DOCSLIB.ORG

Running Head: POLICE DECISION-MAKING MODEL COMPONENTS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Running Head: POLICE DECISION-MAKING MODEL COMPONENTS Running head: POLICE DECISION-MAKING MODEL COMPONENTS Identifying the Necessary Components of a Police Decision-Making Model by Sharon Barter Trenholm A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Interdisciplinary PhD. Program Memorial University of Newfoundland April 13, 2018 St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador Police Decision-Making Model Components Abstract As police officers are entrusted with significant amounts of discretion and power in instances potentially involving arrest, use of force, search, and seizure, their decisions have serious consequences. Yet, very little research has been conducted into police officer thinking and decision-making. The objective of this research was to identify the necessary components of a decision-making model which can be used to prepare police officers to appropriately exercise their discretion when dealing with ambiguous, time-pressured, and consequential situations. The research on critical thinking (CT) and decision-making in policing was reviewed and supplemented with research from related disciplines. Multiple decision-making models were identified, discussed, and compared. The recognition/metacognition (R/M) model developed by Cohen, Freeman, and Thompson (1998) was identified as potentially adaptable for use in policing. As CT is considered best learned in domain specific environments, the police context for decision-making must be explored. A multimethod study was designed and conducted. Frontline police officers were the focus as they are particularly impacted by time, access to information, and stress effects. Responses to Critical Incident Analysis Interviews were combined with findings from the literature, to prepare a questionnaire. Canadian police services were contacted and invited to participate in a survey of frontline police decision-making. The services which agreed to participate forwarded the invitation to frontline police personnel. Respondents provided their information through an online survey. The sampling was non-random, as self-selection occurred at the service and individual levels. The results indicated that a model of police decision-making should i Police Decision-Making Model Components include recognition and metacognition components taught through a domain specific approach. The five identified themes of: information, safety, planning, respite, and articulation should be used for scenario creation. A Recognition-CT Police Decision- Making Model is proposed. The information collected was detailed and rich, but cannot be confidently stated to be representative of all Canadian police officers, and while having many strengths, qualitative studies can also be prone to researcher bias. Even with these caveats, this research provides important information to improve our understanding of the complex and ambiguous environment in which police decision-making occurs. Suggestions for future research on police decision-making and the role of CT are also discussed. ii Police Decision-Making Model Components Acknowledgements To my supervisory committee of Dr. Brent Snook, Dr. Kara Arnold, and Dr. Vernon Curran, thank you for agreeing to take on a challenge that did not directly align with your usual supervisory duties. A new program combined with a student who had not been a student in the traditional sense for some time and a project that focused more on the practitioners than on the methods, was I am sure a challenge. You showed great patience and interest and supported me for the extended duration. You have taught me much and contributed greatly to the work completed within this thesis. You also ensured that support from the wider university community was accessible for the practical requirements, which is a challenge with an interdisciplinary program that does not belong to any one department. To the examiners, Dr. Travor Brown, Dr. Nicholas Harris, and Dr. Karla Emeno, thank you for a thorough and insightful oral examination and your helpful written reviews. The full immersion in and countless rereads of one’s own work can make it difficult to see where gaps exist for an external audience. The questions during the defence and your written suggestions for edits led me to see my work through a fresh lens. Your perspectives strengthened the presentation of this research by highlighting these gaps. Your varying areas of expertise and experience helped ensure this document is suitable for a diverse reading audience. To Dr. Bruce Colbourne, thank you for giving of your time to chair the examination and keep us all on track. There are many colleagues throughout the academic and police communities who have supported the research and me throughout this project and in the years leading up to iii Police Decision-Making Model Components it. Some have provided practical support, access, and data while others have provided moral support and a good dose of tough love to keep me moving forward as needed. I am proud to call many of you friends. Thank you for sticking with me and helping in the vast number of ways I needed it, when I needed it. You were often there to provide help before I even asked. To the students I have taught and worked with over the past several years, thank you for your queries and insights. Multiple perspectives are vitally important to research and awareness. Many of these students have been police officers and students who wish to work as or with police officers. You spurred me on and further impressed upon me the need to include the voices of the police practitioners. The police services which agreed to participate and forwarded the requests to their frontline personnel, and those personnel who took the time to respond to the interviews and survey, you are the people to whom I owe the deepest gratitude. This research was only possible because of your willingness to share your time, views, opinions, and knowledge. Thank you for that great gift. I hope the final product is helpful to you in your future and that you are proud of what you have helped accomplish. Personally, I have also been fortunate to have a solid support network of friends and family, who have had genuine interest in my topic, or at the very least feigned interest to indulge my going on about it regularly. You have also pushed, pulled, and cajoled me to keep going even when life got in the way. You reminded me that this is important for the contribution it will make to the professionals I have worked with and for me personally. To my daughters, Elena and Sarah, thank you for growing into wonderful iv Police Decision-Making Model Components young women who could support your Mom going back to school, even when that took longer than planned as we moved continents. You took the changes and challenges in stride. I hope my continuing thirst for learning encourages you as you pursue your studies and build your own futures. To my husband Barry, you have been with me through the multiple degrees and changes in work, and even when you were not sure why I was putting myself through the stress, you supported me always. Thank you. v Police Decision-Making Model Components Table of Contents ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................... III LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... XI LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................... XII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................. XIII LIST OF APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................... XIV CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................... 7 2.1 DEFINITIONS OF CRITICAL THINKING ...................................................................................... 7 2.2 ACCEPTANCE OF CRITICAL THINKING WITHIN POLICING ....................................................... 11 2.3 RESEARCH WITHIN POLICING ................................................................................................. 19 2.4 RESEARCH IN RELATED DISCIPLINES ..................................................................................... 27 2.4.1 Research in Medicine .................................................................................................... 28 2.4.2 Research in Business ..................................................................................................... 29 2.4.3 Research in the Military ................................................................................................ 31 2.4.4 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 35 2.5 RELATED CONCEPTS .............................................................................................................. 35 2.5.1 General Decision-Making Theories
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Attachment Council Agenda Bill I
    Item: NB #5 City of Arlington Attachment Council Agenda Bill I COUNCIL MEETING DATE: July 6, 2020 SUBJECT: Community Policing, Policy and Accountability ATTACHMENTS: DEPARTMENT OF ORIGIN Presentation, Org Chart, IAPRO, BlueTeam, 2018 Strategic Planning, APD Planning Recommendations Police; Jonathan Ventura, Chief and Human Resources; James Trefry, Administrative Services Director EXPENDITURES REQUESTED: None BUDGET CATEGORY: N/A BUDGETED AMOUNT: 0 LEGAL REVIEW: DESCRIPTION: Presentation by the Chief of Police and the Administrative Services Director regarding the Arlington Police Department. Topics covered include community policing, policy and accountability. HISTORY: The Mayor and Councilmembers have requested a presentation about the current state of the police department in light of current events and feedback received from the community. ALTERNATIVES: Remand to staff for further information. RECOMMENDED MOTION: Information only; no action required. Arlington Police Department COMMUNITY POLICING / POLICY / ACCOUNTABILITY Community Policing Community Outreach Team / LE Embedded Social Worker (LEESW) (2018) Domestic Violence Coordinator (2019) School Resource Officer All-In Program / Conversations with Cops COP’s Building Trust Grant – Funding for 2 Officers (2015) Boards and Commissions Community Meetings 21st Century Policing Initiative Strategic Plan (2018) Virtual Training Simulator (2019) Crime Data (2019) Traffic Enforcement up 32% DUI Enforcement up 14% Burglary reports down 15% Robbery reports down 38% Overall Theft Reporting
    [Show full text]
  • Canada's National Law Enforcement Magazine February 2000
    Canada's National Law Enforcement Magazine February 2000 \kllume 12 Number 2 February 2000 Publisher's Commentary 5 -Publisher I Editor­ Airport Policing - the new millenium 6 Morley S. Lymbumer Control your sidearms - Dave Brown 10 E-ma/1: [email protected] London Police "souvenir" bunt 14 Ph: (905) 640-3048- Fax (905) 640-7547 Double Duty -Stephanie Strachan 18 • Gonoral Managor • Case Law - Gino Arcaro 22 Mary K. Lymbumer, M.Ed. E-ma/1: bluelinesale$@hom e.com Justice community acts out 25 - Al;spclata lidltgr - Police psychologist changes 26 Blair McQuillan E-mail: blueOneediJor@lwm e.com Police are real people too 28 - Adyo rtlalpq - Spring surface ice rescue 30 Mary Lymbumer (Director) Phone (905) 64().3048 Fax (905) 64(). 754 7 Shift Work -Part 2 32 Rhonda Shuker Co"espondence 36 Phone (905) 64().3048 Fax (905) 64(). 754 7 Bob Murray Canadian Firearms Annual Report 38 Phone (905) 64().6506 Fax (905) 642-0900 2000 Supply & Services Guide 4I Peel Regional Police Cst. Lee Robillard is fea - Pro-pr@§• Pmdyc tlgn - TechtWlogy - Tom Rataj 57 Del Wall Blair McQuil an tured on this month's cover picture taken by 1999 Leadership Nominee 58 Blue Line News Editor Blair McQuillan. This -M echanical Specific ations - month's lead story is an overview of airport Gary Welch Phone (905) 466-5039 Intenet enhanced press releases 62 policing and the transition of responsibilities - Cpntdbytlm Edlto[§- Product News 64 from the RCMP to municipal police. You will Tactical Fireanns Dave Brown find this story beginning on page 6. Police Leadership Robert Lunney Blue Line Symposium 65 Page 41 presents the 2000 Supply & Serv­ ices Guide.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Annual Report Table of Contents
    CAMROSE POLICE SERVICE 2020 ANNUAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS • Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………...... 2 • Core Values & Vision…..…………………………………………………………….. 3 • Message from Police Commission………………………………………………… 4 • Message from Chief of Police……………………………………………………… 5 • Organizational Chart………………………………………………………………… 6 • Policing Standards……………………………………………………………………. 7 • Community Involvement……………………………………………………………. 8 • Service Recognition/Awards……………………………………………………….. 9 • Operations Support……….………………………………………………………….. 10 – 17 • Operations……….…………………………………………………………………….. 18 - 23 • Budget…………………………………………………………………………………… 24 • Statistics ………………………………………………………………………………… 25 – 31 • Contact Information…………………………………………………………………. 32 VALUES & VISION “PUBLIC SAFETY THROUGH POLICING EXCELLENCE” • Our People • Integrity • Service • Care • Community • Teamwork MESSAGE FROM THE POLICE COMMISSION The Camrose Police Commission is pleased to support this annual report which highlights many of the accomplishments of the Camrose Police Service. In addition, the report contains statistics regarding the make-up of activity in the City of Camrose in which the Police Service responds to. The Police Commission is responsible for oversight of the Camrose Police Service. The beginning of every year, the Commission elects the Chair/Vice-Chair and sets goals for the upcoming year. This includes continuing education through opportunities provided by the Solicitor General, conferences and webinars, which are meant to assist the commission with understanding the role
    [Show full text]
  • Parks Canada
    ARCHIVED - Archiving Content ARCHIVÉE - Contenu archivé Archived Content Contenu archivé Information identified as archived is provided for L’information dont il est indiqué qu’elle est archivée reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It est fournie à des fins de référence, de recherche is not subject to the Government of Canada Web ou de tenue de documents. Elle n’est pas Standards and has not been altered or updated assujettie aux normes Web du gouvernement du since it was archived. Please contact us to request Canada et elle n’a pas été modifiée ou mise à jour a format other than those available. depuis son archivage. Pour obtenir cette information dans un autre format, veuillez communiquer avec nous. This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. A Guide to Competency-Based Management in Police Services Built by policing for policing This initiative was funded by the Government of Canada’s Sector Council Program Ottawa, March, 2013 Police Sector Council Page 1 of 69 Letter from the Steering Committee Dear Colleagues, The benefits of managing human resources using a competency- based management (CBM) approach are now undisputed.
    [Show full text]
  • Collective Agreement the Cobourg Police Services Board
    Collective Agreement between The Cobourg Police Services Board (Hereinafter referred to as "the Board") and The Cobourg Police Association -Civilian (Hereinafter referred to as "the Association") Effective: January 1, 2017 Expiry: December 31, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 3 ARTICLE 1 -RECOGNITION ............................................................................................................... 3 ARTICLE 2- MANAGEMENT RIGHTS ............................................................................................... 3 ARTICLE 3- ASSOCIATION RIGHTS ................................................................................................ 4 ARTICLE 4- BARGAINING ................................................................................................................ 4 ARTICLE 5- SENIORITY .................................................................................................................... 4 ARTICLE 6 - ADVANCEMENTS AND PROMOTIONS ........................................................................ 5 ARTICLE 7- MEMBERS ..................................................................................................................... 5 ARTICLE 8- HOURS OF WORK ........................................................................................................ 6 ARTICLE 9 - SALARIES ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom Liberty
    2013 ACCESS AND PRIVACY Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner Ontario, Canada FREEDOM & LIBERTY 2013 STATISTICS In free and open societies, governments must be accessible and transparent to their citizens. TABLE OF CONTENTS Requests by the Public ...................................... 1 Provincial Compliance ..................................... 3 Municipal Compliance ................................... 12 Appeals .............................................................. 26 Privacy Complaints .......................................... 38 Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA) .................................. 41 As I look back on the past years of the IPC, I feel that Ontarians can be assured that this office has grown into a first-class agency, known around the world for demonstrating innovation and leadership, in the fields of both access and privacy. STATISTICS 4 1 REQUESTS BY THE PUBLIC UNDER FIPPA/MFIPPA There were 55,760 freedom of information (FOI) requests filed across Ontario in 2013, nearly a 6% increase over 2012 where 52,831 were filed TOTAL FOI REQUESTS FILED BY JURISDICTION AND RECORDS TYPE Personal Information General Records Total Municipal 16,995 17,334 34,329 Provincial 7,029 14,402 21,431 Total 24,024 31,736 55,760 TOTAL FOI REQUESTS COMPLETED BY JURISDICTION AND RECORDS TYPE Personal Information General Records Total Municipal 16,726 17,304 34,030 Provincial 6,825 13,996 20,821 Total 23,551 31,300 54,851 TOTAL FOI REQUESTS COMPLETED BY SOURCE AND JURISDICTION Municipal Provincial Total
    [Show full text]
  • A Giant Leap for Progressive Policing in Ontario by R.D
    OCTOBER 2009 2 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE October 2009 Volume 21 Number 8 This month Blue Line Magazine joins the Ontario Provincial Police in celebrating its 100th anniversary. We have featured the OPP and specific vignettes from its past over the last seven issues. This month we continue this focus with many features reflecting the past and present of this truly amazing organization. Starting on page 6. Features 6-19 Ontario Provincial Police 24 Breach of conditional release: Fact 100th anniversary celebration over fiction 20 A call to arms 30 Bringing justice to account The patch on the shoulder 36 Crisis Training 22 National DNA data bank website Departments Case Law 54 Back of the Book 50 Breath demand only requires reasonable belief 54 BlueLinks Ad Directory 35 Coming Events 51 Objectively justified officer belief okay 38 Continuing Education Directory 34 Deep Blue 21, 39 Dispatches 40 Forensic Science 44, 46 Letters 53 Market Place 52 Product News 5 Publisher’s Commentary 47 Representative Profiles 48 Technology BLUEBLUE LLINEINE MAGAZINEMAGAZINE 33 OOCTCTOOBERBER 20092009 OCTOBER 2009 4 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Publisher’s Commentary by Morley Lymburner Tradition must be your servant Finding an Ontario while the latter does nothing but segregate, nadian police agency to not use the word on its Provincial Police isolate and enslave groups or individuals. Car- shoulders, its desire for uniqueness left its identity badge the Queen had ried to the extreme, a bad or poorly thought out open to the imagination of the beholder. Hence- authorized more than 10 tradition can be damaging and leave decades of forth the impact of that shoulder patch would be years ago – and then discovering the current senior embarrassment and tribulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Force in the Calgary Police Service
    Use of Force in the Calgary Police Service An Independent Review conducted by The Honorable Neil Wittmann, QC for Chief Constable Roger Chaffin Calgary Police Service April 2018 Independent Review of Police Use of Force Page ii LETTER TO CHIEF CONSTABLE ROGER CHAFFIN The Honourable Neil Wittmann, QC Independent Reviewer April 30, 2018 Roger Chaffin Chief Constable Calgary Police Service 5111 47 Street NE Calgary, AB. T3J 3R2 Dear Chief Chaffin: Independent Review of Use of Force in the Calgary Police Service I am pleased to provide you with my report following the review of use of force in the Calgary Police Service. The report includes my recommendations, informed by broad consultation, in response to the Terms of Reference dated May 16, 2017. I would like to thank you for the opportunity to lead this Review. I hope that the Calgary Police Service will find the recommendations useful in its efforts to improve its practices in respect of use of force. Sincerely, Neil Wittmann, QC Independent Review of Police Use of Force Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... x ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................ xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Alberta Law Enforcement Review Board
    ALBERTA LAW ENFORCEMENT REVIEW BOARD 2016 ANNUAL REPORT May 1, 2017 Honourable Kathleen Ganley MLA Minister of Justice and Solicitor General Room 403, Legislature Building 10800 – 97 Avenue Edmonton AB T5K 2B6 Dear Minister: 2016 Annual Report of the Alberta Law Enforcement Review Board It is my honour to submit to you today the Board’s latest annual report. As required by the Police Act, the report covers calendar year 2016 and reports on the number and nature of the appeals and inquiries that the Board held. It also provides summaries of our decisions, as the Police Act also requires. Yours sincerely, David Loukidelis Enclosure (2016 Annual Report) cc: Deputy Minister of Justice and Deputy Solicitor General Assistant Deputy Minister, Public Security Division Chiefs of Police, Alberta Municipal Police Services and First Nations Police Services Alberta Municipal Police Commissions ALBERTA LAW ENFORCEMENT REVIEW BOARD 2016 ANNUAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Message from the Chair ............................................................................................................... i Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Board’s Role and Mandate ......................................................................................................... 1 Jurisdiction .................................................................................................................................. 1 • Who Can Appeal to the Board
    [Show full text]
  • Cobourg Police Service Annual Report 2015
    ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Cobourg Police Service Cobourg Police Service 107 King Street West Cobourg, ON Phone 905.372.6821 • Fax 905.372.8325 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cobourgpolice.com You can find us on: 1 | P a g e Table of Contents Vision, Mission and Values 4 Message from the Chair of the Police Services Board 5 Message from the Chief of Police 6 Community Mobilization Unit 7-8 Selected Traffic Enforcement and Program 9 R.I.D.E. 10 Motor Vehicle Collision Report 11-14 Crime Statistics 15-17 Court Services 18 Domestic Violence 19-20 Criminal Investigations Bureau 21-22 Use of Force Statistics 23-24 Public Complaints/Secondary Activities 25-26 Strategic Priorities 2015-2017 Report Card (2015) 27-64 Volunteers 65 Youth in Policing (YIPI) 66 Business Services 67 Financial 68 2 | P a g e Table of Contents Recognitions and Retirements 69 Swearing in of Newest Officers 70 Ontario Women in Law Enforcement Service Award Recipients 71 Community Partnerships 72-74 Community Support 2015 75-86 3 | P a g e VISON An adaptive and trusted community partner in protecting the safety, security and quality of life in the Town of Cobourg. We strive to ensure that our approach to policing, and the services we provide, reflect the community’s needs. Because these needs can shift as the community and criminality evolves, we consistently adapt our policing methods. As public safety becomes more complex and requiring a multi-disciplinary approach, we strive to be a trusted community partner among peers with a shared goal of protecting the safety, security and quality of life in our Town.
    [Show full text]
  • Archived Content Contenu Archivé
    ARCHIVED - Archiving Content ARCHIVÉE - Contenu archivé Archived Content Contenu archivé Information identified as archived is provided for L’information dont il est indiqué qu’elle est archivée reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It est fournie à des fins de référence, de recherche is not subject to the Government of Canada Web ou de tenue de documents. Elle n’est pas Standards and has not been altered or updated assujettie aux normes Web du gouvernement du since it was archived. Please contact us to request Canada et elle n’a pas été modifiée ou mise à jour a format other than those available. depuis son archivage. Pour obtenir cette information dans un autre format, veuillez communiquer avec nous. This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. Canadian Police and Peace Officers’ 30th Annual Memorial Service September 30, 2007 By Joel Cheruet, Chair, CACP Decorations and Awards Committee n September 30, 2007 O thousands gathered to commemorate the great sacri- fices Canadian police and peace officers had made, and in parti c u l a r , to honour Det.
    [Show full text]
  • Policing the Pandemic Enforcement Report April 14 2020 - May 1 2020
    Policing the Pandemic Enforcement Report April 14 2020 - May 1 2020 Alex Luscombe1 and Alexander McClelland2 www.policingthepandemic.ca National Level Trends Based on available data, we count a total of 4,575 people that have been ticketed/charged on separate occasions for alleged COVID-19 related violations across Canada, resulting in over $5.8 million in fines to date. Although a very small number, we cannot say these are unique individuals as some people have already been fined/charged multiple times since police responses to COVID-19 began. The vast majority of these enforcement actions have been in Quebec´ (3048), followed by Ontario (930), Nova Scotia (516), and Alberta (44). Based on available data, we continue to observe far less enforcement actions in other Canadian provinces (less than 15 per province) (Figure 1). At the city level, most of these enforcement actions have been concentrated in Montreal´ (1848), Toronto (594), and Halifax (216). In the previous Enforcement Report released April 13, we indicated a concern that other provinces outside of Quebec,´ Ontario, and Nova Scotia could soon scale-up enforcement. Although that concern has not been realized, we note that in Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Manitoba, there has been a small increase in enforcement. In Saskatchewan, tickets for alleged COVID-related violations are also the highest we have seen yet, starting at $2000 (compared to the next highest, Quebec,´ at $1,546). In terms of alleged violations, the majority of enforcement actions to date have been for failure to physical distance/comply with minimal gathering rules (4398). More and more details about these incidents are beginning to come to light.
    [Show full text]