate from the counties in­ volved. This in turn reduced the tax base and the project itself will create expensive problems which must be solved at the expense of local governments.

A smaller flood control lake properly supplemented by adequate upstream retention dams could have resulted in less total requirement for land resources from the drainage area above Brookville. The reduction of land resources in the East Fork Valley for flood control is at the expense of that area for the net benefit of the downstream properties. The owners of the land in the project area gave their land at great sacrifice. This should have been minimized.

It is recommended that a greater coordination of effort is needed between the Army Corps, local conservation districts, Soil Conservation Service, and local units of government in the planning of future flood control pro­ jects. A more well balanced total program of resource protection and development should result.

Sincerely,

Floyd E. Howard Executive Secretary 501 Main St. • Brookville, Indiana 47012 • Tel. 647-5713

October 31# 1973

Colonel Charles J• Fiala District Engineer P.O. Box 59 Louisville, Ky. U0201 Dear Colonel Fiala, In regard: The Brookville Lake Enviormental Impact statement, dated October 1, 1973* The1Franklin County Soil and Water Conservation ^istrict have the following comments: - Page 5 and 6 - We do not find ary reference to the 160 acres outside labatory for the Brookville school. Pago 29 - The sewerage treatment facility planned for the Mounds recreation area cannot be drained into the lake under present stqte law. Page 3k - The second paragraph, - this statement will cause trouble for the local Planning and Zonning Board. We will have approximately 100 per cent protection for only a short distance. This will reduce to about 30 per cent when the East and West Fork comes together. This protection will be reduced rapidlly downstream. A new high water mark need to be determend downstream. Thank you for the privilege to review the Brookville Lake enviornmental impact statement.

Sincerely yours,

Copies sent to: Lawrence Rosenber Colonel Charles J. Fiala Franklin County SWCD Mr. Robert Martin Supervisor STATEMENT OF FINDINGS BROOKVILLE LAKE PROJECT EAST FORK WHITEWATER RIVER INDIANA

1. The considered action includes the completion of construction of the Brookville dam and related project works on the East Fork of Whitewater River immediately north of Brookville, Indiana and the creation of a 5,260 acre lake located in Franklin and Union Counties for the purposes of flood control, general recreation, water supply, and fish and wildlife enhancement. The project will provide flood reduction for the downstream floodplain, water storage for the State of Indiana, and increased recrea­ tional opportunities. Approximately 17,025 acres of land will be placed in public ownership.

2. I have reviewed and evaluated, in light of the overall public interest, the documents concerning the considered action, as well as the stated views of other interested agencies and the concerned public relative to the various practicable alternatives to satisfy the demonstrated need for water resource development as set forth in the Flood Control Act of 1938, approved 28 June 1938, designated as Public Law 761, 75th Congress.

3. The possible consequences of viable alternatives have been studied in regard to environmental impact, social well-being, and economic effects, including regional and national economic development and engineering feasibility. Other factors bearing on my review include identified needs for flood protection on the lower Whitewater and Miami River Valleys, as well as development for general recreation, fish and wildlife activities, and provision of a water supply source for the State of Indiana.

4. In the course of planning and formulation of this project both structural and non-structural alternatives were examined. The non-structural measures included better flood forecasting, zoning, and evacuation. None of these alternatives would have met the stated Congressional objectives of providing the desired degree of flood control, water supply or recreation and consequently were considered no further. Structural alternatives considered included two alternative damsites and eleven alternative projects at the selected site. A pump storage facility was proposed for the project area by Public Service Company of Indiana, but is no longer under consideration. The inclusion of power as a project purpose reduced net benefits below that of any alternative project. One site considered was across a narrow point in the valley, approximately two miles upstream from Brookville. At this location, the main valley is deeper for a distance of only about 500 feet. In order to provide equivalent storage in inches runoff, the dam and spill­ way would have been higher than for the selected site, thereby requiring a greater amount of land and causing greater environmental and social disruption. The other site considered for the dam location was immediately downstream from Battle.Point, a hill located at the right side of the valley approximately three miles upstream from the selected site. To provide equivalent storage capacity to that considered at the selected site, the height of the dam would have been increased, requiring additional amounts of land, and therefore more expense and greater environmental and social impact.

5. In evaluation of these viable alternatives the following points were considered pertinents

a. Environmental Considerations. This project was under construction and substantial capital had been committed prior to the passage of-the Environmental Policy Act of 1969. I have rejected the other structural alternatives because of the increased adverse environmental effects they would cause while at the same time not providing the same range of benefits as the proposed project. I am convinced that the negative environmental effects are far outweighed by the total positive environmental opportunities, public enjoyment, and benefits that will be provided by the project if it is implemented as conceived.

b. Social Well-Being. In view of the human needs provided for by the flood control and water supply benefits furnished by the Brookville Project, and the recreational opportunities that will become available to significant numbers of persons living in the vicinity, I have accepted the adverse social impact that has occurred from the relocation of 225 family units and the con- ' version of land use and feel that the overall social well-being will be improved by continued implementation of the proposed action.

c. Engineering Considerations. Because of the nature of the terrain in the East Fork Basin, I have been limited in the number of alternative damsites to those which provide adequate storage without requiring an overly large pool area. I selected the recommended site on the basis that it would satisfy all project purposes while minimizing the economic and environmental costs of the project.

d. Economic Considerations. From the view point of Economics, my selection of the authorized site over alternative sites was based on satisfying the stated objectives with minimum Federal expense and best serving the total public interest. Accordingly, of the alternatives considered, the selected site offers minimum cost outlay, maximum efficiency and least environmental and social disruption.

e. Other Public Interest Considerations. In addition to providing benefits from the authorized project purposes, secondary economic benefits will accrue to the region of the project from redevelopment opportunities induced by the project, and increased population and employment. I can only conclude that the prospective regional benefits are far in excess of the upstream damages and displacement inconveniences and that reasonable engineering and real estate remedies exist for these project occasioned damages and inconveniences Without undue social and economic effects.

6. I find that the proposed action is based on thorough analysis and evaluation of various practicable alternative courses of action for achieving the stated objectives; that adverse effects found to be involved cannot be avoided by follow­ ing reasonable alternative courses of action which would achieve the Congress- ionally specified purposes; that where the proposed action has an adverse effect, this effect is either ameliorated or substantially outweighed by other considera­ tions of national policy; that the recommended action is consonant with national policy statutes, and,administrative directives; and that^ on balance, the total public interest would best be served by the implementation of the recommendations.

7. Therefore, I recommend that the Brookville Lake project proceed and continuing efforts be made to further minimize adverse environmental effects.

DATE CHARLES J. FIAIA Colonel, Corps^of Engineers District Engineer

I concur with the Statement of Findings of the District Engineer.

DATE KAYHgjS. NICHOLS Brigadier General, USA Division Engineer

I concur with the preceding Statement of Findings.

DATE /j/ W. MORRIS 11a j or General, USA Director of Civil Works