VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN
WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018 - 2028 A MESSAGE FROM THE CITY MANAGER
I’m very pleased to present Vancouver: Finally, and underpinning it all, we will A City for All Women, Women’s Equity apply an intersectional approach to our Strategy 2018-2028. work to ensure that all residents, including all women, have equitable access, inclusion Unanimously adopted by City Council, and participation in the life of the city. the Strategy builds on the foundational work started with the City’s 2005 Gender The development of this Strategy follows Equality plan and sheds light on many of extensive engagement with the City’s the barriers which continue to limit the Women’s Advisory Committee and City full participation and contributions of all staff, as well as public input, research, women, including those who identify as and consultations with subject matter women. The Strategy sets out specific experts and other organizations, including goals and targets to address these barriers, municipalities. I wish to thank all who recognizing that the full inclusion of all gave their time and shared their expertise residents is fundamental to creating and experiences and, in particular, the a city which is diverse, welcoming, members of the Women’s Advisory vibrant, economically successful, and Committee. environmentally sustainable. Removing barriers to full inclusion for Leveraging and aligning with related all women will require sustained and City strategies such as Healthy City and coordinated efforts from all levels of Housing Vancouver, we will specifically government, community organizations, take action to increase women’s safety and individuals. The City of Vancouver is and affordable housing, and address committed to doing its part through the the impact of the childcare shortage on implementation of this Strategy, sharing women’s economic participation. We and learning from others committed to will also lead by example within our own women’s equity and influencing change workforce by removing barriers for women wherever possible. We look forward to and increasing the number of new hires working with our stakeholders to make in leadership and in historically under- Vancouver a place where all women enjoy represented occupations. full inclusion in the political, economic, cultural and social life of the city.
Sadhu Aufochs Johnston City Manager CONTENTS
Executive Summary ...... 2
Vision...... 6
Principles...... 6
What we Heard ...... 7
Why it Matters ...... 9
Inequality’s Differential Impact...... 13
The Case for Change ...... 14
Priorities ...... 15
Strategies...... 16
Plan for Action...... 17
Priority: Intersectional Lens ...... 18
Priority: Women’s Safety ...... 20
Priority: Childcare ...... 22
Priority: Housing ...... 24
Priority: Leadership & Representation ...... 26
Accountability...... 28
Acknowledgements ...... 29
Endnotes ...... 32
Snapshots of City’s Current Actions ...... 34
Inputs for Future Consideration...... 40 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
“Because It’s 2016: Action on Gender “Women and girls comprise a majority of Equality” was the Vancouver City Council Vancouver residents (51 per cent) but on motion that inspired the development of average have lower incomes, less housing an updated women’s equity strategy and security, more unpaid work, experience provided the opportunity to consider our far greater rates of poverty and gender work in light of the persistent issue of based violence and in general have less women’s inequality in our community. The opportunities than men and boys” result is Vancouver: A City for All Women, (Council Motion – Because It’s 2016: Women’s Equity Strategy 2018-2028. Action on Gender Equality). The Strategy reflects our vision to make Women’s inequality is an issue that affects Vancouver a place where all women and us all. We cannot reach our full potential self-identified women have full access to as a city and as a community when the resources provided in the city and certain segments of our population are opportunities to fully participate in the marginalized and denied full inclusion and political, economic, cultural and social life participation. We know that all women’s full of the city.
2 VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN | WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018-2028 inclusion boosts our economy, increases Vancouver: A City for All Women is a our productivity, and reduces child poverty. 10-year strategy that recognizes the current shifting political and social Addressing such a wide-ranging issue as landscape. Within each priority area, a women’s equity requires all social agents number of Phase 1 Actions have been – individuals, organizations and all levels identified for 2018-2019. A staff Action of government – to take intentional steps Team will coordinate implementation of towards this goal. As a city, we can take the Phase 1 Actions and, in consultation positive actions within our jurisdiction with the Women’s Advisory Committee, and encourage others to do the same. will consider all inputs received as potential The focus of this Strategy is in those areas actions over the next eight years of the where the City of Vancouver can make a Strategy. difference. A key success factor for this Strategy We are grateful to the many individuals is being accountable to our goals and and organizations that took the time to objectives. To that end, we will measure our share their experiences and expertise. In progress and report out regularly. In 2019, particular, the City’s Women’s Advisory we will provide a progress report to Council Committee spent countless hours and and outline actions for implementation in many meetings sharing their expertise the next phase of the Strategy. and informing the scope and content of the Strategy. In addition, more than 1,600 Another key success factor is alignment residents participated in our online survey with the City’s Healthy City Strategy. and public forum, subject matter experts The Healthy City Strategy is guided by a and community organizations took valuable vision of A Healthy City for All, ensuring time to meet with us, and City staff were collectively we pursue a strong and consulted for their expertise and feedback. inclusive focus on inequity, including gender inequity. These principles also Throughout our consultations, we heard emphasize the importance of including recurring themes that emerged as priority meaningful involvement in the broader areas. Addressing the issues faced by all public, private and civic sectors. women in each of these areas is seen as key to improving women’s full inclusion in the life of the city: • Applying an intersectional lens to the City’s strategies and plans • Addressing safety, including violence against women • Accessible, quality childcare
• Safe and affordable housing • Women’s leadership and representation within the City’s workforce
3 VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN | WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018-2028 Summary of Priority Areas and Phase 1 Actions The City is in a position to make a difference and so The following summarizes our Phase 1 should play a leadership Actions by priority area. Full detail on each role. Gender stereotyping priority, as well as background on the City’s current work in each of these areas, is and discrimination not only included in this document. restricts females’ and males’ ability to participate fully in These priority goals and objectives the world, it limits the City’s parallel the City’s Healthy City Strategy ‘determinants of health’ approach and economic potential. include indicators and targets that have – Public Survey “Action for Women” been designed to address inequalities at a municipal level.
INTERSECTIONAL LENS
GOAL The City’s decisions, programs and plans are informed by an intersectional lens to ensure that all citizens have equitable access, inclusion and participation in community life.
OBJECTIVE In 2018, an intersectional framework will be established for City departments.
STRATEGIES Education & Awareness, Policy
PHASE 1 ACTIONS: 1. Pilot intersectional framework. 2018-2019 2. Introduce the application of an intersectional lens to senior staff through training in Gender-Based Analysis Plus (GBA+), offered through Status of Women Canada. 3. Bring forward to Council revised Civic Assets Naming Guidelines that include gender diversity.
SAFETY
GOAL Vancouver is a safe city in which all women are secure and free from crime and violence, including sexual assault.
OBJECTIVE By 2025, women’s sense of safety will be increased by at least 10 per cent.
STRATEGIES Education & Awareness, Partnerships & Collaboration, Policy, Data
PHASE 1 ACTIONS: 1. Join UN Women’s Global Flagship Initiative “Safe Cities and Safe Public Spaces” and 2018-2019 conduct a scoping study on women’s safety. 2. Identify community partners and collaborate on an annual public campaign to raise awareness on violence against women. 3. Update the Women’s Advisory Committee annually on progress in ensuring women’s safety and needs in the neighbourhood planning and development process. 4. Formalize senior staff coordination and oversight of inter-departmental response to critical issues in the Downtown Eastside, including women’s safety and related issues.
4 VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN | WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018-2028 CHILDCARE
GOAL Women’s full participation in the workforce and engagement in public life is supported by affordable and accessible quality childcare for children.
OBJECTIVE By the end of 2018, 1,000 new childcare spaces will be added from the 2015 baseline.
STRATEGIES Education & Awareness, Partnerships & Collaboration, Policy
PHASE 1 ACTIONS: 1. Share input from the Women’s Equity Strategy consultations for consideration in the 2018-2019 City’s updated childcare strategy. 2. Partner with senior levels of government to significantly increase affordable, quality childcare through creating new childcare spaces, and replacing aging centres. 3. Identify child-friendly provisions to accommodate participation by families with children at Council and Public Hearings at City Hall.
HOUSING
GOAL A range of affordable housing choices is available for women of diverse backgrounds and circumstances, including single parents, seniors, newcomers, and those facing vulnerable conditions.
OBJECTIVE 72,000 new homes across Vancouver in the next 10 years.
STRATEGIES Education & Awareness, Data, Partnerships & Collaboration
PHASE 1 ACTIONS: 1. Identify how to determine the extent of women’s hidden homelessness to better 2018-2019 understand its full scope. 2. Research integration of outreach role within Coordinated Access Centre to liaise with women-serving organizations and identify women in need of priority housing. 3. Share input from the Women’s Equity Strategy consultations for consideration in the implementation of the Housing Vancouver Strategy.
LEADERSHIP & REPRESENTATION
GOAL The City will elevate the visibility, influence, representation and contribution of all women in the organization by providing equitable access to work opportunities, including leadership roles and other under-represented occupations1 and by creating and implementing initiatives to specifically enhance their development and leadership.
OBJECTIVES • Effective immediately, the City will increase new hires for Senior Management roles to 50 per cent women. • By 2020, the proportion of female new hires in under-represented occupations will be increased by at least five per cent over the 2017 baseline.
STRATEGIES Education & Awareness, Partnerships & Collaboration, Policy, Data
PHASE 1 ACTIONS: 1. Become the first municipality to sign Minerva BC’s Face of Leadership™ Diversity 2018-2019 Pledge, making a public commitment to support women’s advancement in leadership in our workforce and in our community. 2. Develop and implement a Breastfeeding Policy for City staff. 3. Conduct focus groups with female staff in leadership and under-represented positions. 4. Measure and publicly report annually on the City’s workforce composition including positions and compensation. 5. Address potential bias in the hiring process by training recruitment staff to recognize and mitigate unconscious bias.
5 VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN | WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018-2028 VISION
The City is committed to making Vancouver a place where all women have full access to the resources provided in the city and have opportunities to fully participate in the political, economic, cultural and social life of Vancouver. PRINCIPLES
The implementation of the Strategy reflects equity for all women, with the aim of the following principles: shifting systems and changing attitudes.
• “Nothing about us without us.” We will • Sustainable In order to be sustainable be inclusive of the voices of all women over the long term, the Strategy aligns and women’s organizations through with other City initiatives, such as the consultations with the Women’s Advisory Healthy City Strategy. The Strategy is Committee and other stakeholders. also flexible and responsive to emerging opportunities and trends, allowing us • Intersectional lens For many women, to maximize our ability to advance our the impact of gender inequality vision and goals. is compounded by other forms of discrimination including race, disability, • S.M.A.R.T. Our goals and targets are language, immigration status, and Specific, Measurable, Achievable, prejudice against Indigenous Peoples. Realistic, and Time-bound. Applying an intersectional lens to • Criteria for inclusion The success developing programs, services and of the Strategy depends on setting policies considers this differential impact goals and targets in those areas over and aims to address it. which we have control and jurisdiction. • Systemic and culture change The City The Vancouver Police Department, recognizes that patterns of inequality Vancouver School Board and Vancouver are deeply entrenched in our social and Public Library all have their own institutional structures, and historical Boards and are independent of the and cultural patterns. The City will focus City of Vancouver. Our Strategy does on systemic changes in its approach to not commit to actions that fall under their mandates.
All citizens deserve equal opportunities. Vancouver is seen as a progressive city and gender equality would be an important component of that. – Public Survey “Action for Women”
6 VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN | WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018-2028 WHAT WE HEARD
Vancouver: A City for all Women has been of the Women’s Advisory Committee informed by the voices and experiences dedicated an abundance of their time of more than 1,600 residents, members of to the development of this Strategy, the City of Vancouver’s Women’s Advisory both at regular meetings and specific Committee, subject matter experts, working sessions. community organizations, research, Throughout these consultations several key and City staff. In particular, members themes and priority areas emerged.
CHILDCARE Access to affordable quality childcare is an urgent issue that was cited as WOMEN’S SAFETY the number one action that could We heard that women in Vancouver immediately and positively impact continue to deal with the effects of all women’s lives, their economic violence and that many women do participation and economic not feel safe within the city. independence. INTERSECTIONAL LENS An intersectional lens is needed to ensure that actions in these priority areas benefitall women. HOUSING WOMEN’S We also heard that Vancouver’s LEADERSHIP & housing crisis disproportionately REPRESENTATION impacts women – in particular women Finally, we heard that the City should leaving intimate partner violence. show leadership in advancing all The combined issues of a lack of women’s equity through its own affordable housing and women’s employment practices, public policies relative economic disadvantage place and public communications. women at greater risk of returning to or staying in an abusive situation. The housing crisis also makes women vulnerable to exploitation.
7 VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN | WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018-2028 INTERNAL PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS CONSULTATIONS • Survey (1,640 responses) • Ongoing consultations with • Forum (45 attendees) internal experts and impacted • Community organizations Departments 84 contacted/invited
WOMEN’S ADVISORY SUBJECT MATTER COMMITEE WOMEN’S EXPERTS • Updated and consulted EQUITY regularly STRATEGY • 21 contacted • Provided guidance and advice 2018-2028 • 16 interviewed/consulted on process and plan
RESEARCH & BEST PRACTICES ADVISORY COMMITTEES • 35+ papers reviewed • Council Advisory Committees contacted and invited to • Statistical research participate • 10+ cities studied
8 VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN | WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018-2028 WHY IT MATTERS Women continue to be The motherhood penalty economically disadvantaged The “motherhood penalty” can be Women make up 51 per cent of described using both an employment Vancouver’s population1 and continue to gap (between men and women) and be economically disadvantaged relative an earnings gap (between mothers and to men. A specific focus on improving all non-mothers). women’s lived experiences is needed in Vancouver has the third worst employment order to achieve the City’s targets in the gap between men and women in Canada Healthy City Strategy. (11.8 per cent). The employment gap is Women in Vancouver earn less than men… greater in cities with high childcare fees.10
Vancouver’s annual living wage: $37,5002 I have been forced to Men’s annual median income: $36,9003 sacrifice 7 years of my career Women’s annual median income: $29,8003 to be a stay home mom, Because… because there is insufficient adequate childcare available • Even within the same occupations, in this city and it’s completely women earn 87 cents for every dollar unaffordable to even consider earned by men.4 working full-time and pay for • 56 per cent of women are employed in childcare for two kids. traditionally female-dominated and lower - Public Survey “Action for Women” paying occupations such as teaching, nursing and health-related occupations, social work, clerical, administrative, and sales and services.5 With respect to the earnings gap, one study • Women make up: found women with children earn 12 per cent less than women without children. This --70 per cent of minimum wage gap increased with the number of children, workers.6 up to 20 per cent for women with three --76 per cent of part-time workers.7 or more children.11 The earnings gap can be partly explained by breaks in women’s --60 per cent of those collecting employment for maternity and parental Employment Insurance.8 leaves. Approximately 47 per cent of women --24 per cent of workers in higher take at least one maternity or parental leave paying professional science, over their careers, compared to 3.8 per cent technology, engineering, mathematics of men. The average duration of women’s (STEM) occupations.9 combined parental and maternal leaves is 1.3 years.12
9 VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN | WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018-2028 Women spend an average of 50.1 hours per 60 per cent of victims of IPV had either week on childcare, more than double the quit their jobs or were terminated as a average time (24.4 hours) spent by men. result of the abuse.18 Women who leave This includes women who work full-time.13 abusive domestic partners rely on food Of those who work part-time, 25 per cent banks at nearly 20 times the rate of of women and 3.3 per cent of men cited average Canadians and for up to three childcare as the reason.14 years after leaving the abusive situation.19
Eighty per cent of single-parent families Between 2004-2014, criminal victimization are headed by women15 and 90 per cent rates for all crimes fell by 28 per cent, while of single parents on income assistance are rates of sexual assault have remained stable female.16 (22 incidents per 1,000 people). However, only 5 per cent of sexual assaults are The cumulative effects of extended leaves, reported to the police.20 the demands of childcare, and a lack of affordable childcare impact women’s Up to 27 per cent of victims of gender- workforce availability, their earnings over based violence have used medication to the course of their careers, and their cope with depression, to calm them down economic security over the course of their or to help them sleep. This is significantly lifetimes. higher than the proportion of women who were not violently victimized (18 per cent).21 Violence against women is a persistent issue The 1993 UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women defines violence against women as, “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.” Women’s economic vulnerability places them at greater risk of intimate partner violence and exploitation. In addition, violence against women increases women’s economic vulnerability through lost education, work opportunities, and income as a result of the associated physical and psychological harms. Intimate partner violence (IPV) accounts for one in four violent crimes reported to police. The vast majority of victims (80 per cent) are women.17 One study found that
10 VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN | WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018-2028 Sometimes at night I do not least safe, at only 41 per cent and feel comfortable walking 47 per cent respectively. Similarly, only home... I do not want to 44 per cent of Indigenous women, and feel unsafe in my own 42 per cent of Chinese women reported feeling safe walking after dark.23 neighborhood. As well being sexually harassed by walking In order to meet the Healthy City Strategy down the street, for example target of increasing residents’ sense of getting honked at and safety, specific attention needs to paid to the unique experiences of all women when cat called. navigating the city. – Public Survey “Action for Women” Women at the City of Vancouver As a large employer and provider of public services, the City can make a positive Many women don’t feel impact within its own workforce and can safe in the city demonstrate leadership in advancing The Healthy City Strategy goal of “being all women’s equity in the workplace. safe and feeling included” includes the Through this Strategy, we will improve the target of “increasing Vancouver residents’ representation of all women in leadership sense of safety by 10 per cent”. Currently, and historically under-represented 65 per cent of all residents agree that occupations within the City’s workforce. they “feel safe walking after dark” in their According to the McKinsey Global Institute, neighbourhoods.22 while Canada is among the global leaders However, when broken down, the numbers in women’s equality, progress has stalled for women are different. Only 57 per cent in the last 20 years. Persistent and of women compared to 73 per cent of men significant gaps continue in the areas of agreed that they felt safe walking after managerial positions, STEM occupations, dark. Senior women (75+ years) and young unpaid care work and single parenthood, women (18-24 years) reported feeling the among others.24
11 VANCOUVER: A CITY FOR ALL WOMEN | WOMEN’S EQUITY STRATEGY 2018-2028 The following chart shows the current representation of women at the City in leadership and examples of historically under-represented occupations.*
Women at the City of Vancouver