pART-B Chapter 21 Weaéher And Seasons

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WEATHER • What is weather? • Why does the weather change?

• Summer Changes in summer • Monsoon How is rain formed? SEASONS Changes in monsoon Keeping dry during rains Things that thrive in monsoon • Winter Changes in winter • Spring • Autumn

DRESSES IN INDIA Selection of clothes according to the weather of a place

WEATHER Weather often changes. It changes during the day and from day-to-day. Days can be sunny or cloudy, windy or calm. What is the weather like at this moment? How was it in the morning? Has it changed now or is it the same?

Weather changes day-to-day

Why does the weather change? The heat of the Sun causes change in temperature. This temperature change brings about the movement of air. The moving air, called wind, causes the weather to change. Air near the ground is heated by the Sun. The hot air rises upwards and carries water vapour with it.

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The water vapour rises into the sky and forms clouds. Wind carries these clouds to different places. When these clouds cool down, it rains. Remember - the water cycle! Thus, weather depends on the Sun, wind, clouds and rain.

Cut a strip of paper. Hold it over a lighted candle as shown. You will see that the strip moves upwards. Why? The burning candle heats the air around it. When the air becomes hot, it rises. The rising air pushes the paper upwards.

•Performunder supervison of an adult SEASONS Seasons are those periods in a year, when the weather is same for many days. There are five seasons, namely —summer, monsoon, winter, spring, and autumn.

Summer

Winter

Monsoon

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Summer The hot months of the year are called summer. In summer season, the days are very warm. When it is very hot, you do not feel like playing in the heat. Also, it does not get dark until late, as the days are longer. The Sun shines brightly in summer Changes in summer Heat makes us lazy. Animals also feel lazy during summer. They prefer to lie under the shade of trees, where it is much cooler Have you noticed which trees flower during summer season? Can you name any one? The gulmohar tree has bright red flowers. The laburnum (amaltas) also flowers during Heat makes everybody lazy summer. You can see bright yellow flowers hanging down in bunches. Sometimes, you can see black seed pods also. During the summer season, we wear cotton clothes. These clothes are very light, absorb sweat easily and keep us cool. We get cotton from the cotton plant. Summer is the season of mangoes. Many other fruits and vegetables are available during the summer season. Light, cotton clothes —summer wear Many changes take place during summer.

Monsoon After the long hot summer season, it begins to rain in many parts of India. The rainy season is also called the monsoon. The rain brings relief to everyone from the burning heat.

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During which months does it rain in your city?

How is rain formed? Water evaporates from the oceans, rivers, lakes and ponds and rises up into the air and forms clouds. When these clouds cool down, the water again comes down as rain. Ratn c:åo Changes in monsoon When it rains, the earth is cooled Many trees Evaporation and plants get water. grow new leaves and a lot of grass grows during this season. The rain washes the dust from the roads. Rain cycle Everything looks fresh and green. The days are cooler as clouds do not allow Sun's heat to reach us. Sometimes, after a shower of rain, you may see a rainbow in the sky. A rainbow is always seen in the direction opposite to that of the Sun. Keeping dry during the rains When you go out in the rain, you need to wear a raincoat or carry an umbrella. Plastic and rubber are waterproof. They do not absorb water and Rainbow keep us dry. If you get wet in the rain, make sure you dry yourself well. Wearing wet clothes and wet shoes may give you a chill and fever.

Draw your "Dream Things that thrive in monsoon Umbrella" and colour it Rain water collects in puddles, empty tins and with rainbow colour. bottles. Mosquitoes lay eggs in them. Mosquito bites can make people ill and cause diseases such as malaria, dengue and chikungunya. 144 PARTU

You also see earthworms in the garden just after it has rained. Watch how they move. I lave you heard frogs croaking after rain? Winter In winter, the weat her is very cold. The days are shorter and the nights Different animals come out in monsoon are longer.We like to stay indoors when the cold winds blow. We also have to wear many warm woollen clothes. In some parts of India, it snows during winter and yet in other parts, people do not even have to wear woollen clothes. Changes in winter Cold weather keeps us inside the house most of the time. Manyanimals and insects disappear Winter season during the cold weather. You will not find any lizards or cockroaches in your home during winter. Most of the trees lose their leaves in this season. You Know? Yet there are plenty of fruits and vegetables The spring season was earlier available. known as Lent or Lenten. Sometimes, it becomes very foggy in winter. It is difficult to ride a bicycle or drive a car in this weather.

Spring Spring is the most pleasant season. The length of the days and nights are equal. We enjoy the bright sunshine after a long period of cold winter. It is the time to play outside and go on picnics. There are lots of flowers in the garden. We love to watch the bees and butterflies visiting them. After the cold winter, many trees get new leaves. Everybody loves Spring season spring.

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Autumn Autumn season comes after the rainy season. It is followed by the winter season. The days start to get shorter and the nights grow longer. In this season the leaves fall off the trees. Hence, it is also known as 'fall'. Flowers like lotuses and lilies bloom, and cool wind blows in this season.

Autumn DRESSESIN INDIA We all like to dress in neat clothes. Clothes add to our appearance. We also wear clothes to protect our body from the heat, cold, rain and dust. Thus, clothes are selected depending on the weather. In our country, the weather in different states varies. Thus, the dress of each state is different and is greatly influenced by the weather of that state. Clothes protect our body People living in the mountains or hilly areas, like Jammu and Kashmir or Himachal Pradesh, need to wear warm clothes for most part of the year. In states like Kerala or Goa, which are located near the sea, the weather remains warm throughout the year. People living in these areas prefer wearing cotton clothes. Some dresses are commonly worn by men and women throughout the country. Men prefer trousers and shirt, pyjama-kurta or dhoti- kurta. Women generally wear saree, salwar- Different dresses of people in India kameez or ghagra-choli.

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: Things To Remember 1. The weather may change during 6. During winter, the weather is the same day. cold. Nights are longer than the 2. The weather depends on sunshine, days. Wind, clouds and rain. 7. In spring season, flowers bloom 3. There are five seasons-summer, and trees grow new leaves. monsoon, winter, spring and 8. During autumn, the leaves fall off autumn. the trees. 4. During summer, the weather is 9. We wear clothes to protect hot, sunny and dry. The days are ourselves from heat, cold, rain longer than the nights. and dust. 5. Monsoonbrings rain to cool the Earth.

1. Tick (V) the correct option:

This picture shows season. (i) summer (ii) winter (iii) monsoon (iv) spring

season. (b) are usually seen on flowers during (i) spring (ii) summer (iii) monsoon (iv) winter

season. (c) We use an during the (iv) summer (i) winter (ii) spring (iii) monsoon

has colours. (iii) six (iv) seven (i) four (ii) five season. are seen frequently in (iii) winter (iv) none of these (i) spring (ii) monsoon

147 pART-B 2. Mork (v/) for correct ond (X) for incorrect statements: (a) Lotuses and lilies bloom in autumn season. (b) Accidents may occur on a foggy day. (c) A cloudy day is warmer than a clear sunny day. (d) Weather changes every month. (e) Spinach leaves kept out in summer remain green and fresh. 3. Nome the season: (a) When you are allowed to play outdoorsin the afternoons. (b) When mangoes ripen. (c) When wet clothes dry very quickly. (d) When earthworms come out of the soil. (e) The length of the days and nights are equal. 4. Answer the following: (a) Name four things on which the weather of a place depends. (b) Write two precautions that should be taken in rainy season. (c) Trees on the roadside are not watered. How do they get the water they need? (d) How does Sun help in the making of clouds? (e) What do the dresses of people depend upon? 5. HOTS Questions (Higher Order Thinking Skills): (a) Name any three places where it snows in India. (b) Clothes made from man-made material like nylon is unsuitable for both summer season and winter season. Then when are they worn? ACTIVITIES 1. Let us discuss Divide yourselves into different groups. Each group should Life select one season and discuss what all things you would Skills like to do in that particular season. When a particular type of 2. Let us do weather stays for some time, Paste pictures of national dresses of different countries it is called a season. Each and paste them in your scrapbook. season has its own features. We 3. Let us explore enjoy different things in each season. We must take It is the blazing Sun that makes summer days so hot. Yet good care of ourselves in we would not be able to survive without the Sun. It helps each season, wear season us in many ways. List all the uses of Sun and make charts appropriate clothes, and for the class board. (Clue: Dry clothes, pickles and papads, enjoy fruits and vegetables of solar cooker, causes rain, gives heat and light, etc.) that particular season.

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