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Aus Freude Am Lesen Aus Freude am Lesen 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 1 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 Jerusalem in den späten 80er Jahren: Miral besucht eine Mäd- chenschule für palästinensische Waisenkinder. Die Kinder wachsen in einem Umfeld aus Gewalt und Unzufriedenheit auf. Seit der israe lischen Staatsgründung 1948 fühlt sich die palästinensische Bevölkerung in Israel unterdrückt. Als Miral sich in einen Jungen verliebt, der überzeugt ist, den Konflikt zwischen den beiden Völkern nur gewaltsam lösen zu kön- nen, gerät das Mädchen auf einen gefähr lichen Weg. Doch langsam wächst in Miral die Gewissheit, dass nur Liebe die Welt verändern kann. Der Roman beginnt mit einem biographischen Teil über das Leben Hind Husseinis (1916–1994), Gründerin des Jerusale- mer Waisenhauses Dar Al Tifel für palästinensische Kinder. Rula Jebreal ist palästinensi- sche Israelin, sie wurde 1973 in Haifa geboren. Ab ihrem fünf- © Nina Subin © Nina ten Lebensjahr besuchte sie die Dar-Al-Tifel-Schule. Jebreal stu- dierte später an der Universität von Bologna und arbeitete als Journalistin bei verschiedenen italienischen Medien. Ihr Roman »Miral«, der zunächst in Italien erschien, trägt autobiographische Züge. Der Stoff wurde von Julian Schnabel, dem oscarprämierten Regisseur von »Schmetterling und Taucherglocke«, entdeckt, seine Verfilmung von »Miral« ist jetzt in den deutschen Kinos zu sehen. 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 2 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 Rula Jebreal Miral Ein Land. Drei Frauen Ein gemeinsamer Traum Roman Aus dem Englischen von Leon Mengden 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 3 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 Die italienische Originalausgabe erschien 2005 unter dem Titel »La strada dei fiori di Miral« bei Rizzoli, Mailand. Die in Zusammenarbeit mit der Autorin überarbeitete amerikanische Ausgabe, auf der die vorliegende deutsche Ausgabe basiert, erschien 2010 unter dem Titel »Miral« bei Penguin, New York. Mix Produktgruppe aus vorbildlich bewirtschafteten Wäldern und anderen kontrollierten Herkünften www.fsc.org Zert.-Nr. GFA-COC-001223 © 1996 Forest Stewardship Council Verlagsgruppe Random House fsc-deu-0100 Das für dieses Buch verwendete fsc-zertifizierte Papier Ensolux cream liefert Stora Enso, Finnland. 1. Auflage Deutsche Erstveröffentlichung Dezember 2010 Copyright © 2004, 2010 by Rula Jebreal Copyright © der deutschsprachigen Ausgabe 2010 by btb Verlag in der Verlagsgruppe Random House GmbH, München Umschlaggestaltung: semper smile, München Umschlagmotiv: plainpicture / Readymade-Image / Philippe Levy Satz: Uhl + Massopust, Aalen Druck und Einband: CPI – Clausen & Bosse, Leck SL · Herstellung: SK Printed in Germany isbn 978-3-442-74148-9 www.btb-verlag.de 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 4 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 Für Julian 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 5 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 6 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 erster teil Hind 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 7 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 8 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 1 Am 13. September 1994 wurde das arabische Wohnviertel Je- rusalems bei Tagesanbruch von einer Hiobsbotschaft erschüt- tert, denn die Kunde vom Tode Hind Husseinis verbreitete sich bereits von Haus zu Haus, noch ehe Radio Jerusalem die Nachricht gesendet hatte. An diesem Morgen verlagerte sich das Getöse, das normalerweise die Vorbereitungen für das tägliche Markttreiben auf den Souks begleitete, von den schmalen Gassen und Durchgängen der Altstadt zur Saladin Street, durch die der Trauerzug kommen würde. Viele Laden- besitzer behielten ihre Rollläden geschlossen und standen mit vor der Brust verschränkten Armen vor ihren Geschäften. Das übliche Feilschen verstummte, sowie man erfuhr, dass der Sarg soeben aus dem am Fuße des Ölbergs mit Blick auf die Altstadt gelegenen Waisenhaus namens Dar Al Tifel getra- gen wurde. Das war Hind Husseinis Wirkungsstätte gewesen, der sie fast ihr ganzes Leben gewidmet hatte. Seit der Grün- dung im Jahre 1948 hatte diese Institution als Hoffnungsträger für die Zukunft Palästinas gegolten. In den überwiegend von Arabern bewohnten Vierteln wurde an den Fenstern allenthalben die palästinensische Flagge gehisst, und diejenigen Anwohner, die nicht auf die Straße hinuntergegangen waren, standen auf ihren Balko- nen und warfen Hände voll Salz, Reis oder Blumen, während alles zu Ehren der Frau applaudierte, die ein so mutiges und 9 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 9 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 dennoch demütiges Leben geführt hatte. Selbst den Männern standen Tränen in den Augen. Ein Gefühl tiefer Bestürzung senkte sich über die Stadt, denn man war sich darin einig, dass Jerusalem eine seiner angesehensten Einwohnerinnen verloren hatte. So manchem kam es vor, als hätte sich eines der Tore der Stadt mit einem Male für immer geschlossen. Hind Husseini war 1916 während der osmanischen Herr- schaft in der Heiligen Stadt geboren worden und hatte ihre ersten beiden Lebensjahre in Istanbul verbracht, wo ihr Vater Richter gewesen war. Ein paar Monate vor der Auflösung des Reiches in der Folge seiner Niederlage im Ersten Weltkrieg kehrte die Familie nach dem Tod des Vaters nach Jerusalem zurück. Zu dieser Zeit befand sich Palästina gerade im Über- gang von der türkischen Herrschaft zu seinem Nachkriegssta- tus unter britischem Mandat, das bis zur Gründung des Staa- tes Israel im Jahre 1948 andauern sollte. Hind, ihre Mutter und ihre fünf Brüder bezogen ein Haus im armenischen Viertel, das sich bereits seit Jahrhunderten im Besitz der Familie Husseini befand. Ihre Mutter und ihr Vater hatten nach der Hochzeit in dem geräumigen Gebäude mit seinen fünf Zimmern gewohnt, und das Wohnzimmer war immer noch mit den bunten Teppichen und gestickten Kissen geschmückt, die Hinds Mutter seinerzeit in ihrem für die Näharbeiten seiner Frauen berühmten Heimatdorf hatte anfertigen lassen. In der Mitte des Raumes thronte eine Was- serpfeife auf einem für arabische Länder typischen Tisch: einem großen Silbertablett auf einem Gestell aus dunklem Holz. Nach dem Umzug nach Jerusalem hatte Hinds Mutter die Verwaltung der Ländereien im Außenbezirk Sheikh Jarrah und der dazugehörigen Tiere, die sie mit dem Land von ih- 10 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 1010 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 rem Ehemann und seiner Familie geerbt hatte, übernommen. Jeden Morgen begab sie sich früh dorthin, um die zahlrei- chen Arbeitskräfte zu überwachen. Ihr ständiger Begleiter auf diesen täglichen Exkursionen war ihr ältester Sohn Ke- mal, den sie mit den Aufgaben der familieneigenen Landwirt- schaft vertraut machen wollte, damit er sie eines Tages über- nehmen konnte. Am frühen Nachmittag pflegten Mutter und Sohn schließlich nach Jerusalem zurückzukehren, wobei sie am Hauptwohnsitz der Sippe, dem ein kurzes Stück jenseits der Stadtmauer gelegenen Haus von Hinds Großvater, einen Zwischenhalt einlegten. Dort spielte Hind bis zur Abend- dämmerung mit ihren Brüdern und Kusinen, dann kehrten sie alle gemeinsam nach Hause zurück. Erkundigten sich An- gehörige bei Hinds Mutter nach dem Grund für diese tägliche Odyssee, antwortete sie stets ohne Zögern: »Mein Ehemann hat gewusst, dass wir in unser Haus in Jerusalem zurückkeh- ren würden, falls ihm je etwas zustieße. Wenn sein Geist des Nachts kommt, um nach uns zu suchen, wird er so immer wissen, wo wir zu finden sind.« Hinds Mutter hatte diesen Mann fast ihr ganzes Leben lang geliebt, nachdem sie ihn gemäß einer zwischen den beiden Familien getroffenen Ehevereinbarung bereits im Alter von vierzehn Jahren geheiratet hatte. Da sie von vornehmer Ge- burt war und ihr Ehemann aus einer Sippe stammte, die die höchsten zivilen und religiösen Ämter für sich beanspruchte, vom Gouverneur über den Bürgermeister bis zum Mufti, ge- riet die Hochzeitsfeier zum prächtigen Spektakel. Die Braut erschien, gefolgt von ihrer ganzen Familie, auf einem weißen Pferd, einem arabischen Vollblut. Als Mitgift brachte sie drei Grundstücke und zwei Häuser in die Ehe ein, während ihr der Bräutigam gemäß alter arabischer Sitte eine mit Kupfer be- schlagene, mit rotem Samt ausgekleidete und bis zum Über- 11 1162_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd62_74148_Jebreal_Miral.indd 1111 229.09.109.09.10 007:517:51 laufen mit eigens für diesen Anlass gefertigtem Schmuck – Armreifen, Halsketten, Ohr- und Fingerringe – gefüllte Truhe schenkte. Allerdings legte Hinds Mutter ihren Goldschmuck nur selten an, denn sie erachtete das Zurschaustellen von Reichtum als vulgär. Die Hochzeitszeremonie fand im Haus der Familie des Bräutigams statt. Dort hatten die Frauen mit Kardamom und Zimt gewürztes, gebratenes Hammelfleisch, Basmatireis mit Pinienkernen und Rosinen, gekochten Kürbis und gekochte Möhren, Lauch in Zwiebeln und Muskat sowie Joghurt zum Dippen und diverse Schalen mit gemischten Früchten vorbereitet. Gegen Abend wurde dann auch getanzt, und die Hochzeitsfeier dauerte bis weit nach Mitternacht. An- schließend begleiteten die beiden Elternpaare der Frischver- mählten Braut und Bräutigam zu ihrem neuen Wohnsitz im armenischen Viertel, wo die Verwandten dann vor dem Haus warteten, bis die Hügel von Jerusalem sich im ersten Licht der Morgendämmerung rosig färbten. Dann erschien der Bräuti- gam, um den Beweis dafür vorzulegen, dass die Ehe vollzo- gen worden war. Im Jerusalem von Hinds Kindheit herrschte noch eine relative Ruhe. Obwohl sie Muslimin war, hatte
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