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Protected Areas in News

Biosphere Reserves ...... 2 About ...... 2 Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve ...... 3 Cold Desert Biosphere Reserves ...... 3 Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve ...... 4 Manas Biosphere Reserve ...... 5 Nokrek Biosphere Reserve ...... 5 Dihang- Dibang Biosphere Reserve ...... 5 Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve ...... 5 Sundarban Biosphere Reserve ...... 6 Simlipal Biosphere Reserve ...... 7 Biosphere Reserve ...... 7 Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve ...... 7 Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve ...... 7 Panna Biosphere Reserve ...... 8 Seshachakam Biosphere Reserve...... 8 Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve ...... 8 Agasthamalai Biosphere Reserve ...... 8 Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve ...... 9 Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve ...... 9

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Biosphere Reserves

About  A biosphere reserve is an area of land or water that is protected by law in order to support the conservation of ecosystems, as well as the sustainability of mankind’s impact on the environment.  Each reserve aims to help scientists and the environmental community figure out how to protect the world’s plant and animal species while dealing with a growing population and its resource needs.  To carry out the complementary activities of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, biosphere reserves are traditionally organized into 3 interrelated zones, known as • the core area, • the buffer zone, and • a transition zone or ‘area of cooperation.  The purpose of the formation of the biosphere reserve is to conserve in situ all forms of life, along with its support system, in its totality, so that it could serve as a referral system for monitoring and evaluating changes in natural ecosystems.  Presently, there are 18 notified biosphere reserves in . Ten out of the eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list.

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Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve  State:  Protected Areas within: • Valley of FlowerNational Park; •  Features: • Has Nanda Devi Peak • River Alaknanda passes from here • Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Park has been has been recognised under Natural World Heritage Site by UNESCO • Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve has been recognised by UNESCO under Man & Biosphere Programme • Drained by River Rishiganga

Cold Desert Biosphere Reserves  State:  Protected Areas within: • ; • Chandertal Wild Life Sanctuary

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Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve  State:  Protected Areas within: • DibruSaikhowaNational Park  Features: • Smallest Biosphere Reserve in Area • Rivers like Dibang, Dihang, Lohit, Dibrupasses from here • Has largest Willow Swamp Forest in North East

Manas Biosphere Reserve  State:Assam  Protected Areas within: • & Wildlife Sanctuary  Features: • It is a Reserve& an Elephant Reserve. • River Manas flows here. • Manas Wildlife Sanctuary has been recognised under Natural World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Nokrek Biosphere Reserve  State: ()  Protected Areas within: • •  Features: • Has Sejuk Caves (Important: Limestone Caves) • Tribes: Garo Tribe • Has Nokrek Hotspot • Has Napak Lake • It has been recognised by UNESCO under Man & Biosphere Programme

Dihang- Dibang Biosphere Reserve  State:  Protected Areas within: • MaoulingNatonal Park • Dibang Wild Life Sanctuary  Features: • Has Mishmi Hills • River Dihang, River Dibang Passes from it • Tribe: Mishmi, Komkar

Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve  State:  Protected Areas within: • Kanchenjunga National Park  Features: • Has ZemuGlacier (Source of River Teesta) • Inhabited by Lepcha Tribe • Has Kanchenjunga Peak • Khangchendzonga National Park is the Only Mixed Heritage Site in India as per UNESCO • Kanchenjunga National Park has been recognised by UNESCO under Man & Biosphere Programme

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Sundarban Biosphere Reserve  State:  Protected Areas within: • National Park  Features: • Has Single Largest Block of Tidal Halophytic • Confluence of Ganga, Padma, Meghna River • It has been recognised by UNESCO under Man & Biosphere Programme • Sundarban National Park has been recognised under Natural World Heritage Site by UNESCO • Has Sundri Trees

Simlipal Biosphere Reserve  State:  Protected Areas within: • ; • Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary • Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary  Features: • It derives its name from Semul Tree (Red Silk Cotton Tree) • Barehipani Falls is located here (Fall is on River Buddhabulanga which is tributary of R. Brahmani) • It is a Tiger Reserve& anElephant Reserve. • It has been recognised by UNESCO under Man & Biosphere Programme • Was in news as Mankadia Tribe were removed form Simlipal National Park • River Buddhabulanga and River Khari passes via it

Rann of Kutch Biosphere Reserve  State:  Protected Areas within: • • • Kutch Desert Sanctuary • Wild Ass Sanctuary  Features: • Largest Biosphere Reserve; Has Banni Grassland • Tribe: Agaria Tribe reside here (They protect the Wild Ass found here) • Island are known as Byet Here. • Rann of Kutch Lake has two Island: Paccham Island &KhadirByet. • is on KhadirByet.

Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve  State:  Protected Areas within: • Satpura National Park • • Wildlife Sanctuary  Features: • passes through it • Has Dhupgarh Hill Station; Has Mahadeo Hills • It has been recognised by UNESCO under Man & Biosphere Programme

Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve

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 State:Madhya Pradesh- Border  Protected Areas within: • Achanakmar- Amarkantak Wildlife Sanctuary  Features: • Has Maikal Hills (which represent the confluence of Vindhayan&) • River Narmada originate here • Three major rivers are present: Narmada, Johilla&Son • It has been recognised by UNESCO under Man & Biosphere Programme

Panna Biosphere Reserve  State:Madhya Pradesh- Border  Protected Areas within: • • Ken Gharial Sanctuary  Features: • River Ken passes through it • Has Bundelkhand Plateau

Seshachakam Biosphere Reserve  State:Andra Pradesh  Protected Areas within: • Sri Venkateshwara National Park • Sri Venkateshwara Wildlife Sanctuary  Features: • 1st Biosphere Reserve in • Between Palikonda and Velikonda Hills • River Penneru passes from here • Famous for Red Sander (It is known for its colour) • Has Slender Loris Animal • Has Red Sandalwood which is used in medicines, soaps, spiritual rituals.

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve  State:Uttarakhand  Protected Areas within: • Silent Valley National Park () • () • () • Wayanad National Park (Kerala) • Silent Valley National Park (Kerala) • Satyamanglam National Park (Tamil Nadu) • (Karnataka) • Mukurti National Park (Tamil Nadu)  Features: • First Biosphere Reserve to be declared under Man & Biosphere Programme of UNESCO • Dodabetta is the highest peak of Nilgiri Mountain • River Kabini, Bhavani, Kuntipuzha passes through it • Tribe: Toda, Chettis, Irular etc

Agasthamalai Biosphere Reserve  State: Kerala & Tamil Nadu  Protected Areas within:

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• Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary • Sendurney Wildlife Sanctuary • Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary • Kalkad- MudunthuraiWildlife Sanctuary  Features: • Has Agasthamalai Peak • Resided by Kannikaran Tribe (one of the oldest tribes in the world) • Tamraparni River

Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve  Protected Areas within: • Gulf of Mannar  Features: • Dugong- Dugong Sea Grass is found here • It is 1stmarine Biosphere Reserve in • It has been recognised under Man & Biosphere Programme of UNESCO

Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve  State:Andaman &  Protected Areas within: • Campbell National Park •  Features: • It has been recognised under Man & Biosphere Programme of UNESCO • Resided by Onge, Shompen, Nicobarese Tribe

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