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TAUTONYMS in BIOLOGY (PART 1) and Asio 0 146 rare; I ha' TAUTONYMS IN BIOLOGY (PART 1) and Asio 0 I don't menclature suppose I SAMUEL S. LONG Nomenclatu S p ringfield, Illinois be cheatin the ability One of my hobbies is collecting tautonyms--a harmless and inexpen­ million spe sive activity. Unlike rock-collecting, tautonym-collecting is clean, re­ quires very little exertion, and only a small amount of storage space. Each en Unlike coin or stamp-collecting, tautonym-collecting does not deal in name, and objects of value; I don't have a safe to keep my tautonyms secure, nor any omittE do I have to pay anyone when I come across a tautonym. including nyms that I have found nearly 400 tautonyms in scientific and reference sometime a literature that comes my way, from Aaptos aaptos (a kind of sponge) to tonyms. (A Zingel zingel (a type of fish). I divide them into two categories: ious speciE eutautonyms, in which the generic and specific names are identical, and occasionall. aneutautonyms, in which the generic and specific names differ slightly scientific r in spelling. All eutautonyms are animals, because botanical scientific nymic, it's nomenclature forbids them, but a few plant names have generic and specific names similar enough to meet my criteria for an aneutautonym, Aaptos aap e.g. Cajanus cajan (the pigeon pea) and Cuminum cyminum (the cumin, of Achatina a4 which P.D.Q. Bach wrote in his oratorio The Seasonings "I'm cumin, I'm Agama agal cumin, for my head is bending low ..."). Ahaetulla a Alburnus a One fictitional animal is included: Wile E. Coyote, the Warner Brothers Alces alces cartoon character who futilely chases the Roadrunner. In one cartoon Alle alle (d his scientific name is given as Famishus famishus! Real coyotes rejoice Alosa alosa in the nontautonymical scientific name of Canis latrans (thieving dog). Amandava , Amazilia an: The tautonyms on my list need not be current, but they must be Amplustre found in at least one reputable reference. For example, the lion is given Anableps a as Panthera leo in most books, but the Encyclopaedia Britannica gives it Anatina an; as Leo leo, and if the EB is not reputable, I don't know what is. Most, Anguilla an but not all. of my tautonyms are living. Some are no doubt endangered. Anhinga an but the only one I know is extinct is the fossil ammonite Parkinsonia Anoa anoa parkinsoni. I do not count cases where merely the species and subspe­ Anostomus cies names are the same. Some tautonymical animals such as the gorilla Anser anse and the bison have a common name the same as the tautonymic scientific Anthias ant name. Apus apus Arcinella al For certain creatures, the generic name and specific name differ but Argus argt mean the same thing, usually in two different languages such as Latin Aspis aspis and Greek; these I call heterotautonyms. Three well-known examples are Aspius asp: Xiphias gladius (" sword" In Greek and Latin), the swordfish, Ursus Astacus ast arctos ("bear" in Latin and Greek), the black bear, and Staphyllarctos Aulica aulic uva-ursi ("berry-bear" in Greek and Latin), the bearberry. These are Avicularis ; Axis axis (~ 147 rare; I have fewer than a dozen. There are two species of owl, Otus asio and Asio otus, both of whose names mean It owl" . I don't know how many tautonyms actually exist in the zoological no­ menclature, though I suspect they are rare and I have most of them. I suppose I could inquire of the international Committee on Zoological Nomenclature, based at the University of Oxford, but that would seem to be cheating, and at best would remove the thrill of the chase--though the ability of modern personal computers to sort through large (several • and inexpen­ million species) databases does have attractions for a tautonym-hunter. is clean, re- storage space. Each entry in the table below lists the scientific name, the common !s not deal in name, and the language and meaning of the tautonym. Please send in ms secure, nor any omitted examples, as well as information to fill in the blanks, including documentation. I am most interested in any botanical tauto­ nyms that existed before botanists banned them from their nomenclature and reference sometime around the turn of the century, and in obsolete zoological tau­ I of sponge) to tonyms. (As taxonomists learn more about the relationships between var­ :wo categories: ious species and/or delve more deeply into the taxonomic literature, they ! identical, and occasionally agree to change the genus or the species of an existing differ slightly scientific name, and the earlier name becomes obsolete--but if it's tauto­ nical scientific nymic. it's still grist for my mill.) e generic and aneutautonym, Aaptos aaptos (hadromeridan sponge) Gk? I (the cumin, of Achatina achatina (West African giant snail) Gk: agate "I'm cumin, I'm Agama agama (agama lizard) Carib? Ahaetulla ahaetulla (rear-fanged bronze-back snake) Alburnus alburnus (bleak fish) La: whitish arner Brothers Alces alces (moose or European elk) La: elk [n one cartoon Alle alle (dovekie) Swed: bird's name coyotes rejoice Alosa alosa (European shad or alli.ce) La: shad ieving dog). Amandava amandava (avadavat bird) Gujarati: Ahmadabad, India Amazilia amazilia (amazilia hummingbird) they must be Amplustre amplustre (amplustre bubble shell mollusc) le lion is given Anableps anableps (four-eyed fish) Gk: look up .annica gives it Anatina anatina (smooth duck clam) La: duck-like what is. Most, Anguilla anguilla (European eel) La: eel, narrow bt endangered, Anhinga anhinga (anhinga or water turkey) Tupi: bird's name ite Parkinsonia Anoa anoa (anoa) Malay: animal's name in Celebes !s and subspe­ Anostomus anostomus (pencil fish or striped anostomus) Gk: down mouth as the gorilla Anser anser (greylag goose) La: goose lymic scientific Anthias anthias (serranid fish) Gk: flowery? Apus apus (common swift) Gk: without feet Arcinella arcinella (true spiny jewel box shell) La: little ark or box .ame differ but Argus argus (great argus pheasant) Gk:mythic character such as Latin Aspis aspis (aspis fish) Gk?: asp n examples are Aspius aspius (asp) La: asp ordfish, Ursus Astacus astacus (European crayfish) Gk: lobster. crayfish Staphyllarctos Aulica aulica (aulica volute shell) La: of the hall or court r-ry. These are Avicularis avicularis (bird spider) La: bird-catcher? Axis axis (axis deer or spotted chital) La.: a type of animal in India 148 Badis badis (blue perch or badis) Cossus COSSt; Bagarius bagarius (goonch) Cotinga COtiIl Banjos banjos (a banjosid fish) Coturnix COtl Barbastella barbastella (western barbastelle bat) La: evening Crangon cra] Barbus barbus (barbel) La: beard Cressida cre: Basiliscus basiliscus (basilisk lizard) Gk: basilisk (kingly) Crex crex (C4 Belone belone (garfish) Gk: needle, dart Cricetus cric Bidyanus bidyanus (silver perch) Crocuta croc Bison bison (bison or American buffalo) La/Gk?: animal's name Crossoptilon Bombina bombina (common European fire-bellied toad) La: hummer,buzzer Curaeus cur. Bonasia bonasia (hazel grouse) La: aurochs-like Cursor curse Boops boops (bogue fish) Cyanicterus Brama brama (Atlantic pomfret) Cygnus cygn Brosme brosme (cusk) Cymbiola cyn Bubalus bubalus (wild buffalo) La: buffalo, wild ox Cymbium cyn Bubo bubo (eagle owl) La: owl Cyrina cyrin. Bufo bufo (common toad) La: toad Dama dama (j Buteo buteo (European buzzard or short-winged hawk) La: hawk (owl?) Dentex dente Calamus calamus (saucereye porgy) La: reed Dives dives ~ Callichthys callichthys (cascarudo) Gk: beautiful fish Domicella don Callorhinchus callorhinchus (elephant chimaera fish) Gk: beautiful snout Echinurus ec Capreolus capreolus (roe deer) La: goat-like? Emesis emesu Caracal caracal (caracal) Turkish: black ear Ensifera ensi Carassius carassius (crucian carp) Ensis ensis ( Cardinalis cardinalis (cardinal) La: cardinal (hinge) Equus equus Carduelis carduelis (European goldfinch) La: thistle Erosa erosa ~ Caretta caretta (loggerhead turtle) Taino: Erythrinus e Casuarius casuarius (cassowary) Malay: bird's name Falcipennis f. Catla catla (catla fish) Bengali: fish's name Famishus fam Catostomus catostomus (large-scaled sucker) Gk: down mouth Feroculus fer Cerastes cerastes (horned asp or horned desert viper) Gk: horned Ficus ficus (j Chaca chaca (chacid fish) Hindi?: Flesus flesus Chalcides chalcides (three-toed or cylindrical skink) Gk: coppery Fossa fossa ( Chanos chanos (milkfish) Francolinus f Chloris chloris (greenfinch or green linnet) Gk: green Galbula galbu Chlorura chlorura (green-tailed towhee) Gk: green tail Galeus galeus Chromis chromis (blue damselfish) Gk: colored Gallinago gall Ciconia ciconia (European stork) La: stork Gallus gallus Cinclus cinclus (water ouzel) La: kind of bird Gazella gazell Citellus citellus (suslik) Slavic: suslik Gemma gemma Clathrus clathrus (wentletrap shell) Gk: lattice Genetta genet Clelia clelia (mussurana or sand viper) Gerbillus ger1 Coccothraustes coccothraustes (hawfinch) Gk: seed-crusher Gesta gesta ( Cochlearius cochlearius (boatbill heron) Gk: spoon Glis glis (com Coeligena coeligena (bronzy inca) La: heaven-born Glycimeris glJ Coelorinchus coelorinchus (saddled grenadier) Gk: hollow beak Gobio gobio ( Colius colius (white-backed coly or mousebird) Gk: green woodpecker Goliathus goli Concholepas concholepas (hare's-ear shell or loco) Gk: shell-hare Gonorhynchus Conger conger (conger eel) Gk: lump Gorilla gorilla Constrictor constrictor (boa constrictor) La: squeezer Gryllotalpa gr Coscoroba coscoroba (coscoroba swan) S.Amer. Span: bird's name Guira guira (j 149 Cossus cossus (goat moth) La: type of larva or grub Cotinga cotinga
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