Use of Social Media in Higher Education Institutions – an Empirical Study Based on Bulgarian Learning Experience
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TEM Journal. Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 171-181, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM71-21, February 2018. Use of Social Media in Higher Education Institutions – an Empirical Study Based on Bulgarian Learning Experience Silvia Parusheva 1, Yanka Aleksandrova 1, Antonio Hadzhikolev 1 1 University of Economics – Varna, Knyaz Boris I Blvd. 77, Varna, Bulgaria Abstract – Social media have enormous power and 1. Introduction trigger changes in whole spectrum of businesses, as well as learning and education. A study of students’ Internet and Web 2.0 have become an irreplaceable adoption of social media at the University of part of modern day life. Thanks to the Web 2.0 Economics – Varna (UE-Varna), Bulgaria, has proven concept and the ingrained in it social media its significant impact on young people. Using online questionnaire among 378 students, the high popularity technologies, the users connect to each other, share of social media has been confirmed. An important information, emotions, opinions, experiences, create research question is whether higher education social contacts and develop them [1]. One can institutions teaching students mainly in the fields of observe a social transformation of communicational social, economic and legal sciences use the benefits of behavior among members of most age categories and the social media in the context of Learning mostly among young people. Namely, the social Management Systems (LMSs) and integrated social media best represent Internet’s ever-growing reach in media tools. The majority of the examined 24 all areas of social, economic, political, cultural life. universities use two LMSs - Moodle and Blackboard Social media have become a space where Learn. Both possess tools like forums, chat, wikis, information is being exchanged constantly and with internal messaging, blogs, learning groups, high intensity and where an individual can present collaboration tools. The study of the two Moodle platforms implemented at the UE-Varna shows use of him/her self, present his/her interests and views. In discussion forums, chat, and internal messaging. the social media are attracted vast amounts of people in a way, uncharacteristic for other spaces and media. Keywords – Web 2.0, Social media, Higher education That gives grounds to some authors to categorize institutions, Learning Management Systems, them as a phenomenon [2, 3] and revolutionary new Integrated social media tools, Discussion forums, Chat. trend [4]. Social media are especially popular among young people, including those attending universities and higher education institutions. This fact makes the DOI: 10.18421/TEM71-21 question of using social media for purposes of https://dx.doi.org/10.18421/TEM71-21 academic performance, education and learning in Corresponding author: Silvia Parusheva, higher education institutions particularly relevant. University of Economics – Varna, Knyaz Boris I With the help of an online survey, we aim to prove Blvd. 77, Varna, Bulgaria the high adherence of young people in higher Email: [email protected] education institutions to the social media and on this Received: 31 October 2017. ground to investigate whether this is recognized and Accepted: 27 January 2018. being made a good use of from the educational Published: 23 February 2018. institutions. In particular, we would like to see if better learning and education practices are being © 2018 Silvia Parusheva, Yanka Aleksandrova, created based on the wide range of tools of social Antonio Hadzhikolev; published by UIKTEN. This work is media. The goal of our research is to study how licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- social media are used in higher education in NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. Bulgaria, mainly in the context of the applied The article is published with Open Access Learning Management Systems and the integrated in at www.temjournal.com them elements of social media in their wide spectrum (social networking sites, blogs, content communities, collaborative projects, virtual social world, etc.). TEM Journal – Volume 7 / Number 1 / 2018. 171 TEM Journal. Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 171-181, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM71-21, February 2018. 2. Influence of Social Media on Education • Presenting the students with technologies that can improve their success in job search In present times, education and learning are being The educational institutions, lecturers and students increasingly impacted by web technologies, the count on social media in formal education more and concepts of Web 2.0 and Web 3.0, including also more especially when it comes to sharing practices, technologies connected with the social media. popularizing educational materials, sharing opinions The areas, where social media are involved include and comments. One of the opportunities of social communication, collaboration, knowledge media use is to integrate their components into LMSs. management, multimedia, entertainment [5,6]. A number of authors have claimed the reach of social 3. Empirical Evidence for High Social Media’ media engulfs a wide range of technologies and Popularity among University Students – applications - blogs (e.g. WordPress), content University of Economics - Varna’s Example communities (e.g. YouTube), social networking sites (e.g. Facebook, LinkedIn), collaborative projects (e.g. In order to defend our thesis of how important it is Wikipedia), virtual social worlds (e.g. Second Life) for Bulgarian higher education institutions (HEIs) to [4,7]. Microblogs, chat platforms, multimedia use social media in education, our first goal is to platforms, photo and video sharing, virtual game prove the high popularity of the social media among worlds can also be added [8,9]. Namely, the young people, and especially among the academic expanding range of activities that can be aligned with community in Bulgaria. the concept of social media extends the professional With the view of our research intentions and our integration of these activities in the fields of occupation as lecturers at the University of education and learning. In education and learning, the social media can be Economics - Varna (UE-Varna), Bulgaria, we used used through the whole spectrum of their potential the opportunity to study the actual opinions and opportunities. A number of scientists observe social attitudes of the students we teach. With that in mind, media playing an important role in sharing we conducted an online survey among 378 students information between students, collecting data for containing 10 questions. The students are in bachelor research, sharing personal academic interests with and master programs in three majors - Business other people, engaging with students and finding out Information Systems, Accounting and Control, and about their opinions during instructions, forming of Informatics. The online survey was procured in the groups for teamwork [10]. Some authors point the period May-June 2017. The perception of the special role of some social networks (Facebook, students toward social media was investigated Twitter, and Flickr) from an educational perspective through two questions – Q4: Which of the following [11,12]. Lau, Lui and Chu (2016) [13] claim that social media do you have an account in and Q5: How social media represent an engine for the students who often do you use the following social media? The are aided in forming and developing their interests in results from these two questions are displayed in Fig. academic disciplines. Other authors [14] believe that 1 and Fig. 2. social media stimulate the relationship and The distribution of answers to the question of communication between teachers and students but having an account within the social media shows that also with parents and community members and in this they are very popular among students based on the way professional learning communities are being fact that only 2 of those 378, or 0.6%, do not possess built. an account in none of the social media. The results of Thanks to the use of the social media technologies this survey also reveal that 97.4% of the students or many educational benefits can be recognized, which 368 have a Facebook account and Facebook is the according to empirical studies, can be divided to the most popular social media among them. The rest of following ranges [15]: students’ favorite social media include YouTube • Enhanced communication between lecturers (305 or 80.7% from the respondents have an and students; account), Google+ (294 or 77.8% from the • Increased opportunities for teamwork and respondents) and Instagram (231 or 61.1%). networking between students The graphic clearly visualizes the fact that at least • Faster resource sharing 50% of the students possess an account in four social media - Facebook, YouTube, Google+, Instagram • Better students’ access to study material and on top of that, one in every two students has an • Creating an alternative platform to the official account simultaneously in all of these 4 social media. learning management systems 172 TEM Journal – Volume 7 / Number 1 / 2018. TEM Journal. Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 171-181, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM71-21, February 2018. Figure 1. Number of respondents that have an account in social media Figure 2. Frequency of use of four main social media. Having established the underlined high appeal of them but still possess an account – almost 60% for Facebook, YouTube, Google+ and/or Instagram Instagram and 29% for Google+. For comparison: among students, the following questions we users that do not log in to Facebook and YouTube are researched was about the frequency of use of those 3.5% and 6.2% respectively. social media (Fig. 2). The demonstrated high interest among the students Data proves that Facebook users are decidedly towards social media, mainly Facebook, brings attracted to their favorite platform with 88.10% of forward the essential issue whether and how the them (or 333 respondents) log in to it daily. YouTube Bulgarian universities can use them to reach the comes second with 254 respondents, or almost 67% students in an effective manner.