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Proyecto Domingo Sanchez Blazquez Desarrollo de una aplicación de Realidad Aumentada para simulación de moléculas Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática PROYECTO FIAL DE CARRERA Realizado por: Dirigido por: Domingo Sánchez Blázquez M. Carmen Juan Lizandra RESUMEN........................................................................................................................5 CAPITULO 1. MOTIVACIÓN Y OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO.................................7 1.1. Introducción...........................................................................................................7 1.2 Objetivos.................................................................................................................9 1.3 Estructura del proyecto...........................................................................................9 CAPÍTULO 2. INTRODUCCIÓN A REALIDAD AUMENTADA Y APLICACIONES PARA APRENDIZAJE, EN ESPECIAL DE QUÍMICA................................................11 2.1 Realidad Aumentada, conceptos...........................................................................11 2.2 Tipos de Realidad Aumentada..............................................................................12 2.3 Campos de aplicación...........................................................................................14 2.3.1 Medicina:.......................................................................................................14 2.3.2 Entretenimiento.............................................................................................15 2.3.3 Psicología......................................................................................................17 2.3.4 Área Militar...................................................................................................18 2.3.5 Diseño industrial...........................................................................................20 2.3.6 Robótica y telerrobótica................................................................................21 2.3.7 Fabricación, mantenimiento y reparación.....................................................22 2.3.8 Arquitectura y construcción..........................................................................24 2.3.9 Diseño de consumo.......................................................................................25 2.3.10 Enseñanza....................................................................................................27 CAPÍTULO 3: Programas de Modelado Molecular........................................................31 3.1 Introducción..........................................................................................................31 3.2 Exposición de las aplicaciones..............................................................................31 Abalone..................................................................................................................31 AutoDock...............................................................................................................34 Amira......................................................................................................................37 Ascalaph Graphics.................................................................................................42 Ascalaph Designer.................................................................................................44 Amber / Amber Tools.............................................................................................47 Avogadro................................................................................................................49 BOSS......................................................................................................................52 Maestro...................................................................................................................55 BALLView.............................................................................................................58 CAPITULO 4: Uso de ARToolKit e inclusión de moléculas..........................................60 4.1 Introducción..........................................................................................................60 4.2 Análisis de las herramientas a utilizar...................................................................60 4.2.1 ARToolKitVRML..........................................................................................60 4.2.1 Microsft Visual Studio 2005.........................................................................61 4.2.3 BALLView....................................................................................................62 4.2.4 DirectX, DirectShow.....................................................................................62 4.3 Trabajando con Microsoft Visual Studio 2005, BALLView y ARToolKit...........64 4.3.1 La cámara......................................................................................................64 4.3.2 Creación de Moléculas..................................................................................64 4.3.3 Búsqueda de marcas: Cálculo de la matriz de transformación......................65 4.3.4 Calibración de la cámara...............................................................................68 4.3.4.1 Calibrando por ARToolKit.....................................................................68 4.3.4.2 Calibrando mediante programa externo................................................69 4.3.5 Creación de patrones.....................................................................................70 4.3.6 Creación de la Aplicación de Realidad Aumentada......................................72 4.3.6.1 Main.......................................................................................................73 4.3.6.2 Init..........................................................................................................73 4.3.6.3 Mainloop................................................................................................74 2.3.6.4 Draw......................................................................................................76 2.3.6.5 Cleanup..................................................................................................77 4.3.7 Requisitos mínimos.......................................................................................79 CAPITULO 5 Conclusiones y trabajos futuros...............................................................81 5.1 Conclusiones.........................................................................................................81 5.2 Trabajos futuros....................................................................................................81 Capitulo 6 Bibliografía....................................................................................................82 Glosario...........................................................................................................................86 Desarrollo de una aplicación de Realidad Aumentada para simulación de moléculas RESUMEN El objetivo principal de este proyecto es desarrollar y evaluar un sistema de RA (Realidad Aumentada) enfocado a la química, bioquímica, farmacia, y ámbito molecular para facilitar el aprendizaje de las distintas proteínas o elementos químicos y orgánicos por parte de estudiantes tanto de educación media como educación superior. Lo que se pretende es facilitar el estudio de la composición, estructura y propiedades de la materia, como los cambios que esta experimenta durante las reacciones químicas y su relación con la energía. Las disciplinas de la química han sido agrupadas por la clase de materia bajo estudio o el tipo de estudio realizado. Entre estas se tienen la química inorgánica que estudia la materia inorgánica; la química orgánica que trata con la materia orgánica; la bioquímica el estudio de substancias en organismos biológicos; la físico-química comprende los aspectos energéticos de sistemas químicos a escalas macroscópicas, moleculares y atómicas; la química analítica que analiza muestras de materia tratando de entender su composición y estructura. Otras ramas de la química han emergido en tiempos recientes, por ejemplo, la neuroquímica que estudia los aspectos químicos del cerebro. La ubicuidad de la química en las ciencias naturales hace que sea considerada como una de las ciencias básicas. La química es de gran importancia en muchos campos del conocimiento, como la ciencia de materiales, la biología, la farmacia, la medicina, la geología, la ingeniería y la astronomía, entre otros. Los procesos naturales estudiados por la química involucran partículas fundamentales (electrones, protones y neutrones), partículas compuestas (núcleos atómicos, átomos y moléculas) o estructuras microscópicas como cristales y superficies. Desde el punto de vista microscópico, las partículas involucradas en una reacción química pueden considerarse como un sistema cerrado que intercambia energía con su entorno. En procesos exotérmicos, el sistema libera energía a su entorno, mientras que un proceso endotérmico solamente puede ocurrir cuando el entorno aporta energía al sistema que reacciona. En la gran mayoría de las reacciones químicas hay flujo de energía entre el sistema y su campo de influencia, por lo cual podemos extender la definición de reacción química e involucrar la energía cinética (calor) como un reactivo o producto. Es común que entre las comunidades académicas de químicos la química analítica no sea considerada entre
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